管理学原理第二章习题

管理学原理各章练习第一章管理与管理学一、单项选择题1.层次越高的主管人员,对___D___的要求越高.A.技术技能B.人事技能C.管理技能D.概念技能2.管理的主体是( D )A.企业家B.全体员工C.高层管理者D.管理者3管理是一门应用性科学，是指管理的（D ）A一般性B多样性C历史性D实践性4.管理作为一门艺术,是强调管理的_____A_____A.实践性B.精确性C.系统性D.理论性5.管理的载体是( D )A.管理者B.技术C.工作D.组织6.管理的核心是( C )A.建立组织机构B.协调人力物力C.协调人际关系D.尽力减少支出7.管理的核心是___B___.A.决策B.处理好人际关系C.组织D.控制8.管理的核心是( A )A.处理好人际关系B.制定目标C.管理好管理者D.实施控制9.管理的核心是( D )A.决策B.领导C.激励D.处理好人际关系10.在学习、研究管理学的方法论中,起总的指导作用的是( C )A.系统方法B.理论联系实际的方法C.唯物辩证法D.比较分析法11.管理的第一次转折是___B___科学管理理论的出现A.法约尔B.泰罗C.卢瑟D.马歇尔12._____A___是马克思主义关于管理问题的基本观点.A.管理的两重性B.管理的一般性C.管理的多样性D.管理的实践性13.管理学应属于( A )A.边缘科学B.经济学C.社会科学D.自然科学14.管理的载体是___C___A.管理者B.技术C.组织D.工作15.管理学的第二次大转折发生于_____D____A.19世纪末B.产业革命C.第二次世界大战中军需准备时期D.第二次世界大战后电子技术迅速发展时期16.管理内部的要素,一般是___D______A.不可控制B.部分可控C.部分不可控D.可以控制17.管理的两重性是指管理的______B___A.自然属性和历史属性B.自然属性和社会属性C.经济属性和技术属性D.连续属性与间断属性18.研究管理学的总的方法论指导是___C____A.系统方法B.理论联系实际的方法C.唯物辩证法D.比较分析法19.一般来说,组织的外部要素是( C )A.可以控制的B.无法控制的C.部分可以控制的D.不可以控制的20.发展中国家经济落后,关键是____C_____落后A.技术B.体制C.管理D.科学21.在组织的五个基本要素中,管理的媒介是( B )A.人与物B.信息C.机构D.目的22.在组织的内部要素中,表明为什么要有这个组织的要素是( D )A.人与物B.信息C.机构D.目的23.管理的主体是( A )A.管理者B.组织C.人D.管理机构24.管理的主体是___D____A.员工B.国家C.领导D.管理者25.美国管理学家彼德·德鲁克认为,管理者的第一个责任是( B )A.管理管理者B.管理一个组织C.管理工作和工人D.从事管理活动26.管理过程中的首要职能是( C )A.人员配备B.组织C.计划D.指导与控制27.管理的五大基本职能是____B____A.计划、组织、协调、领导、控制B.计划、组织、人员配备、指导与领导、控制C.计划、协调、指导、人员配备、控制D.组织、人员配备、指导与领导、控制、协调28.马克思主义关于管理问题的基本观点是( B )A.辩证唯物主义观点B.管理二重性观点C.系统的观点D.发展的观点29.反映管理同生产力、社会化大生产相联系的属性是( C )A.社会属性B.艺术性C.自然属性D.科学性30.管理学原理区别于专门管理学的特点在于( C )A.历史性B.科学性C.一般性D.实践性31.管理学属于边缘学科,这说明管理学的特点是( B )A.一般性B.多样性C.实践性D.历史性32.管理学研究的侧重点或主线是( C )A.社会生产方式B.管理历史C.管理过程及职能D.资源配置33.具有消亡倾向的系统是( B )A.开放系统B.封闭系统C.子系统D.反馈系统34.在自动调节系统中,为使工作维持在规定工作状况下而采取的措施,叫作( a )A.控制B.协调C.反馈D.交换35.在一个社会系统内,可以用不同的输入或不同过程去实现同一目标,这是系统的( D )观点.A.整体B.信息反馈C.不断分化和完善D.等效36.现代社会文明发展的三大支柱是：科学、技术和（D ）A.资源B.生产力C.泰罗制D.管理37.管理是一种( C )A.经济现象B.自然现象C.社会文化现象D.科学现象38.管理是生产过程固有的属性,是指_____B___A.管理的目的性B.管理的必要性C.管理的科学性D.管理的民主性39.下列管理层次中____B____的职能是按照规定的计划和程序,协调基层组织的各项工作和实施计划.A.上层B.下层C.中层D.经营管理层40.中层主管人员主要任务是____B______A.监督执行B.协调执行C.决策控制D.激励员工41.主管人员的层次划分是指( D )A.内层外层B.深层浅层C.表层里层D.上中下层42.决定学习、研究管理学必要性的是( C )A.管理的自然性B.管理的社会性C.管理的重要性D.管理的历史性43.上层主管人员的重要任务是( D )A.监督执行B.协调执行C.监督控制D.决策控制44.管理直接或间接地同生产资料所有制有关,反映了管理的_____B____A.必要性B.目的性C.科学性D.艺术性23._____D____是主管人员最基本的准则A.有强烈的管理愿望B.掌握大量的管理理论C.以公司利益为准则D.尽职尽责29.主管人员的权力很大程度上表现的是____D_____A.能力B.素质C.物质基础D.自主程度二、多项选择题1.管理者在管理过程中承担的职能是( ACDE )A.计划B.预测C.组织D.控制E.指导与领导2.管理的二重性是指管理的( CD )A.科学性B.艺术性C.自然属性D.社会属性E.实践性3.管理的基本特征有__ABCE_____A.管理是一种社会现象B.管理是一种文化现象C.管理的主体是管理者D.管理的核心是决策E.管理的核心是处理好人际关系4.管理的客体是( ABE )A.人B.信息C.机构D.目的E.物5.美国管理学家彼德·德鲁克认为,管理者的责任是( ABD )A.管理一个组织B.管理管理者C.实现管理目的D.管理工作和工人E管理计划过程6.一个组织通常划分为如下层次( BE )A.主管层、执行层和作业层B.经营决策层、执行管理层和监督作业层C.经营管理层、外部管理层和核心管理层D.经营决策层、监督作业层和执行管理层E.上层、中层和基层7.管理是一种社会文化现象,其存在的必要条件是( BD )A.管理理论B.一致目标C.管理实践D.集体活动E.管理原理8.虽然组织的类型、形式和规模可能各有差异,但其内部都含有以下基本要素( ABDE )A.人与物B.信息C.管理D.机构E.目的9.管理的基本特征是( BCDE )A.具有内部基本要素和外部环境要素B.主体是管理者C.具有任务、职能和层次D.核心是协调人际关系E.是一种文化现象和社会现象10.管理的两重性反映出管理的( BE )A.科学性和艺术性B.必要性和目的性C.部分可控性和部分不可控性D.技术性和阶级性E.生产力属性和生产关系属性11.管理的社会属性体现着生产资料所有者指挥劳动、监督劳动的意志,因此管理与下列因素相联系( BD )A.生产力B.生产关系C.社会化大生产D.社会制度E.科学技术12.管理学作为一门不精确的、有待于发展的科学,具有以下特点( ACDE )A.一般性B.专业性C.多样性D.历史性E.实践性13.推动现代社会发展的、缺一不可的“两个轮子”是( CE )A.丰富的资源与先进的技术B.科学技术与管理人才C.先进的科技D.发达的科技与管理水平E先进的管理14.学习与研究管理学的一般方法有以下三个( ABD )A.唯物辩证法B.系统方法C.科学管理方法D.理论联系实际方法E.管理过程方法15.从管理的角度看,系统包含有两个含义,它们分别是( BD )A.系统是一个有机整体B.系统是一个实体,例如组织C.系统从属于环境超系统D.系统是一种方法或手段E.系统的维持依赖于反馈信息16.当把管理过程或活动看作实体的系统时,它具有如下几个特征( ABCDE )A.整体性B.目的性C.开放性和交换性D.相互依存性E.控制性17.学习和研究管理学的具体方法有( BCDE )A.系统方法B.比较法C.案例分析法D.综合法E.分析法18.管理逐渐形成理论并得到重视,在历史上经历过二次大的转折,它们是( AD )A.泰罗制的出现B.社会化大生产的出现C.十月革命以后D.第二次世界大战以后E.工业革命以后19.管理学研究生产力方面的内容包括( AE )A.组织中人、财、物的配置问题B.调动各方面积极性与创造问题C.环境适应问题D.产权问题E.寻求最佳经济效益与社会效益问题20.管理学所研究的生产关系方面的内容包括( AC )A. 组织内部人际关系问题B.合理配置人财物问题C.完善组织机构与管理体制问题D.使规章制度与上层建筑保持一致问题E.环境适应问题三、名词解释管理学；系统；系统的方法；主管人员；四、问答题系统的特征15；系统的观点及其内容；管理的基本特征；科学技术与管理的关系；掌握管理的两重性，对于学习管理学和从事管理工作的意义；管理学的特点；为什么要学习、研究管理学；学习和研究管理学的方法；五、论述题如何理解管理既是一门科学又是一门艺术，实际工作中如何运用；管理二重性及其现实意义6；第二章管理学的形成一、单项选择题1.泰罗的科学管理理论出现在( A )A.19世纪末20世纪初B.20世纪初30年代C.20世纪40年代D.20世纪60年代2.泰罗认为工人和雇主双方都必须来一次( D )A.管理培训B.管理实践C.劳动竞赛D.心理革命3.新古典管理理论的形成发展主要是( C )A.从18世纪到19世纪末B.从20世纪初到20世纪30年代C.从20世纪30年代到20世纪60年代D.从20世纪60年代至今4.马克斯韦伯的理论属于_____A______A.理想行政组织体系理论B.人际关系理论C.科学管理理论D.行为科学理论5.古典管理理论阶段的代表性理论是( A )A.科学管理理论B.管理科学理论C.行为科学理论D.权变理论6.在“管理科学理论”中,首先提出“系统分析”概念的是__C__.A.日本松下电器公司B.德国西门子公司C.美国兰德公司D.美国通用公司7.霍桑试验提出要重视管理中( B )A.物的因素B.人的因素C.工程技术方面因素D.人\事\物的结合8.泰罗是__B____--的代表人物之一A.管理萌芽阶段B.古典管理理论阶段C.新古典管理理论阶段D.现代管理理论阶段9.管理学形成的标志是____B______A.法约尔管理过程理论的出现B.泰罗科学管理理论的出现C.马克斯•韦伯组织理论的出现D.梅奥行为科学理论的出现10.科学管理的中心问题是____D____A.作业标准化B.计划工资制C.心理革命D.提高劳动生产率11.被称为组织理论之父的是____D_____A.泰罗B.萨伊C.法约尔D.韦伯12.马基雅维利的两类型领导者是指____A_______A.自然或天生型、后天获得型B.自然或天生型C.聪明和后天获得型D.内向和外向型13.古典管理理论中,把人视为_____A____A.经济人B.复杂人C.社会人D.自我实现人14.行为科学理论的形成和发展,处于管理学形成的___D____阶段.A.早期阶段B.萌芽阶段C.古典管理理论阶段D.新古典管理理论阶段15泰罗科学管理理论出现于（C ）阶段。

