Unit 5 New Explorations in Food and Medicine

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．cuisine n．菜肴；风味；烹饪2．pepper n．甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉3．recipe n．烹饪法；食谱4．chef n．厨师；主厨5．peppercorn n．胡椒粒6．vinegar n．醋7．onion n．洋葱；葱头8．lamb n．羊羔肉；羔羊9．lamb kebab烤羊肉串10．dim sum n．点心(中国食品) 11．vegetarian n．素食者12．junk n．无用的东西13．junk food(＝junk)垃圾食品14．garlic n．蒜15．bacon n．熏猪肉；咸肉16．ham n．火腿17．sausage n．香肠；腊肠18．cabbage n．甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜19．bean curd n．(＝tofu)豆腐20．brand n．品牌21．olive n．油橄榄；橄榄树22．fig n．无花果23．ingredient n．(尤指烹饪)材料；成分24．dough n．生面团25．haggis n．(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚26．cafeteria n．自助餐厅；自助食堂27．bun n．圆面包；小圆甜饼28．chilli n．(NAmE＝chili)[pl.-es]辣椒29．pork n．猪肉30．red braised pork红烧肉31．pearl n．珍珠32．vitamin n．维生素33．dairy adj.奶制的；乳品(业)的n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂34．moderation n．适度；合理35．chew v i.& v t.咀嚼；嚼碎n．咀嚼Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的2．stuff v t.填满；把……塞进n．东西；物品3．slice n．(切下的食物)薄片v t.把……切成薄片4．elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的5．exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的；杰出的6．minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的n．最小值；最少量7．temper n．脾气；火气8．dessert n．(饭后)甜点9．canteen n．食堂；餐厅10．somewhat ad v.有点；稍微11．madam n．夫人；女士12．calorie n．卡路里(热量单位)13．regardless ad v.不顾；不加理会14．category n．类别；种类15．fibre(especially US fiber)n.纤维；纤维制品16．quantity n．数量；数额17．ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的n．理想；完美的人(或事物) 18．fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的n．基本规律；根本法则19．modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的20．overall ad v.总体上；大致上adj.全面的；综合的Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．prior adj.先前的；优先的→priority n．优先事项；优先权2．consist v i.由……组成(或构成)；在于→consistent adj.一致的；连续的3．consume v t.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户→consumption n．消费；消耗(量)4．stable adj.稳定的；稳重的→stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)5．association n．协会；关联→associate v t.联想；联系v i.交往adj.副的；联合的→associated adj.有关联的；相关的6．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏v t.欺骗→tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的1．solidarity /ˌsɒl I'dærəti/n．团结；相互支持2．be glued to全神贯注看着某物；像用胶固定3．overlook /ˌəʊvə'lʊk/v t.忽略；未注意到；俯视4．worship /'wɜːʃI p/v i.& v t.信奉(神)；崇拜；敬仰5．evolve /i'vɒlv/v i.& v t.逐步形成；进化6．renowned /r I'naʊnd/adj.有声望的；著名的7．solo /'səʊləʊ/adj.独自的；单独的8．merge /mɜːdʒ/v i.& v t.融合；合并9．accumulate /ə'kjuːmjəle I t/v t.& v i.积累；积聚10．pave /pe I v/v t.铺路；(用砖石)铺(地)pave the way to为……铺平道路，创造条件Ⅳ.背核心短语1．prior to在……之前的2．consist of由……组成(或构成)3．slice...off切下4．regardless of不管；不顾5．relate...to...把……与……联系起来6．in many ways在许多方面7．on the other hand另一方面8．make up组成；构成；化妆9．in other words换言之10．be up to sb 由某人决定Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.(had been done)来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。

