一.专业术语+ 缩略语1.Inventory库存2.finish goods产成品3.raw material原材料4.Work-In-Process (WIP) 在制品库存,半成品5.MRO (Maintenance/Repair/Operating)维修库存6.cycle inventory周转库存7.in-transit inventory 在途库存8.speculative inventory投机库存9.dead inventory 呆滞库存10.Just In Time (JIT) 准时制11.Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) 供应商管理库存12.replenishment orders补货单13.sales packaging销售包装14.transport packaging运输包装15.defective packaging 有缺陷的包装e-by dates 有效期17.directions for use使用指南18.identification mark识别标志19.shipping mark运输标志20.handling instructions储运标志rmation mark 信息标志22.logistics information system (LIS)物流信息系统23.demand forecasting and planning 需求预测与计划24.internal efficiency 内效率25.radio frequency identification (RFID)射频标识26.Auto ID Data Capture (AIDC)自动识别和数据采集27.stacked bar-codes堆积式条形码28.matrix codes矩阵式条形码29.Universal Product Code (UPC) 通用产品代码30.dry container干货集装箱31.flat rack container框架集装箱32.bulk container散装货集装箱33.standard transport produc t 运输产品标准化34.flexibility of usage使用的灵活性35.mechanize 使机械化36.transshipment 转载,转船37.bill of lading提单38.air waybill空运单mercial invoice商业发票40.packing list装箱单41.certificate of origin原产地证明42.letter of credit信用证43.irrevocable L/C不可撤销信用证44.revocable L/C可撤销信用证45.confirmed L/C保兑信用证46.transferable L/C可转让信用证47.back-to-back L/C背对背信用证48.standby letter of credit备用信用证49.discount charges贴现金mercial paper商业票据51.guaranty保证,保证书;抵押,担保52.customs duties 关税53.customs clearance结关54.freight forwarding预付运费55.distribution network planning 分销网络规划56.logistics audit 物流核算57.energy consumption能耗58.waste disposa l 废物处置59.road wear公路磨损60.environmental consequence对环境所造成的后果61.disassembly拆卸,分解二.英译汉1.If the products are “stock-out”(when customer’s order cannot beimmediately filled from existing inventory), the customer might get them from other sources. 如果产品处于缺货状态(现有库存无法立即满足客户订货需求), 客户可能会从其他途径取得货物.2.Cycle stock refers to inventory that is needed to satisfy normal demandduring the course of an order cycle. If demand and lead time is constant, only cycle stock is necessary. 周转库存是指那些用于满足一个订货周期内正常需求的库存. 如果需求和提前期是不变的,那么只有周转库存是必需的.3.Safety or buffer inventory referred to inventory that is held in addition tocycle stock to guard against uncertainty in demand and/or lead time. 安全(缓冲库存)是指周转库存之外的额外存货, 以应对需求和提前期的不稳定性. 4.This tactic is commonly used by retailers, who always build up inventorymonths before the demand for their products will be unusually high (i.e., at Halloween, Christmas) 零售商们常使用这种策略, 他们总是提前几个月就储备库存以应对产品需求量的提高(如万圣节, 圣诞节).5.Because dead inventory increases inventory carrying cost, reduces inventoryturnover and takes up space in warehousing facility, companies should minimize the size of dead inventory. 因为呆滞库存会增加库存持有成本, 减慢库存周转, 并且占用仓储空间, 所以企业应该将呆滞库存减到最低.6.More and more manufacturers are currently trying to merge---or bettercoordinate---the functions performed by these levels of packaging in order to reduce costs and facilitate good presentation.现在越来越多的生产商正在尝试着将这几种包装的功能进行融合或协调整合, 以达到降低成本的同时使包装外观更佳的目的.7.Packaging can also provide supplementary product protection. This may beachieved by forms of cushioning such as shredded paper, foamed plastic or wrappings. 包装内填充的碎纸,泡沫塑料或包裹等缓冲物还可以为产品提供辅助的保护.8.Warehouses and distribution centers would be less efficient if grouped andtransport packages lacked labels of carried incomplete details. 如果运输包装上没有标签或标签的细节信息不完整,仓库和配送中心的工作效率就会影响.9.The mark or label is the text preprinted on a product package or, in the caseof items like clothing, attached to the product itself. 标志或标签是预印在产品包装上的文字,有时对于如服装这样的产品,标签也会直接贴于产品本身. 10.Shipping mark contains identification mark (e.g. initial letters of receiver ofshipper, or of receiver’s company name); identification number (e.g.receiver’s order number); total number of items in the complete consignment;and also the place and port of destination. 运输标志包含了识别标志(如收货方,托运方或收货方公司名的词首字母), 识别号码(如收货方的订单号码), 托运商品的总数, 还有到货地点和港口等.11.Every day, logistics managers sift through mountains of information, lookingto answer questions concerning their operations. 