英语必修一直接引语和间接引语

1.She said to me, “I broke your CD player.” →She told me that she had broken my CD player. 2.He said to her, “I broke your CD player.” →He told her that he had broken her CD player.
He said to the boy,“ Come here, young man! ”
→He asked the boy to go there.
方向动词变化
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➢方向动词变化 come → go
bring → take
He said , “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” → He ordered the boys not to make so much noise.
5.直接引语为感叹句 变为由 that/ what/ how 引导的宾语从句 He said, “How happy I am!”
→ He said that he was very happy.
He said how happy he was.
He said, “What a fine day it is!”
→ She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
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“Is this room yours or his?”
代词指向，二随宾
→ He asked me whether this room was mine or his.
He said to me , “I am learning English now.” 间接宾语 me

They said that they had seen her in the street.
过去完成时 不变
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
T: She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
_______
_____
______
Warming Up
Look at the sentences in Exercise 1 of your Student’s Book on page 5. Work in pairs and identify the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences.
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”
The captain said that they would arrive in two days’ time.
The lawyer said that she would go that morning.
these those
He said, “These books are mine.”

eg."What do you call your dairy?" Anne's sister asked her. → Anne's sister asked her what she called her dairy.
Exercise
Ⅰ单项选择 1. He asked _______ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
f.一般将来时→过去将来时 eg. Tina said, "He will go to see his friend." →Tina said he would go to see his friend. 注:在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化： ①直接引语是客观真理 eg. He said, "Light travels much faster than sound." →He said light travels much faster than sound. ②直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 eg. He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning. ③直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式（ought to/had better/used to...）或 者已经是过去式（could/should/would/might...） eg. Peter said, "You had better come here today." → Peter said I had better come there that day.

高一英语上册知识点高一英语上册知识点1一. 直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。

例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。

转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。

如：She said,“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。

go
如果是在当天或在原地转达， 则上述时间状语 或地点状语 一律不变。
直接引语的句型变化
一. 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用 连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）
语序: 不变 1. She said “ I’ll come this evening.”
2. My sister said to me, “I’m leaving tomorrow.”
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时 ，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或 被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟 引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外 的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称， 如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
Eg2. He said to me, “Will you be free tomorrow?”
注意：与or或 or not连用时，不用if，要用
whether.
二. 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语 时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 用whether或if引导。主句中的动词是said时改为 asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。 Eg1. He said, “Are you a student?” He asked me whether I was a student.
He asked him _w__h_en____h_e_ _w__o_u_l_d_ buy the red coat.
3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?”
Shirley asked me _w_h_e_r_e___ I_____w_a_s___ born.

Unit one FriendshipDirect speech and indirect speech（直接引语和间接引语）一．基本概念I直接引语变为间接引语1）、直接引语为陈述句2）、直接引语为祈使句3）、直接引语为疑问句4）、直接引语为感叹句II1、直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句2、直接引语和间接引语的概念（1）直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话（2）间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话二．变换类型1．直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可以省略）。

引述动词有：say, tell等。

陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化。

一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变例如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class. ”1> 第三者说：The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.2> 别人对约翰说：The teacher said that you must bring your book to the class.3> 约翰自己说：The teacher said that I must bring my book to the class.I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this---- that these----those2〉时间状语的变化now---- then ago---- before today----that day yesterday----the day before; theprevious day tomorrow----the next day; the following day the day beforeyesterday----two days before the day after tomorrow----two days later nextweek/month, etc.----the next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc.----theweek/month before3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go注：在当地转述时，here不变为there，come不变为go.在当天转述时，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不变。

❖ （二）转换方法： ❖ A. 直接引语是陈述句时，改成间接引语要作人称、
时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼 语等方面的变化。 ❖ 1. 人称的变化，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代 词等。
❖ He said , “ I’ve left my book in your room . ” ❖ 他说：“我把我的书落在了你的房间。”
❖ （1）They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说， “我们正在考试。”
❖ They said that they were having an exam then . 他们说 那时他们正在考试。
❖ （2）John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday . ”
❖ ▲ 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。 如me，him等。
❖▲ 从句用陈述语序。 ❖eg .（1）He said , “ Do you
understand ? ” ❖他问，“你理解吗？”
❖ He asked me if / whether I understood .
❖他问我是否我理解了。
❖ （2）He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ”
❖ （3）tonight→that night （4）this week→that week
❖ （5）yesterday→the day before （6）yesterday evening→the evening before
❖ （7）last week→the week before （8）three days ago→three days before