第一章管理与管理学一、简答1、管理具有哪些基本特征？2、简述管理的二重性。

3、简述梅奥的“人际关系学说”的基本内容。

4、简述“权变管理理论”的主要内容和特点。

5、简述麦格雷戈的“X-Y理论”。

6、简述西蒙的决策理论的主要内容。

二、论述1、什么是管理的二重性，它对管理实践的意义何在？2、试述管理科学性和艺术性的辩证关系。

3、试述现代管理具有代表性的理论以及现代管理理论的新突破。

4、结合实际，论述泰罗“科学管理”的借鉴意义及局限性。

第二章道德与社会责任一、名词解释道德社会责任二、问答题1、道德可分为几个层次？几个阶段？2、影响管理者道德素质的因素有哪些？3、企业的社会责任具体体现在哪些方面?三、论述题试述提高员工道德素质的途径。

第三章全球化管理一、问答题⒈什么是国际化经营？国际化经营经历了哪些发展阶段？⒉企业国际化经或的动机有哪些？⒊国际化经或要受到哪些环境要素的影响？⒋试从适用条件、特点、优缺点等方面比较不同的全球战略。

第四章信息与信息化管理一、问答题⒈组织中的信息管理工作通常包括哪些环节？每个环节的内容与特征各是什么？⒉一般意义上的信息系统由哪些要素构成？以计算机为基础的信息系统具有什么样的特征？⒊何谓开环MRP？其基本构成及逻辑关系是什么？⒋何谓闭环MRP？它与开环MRP有何区别？⒌与物料需求计划相比，制造资源计划（MRPII）有何改进？⒍与MRPII相比，ERP有何进步？第五章决策与决策方法一、简答题1．简述决策的基本过程2．简述正确决策的基本要求二、计算1．据市场预测，今后几年市场对某公司产品的需求会扩大（概率0.7），但也存在着销售量减少的可能（概率0.3），公司面临几种可能的选择：第一：扩建厂房更新设备，需投资700万元，若需求量扩大，公司每年可获利300万元；若需求量减少公司每年亏损50万元，服务期限5年。

第二：使用老厂房，更新设备，需投资400万元，若需求扩大，每年可获利100万元，若需求减少，每年也可获利60万元，服务期限5年。

页眉《管理学原理》习题集参考答案第一章简答题1、随着市场环境急剧变化，创新成为企业生存的一项重要职能，管理者应如何处理创新和维持企业平稳运作的关系？答：树立创新的观念是企业生存的基本要求，企业管理者应在保证企业运作平稳的前提下，从以下几方面为创新创造条件：（1）始终追踪、及时发现环境的变化。

