南京英⽂介绍（全）NanjingLocated at the eastern part of China, Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province which is developed in economy in China and an important central city on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River.Nanjing is situated on the vast plain of the lower reaches of the Yangtse River and at 32??03'N, 118??47'E. It belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon climate zone where the four seasons are clearly demarcated, the annual mean temperature is 16??, the annual even precipitation is 1,106 mm and the frost-free period is 237 days.At present, Nanjing has jurisdiction over 10 districts and 5 counties,covering an area of 6,516 square kilometers and having a population of about 5,200,000. Nowadays, Nanjing has developed into a multiple-producing industrial base in eastern China, an important hub of transportation and communication center, one of China's four major scientific research and educational central cities. The gross national products of the whole city in 1995 amounted to 58 billion yuan, a 12% increase over the previous year. IndustryNanjing is an important industrial base of China where a multi-producing industrial system taking electronics, automobiles, chemicals and a number of special products as the leading factors and having 36 industrial trades, over 200 industrial branches and more than 2,000 categories of products have been established. The industrial output value of the whole city in 1995 amounted to 81,800 million yuan, a 24.4% increase over the previous year, and the ratio of output to sales reached 96.4% which took the lead throughout the province.Commerce and FinanceNanjing is a major international commercial port in the Yangtse delta region, second only to Shanghai. The total turn over of retail sales of the social consumer goods in 1995 amounted to 24 billion yuan, a 27% growth over the previous year, ranking among ten major cities of the country. The monetary market plays an important controlling role in the economic operation of the city.Transportation and CommunicationFive means of transportation such as railway, waterway, air transport and piping constitute a three-dimensional and mass transport volume traffic network in an all-round way. Nanjing Port is a port for foreign trade leading to the ocean. The port area is 98 kilometers in full length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Within the boundary of Nanjing, there are over 60 highway long-distance passenger traffic lines leading to all parts of the province; the Tianjin-Pukou, Shanghai-Nanjing and Nanjing-Wuhu Trunk Railways meetin Nanjing which has become an important hub of railways linking north China, east China with central China. After extension, the Nanjing Airport has more than 20 air lines leading to all major cities in the country. With the start of construction of the new airport,Nanjing will have an international modernized airport. Being one of six major telecommunication hubs in the country, Nanjing has a telecommunication network which is composed of multiple modes and linking with all parts of the country and all countries in the world.International ContactsNanjing is well known at home and abroad. Now it has entered into amical relations with Nagoya of Japan, Florence of Italy, Saint Louis of the United States, Eindhoven of the Netherlands, Leipzig of Germany, Mecicali of Mexico, Limassol of Cyprus and Daijun of the Republic of Korea to make an extensive exchange and cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, science and technology and culture, and joined the Transpacific Technical cooperation Network as one of two member cities from China.Foreign Economic Relations and TradeThe total purchasing value of commodity for foreign trade in 1995 amounted to 6.718 billion yuan, a 41.5% growth over the previous year; the delivery value of export commodity for foreign trade amounted to 8.4 billion yuan, up 40%; the afc1ctual export amounted to 0.808 billionUS dollars, up 46.4%. By the end of 1995, 4119 foreign-invested enterprises in total have been approved by the government of Nanjing City, including 663 enterprises newly-approved in 1995 and the foreign investors in Nanjing came from 50 countries and regions. The contracts for construction projects abroad and cooperation of labor service in 1995 amounted to 64.84 million US dollars,up 43.6%. 68 non-trading units have been established abroad.Science and TechnologyIn Nanjing there are over 460 natural science research institutions with more than 320,000 technical personnel of different specialities and over 40 social science research institutions with more than 50,000 researchers. The scientific and technological strength thereof ranks third in the country. 291 major achievements have been made in the fields of science and technology throughout the city in 1995, of which 6% are up to the international standard and 42% are up to the domestic advanced standard.TourismNanjing is very rich in natural and artificial landscapes and one of the first 24 well-known historic and cultural cities announced by the state.Dr.Sun Yat-Sen's Mausoleum, the Ming Tomb, the King Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the ancient city wall of Nanjing, the stone carvings of Southern Tang Dynasty, Pagoda for Buddist Relics, the Tombs of Southern Tang Emperors, the Rain Flower Terrace, the Mural Painting in Tangzi Street and other places are the main scenic spots and historic sites. The Eastern Suburbs Scenic Area, the Qixia Mountain, the Xuanwu Lake, the Mochou Lake, the Qinhuai River Scenic Belt and other scenic areas are well-known far and near. Among them, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's Mausoleum and the Qinhuai River Scenic Belt are among 40 best tourist scenic spots in China. There were over 220,000 tourists from abroad in 1995. OVERALL CITY PLANNING OF NANJINGThe developing targets put forward by the "Overall City Planning of Nanjing" are as follows: --At the end of this century, the city's modernization level will take the lead among the similar cities in the country. --In the year 2010, to reach the level of the similar cities in the intermediate developed countries in the world. --Before and after the year of 2050, to take the building of an internationalized metropolis as the long-term target, so as to rank among the developed cities in the world.The key planning area of the "Overall City Planning of Nanjing"(1991-2010) is the metropolitan circle of Nanjing, of which the scope includes all urban districts on both banks of the Yangtse River at the Nanjing section and of Luhe, Jiangpu and Jiangning Counties respectively with a total area of 2,753 square kilometers.The main parts of the city include the city proper, 12 satellite towns and 14 organic towns laying stress on development. The downtown area is bounded by the Chengdong Trunk Road, Chengxi Trunk Road, New Model Road, Jiankang Road and Shengzhou Road, mainly consisting of Xinjiekou-Gulou financial, commercial and trading center, Gulou information center, East and West Beijing Roads administrative center, Shanxi Road, Zhongyang Road,South Taiping Road and Mochou Road shopping centers, Changjiang Road where the cultural institutions are concentrated and ZhujiangRoad/Guangzhou Road where scientific and technological products are sold. No industrial real estate is to be added in the city proper and the factories located within downtown and the historical/cultural relics protective zones are required in principle to move or to change the purpose of land use.The overall planning demarcates 13 key protective zones where natural landscapes, cultural relics and historic sites are concentrated such asZhongshan Scenic Area, Stone City Scenic Area, and 12 key protective sections such as Chaotian Palace, the Presidential Palace of the Republic of China and it is required to protect 3 central axes left over by the capitals of the past dynasties such as Zhong60dhua Road, Yudao Street and Zhongshan Road. Stress is put on the protection of 5 traditional houses such as Mendong, Menxi and Nanbuting. 7 major museums including ancient and modern history museums are to be set up and some important and memorable historical and cultural relics are to be repaired.The residential construction in the city proper shall change with the transformation of the old city, as the main task is the development of new districts. Complete facilities shall be provided and the standard for residential construction raised. The per capita living space in 2010 will reach 12 square meters or more and each household shall have a complete residence. According to the layout framework of "forming a cluster along the Yangtse River and rings by spanning the Yangtse River with bridges,and spokes radiating to the north and south, linking up this city with other places," Many projects are being planned. These include: a new southern railway station, the Shanghai-Nanjing, Nanjing-Wuhu and Nanjing-Hangzhou Express-ways, the Baguazhou and Dasengguan Yangtse River Bridges, the ring roads at the southern and northern part of the Yangtse River, the arrangement of main channels across the Yangtse River composed of 4 bridges and 1 tunnel, the lukou Airport, rebuilding of the Nanjing Passenger Traffic Port, the construction of the Longtan Deepwater Port, improved urban transport system, complete the trunk system of Jingwu and Weiba express Roads, complete the construction of branchroads and build urban subways.。