物流经理每天从堆积如山的信息中进行筛选, 希望找出解决运作问题的答案.12.Without reliable information support for logistics, firms could miss thechance to respond to market opportunities, become vulnerable to competitive threats, or struggle to simply provide good service. 没有可靠的物流信息系统, 企业可能会错过市场机会, 难以应对竞争威胁,即便仅仅提供优质服务也会举步维艰.13.The ability to use and leverage information in a timely fashion has beenassociated with increased internal efficiencies, as well as better customer responsiveness, increased supplier-customer integration, enhanced perceptions of logistics service quality, and improved customer satisfactionand performance ratings. 一提到及时使用和操控信息的能力, 人们往往会联系到提高内效率, 以及迅速应对客户,整合供应商和客户, 加强物流服务质量意识, 提高客户满意度, 改善业绩.14.Advanced technologies are used for capturing and communicatinglogistics-related data, such as bar-coding, electronic data interchange (EDI) and, more recently, radio frequency identification (RFID).条形码, 电子数据交换, 以及最近出现的射频识别等先进技术被用来捕捉与物流有关的信息并用来进行物流信息交换.15.Security is an important issue for companies using EDI. Data security iscontrolled throughout the process using passwords, encryption and user identification.对于使用电子数据交换的公司来说, 安全是一个重要问题. 在整个数据交换过程中,数据的安全通过使用密码,加密技术和用户识别技术加以控制.16.Originally bar-codes stored data in the widths and spacings of printedparallel lines, but today they also come in patterns of dots, concentric circles, and hidden in images.最初, 条形码把数据储存在一组平行的, 由条和空组成的直线上,但现在条形码也以圆点, 同心圆形式出现, 有时甚至隐藏在图像里面.17.Stacked bar-codes are a compromise between true 2Dbar-codes and linearcodes, and are formed by taking a traditional linear symbology and placing it in an envelope that allows multiple rows. 堆积式条形码是真正二维条形码和一维条形码的折中, 通过把传统的一维符号置于允许多行重叠的包络上而形成.18.Containerization is a system of intermodal cargo transport (a term thatrefers to more than one mode of transportation) using standard ISO (International Organization of Standardization) containers that can be loaded sealed and intact onto container ship, railroad cars and trucks.集装箱化(运输) 是一种采用多式联运的货物运输方式, 它使用ISO国际标准化组织规定的标准化集装箱, 以密封,完好的状态被装载上各式装箱货船,火车车皮及卡车等.19.Bulk containers are heavy duty containers designed for bulk materialhandling, such as grain and cement. Generally, it has two or three holes on the container cover for loading of bulk cargo. Besides, there is a lift on its bottom which can slant 40 degree to unload the bulk. 散货集装箱是一种针对储存的散货的运输而设计的重型集装箱,如粮食,水泥等. 一般在散货集装箱顶部设有两至三个小舱口, 以便装货. 此外, 在它的底部装有升降机,以升高成40°倾斜角, 以便卸货.20.Containerization enables the mechanized handling of cargoes of diverse typesand dimensions by placing them into boxes of standard dimensions.集装箱化是通过讲各种类型和尺寸的货物装入标准尺寸的盒子里来实现装卸过程的机械化操作.21.A container can be used anywhere in the world as its dimensions isstandardized by ISO and be adopted all around the world 集装箱能在世界通用, 因为它的尺寸是由国际标准化组织(ISO) 统一规定并适用于世界各地.22.The container, as an indivisible unit, carries a unique identification numberand a size type code. Therefore, shipment can be managed by container loads, instead of individual cargo unit. 一个集装箱作为不可分的运输单位, 带有唯一的箱号和尺寸类型代码, 这样就不需要针对单件的货物进行管理, 只需以货柜为单位进行管理就可以了.23.There is no standard form for the packing list, and generally speaking, itshould includes exporter’s name and address, name and No. of document, shipping mark, name of commodity and specifications, quantity, unit, gross weight, net weight, measurement, signature.装箱单没有标准的格式, 但通常包括出口商名及地址, 单据名称, 装箱单编号, 唛头, 品名和规格, 数量, 单位,毛重, 净重,尺码及签名.24.A Certificate of Origin is a signed statement issued by the country of originfor its exported products. The country of origin is NOT the country from where the product is shipped. The country of origin is the country where theproduct was manufactured or underwent substantial change or modification.原产地证书是一种签署的证明, 说明某一装运的出口产品的原产国. 