（2）制定长期发展战略，将企业的长期平稳运作和创新均纳入战略。

（3）建立灵活的组织结构，增强对环境的适应能力。

（4）建立有利于创新的组织文化。

2、管理的有效性体现在什么地方？（“正确地做正确的事”表明对管理的何种要求？）答：（1）管理的效果要求实现组织目标（2）管理的效率要求对组织资源进行优化配置（3）管理追求的是效率与效果的统一，即效率与效果的双重优化（4）管理有效性其实质是正确地作正确的事3、为什么说管理是有目的无目标的活动？（或管理是否可以独立存在？）答：（1）管理是服务于组织目标的实现的有意识、有目的的活动，管理的目的隶属和服务于具有特定使命和目标的组织（2）管理不具有自己的目标，不能为管理而管理，只能服务于组织目标的实现4、系统与权变管理思想的观点是什么？有何价值？答：（1）组织是一个由相互依存的众多要素构成的开放系统（2）强调环境或情景因素，需要根据具体的环境条件的不同而采取相应不同的管理方式（3）将研究的重点转移到对管理行动有重大影响的环境因素上（4）没有一成不变、普遍适用的管理理论与方法5、你如何理解企业经营发展中的“天时”、“地利”、“人和”？答：（1）“天时”主要是指国家的政策、外部机会等（2）“地利”包括地理位置、气候条件、资源赋存（3）“人和”包括“人”：人力资源（数量、结构）与“和”：团队、精神6、概念技能在组织高层管理人员制定战略决策中的作用体现在哪些方面？答：页脚页眉（1）概念技能是指综观全局，认清为什么要做某事的能力，也就是洞察企业与环境相互影响之复杂性的能力。

（2）战略决策是确定与企业发展方向和远景有关的大政方针政策，一般指时间较长，范围较大的全局性问题。

《管理学原理》三习题第一章管理与管理者一、预习题1、管理学的很多理论都是西方学者根据各国管理实践提出的，我们在学习时为什么不能全盘接收？2、通过学校的正规教育，能培养出合格的管理者吗？管理学学了就能用吗？3、你认为泰勒的科学管理的主要贡献是什么？4、“泰勒和法约尔给予我们一些明确的管理原则，而权变方法却说一切取决于当时的情境，我们倒退了七八十年，一套明确的原则退回到一套不明确的和模糊的指导方针上去了。

”你是否同意这种说法，为什么？二、复习题1、效果好的企业都有效率吗？请讨论。

如果你必须在效率和效果之间做出选择，哪一个更重要，为什么？2、大学老师是一名管理者吗？分别从职能观和角色观的角度来讨论。

3、学习管理的两重性有何现实意义？4、如何理解管理的科学性与艺术性？5、泰勒的科学管理理论的内容？6、人群关系理论的主要内容是什么？7、现代管理理论的丛林有哪些代表学派？其代表人物和主要观点是什么？三、练习题1．______职能本身并没有某种特有的表现形式，总是在与其他管理职能的结合中表现自身的存在与价值。

A．计划 B．组织 C.领导 D．控制 E．创新2．为了保证目标及为此而制订的计划得以实现，就需要有______职能。

A．计划 B．组织 C.领导 D．控制 E．创新3．管理者在处理与组织成员和其他利益相关者的关系时，他们就在扮演______。

A．人际角色 B．信息角色 C．决策角色4．在_____中，管理者处理信息并得出结论。

A．人际角色 B．信息角色 C决策角色5．在同不合作的供应商进行谈判的时候，管理者扮演的是______。

A．企业家角色 B．干扰应对者角色 C.资源分配者6．对于基层管理而言，最重要的是______。

A．技术技能 B．人际技能 C.概念技能7．______对于高层管理最重要，对于中层管理较重要，对于基层管理不重要。

A.技术技能 B．人际技能 C．概念技能8．______对于所有层次管理的重要性大体相同。

习题集第一章思想一、判断题1、管理学反映了管理过程的客观规律性，具有显著的科学性。

但是，管理过程中的诸多不确定因素使管理本身无法完全量化，故而只是一种不精确的科学。

（T）2、管理主要的目的是使资源成本最小化，因此管理最主要的是追求效率。

（ F ）3、效率与效果之间的差别可表述为：效果是使组织资源的利用成本达到最小化，而效率则是使组织活动实现预定的目标。

（ F）4、不同行业中及不同的组织部专业特点差别显著，很难说管理活动有什麽共性。

（ F）5、新的管理理论层出不穷，对实际工作中的新问题做出了较好的解释，因此可以说，泰勒的科学管理理论等古典管理理论已经彻底过时，除了尚存历史意义外，对管理实践早已丧失了指导作用。

（ F ）6、主通过与管理者职能相联系的办法把有关管理知识汇集起来，力图把用于管理实践的概念、原则、理论和方法糅合在一起以形成管理学科的学派是管理过程学派。

（T）7、与韦伯的行政组织理论相匹配的组织是以制度为中心运转的等级化、专业化的金字塔性的组织。

（ T ）8、管理科学是把科学的原理、方法和工具应用于管理的各种活动，制定用于管理决策的数学和统计模型，并把这些模型通过计算机应用于管理减低不确定性，最大限度地提高了管理活动的程序性，代表着管理理论的发展趋势，因此优于其它的管理理论。

（ F ）9.马克斯·韦伯的行政组织是有机式组织。

（ F ）10.企业部环境包括竞争对手、顾客、供应者、政府机构、利益集团。

（ F ）二、选择题1、将管理要素按目标的要求结合成一个整体，体现了管理的（ B ）职能。

A. 计划B. 组织C. 领导D. 控制2、粗略划分，管理有（ABCD ）职能。

A. 计划B. 组织C. 领导D. 控制3、下列（ C ）性质不属于管理的特性。

A. 综合性B. 应用性C. 精确性D. 艺术性4、要确保“事有人做，人有事做；事得其人，人得其事”，需做好管理中的（B ）工作。

A. 计划B. 组织C. 领导D. 控制5、管理的职能也就是管理工作中所包含的几类基本活动。

第一章1.管理是一种在正式组织内由一个或更多的人来协调其他人活动的活动过程。

2.由于每个企业能投入生产过程的资源都是有限的，整个社会能用于社会生产的资源也是有限的，所以就要求通过有效的管理来提高资源的使用效率，使有限的资源得到有效的运用，以可用的资源尽可能多地实现某种想要完成的任务或目标。