Unit 3 Food and Culture——Using language(2)一、单词拼写1.The seaside had all sorts of pleasant (联想) with childhood holidays for me.2.This book clearly falls into the (种类) of fictionalised autobiography.3.A large (数量) of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.4.Beijing Language and Culture University is (理想的) for you to learn Chinese culture.5.A (基本的) change in the organization of health services was required.6.Be certain to eat slowly and (咀嚼) your food extremely well.7.The results are entirely (一致的) with our earlier research.8.Could you tell me the (诀窍) of making such tasty cakes?二、短语填空1.The law requires equal treatment for all,race,religion or sex.2.Conservation groups have been the benefits and dangers of wolves.3.If we fail to sell enough goods,compared with last year,we will have to on production.4.Make maximum use of the whole fruit,including the pulp which is fibre.5.The program has become increasingly college students in the United States.三、阅读理解A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much.“I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth；I believe that's from cracking the seeds，” he said.I had never noticed the habit，but once he mentioned it，I suddenly became more aware.I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report，I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds，and，to him，it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed.When we were young，the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year.Then，we all lived close to one another，usually in a small city，and sometimes even neighborswould go door­to­door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.In the living room，a large table would already be laid out，complete with a fancy tablecloth，ready­made dumpling fillings，and dishes full of candy，fruits and sunflower seeds.Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later，while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits，no matter how strange they may seem.It's not only in China.When I went abroad，I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.In Denmark，they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner，no matter how much it ruins their breath.They think it's a delicacy，and it's connected with their culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition.1．What did the writer become aware of?A．She had ever typed a report about seeds.B．She ate various snacks while watching TV.C．She has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds.D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds.2．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year?A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear.B．Children can eat delicious food on that day.C．The families would get together for it.D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.3．The writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating breadis ．A．acceptable B．criticalC．neutral D．doubtful4．What lesson can we learn from the passage?A．One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.B．Eating habits come from a certain culture.C．It is good to form healthy eating habits.D．Changing your eating habits will change your life.四、语法填空A couple of years ago, on one of the hottest days of the year, I was pulling my car into my garage when I saw a man 1 （cut）the grass at the next door to the bank, pouring with sweat.I didn’t know him, but I realised he needed a cold drink. I2 （immediate）went in the house and took a drink3 my fridge and went back outside. Then I4 （stand）on my sidewalk where he could see me when he turned the mower （割草机）around.I held up the drink and pointed to him. He nodded gratefully. When he came over 5 （accept）the bottle from me, he thanked me again 6 again and said he was just now considering going to the nearby gas station to get something to drink. Ever sincethat day, he 7 （do）a lot of things for me. He often cuts the grass around my sidewalk, and gives me good 8 （suggestion）whenever I need help. However, he refuses to take any pay for all these things. He just shakes my hand and gives me 9 smile each time. I’ve been repaid with 10 （kind）so many times.一、单词拼写1.associations2.category3.quantity4.ideal5.fundamental6.chew7.consistent8.tricks二、短语填空1.regardless of2.arguing over3.cut down4.high in5.popular with三、阅读理解1.C 细节理解题。

2024—2025学年度第一学期期末学业水平诊断高三英语试题说明：本试卷由四个部分组成，共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。

请把答案全部涂写在答题卡上，考试结束后，只交答题卡。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What will the man probably do next?A．Watch TV． B．Go out for dinner． C．Do his homework．2．How did the woman lose weight?A．By eating special Meals．B．By going on a diet．C．By doing exercise occasionally．3．Which foreign language does Mr．Smith do well in?A．French． B．Japanese． C．Spanish．4．What does the woman complain about?A．The desk． B．The messy room． C．The heavy box．5．What color is the woman’s dress?A．Red． B．Blue． C．Black．其次节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2017年12⽉英语四级真题和答案解析（第⼆套）20XX年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wants to catch people’s attention.B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has got one of its limbs injured.2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.C) Its videos were posted on social media.D) Its picture won a photography prize.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas.B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling.4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth is slowing down.B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D) He washed a stranger’s ca r in return for some food.6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.B) He gave him a job at his own company. D) He offered him a scholarship for college.7. A) He works hard to support his family. C) He is very good at making up stories.B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Attended an economics lecture. C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.B) Taken a walk on Charles Street. D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.B) Make preparations for a seminar. D) Visit some of his high school friends.10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture.B) Throw a surprise birthday party.C) Meet with Jonathan’s friends on the weekend.D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration.11. A) By car. B) By train. C) By taxi. D) By bus.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad. C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.B) Reviewing for his last exam. D) Finding a better way to earn money.13. A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as a waiter.B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise. D) Helping the woman with her courses.14. A) Finish her term paper. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.B) Save enough money. D) Ask her parent’s permission.15. A) He has rich sailing experience. C) He is also eager to go to Spain.B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer. C) Both won military medals.B) Both fought in World War I. D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.B) They were the conquerors of Norway.C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D) They settled on a small island north of England.20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B) It was covered with green most time of the year.C) It was the Vikings’ most important discovery.D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) The Vikings, ocean explorations. C) The Vikings’ everyday life.B) The making of European nations. D) The Europeans’ Arcti c discoveries. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future.B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day.23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture.B) City planning. D) International business.25. A) Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have.B) Take things easy in life, D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤)cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡⾐).Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (⼿⼯艺).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Ev en men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s fi ve weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me copewith stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yam (纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s le ss snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的)fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知⽅⾯) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had adiminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one’s health and prolongs one’s life.40. Knitting diverts people’s attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的)businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people’s livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent. C) More rational overall planning.B) Better education for residents. D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were thedeciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ______.A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dreamB) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive and purpose52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality. C) It adds to cultural diversity.B) It needs to be strengthened. D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt. C) A willingness to commit oneself.B) A strong sense of responsibility. D) A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华⼭位于华阴市，距西安120公⾥。