பைடு நூலகம்
(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现 的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在 的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。
The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” → The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
二，时态变化
一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时
复习规律
1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在
口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。 例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room.
around the earth .
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、 某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不 变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April
2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April
20, 1980.
3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接 词，改为陈述语序。例如：
The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
→ The
teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直 接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般 不变化。

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ____? A. how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is C. how well he speaks English
A. where do you come C. where you will come B. where you come D. there you come
7. Ask her ____ come with us.
A. if she will C. that if she will B. if or not she will D. whether will she
10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.
Homework:
1. Review the reading:
The Merchant of Venice(1)
The Merchant of Venice(2)
2. Find the sentences you like in the texts.
5. Did you say_____?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true

“Take off your boots,” he said.
“I don’t know where your bike is,” said the Arab.
“I’m sorry,” the professor said to the class, “but none of you watched carefully enough.”
She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.
She asked, “Did you see the film yesterday, Peter?”
She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the day before.
Direct Speech:
用自己的话转述别人所说的内容。通常 以宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变 为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时 态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少 数动词都要作相应的改变。
Indirect Speech:
时 态 的 变 化
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.”
The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.
陈述句 直接引语变间接引语的结构：
特殊ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้问句：
变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引 导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。
‘’When did they build this bridge?” she asked.

4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “ When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.
Goodbye!
9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。*** 10、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。**** 11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。***** 12、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。**** 13、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。***** 14、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。**** 15、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。***** 16、行动出成果，工作出财富。。*** 17、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。**** 9、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。*** 10、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。**** 11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。***** 12、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。**** 13、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。***** 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。**** 15、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。。。***** 16、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。。*** 17、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。。**** 9、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。。*** 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。**** 11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。***** 12、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。**** 13、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。***** 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。**** 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。。***** 16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。*** 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。****

He asked me
“What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend.
She asked her friend
which room
I
lived in
what
she
thought of
the film
.பைடு நூலகம்
.
3.直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时, 引导词: whether/if …or 语序：陈述句语序 句尾标点：随主句标点
4. Where are you going for vacation, Tony? I asked Tony 5. Do you remember his birthday? She asked 6. “What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me 7. “Are you interested in English?” he said. He asked
He told us,“I want this blue one.”
He told us ____________________________.
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.”
She told me ____________________________.
I was/am
his
was
1. Mary asked, “Could you help me cook dinner?” Mary asked me 2. He asked, “Why are you so late for school, Jimmy?” He asked Jimmy 3. Will you tell me the answer to this question? She asked

Unit1 Friendship语法直接引语和间接引语概念引入：我们先看下面的句子：1.John said, “I'm going to London with my father.”约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。

”2.She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"她说：“你经常来这儿看报吗？3.I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"我问他：“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影？”从上述例句看出：引号内是直接引用别人的原话，这种句子为直接引语。

1.John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。

2.She asked me if (whether)I often went there to read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那儿看报。

3.I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。

从第二组的例句看出，都是别人的原话进行了转述。

在转述中，人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都有所变化。

用法讲解课文原句回放1. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. (Direct speech)安妮说：“我不想在日记中记流水账。

”Anne sa id that she didn’t want to set dow n a series of facts in a diary. (Indirect speech)安妮说她不想在日记中记流水账。

▪
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
▪
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
z
Practice
必修一Unit 1 Friendship
Grammar
z Direct speech &indirect speech
z
Definition 定义
▪ 直接引语 Direct speech ▪ 直接引述别人的原话，把说的话放在引号内 ▪ 间接引语 Indirect speech ▪ 用自己的话转述别人的话。多数情况下构成宾语从句。
z
时态不变的情况
▪ 直接引语中还有情态动词must, need, had better及情态动词的过 去式could, might, should, would等
▪ He said, “ I could swim when I was only six. “
▪ > He said that he could swim when he was only six.
z
句式变换
Transformation
z
指示代词
变化形式 this>that
例句
She said, “I am coming this week.” > She said that she was coming that week.
these>those
He said, “These books are mine.” > He said that those books were his