否则，管理就会失去它的必要性。

3.因为管理并不是促进组织目标有效实现的唯一作用力。

组织成效的高低，除了受管理成效影响外，还受到其他一些因素的影响。

4.①活动主体不同：管理活动的主体是管理者，而业务活动的主体是业务活动者。

②活动内容不同：管理活动具有普遍性和全局性，而业务活动具有特殊性和局部性。

③活动的直接目标不同：管理活动的直接目标是协调业务活动，使业务活动能有效地实现组织目标，而业务活动的直接目标是实现组织的目标。

5.⑴组织中的管理者是从事管理活动的人。

⑵特点：①管理者所从事的是协调组织中被管理者活动的活动。

②管理者对组织目标的实现起间接贡献作用。

③管理者在组织中的行为是受双重人格影响和作用的。

④管理者在履行各种管理职能时，考虑问题的出发点是组织整体的利益追求及组织中各个方面相互之间的联系与关系。

6.①高层管理者：侧重思想（概念）技能。

高层管理者要能够总揽全局，判断出重要因素并了解这些因素之间的关系，用观念进行宏观调控。

同时，人际技能对其也很重要。

②中层管理者：侧重人际技能和思想（概念）技能。

中层管理者的位置特殊，处于高层管理者和基层管理者的过渡位置。

中层管理者既要得到高层管理者的赏识，又要得到基层管理者的信任。

所以人际技能对中层管理者尤为重要。

③基层管理者：侧重技术技能。

基层管理者直接面对员工，这就要求其具备专业知识，技术技能就显得最为重要。

同时，具备人际技能在同下属的频繁交往中也非常有帮助。

7.①研究管理活动的规律性，学习管理的科学理论，掌握新的管理方法。

②在管理实践中不断提高自己的管理艺术水平。

③有效地利用自己与被管理者的时间。

Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.“Principles of Scientific Management” was writ ten by Frederick Taylor.Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.Decisions on determining a company’s optimum inventory le vels have been significantly influenced by economic order quantity modeling.Barnard, Follet, Musterberg, and Owen are all theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach. Multiple ChoiceAdam Smith's, "The Wealth of Nations," put forth that the primary economic advantage by societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?a. management planning and controlb. on-the-job trainingc. union representationd. fair employment legislatione. division of laborWhich of the following is not one of the four management approaches that grew out of the first half of this century?a. scientific managementb. general administrativec. organizational behaviord. systems approache. quantitativeAccording to the text, probably the best-known example of Taylor’s scientific management was the ______________ experiment.a.horse shoeb.pig ironc.blue collard.fish tankWhich of the following is NOT one of Taylor’s four principles of management?a.Develop a science for each eleme nt of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesdeveloped.d.Provide managers will less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.General administrative theory focuses ona.the entire organization.b. managers and administrators.c. the measurement of organizational design relationships.d. primarily the accounting function.e. administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees.The fourteen principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Gilbrethe. FayolWhich of the following approaches to management has also been labeled operations research or management science?a.The qualitative approachb.The quantitative approachc.The experimental approachd.The theoretical approachWhich of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?a. information modelsb. critical-path schedulingc. systematic motivation of individualsd. linear programminge. statisticsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a.Taylor Studies.b.Porter Studies.c.Parker Studies.d.Hawthorne Studies.What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?a. Adamsb. Mayoc. Lawlerd. Barnarde. FollettOne outcome of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a.Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior.b.Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c.Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d.Security is relatively unimportant.e.While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is mostimportant.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteen-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting. Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with "Mr. Peebodi" as her guide, she was traveling in the "Management Way Back Machine" that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain froma. time management.b. division of labor.c. group work.d. quality management.e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must bea. Adam Smith.b. Frank Gilbreth.c. Henry Gantt.d. Frederick Taylor.e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates ofa. scientific management.b. organizational behavior.c. human resource management.d. motivation.e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a "therblig."a. Henry Ganttb. Max Weberc. Chester Barnardd. Frank Gilbrethe. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was conti nually appalled by workers’ inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible.Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict.Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, whi ch will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that al work is done in accordance with the principles ofthe science that has been developed.d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.(difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing the bricklayer’s job, he reduced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classificationscheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements.(moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next li st and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production, distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity common to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in all organizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa.Division of work. – specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.b.Authority – managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority,however, goes responsibility.c.Discipline – employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.d.Unity of command – every employee should receive orders from only one superior.e.Unity of direction – the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.f.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest – the interests of any one employee or group ofemployees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.g.Remuneration – workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.h.Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.i.Scalar chain – the line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks in the scalar chain.j.Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.k.Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.l.Stability of tenure of personnel –management should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.m.Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.n.Esprit de corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.(difficult)124. In a short essay, discuss Max Weber’s contribution to the general administrative approach to management.AnswerMax Weber was a German sociologist who studied organizational activity. Writing in the early 1900s, he developed a theory of authority structures and relations. Weber describes an ideal type of organization he calleda bureaucracy—a form or organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailedrules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Weber recognized that this “ideal bureaucracy” didn’t exist in reality. Instead he intended it as a basis for theorizing about work and how work could be done in large groups. His theory became the model structural design for many or today’s large organizations.(easy)TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR125. In a short essay, describe the Hawthorne Studies. Next, discuss the role of Elton Mayo in these studies and some of the findings of his research.AnswerWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing OB field came out of the Hawthorne Studies,a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies wereinitially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various illumination levels on worker productivity. Based on their research, it wasconcluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity. In 1927, the Western Electric engineers asked Harvard professor Elton Mayo and his associates to join the study as consultants.Through additional research, Elton Mayo concluded that behavior affected individual behavior, that group standards establish individual worker output, and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the human behavior factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals.(difficult)CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES126. In a short essay, define entrepreneurship and discuss the three import themes that stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship.AnswerEntrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts and means to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled. It involves the discovery of opportunities and the resources to exploit them. Three important themes stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship. First, is the pursuit of opportunities. Entrepreneurship is about pursuing environmental trends and changes that no one else has seen or paid attention to. The second important theme in entrepreneurship is innovation. Entrepreneurship involves changing, revolutionizing, transforming, and introducing new approaches—that is, new products or services of new ways of doing business. The final important theme in entrepreneurship is growth. Entrepreneurs pursue growth. They are not content to stay small or to stay the same in size. Entrepreneurs want their businesses to grow and work very hard to pursue growth as they continually look for trends and continue to innovate new products and new approaches.(moderate)127. In a short essay, define e-business and e-commerce. Next discuss the three categories of e-business involvement.AnswerE-business (electronic business) is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic Internet-based) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers, suppliers, and partners) in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than e-commerce, although e-business can include e-commerce. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of e-business involvement an e-business enhanced organization, a traditional organization that sets up e-business capabilities, usually e-commerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type organizations are evolving into e-businesses using this approach. They use the Internet to enhance (not to replace) their traditional ways of doing business. Another category of e-business involvement is an e-business enabled organization. In this type of e-business, an organization uses the Internet to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Internet enables organizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous organizations using electronic linkages to communicate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of e-business involvement is when an organization becomes a total e-business. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Internet.(moderate)128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovati on and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s organizations.AnswerInnovation has been called the most precious capability that any organization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an organization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure.In a survey about what makes an organization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list. There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s organizations and managers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable.(easy)129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept.AnswerA quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. Thegeneric term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired bya small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM is aphilosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.The objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement in work processes. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity.The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Managementa.Intense Focus on the customer –the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the organization’sproducts or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) whointeract with and serve others in the organization.b.Concern for continual improvement –TQM is a commitment to never being satisfied. “Very good” is notgood enough. Quality can always be improved.c.Process-focused –TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continuallyimproved.d.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does –TQM uses a very broad definition ofquality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the organization handles deliveries, howrapidly it responds to complaints, and how politely the phones are answered.e.Accurate measurement –TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in theorganization’s operations. These are compared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, tracethem to their roots, and eliminate their causes.f.Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teams arewidely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems.(difficult)130. In a short essay, describe the learning organization and discuss the concept of knowledge management.AnswerToday’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constant innovations in information and computer technologies combined with the globalization of markets have created a chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply. Successful organizations of the twenty-first century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge bas e, and make needed changes. In other words, these organizations will need to be learning organizations. A learning organization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the organization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge management involves cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance.(moderate)Answer:TTTFT TFTT EDBDA EBCDB ABDAD。