Lesson1We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East， where people first learned to write。

But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas——legends handed down from one generation of story—tellers to another。

These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago， but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2，000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas， if they had any，are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ’modern men' came from。

咱们吃素吧!如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。

一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。

变化速度之快令人惊叹。

素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。

尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。

推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。

一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。

美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。

”去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。

”据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。

肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。

牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。

肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。

据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。

吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。

既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。

根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。

这并不奇怪。

即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。

健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。

以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。

想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。

2024年河南中考英语词汇运用专项训练试题第一篇success much take perhaps create if month they like futureIt's easy to see the fun in going shopping with friends, but saving money can be even more exciting That's because saving1_____________chances and opens the door to all kinds of special experiences.The key to a2_____________saving is setting a goal. Write down how much it costs, then work out how much you can afford to save each week and how long it will3_____________you to reach your goal.To avoid spend ing your savings by chance , it’s a good idea to keep_4____________in a money box or a savings account(账户).5_____________you save your money in a savings account , you can get interest(利息).The longer you leave money there, the6___________ interest you will get. Some parents set up a savings account because they want to put some money away for their kids ’7___________.Once you know how to save well, you can set some bigger goals.8___________you'd like to travel around the world after finishing school. Remember, you can save for more than one thing at a time , as some goals might take9___________-or even years-to achieve.If you're new to saving, start off by thinking of some fun goals,10__________ going to a concert. Every penny you save makes you one step closer to your goal-and what could be more exciting than that?第二篇of scientist t exciting five bottom probably cover this big protectWhen you think of great explorations(探索),you might think of outer space. But you can also visit1_____________places on Earth! Scientists have already worked deep in the ocean (海洋) or on cold land , like Antarctica(南极洲).Travelling across Antarctica is dangerous because it is_2______________with ice all year round. Antarctica is the 3_____________ largest continent(大陆) in the world. It's 4____________ than Australia. But the human population in Antarctica is small. Most of the people who visit it are5____________ . Some study the mountains under the ice. Others study the rivers of ice. There are still many kinds_6___________living things for scientists to study.The deep ocean is another place to study. The7___________ of the ocean is a difficult place to get to. It's very dark , and of course there is no air underwater. You must also8___________yourself from the cold. So it's9___________ no surprise that we've only seen about five percent of the ocean floor ! Scientists find new populations of living things on almost every visit.Antarctica and the deep ocean are dangerous and difficult places. You have to be a person with great strength of will to study them. But_ 10__________ places are worth exploring. Scientists learn new things all the time!第三篇easy life put in mean way follow difficult fast everythingDo you get unhappy when you can’t achieve what you want? For example, you might want to clean out your room or continue the things you're always1_____________ off. Maybe you try to focus(集中精力),but you find it 2_____________ to deal with all the things.Now you could try developing a habit of being organized(有条理的).This 3_____________ you are able to plan things well. When you can get organized , you can work4_____________ and have more creative ideas. Here are some5_____________to help you get organized. First, make your things tidy. Take a few minutes each day to make your things 6___________ order. There is no right or wrong way to organize them-the important thing is that you know where7___________is by doing this. Second, put up a timetable and8___________it. There must be many things you have to do every day. Making a timetable can help remind you to finish them. Put it up around the place you can9___________ see. Third , prepare things ahead. After you finish your homework , put what you need for the next day in your backpack. In this way , you are less likely to forget something.Getting organized is helpful for you to manage a better10__________.Encourage yourself to get organized now.