原产国并非指该产品发运国, 而是指产品的制造国或对产品进行过巨大改变或修整的国家.25.In order get the payment, the seller has to present the bank with thenecessary shipping documents confirming the delivery of goods within a given time frame.为了收款, 卖方必须向银行出示在指定时段内承兑货物运输情况的货运单据.26.The confirmation constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank,in addition to that of opening bank, that as long as the documents presented by the seller are in accordance with the stipulation of the L/C, the confirming bank shall be responsible for negotiation, acceptance or payment. 保兑即保兑行和开证行共同明确地承诺, 只要卖方出具与信用证规定相一致的各项单据, 保兑行就应当对议付,承兑或支付负责.27.The exporter sends the L/C established by the importer in his favor to a bankas sole security, requiring the local bank to reopen an L/C in favor of the actual exporter. 出口商把进口商开立的以他为受益人的信用证拿到银行作抵押, 要求本地行重新开出一份以真正的出口商为受益人的信用证.28.Third-party logistics (3PL) refers to the outsourcing of transportation,warehousing and other logistics-related activities which were originally performed in-house, to a 3PL service provider.第三方物流师指物流公司把原本由自己承担的运输, 仓储及其他相关物流活动承包给物流服务供应商, 即第三方物流服务供应商.29.Logistics outsourcing is also used to complement the logistics activities thecorporations do not have competency in, and to increase the geographic reach.物流外包也被用来作为公司对没有竞争力的物流活动的补充, 使公司可以把业务拓展到较远的地方.30.By outsourcing all these, corporations may focus on their core competenciesand on improving cycle time and delivery performance, thereby increasingcustomer satisfaction. 通过把所有这些业务外包,公司可以把注意力集中在自己的核心竞争力上, 还可以集中精力改善产品流通周期和交货服务, 因此将提高客户满意度.31.Environmentally responsible or “green”procurement is the selection ofproducts and services that minimize environmental impacts. 对环境负责的做法, 或称“绿色”采购, 就是选择对环境的影响最小的产品或服务.32.Trends are reflected in the fact that companies are starting to publishsustainability reports, which are similar to environmental reports, yet with a particular emphasis on social considerations.这种趋势体现在,企业开始公布可持续性报告,这种报告类似于环境报告,但更强调对社会的责任.三.英译汉1.However, to producer and retailers, the term packaging also cover the whole rangeof packaging products that use to protect, transport, and distribute goods, as well as the techniques and devices used in the packing process.然而,对生产商和零售商而言,包装这个词含义则更广,包装还包括那些在流通过程中保护商品、方便流通和销售的包装物以及在包装过程中使用的技术和方法.2.Defective packaging (or under packaging) can lead to spillages and result in majorlosses and serious damage.有缺陷的包装可能导致货物洒漏,造成严重的货损货差.3.Packaging is designed to ensure that the product reaches the consumer in goodcondition..为了确保顾客可以得到状态良好的货物.4.When international trade is involved and different languages are spoken, the useof clear, readily understood symbols on the transport package is essential.在国际贸易中,各国语言不同, 就更需要使用清晰的,大家都认识的标记来传递信息了.5.Marking packages helps handlers to keep track of the product as it moves throughthe logistics system, and assists wholesaler and retailers in using proper practices.对包装进行标示能帮助管理者对货物物流系统中得流动情况进行跟踪,也可以帮助批发商和零售商采取正确的操作方法处理货物.6.The ability to link information to immediate action is critical.因此,很重要的一点就是要把信息和实际行动直接链接起来.7.The need for data management to support logistics processes has created demandfor specialized information systems designed for logistics management needs.要给整个物流过程提供支持,需要对资料进行广利,这就使物流管理得专业化信息系统成为需求.8.Nowadays the dimensions of containers have been standardized.而今,集装箱的尺寸也被标准化了.9.The term TEU (twenty-feet-equivalent-unit) is refer to standard-size containerwith alength of twenty feet. TUE (20英尺等长单位) 的规格就是指一个集装箱它的长度为20英尺.10.A container of 40 feet is counted as 2 TEU. 那么40英尺的集装箱就被计算为两个TUE.11.Several transportaation modes can be used to transport containers from onedestination to another, 集装箱再不同地点之间的运输往往涉及不同的运输方式.12.Oversea transport is carried out by shiips. 跨海运输则由轮船执行.13.On the other hand, trucks or trains can be used to tranport containers over land.另一方面, 卡车或车皮也被运用到跨境运输集装箱中.To transship containers from one mode of transportation to another, ports and t erminals need to be used. 为了把集装箱运输模式从一种模式转为另一种模式,海港和集装箱码头就发挥了作用.小学二（2）班班规一、安全方面1、每天课间不能追逐打闹。