第一章企业运作的源头1. 所有组织的一个基本目标是能长期生存下来去贯彻基本宗旨。

(√2. 完成计划是组织的最终目的。

(√3. 管理人员通过对资源进行组合和协调来实现组织目标。

(√4. 企业以盈利为唯一目的,因此管理人员的管理活动应紧紧围绕盈利这一中心。

(×5. 宗旨是公司的宪法,是全公司上下的行为准则。

(√第二章管理者与管理6. 对于管理,最形象的描述是___C. A和B _____。

7. 管理理论以___ B. 组织_____为核心。

8. 以下不属于管理职能的是___C. 有效获取资源 ____。

9. 管理者应该承担哪种类型的角色___ D.全部皆是 ____。

10. 法约尔所提出的企业6项经营职能是指:技术职能、营业职能、财务职能、保养、安全职 ( 11. 按照现代的观点,管理的职能包括计划、组织、领导和控制。

(√12. 法约尔提出的管理职能中包括了指挥、协调两大职能,现代理论则以领导取而代之。

(√ 13. 泰勒教授提出,管理就是决策。

(×14. 作为管理者,我们应该把员工利益放在首位。

(√15. 管人理事这个管理的概念,告诉我们要先管人,后理事。

(√16. 实行末位淘汰制可以从根本上调动员工的积极性。

(×17. 管理的任务就是解决企业怎么做和愿意做的问题。

(√18. 管理的目的,就是设计和维持一个良好的工作环境,使员工在这个环境里能积极而主动, 热情而高效并愉快地工作,使组织完成任务(√19. 效率是指正确的做事。