第三篇kind we good excited culture careful use as show imagineHave you ever read A Dream of Red Mansions(《红楼梦》)?1_____________we all know , it is one of the four great famous novels in China. It was first2_____________as a ballet drama(芭蕾舞剧)by the National Ballet of China in 2023.The novel tells a story about the history of Jia Baoyu's large family and his relationship with Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. It shows_3_____________the special ancient Chinese society. It has a deep influence at home and abroad.There are many4____________ of Western arts. But it is 5____________ to usethe ballet dance drama to present this Chinese novel than other arts. Some artists believe the combination(结合)will make the creators and dancers so6___________ . In order to express the feelings in the story well , actors 7____________ design the winter snow background and the clothes of the roles. By 8___________ Chinese silk to make the ballet skirts , the designer tries to achieve a “combination of Eastern and Western art”You can_9___________how special it is to see a Chinese story mixed with Western ballet. The creators hope that the world will know China's history and 10__________ well, while Chinese people have a better understanding of Western art.第四篇easy turn develop when minute make beside problem warm it Do you need some help to get out of bed in the morning?Common alarm clocks(闹钟)canbe1_____________ off easily. You just find yourself going back to sleep for another twenty2_____________ ,and being late for school.There may be a method to this_3_____________. A company makes a carpel(地毯) alarm clock which has a bright LED clock and the soft and4____________fabric(织物). It'll be the most comfortable thing to lay your feet on in the morning. You can place it_5____________ your bed, and step on it for 3 seconds in order to turn off the alarm. If 3 seconds isn't enough for you to stay awake, you can change_6___________time up to 30 seconds. You can even set the alarm to play your favorite song. The music only stops_7___________ you step on the carpet ! The carpet alarm clock hopes to change your morning habit by 8___________you fully out of bed. lf necessary, you can place the carpet farther away from your bed.Once you get up , you'll not go back to bed9___________.And over time , this will help you10__________a habit. While others struggle(挣扎) out of bed , you'll be up and starting your day!第五篇wonderful environment country they why work hide honest much among Which word is the symbol of China? Have you ever asked your friends to make a list of1_____________ favorite Chinese characters(汉字)that stand for Chinese culture? If yes, I am sure the character“harmony(和)”will be2_____________ the top five.People hang the picture of “harmony" on the wall. In fact, the word “harmony” is deeply3______________in people's blood. People have realized that the only way for us to live is to be nice to the 4____________since thousands of years ago. That's why they ask gods for better weather and_5____________food. Many Chinese gardens are also similar to the environment. Some houses in villages are6___________built without breaking the environment.In fact , harmony is also among people,families and7___________. All the relationships should be in harmony. When we are with our friends and family , we are kind , polite and8___________. As for our nation , we would like to 9___________ together with people around the world for a shared future.As you can see , harmony lies in Chinese people's hearts , thoughts and actions. It provides us with a way of solving problems. That's_ 10___________ Chinese culture makes a difference to the world. It plays an important role in today 's world. 第六篇begin spend enough shape two natural other choose tool as Are you looking for a hobby? Do you want to take up a hobby that allows you to create beautiful objects without 1_____________hundreds of dollars just to get started?Wood carving(木雕)checks all of those boxes.2_____________ one of China's traditional art forms, wood carving is a kind of woodworking. People use knives and other wood carving_3_____________to create in pieces of wood. It has been around since the Tang Dynasty,which_4____________ in the 7th century.The wood carving has four steps. The first step is to 5____________ the wood. The wood which is chosen should be hard6___________ .The most important is that it should have its own 7___________ , which has a great influence on the later job. And the creator should make the best use of the wood's shape and 8___________ beauty. In fact, only about three-tenths of the work is done by man ,and the rest is decided by nature. That's the9___________ step. Then the wood will be polished(抛光). Different ways will be used according to the shape of wood. The final step is to color the products.Some of the carvings can serve as chairs , tables , sofas, screens and so on, and_10__________are only used as decorations(装饰品).They are shaped into animals, flowers or even life-sized characters.第七篇around usual allow ton get public anyone single cost deepA group called Free-Go in Geneva, Switzerland is making fridges available(可用的)so restaurant owners and cooks can make food available to the_1_____________before it goes bad.The fridges are being placed along streets for_2_____________to use. The project is part of a continuing effort by people in Switzerland and other European countries to cut down on food waste.Free-Go has put fridges in Geneva so people can_3_____________fruit , vegetables , bread and other foods from them at no cost.The program 4____________ about $40,000 to run each year and it receives support from public groups and the city government. Free-Go started a year ago with a 5_____________ fridge outside a community center in western Geneva. There are now four fridges 6____________the city. The group plans a fifth before the end of the year.The project 's director said the food left in the fridges was 7___________taken within an hour. For health , no frozen foods , prepared meals or alcohol(酒) are_8___________in the fridges.The first fridge helped save 3.2 9___________ of food from going to waste last year. People who took part in this project also had a better and10__________understanding of sharing and caring. Maybe more Free Gos will appear in the future.。

naomiiichannel翻译Naomiiichannel是一个网络频道，致力于分享各种有趣的内容和生活技巧。

频道的创始人Naomi喜欢探索新事物并与观众分享她的体验。

在Naomiiichannel上，你可以找到各种有趣的视频，如旅行日志、美食探索、时尚穿搭、化妆教程和生活小窍门等。

频道不仅仅是娱乐性的，还提供了很多实用的用法和技巧，可以帮助观众更好地生活。

下面是一些中英文对照的例句，以帮助你更好地理解Naomiiichannel的内容和用法：1. 旅行日志 - Travel Vlogs:- "In my latest travel vlog, I explored the beautiful beaches of Bali."（在我最新的旅行日志中，我探索了巴厘岛美丽的海滩。

）- "I shared some tips on how to pack efficiently in my travel vlog to Europe."（在我去欧洲的旅行日志中，我分享了一些如何高效打包的技巧。

）2. 美食探索 - Food Explorations:- "I tried out the famous street food in Bangkok and it was absolutely delicious!"（我尝试了曼谷著名的街头美食，味道非常美味！）- "In my food exploration video, I discovered a hidden gem of a restaurant in my city."（在我的美食探索视频中，我发现了城市里一个隐藏的餐厅宝藏。

）3. 时尚穿搭 - Fashion Lookbooks:- "I created a fall lookbook where I showcased my favorite cozy sweaters and boots."（我制作了一个秋季时尚穿搭视频，展示了我最喜欢的舒适毛衣和靴子。