(√20. 效能是指正确的做事。

(×第三章管理的原则21. 法约尔提出了管理的__22. 统一领导原则是指__ _____。

23. 厌倦是______所容易催生的一种情绪状态。

24. 创新精神、人员的稳定、等级系列、公平都是管理原则的内容。

(√25. 现代企业管理需要学雷锋。

(√26. 实现组织秩序要求和员工首创欲望之间往往出现矛盾。

管理学章节练习题第二章1.古典管理理论认为，人是（）A.经济人（正确答案）B.自我实现人C.复杂人D.社会人2.以下哪部著作是对霍桑实验的总结（）A.《经济的职能》8.《管理决策新科学》C.《管理备案》D.《工业文明的人类问题》（正确答案）9.法约尔管理理论的代表作是（）A.《车间管理》10《管理决策新科学》C.《工业管理和一般管理》（正确答案）D.《全面质量管理》4.群体行为学派最早的研究活动开始于（）A.铁锹试验B.霍桑试验（正确答案）C.搬运生铁块试验D.金属切削试验5.社会技术系统学派认为管理人员的主要任务之一就是协调社会合作系统与A.信息系统B.管理系统C.技术系统（正确答案）B.《管理的革命》C.《工业文明的人类问题》(正确答案)D.《管理的实践》49.当全球一体化的压力和当地化的压力都比拟低时，跨国企业将采取()的竞争策略A.多国模式B.国际模式(正确答案)C.跨国模式D.全球模式50.关于组织业务流程再造，不正确的表达是()A.是企业长期可持续开展的战略需要B.根本目标是建立顾客满意的工作流程C.追求实现目标、技术和人的动态平衡D.分割成各种简单的任务，将注意力集中于本部门或个别任务效率的提高上(正确答案)51.最早实行著名的“六西格玛管理”活动的公司是()A.德国西门子公司B.日本松下公司C.法国阿尔卡特公司D.美国摩托罗拉公司(正确答案)52.以下属于信息形态的是()A.文字B.图形C.报表(正确答案)D.单据53.从管理的角度看，会计对各种发票和单据进行分类登录、汇总和其他的加工处理，制成的满足不同需要的帐册、报表和分析资料，对于管理者而言是()A.数据B.信息（正确答案）C.财务资料D.财务报表54. 一般认为管理过程理论之父、科学管理之父、组织管理之父，分别是（）A.泰罗、法约尔、韦伯B.法约尔、韦伯、泰罗C.韦伯、泰罗、法约尔D.法约尔、泰罗、韦伯（正确答案）55.切斯特•巴纳德将组织看成是一个（）,在组织中人们应该相互合作A.乌托邦式的工作场所B.理想的官僚行政机构C.社会系统（正确答案）D.权威与自由结合的地方56.“物以类聚，人以群分”这一现象用下面哪一理论可以最适当地予以解释A. X-Y理论B.非正式组织理论（正确答案）C.需求层次理论D.系统管理理论57.上层人员着重培养（）能力，下层人员着重培养（）能力A.管理、管理B.管理、职业（正确答案）C.职业、职业D.职业、管理58.将经营与管理进行明确界定的管理学家是（）A.法约尔（正确答案）B.泰勒C.梅奥D.马斯洛59.权变管理的基本思想是：管理的方式和技术要随着企业的()的变化而变化，所以在管理因变数和环境自变数之间存在一种函数关系A.内外环境(正确答案)B.任务性质C.领导品质D.个性特征60.请问以下哪种说法是正确的()A.分工观点和经济人观点是亚当・斯密对管理理论开展的贡献(正确答案)B.《计件工资制》、《车间管理》和《科学管理》都是法约尔的代表作C.公司再造理论基础是亚当・斯密的分工理论D.在《社会组织与经济组织理论》一书中，他最早提出一套比拟完整的行政组织体系理论，因此被称之为“组织理论之父”，他就是法国古典管理理论的代表马克思・韦伯61.请问以下哪种说法是正确的()A.在管理思想的开展史上，最早用系统观点研究管理的是巴纳德(正确答案)B.按照“法约尔桥”的原理，同级之间不允许横向交流沟通C.马克思•韦伯是行为管理理论的代表人物之一D.霍桑试验说明了“经济人”假设的正确性62.请问以下哪种说法是正确的()A.人们通常所说的西方现代管理理论不是指一种管理理论，而是对各种不同管理学派理论的统称(正确答案)B. “管理理论丛林”现象的存在，意味着管理理论的不成熟C.权变管理理论就是考虑到组织内部条件的变数同相应的管理观念和技术之间的关系，使采用的管理观念和技术能有效地到达目标D.决策理论学派提出了决策过程中应遵循“最优化原那么”D.组织系统6. “管理机构从最高一级到最低一级应该建立关系明确的职权等级系列”指的是法约尔管理十四原那么中的哪一项（）A.统一指挥原那么B.统一领导原那么C.等级链原那么（正确答案）D.集中化原那么7.主张通过分析经验来研究管理学问题的学派是（）A.管理过程学派8.社会合作系统学派C.案例学派（正确答案）D.决策理论学派9.把数学和统计学等应用于管理领域的学派是（）A.权变理论学派10社会合作学派C.管理科学学派（正确答案）D.管理过程学派11认为没有“放之四海而皆准”的普遍适用的“最好的”管理学派是（）A.权变理论学派（正确答案）12社会合作学派C.管理科学学派D.管理过程学派10.战略管理提出的根本原因主要在于（）A.组织规模的扩大B.组织内部的专业化分工C.外部环境的变化（正确答案）D.员工素质的提高11.著名的“搬运生铁块”和“铁锹实验”是以下哪位做的（）A.法约尔B.甘特C.泰罗（正确答案）D.萨伊12.实行职能工长制是属于要点（）A.管理过程理论B.行为科学理论C.人际关系学说D.科学管理理论（正确答案）13.被人们称为“动作专家”的是（）A.亨利・甘特B.泰罗C.李维特D.吉尔布雷斯（正确答案）14.管理学形成的标志是（）A.泰罗科学管理理论（正确答案）B.法约尔管理过程理论C.韦伯理想行政组织理论D.梅奥的霍桑实验结论15.科学管理中能表达权力下放的分权尝试原理的是（）A.差异计件工资制B.职能原那么C.例外原理（正确答案）D.工时研究16.科学管理的基础是（）A.差异计件工资制B.工时研究（正确答案）C.例外原理D.职能原理17.科学管理学派把组织中的人看作（）A.经济人（正确答案）B.社会人C.自我实现人D.复杂人18. 一般认为管理过程学派的创始人是（）A.泰罗B.法约尔（正确答案）C.韦伯D.德鲁克19.用来描述经济和社会环境的基本轮廓的3c是指竞争、顾客和（）A.信息B.联系C.变化（正确答案）D.质量20.研究一定群体中人的行为，而不是一般的人际关系和个人行为的理论学派是指（）A.沟通中心学派B.群体行为学派（正确答案）C.社会合作学派D.社会技术系统学派21.决策理论学派的代表人物是（）A.韦伯B.孔茨C.巴纳德D.西蒙（正确答案）22. 20世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是（）A.泰罗B.甘特(正确答案)C.维纳D.穆登23.法约尔提出的管理职能是()A.计划、组织、人员配备、领导、控制B.计划、决策、组织、领导、控制C.计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制(正确答案)D.计划、组织、领导、协调、控制24.提出重视人的因素是()A.条件反射试验B.霍桑试验(正确答案)C.铁锹试验D.工厂照明试验25.提出管理十四项原那么的是()A.泰罗B.韦伯C.梅奥D.法约尔(正确答案)26.着重研究提高劳动生产率的理论是()A.科学管理理论(正确答案)B.管理过程理论C.理想行政组织理论D.行为科学理论27.行为科学理论认为，人是()A.经济人B.自我实现人C.复杂人D.社会人（正确答案）28.梅奥对其领导的霍桑试验进行总结，认为工人是（）A.经济人B.社会人（正确答案）C.理性人D.复杂人29.在人类历史上第一次使管理上升为科学的理论是（）A.科学管理（正确答案）B.行为科学C. 一般管理理论D.管理科学30.六西格玛管理中，“百万机会缺陷数”中的“缺陷”指的是（）A.产品质量导致顾客不满的情况31产品价格导致顾客不满的情况C.产品售后服务导致顾客不满的情况D.所有导致顾客不满的情况（正确答案）32.上级管理人员把一般的日常事务授权给下级管理人员去处理，而自己只保留对例外事项的决策和监督权，这是泰罗所提倡的（）A.职能工长制B.工作定额原理C.例外原那么（正确答案）D.心理革命33.为了提高劳动生产率，泰罗实行了（）A.平均奖金制34差异计件工资制（正确答案）C.平均工资制D.计件工资制35.企业业务流程再造的根本目标是（）A.建立顾客满意的工作流程（正确答案）B.创造员工满意的一流环境C.建立管理者高校统一的激励制度D.维护消费者合法权益36.关于管理中的例外原那么，以下哪种理解最为合适（）A.上级将一般日常事务授权给下级去处理，自己只从事重大的、非程序化问题的决策B.上级只接受下级关于超出标准的例外情况的报告C.上级将一般的日常事务全权交由下级处理，自己只保存对例外事项的决定和监督权D.上级在授予下级日常事务处理权的同时，保存对其执行结果的监督权，并集中精力处理例外事件（正确答案）37. 一般管理理论代表人物法约尔提出了管理中具有普遍意义的十四条原那么。

管理学原理第2章练习1【单选题】PEST分析法的主要应用于（）A、宏观环境分析B、微观环境分析C、公司内部优势分析D、公司内部劣势分析我的答案：A2【单选题】SWOT分析法的主要分析内容是（）A、宏观环境分析B、微观环境分析C、公司内部优势与劣势D、公司内部优势与劣势，外部机会与威胁我的答案：D3【单选题】PEST中的P 表示（）A、政治及法律环境B、经济环境C、社会与文化环境D、技术环境我的答案：A4【单选题】BCG矩阵中“现金牛”业务应该采取（）战略A、增长型B、维持型C、选择型D、放弃型我的答案：B5【单选题】头脑风暴法的几点要求中，不包括（）A、鼓励新、奇、特B、严禁批评C、要有权威性领导D、主持人要特别善于调动大家的情绪我的答案：C6【多选题】以下属于波特五力模型所包括的内容有（）A、竞争者（现有竞争者、潜在竞争者）的能力B、客户讨价还价的能力C、替代品替代的能力D、供应商讨价还价的能力我的答案：ABCD7【多选题】PEST的分析内容包括（）A、政治及法律环境分析B、经济环境分析C、社会与文化环境分析D、技术环境分析我的答案：ABCD8【多选题】下列分析方法中，适用于企业外部环境分析的有（）。

A、PEST分析法B、波特五力模型C、SWOT分析D、BCG矩阵我的答案：AB9【多选题】总体经营环境分析方法――PEST分析框架法中政治和法律影响因素包括( )。

A、政府财政状况B、政府预算规模C、货币政策D、居民消费倾向和消费模式E、价格水平和变化趋势我的答案：ABC10【多选题】采用SWOT分析方法对企业内外部环境进行综合分析。

其中影响企业制定经营发展战略的内部因素有（）。

A、优势B、劣势C、机会D、威胁我的答案：AB11【多选题】根据波特的五力模型，下列各项中可以提高顾客议价能力的原因有（）。

A、购买商主要为零散的个人，但是通过协议方式进行集体大量购买产品B、市场上的替代产品多C、购买商对于产品的性能、规格、质量以及售价信息很了解D、购买商对于产品的供应时间要求迫切我的答案：ABC12【多选题】根据波特五力模型，下列因素中可影响一个行业面临的潜在风险的有（）。

Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.“Principles of Scientific Management” was writ ten by Frederick Taylor.Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.Decisions on determining a company’s optimum inventory le vels have been significantly influenced by economic order quantity modeling.Barnard, Follet, Musterberg, and Owen are all theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach. Multiple ChoiceAdam Smith's, "The Wealth of Nations," put forth that the primary economic advantage by societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?a. management planning and controlb. on-the-job trainingc. union representationd. fair employment legislatione. division of laborWhich of the following is not one of the four management approaches that grew out of the first half of this century?a. scientific managementb. general administrativec. organizational behaviord. systems approache. quantitativeAccording to the text, probably the best-known example of Taylor’s scientific management was the ______________ experiment.a.horse shoeb.pig ironc.blue collard.fish tankWhich of the following is NOT one of Taylor’s four principles of management?a.Develop a science for each eleme nt of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesdeveloped.d.Provide managers will less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.General administrative theory focuses ona.the entire organization.b. managers and administrators.c. the measurement of organizational design relationships.d. primarily the accounting function.e. administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees.The fourteen principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Gilbrethe. FayolWhich of the following approaches to management has also been labeled operations research or management science?a.The qualitative approachb.The quantitative approachc.The experimental approachd.The theoretical approachWhich of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?a. information modelsb. critical-path schedulingc. systematic motivation of individualsd. linear programminge. statisticsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a.Taylor Studies.b.Porter Studies.c.Parker Studies.d.Hawthorne Studies.What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?a. Adamsb. Mayoc. Lawlerd. Barnarde. FollettOne outcome of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a.Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior.b.Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c.Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d.Security is relatively unimportant.e.While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is mostimportant.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteen-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting. Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with "Mr. Peebodi" as her guide, she was traveling in the "Management Way Back Machine" that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain froma. time management.b. division of labor.c. group work.d. quality management.e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must bea. Adam Smith.b. Frank Gilbreth.c. Henry Gantt.d. Frederick Taylor.e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates ofa. scientific management.b. organizational behavior.c. human resource management.d. motivation.e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a "therblig."a. Henry Ganttb. Max Weberc. Chester Barnardd. Frank Gilbrethe. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was conti nually appalled by workers’ inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible.Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict.Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, whi ch will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that al work is done in accordance with the principles ofthe science that has been developed.d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.(difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing the bricklayer’s job, he reduced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classificationscheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements.(moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next li st and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production, distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity common to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in all organizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa.Division of work. – specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.b.Authority – managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority,however, goes responsibility.c.Discipline – employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.d.Unity of command – every employee should receive orders from only one superior.e.Unity of direction – the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.f.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest – the interests of any one employee or group ofemployees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.g.Remuneration – workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.h.Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.i.Scalar chain – the line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks in the scalar chain.j.Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.k.Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.l.Stability of tenure of personnel –management should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.m.Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.n.Esprit de corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.(difficult)124. In a short essay, discuss Max Weber’s contribution to the general administrative approach to management.AnswerMax Weber was a German sociologist who studied organizational activity. Writing in the early 1900s, he developed a theory of authority structures and relations. Weber describes an ideal type of organization he calleda bureaucracy—a form or organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailedrules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Weber recognized that this “ideal bureaucracy” didn’t exist in reality. Instead he intended it as a basis for theorizing about work and how work could be done in large groups. His theory became the model structural design for many or today’s large organizations.(easy)TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR125. In a short essay, describe the Hawthorne Studies. Next, discuss the role of Elton Mayo in these studies and some of the findings of his research.AnswerWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing OB field came out of the Hawthorne Studies,a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies wereinitially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various illumination levels on worker productivity. Based on their research, it wasconcluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity. In 1927, the Western Electric engineers asked Harvard professor Elton Mayo and his associates to join the study as consultants.Through additional research, Elton Mayo concluded that behavior affected individual behavior, that group standards establish individual worker output, and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the human behavior factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals.(difficult)CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES126. In a short essay, define entrepreneurship and discuss the three import themes that stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship.AnswerEntrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts and means to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled. It involves the discovery of opportunities and the resources to exploit them. Three important themes stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship. First, is the pursuit of opportunities. Entrepreneurship is about pursuing environmental trends and changes that no one else has seen or paid attention to. The second important theme in entrepreneurship is innovation. Entrepreneurship involves changing, revolutionizing, transforming, and introducing new approaches—that is, new products or services of new ways of doing business. The final important theme in entrepreneurship is growth. Entrepreneurs pursue growth. They are not content to stay small or to stay the same in size. Entrepreneurs want their businesses to grow and work very hard to pursue growth as they continually look for trends and continue to innovate new products and new approaches.(moderate)127. In a short essay, define e-business and e-commerce. Next discuss the three categories of e-business involvement.AnswerE-business (electronic business) is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic Internet-based) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers, suppliers, and partners) in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than e-commerce, although e-business can include e-commerce. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of e-business involvement an e-business enhanced organization, a traditional organization that sets up e-business capabilities, usually e-commerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type organizations are evolving into e-businesses using this approach. They use the Internet to enhance (not to replace) their traditional ways of doing business. Another category of e-business involvement is an e-business enabled organization. In this type of e-business, an organization uses the Internet to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Internet enables organizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous organizations using electronic linkages to communicate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of e-business involvement is when an organization becomes a total e-business. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Internet.(moderate)128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovati on and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s organizations.AnswerInnovation has been called the most precious capability that any organization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an organization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure.In a survey about what makes an organization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list. There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s organizations and managers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable.(easy)129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept.AnswerA quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. Thegeneric term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired bya small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM is aphilosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.The objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement in work processes. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity.The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Managementa.Intense Focus on the customer –the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the organization’sproducts or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) whointeract with and serve others in the organization.b.Concern for continual improvement –TQM is a commitment to never being satisfied. “Very good” is notgood enough. Quality can always be improved.c.Process-focused –TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continuallyimproved.d.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does –TQM uses a very broad definition ofquality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the organization handles deliveries, howrapidly it responds to complaints, and how politely the phones are answered.e.Accurate measurement –TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in theorganization’s operations. These are compared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, tracethem to their roots, and eliminate their causes.f.Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teams arewidely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems.(difficult)130. In a short essay, describe the learning organization and discuss the concept of knowledge management.AnswerToday’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constant innovations in information and computer technologies combined with the globalization of markets have created a chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply. Successful organizations of the twenty-first century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge bas e, and make needed changes. In other words, these organizations will need to be learning organizations. A learning organization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the organization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge management involves cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance.(moderate)Answer:TTTFT TFTT EDBDA EBCDB ABDAD。