Unit 5 New Explorations in Food and MedicinePart I Warming upAKey words:trasplant surgeon…移植外科医生chemotherapy…化疗glaucoma…青光眼Acupuncture…针刺Vocabulary:Parkinson’s disease…帕金森氏病adrenal gland…肾上腺primary channel…主通道Meridian…子午线crisscross…纵横交错anesthesia…麻醉implant…植入,移植qi / yang /yin (chinese medicine )…(中药用语）气/ 阳/ 阴A11. This news item is about a successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. This news item is about the discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. This news item is about the discovery of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. This news item is about a new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.orThis news item is about a new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health.5. This news item is about the theory and function of acupuncture.A21. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson's disease.2. The effectiveness of chemotherapy can be increased by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting thatmeeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few side-effects and that when used with standard drug treatment it allows physicians to cut back on medication. Tapescripts:1. The world's leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson's disease. A portion of the patient's adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient's brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2. Approximately a-third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few years, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patients' psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits ofA pun on the word for farming. It means using farm animals such as cows, goats and pigs that have been genetically changed to produce pharmaceutical drugs. Pharming beginning with a "ph" is pronounced the same as farming beginning with an “f.”. 5. FrankensteinFrankenstein refers to the novel of that name by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797- 1851). The novel is about a scientist who creates a subhuman creature that ends up destroying him. So Frankenstein means any "creation that ends up destroying the creator."Part II Eating right for good healthAKey words:superfoods 超级食品powerful chemicals 效力大的化学物质phytochemicals 植物化学物质herbs 草药soy 黄豆cruciferous vegetable family 十字花科蔬菜家族Omega 3 欧米加3 Vocabulary:vibrantly 充满活力地dietician 营养师,饮食学家rosemary 迷迭香thyme百里香turmeric 姜黄anti-inflammatory 消炎colon 结肠rectal 直肠Brussels sprouts球芽甘蓝cruciferous 十字花科lycopene 番茄红素prostate 前列腺citrus柑橘limonoids 柠檬苦素类化合物phenol 苯酚cantaloupe哈密瓜carotenoids 类胡萝卜素flavonoid 类黄酮ellagic acid 鞣花酸antioxidant 抗氧化剂toxicity 毒性flaxseed 亚麻籽fatty acid 脂肪酸osteoprosis 骨质疏松shallot 亚实基隆葱，青葱eukemia 白血病A1 Names of superfoods：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. I 5. F 6. G 7. H 8. E 9. C A21. A few examples of superfoods: tomatoes, onions, garlic, olive oil…B. Properties of Superfoods: Packed with powerful chemicals (phytochemicals) to protect one’s body against chronic diseasesC. What one should eat each week for optimal health:8. olive oil: reduce breast, prostate and colon cancer9. soy: protective effects for heart disease and osteoporosis10. onions, garlic and shallots: protect heart fight cancer and help with asthmaTapescript:In north beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!”“And I really like the taste of it.”But we are not just talking about taste. Research now shows some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil —are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease —“Including cancer, obesity, and heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals(植物化学物质)!”Natalie Ledesma is a registered dietician at U.C.S.F. She says compounds found in super foods — called phytochemicals — can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.On her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary(迷迭香) and thyme(百里香)，and any intensely colored spice, Like turmeric(姜黄) or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammation properties.”Turmeric may reduce the risk of Leukemia(白血病)，skin and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon(结肠), stomach, and rectal(直肠) cancers. Also on the list: green veggies(vegetables), but not any green veggy.Brussel sprouts are part of the cruciferous(十字花科的) vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolisms.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“It is probably the best source of lycopene(番茄红素)，which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus(柠檬，柑桔) contains Vitamin C, limonoids(柠檬苦素类化合物), and phenols(酚类), which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system.Cantaloupes, mangos, and carrots contain cancer fighting carotenoids(类胡萝卜素). And berries(浆果和某些干果仁) are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid—antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed — both are excellent sources of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“Soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots(亚实基隆葱，青葱). They may protect the heart, fight cancer, and help with asthma(哮喘).BKey words: cardiovascular disease心血管疾病salt reduction降盐daily salt instake 每日食盐摄入量crucial 关键,紧要stroke中风borderline 边缘,边界线Research ReportI. …Harvard Medical SchoolII …borderline high blood pressureIII.…10 to 7IV.Result of study:A. …cardiovascular …by a quarterB. chances of dying from cadiovascular disease falling by 1/5V.Experts’suggestions:A. …no more than 3 gramsB. …fast foodC. …labelsD. …fresh fruit and vegetableTapescript:(Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. …)Part III Medical emergency 911Key Words:Paramedic …护理人员blood pressure …血压intravenous …静脉blood plasma ….血浆Medevac helicopter …医疗后撤直升机trauma …创伤summon …召唤diapatch …派遣,调度contagious …传染性的,会感染的stretcher …担架System Communication Center. ..系统通信中心State Police helicopters …国家警用直升机US Park Police Helicopters …美国公园警察直升机A(3) a. (4) b. (2) c. (1) d.B1. What happens in Maryland when there is a serious accident?2. What response is made to the accident reported to 9117 What does Lieutenant Mike Fahey do?3. What do the ambulance paramedics do for this patient?4. What is SYSCOM? What does it do?5. What is the purpose of this system?C1. How does this system help if you have a serious accident?a. Know where and when an accident happensb. Immediate action / life-saving care2. How is this system activated?By dialing 9113. Where is your call forwarded?To fire department's emergency rescue service / then tonearest help / depending on information given4. In this report, what kind of accident has happened?Shooting accident5. Who responds first? How long docs it take to respond?Paramedic supervisor / 9 min.6. How docs Lt. Fahey act? What effect docs he have on thepatient?Deliberately / calmly / calm patient down7. What condition is the patient in when he is put in the ambulance?In shock8. What has everyone agreed to do for this man? Why?Send him to the regional shock trauma center / center is 6 min. away by land / available / equipped for his injury9. What is SYSCOM?Statewide System communication Center10. What important function docs SYSCOM serve?Dispatch point for helicopters11. What can SYSCOM do for paramedics?Connect them by radio to hospitals and emergency specialists12. According to Dr R. Adams Cowley, what needs to be done in order to save a person's life?Stop bleeding and restore blood pressure within an hour of accidentTapescript:Maryland may be a small state, but it's a major player in developing emergency medical services. There are 49 hospitals that have 24-hour emergency departments. Nine of those hospitals are specially designated shock trauma centers, and there's a sophisticated communication center that links the state's ambulances, helicopters, andthe hospitals."A serious accident happens. Pre-hospital staff --paramedics, emergency medical technicians--through a sophisticated communication system know where and when the accident happened, and they are summoned immediately to provide the initial, quick, life-saving care."That's Dr Philip Militello. He's head of trauma surgery for the state system. If you have a serious injury anywhere in Maryland, this system will get you the right treatment with the least delay. What kind of help do you need? Where's the closest hospital? Should you go by ambulance or by helicopter? The answers to these questions come through sophisticated communications. The system springs into action with a telephone call to 911, your local emergency number anywhere in the state. "Fire and rescue.”'If you're injured, your call is forwarded to the fire department's emergency rescue service. Based on the information you give them, they send a radio call for the nearest available help."He has been shot. Hold on while I dispatch an ambulance."A man has shot himself. The nearest available shock trauma ambulance is twenty minutes away. But a paramedic supervisor with some emergency medical equipment in his car responds to the radio call and arrives on the scene within nine minutes. The supervisor, Lieutenant Mike Fahey, is a nationally certified paramedic. He quietly talks to the patient while he bandages the bullet hole. Finding the patient's blood pressure alarmingly low, he immediately starts intravenous blood plasma. His movements are deliberate and his voice is calm."Come in. Take control of the situation. Remain calm. Chaos is contagious, and so is the calm that you have. When the patient looks up at you and you're calm, then you're reassuring. Then they calm down."The paramedic ambulance with advanced life support equipment arrives twelve minutes later, and Fahey's patient is loaded on a stretcher, ready to go. But the patient is in shock. If he stays in shock, he has a poor chance of survival. Inside the ambulance, they start another line of plasma and apply medical anti-shock trousers.Those are rubberized trousers to squeeze the blood from the legs back to the brain and other vital organs. Through radio communication everyone has agreed to send him by ambulance to the regional shock trauma center. It's only six minutes by land; it's available; and the regional center is equipped for his particular injury."They're putting on the trousers now. As soon as they get that, they'll be able to start going down the highway. '"If we can get the patient to the trauma center within twenty minutes, we go by land. If it's going to be longer than twenty minutes, we try to go by air."Captain Linda Sterling. She's Mike Fahey's boss at the local emergency medical service. When one of her paramedics needs a medevac helicopter, the request goes quickly to the SYSCOM, the statewide System Communication Center. Throe large screens dominate the darkened room at SYSCOM. The right screen shows which hospital can take what kind of injury. The center screen shows the location of all medevac helicopters. And the one on the left shows the helicopter landing pad at the main shock trauma center. SYSCOM operations chief Andy Polavski tells us what's happening."Part of the operation here is the SYSCOM operation: system communications. They serve as the coordinators of the medevac activity in the state. This is the dispatch point for the State Police helicopters and the U.S. Park Police helicopters." SYSCOM can also connect by radio any paramedic in the state with any hospital or any emergency specialist. In shock trauma injuries, minutes can mean life or death. Maryland's communication system saves precious time by connecting citizens, ambulances, helicopters, and hospitals. Dr R. Adams Cowley, founder of the system, said, "If I can get you and stop your bleeding and restore your blood pressure within an hour of your accident, then I can probably save your life. 'Part IV Keeping the country healthy (not found on the web)Key Words:the National health Sevice (NHS)…国家卫生服务队prevention …预防screening …筛查diagnostic tests…诊断检查crux …关键,症结ultrasound …超声gimmick …手法, 鬼花招Gordon Brown’s health reform proposal1.crux of the proposal: NHS’s greater focus on prevention2.details of the proposal4. great increase in the use of private healthcareTapescript: not found。