第一章管理、管理者与管理学一、单项选择题1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D二、多项选择题1.ABDE2.BCDE3.BCE4.ACDE5.ABCDE三、判断题1.×2. ×3.√4.×5. ×四、简答题1.简述组织的含义和类型。

组织是具有既定目标和正式结构的社会实体。

“社会实体”指组织是由两个或两个以上的人组成的；“既定目标”指组织要获得的预期效果；“正式结构”指组织任务是由组织成员分工协作完成的。

按照组织的社会功能划分，可分为经济组织、政治组织、文化组织和群众组织。

按组织的基本性质划分，可分为营利性组织和非营利性组织。

2.管理的含义是什么？管理是在一定环境中，组织中的管理者通过实施计划、组织、领导和控制等职能，有效地利用各种资源，以达到组织目标的过程。

这一定义包括以下含义：（1）管理是在一定的环境中进行的。

（2）管理是在一定的组织中进行的。

（3）管理的主体是管理者。

（4）管理的客体是组织中的各种资源。

（5）管理是一个过程。

（6）管理的目的是实现组织的目标。

3.简述管理职能和管理过程。

管理是由计划、组织、领导、控制这四个职能构建起来的。

管理是一个围绕实现组织目标而展开的复杂过程。

计划、组织、领导、控制四个职能构成了管理过程。

这个过程以计划为起点，制定好计划后，就要对组织内各构成素和活动进行组织，继而实施领导，然后对计划执行情况和组织运行情况进行控制，最后实现计划目标，这样就完成了一个管理过程。

之后再提出新的计划目标，开始新的循环。

管理过程就是这样一个不断地周而复始的运动过程。

4.为什么环境研究对于管理十分重要？任何组织的管理活动都是在一定的环境中进行的，要受到各种各样环境因素的影响。

一个组织要在特定的环境中生存和发展，就必须了解其所处的环境，并及时掌握环境的变化，分析、确定环境因素对组织的影响，针对各种环境因素的影响制定相应的对策，采取与环境变化相适应的管理形式和方法。

第二章管理理论的形成与发展✧考情提要第二章 管理理论的形成与发展题型/题量单选多选判断说明简答题论述题案例分析题总计（分）2015（10）113 2016（4）0 2016（10）114 2017（4）114 2017（10）1119✧逐题击破一、选择题1.梅奥的人际关系学说属于（）【单选】A.行为科学理论B.科学管理理论C.一般管理理论D.权变管理理论2.第一次提出管理五要素的是（）【单选】A.梅奧B.法约尔C.西蒙D.泰勒3.梅奥领导的霍桑试验得出了生产效率的高低主要取决于工人的态度等一系列结论，并在此基础上创立了（）【单选】A.古典管理理论B.人际关系理论C.决策理论D.系统管理理论4.提出“标准化原理”的学者是（）【单选】A.法约尔B.泰勒C.梅奥D.马斯洛5.在历史上第一次使管理从经验上升为科学的是（）。

【单选】A.科学管理理论B.管理科学理论C.管理过程理论D.行为科学理论6.“任何组织都必须以某种权力作为基础，才能实现目标，只有权力，才能变混乱为秩序。

”反映这一观点的理论是（）【单选】A.泰勒的科学管理理论B.巴纳德的社会合作理论C.韦伯的行政组织理论D.西蒙的决策理论7.马克思•韦伯的理论为分析实际生活中各组织形态提供了一种规范模型，这种理论是（）A.科学管理理论B.行为科学理论C.管理科学体系D.理想的行政组织体系8.在现代管理理论学派中，认为企业管理没有什么一成不变、普遍使用的“最佳的”管理理论和方法的学派是（）。

【单选】A.管理过程学派B.行为科学学派C.系统管理学派D.权变理论学派9.满意决策中“满意”标准的提出者是（）【单选】A.泰罗B.西蒙C.孔茨D.韦伯10.通过分析、比较和研究各种各样成功和失败的管理经验，抽象出管理的一般性的结论或原理的是哪一个学派的观点?（）【单选】A.社会合作学派B.经验或案例学派C.决策学派D.权变学派11.战略管理理论的特点是（）。

【单选】A.标准化、制度化B.长远性C.全面性、系统性、精确性D.重视人的因素12.古典管理理论主要是由以下哪几个学派构成的？（）【多选】A.科学管理理论B.一般管理理论C.行政组织理论D.行为科学理论E.决策理论13.以下属于亚当·斯密的观点的是（）【多选】A.提出了分工协作原理B.提出了生产合理化原理C.提出了“经济人”观点D.提出了“边际熟练原则”E.提出了“管理的机械原则”14.古典管理理论的主要特点（）。

王利平＜管理学原理＞教学习题(2008-01-30 21:08:26)转载标签：财经第1章管理的历史发展1、试述科学管理之前的管理发展。

2、为什么称泰罗为科学管理之父？3、法约尔对管理学的主要贡献是什么？4、什么是理想的行政组织？5、巴纳德理论的特征何在？6、梅奥人际关系学说的主要思想是什么？7、当代管理理论发展的特征是什么？8、试用历史唯物主义观点解释管理的历史演进。

9、为什么说科学化、理性化是管理发展的主要线索？第2章组织管理原理1、个体假设对管理学有何重要意义？2、管理学要把握个体的哪些基本特征？3、如何理解个体的行为和学习？4、什么是心理能量，学习与心理能量的关系如何？5、怎样理解正式组织的含义？6、简述正式组织三要素。

7、什么是非正式组织？非正式组织的特征有哪些？8、试述正式组织与非正式组织的关系？9、如何理解组织的正式侧面与非正式侧面？10、如何实现组织内部平衡？11、如何实现组织与环境的平衡？12、为什么需要实现组织动态平衡？13、什么是管理？如何把握管理概念？第3章中国的管理1、什么是天人合一管理观，天人合一观念在今天有有何价值？2、“维持生存性组织”和安人的管理之间是什么关系，安人的管理有没有积极意义？3、如何理解和把握中庸的管理？4、联系实际分析情感化管理的是非得失？5、试分析执经达权，通权达变的理想与现实？6、试述家族制、泛家族制的是非功过？7、如何理解“合情合理“？8、中国传统管理的优势与劣势何在？9、中国管理传统变革与创新的实质是什么？10、管理传统的变革是怎么发生的？传承与变革的机制又是怎样的？11、中国管理传统变革与创新的实质是什么？12、中国管理传统变革和创新的层次构成如何？13、中国管理传统变革和创新有哪些基本方面？14、如何创造现代管理确立的制度条件？15、如何在建设中国企业管理文化中创新传统？4章企业环境管理概述1、为什么企业研究和了解所处的环境非常重要？不了解环境对企业来说意味着什么？2、随着全球化的不断发展，跨国公司选择投资地点时，应当注意哪些环境因素？3、讨论一下，企业发展所必须作出的两种决策，在环境管理中的重要性何在。