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英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义：1、 直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I ，me ，my ，mine ，we ，us ，our ，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ，your ，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ，him ，his ，she ，her ，hers,it ，its,they,their ，theirs ，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾：He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ，所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新：He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语直接引语（Direct Speech）和间接引语（Indirect Speech）是英语语法中重要的知识点。
在日常交流和书面表达中，人们经常使用直接引语和间接引语来引述他人的话语内容。
本文将对直接引语和间接引语进行归纳总结，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引语形式。
一. 直接引语（Direct Speech）直接引语是将别人的原话直接引述出来的表达方式。
它通常使用引号将原话包裹起来，并在引号前后使用逗号或句号作为标点符号。
直接引语的语气直接、生动，可以准确地传递原始信息。
1. 表达方式：Tom said, "I like chocolate."2. 特点：- 使用引号标注原话；- 使用逗号或句号标点；- 保留原话的时态、人称和语气。
3. 例句：a) She asked, "What time is it?"b) He shouted, "Stop!"二. 间接引语（Indirect Speech）间接引语是将别人的话转述成自己的话的表达方式，同时改变动词的时态、人称以及其他相关的语言表达手法。
与直接引语相比，间接引语更加客观，不再保留原始语气和说话者的个人情感。
1. 表达方式：Tom said that he liked chocolate.2. 特点：- 去除引号，没有标点符号的限制；- 改变动词的时态、人称和语气；- 可能需要改变疑问句的语序。
3. 例句：a) She asked what time it was.b) He shouted to stop.三. 直接引语转换为间接引语的规则1. 时态转换：- 一般现在时变为一般过去时；- 现在进行时变为过去进行时；- 一般过去时变为过去完成时；- 现在完成时变为过去完成时；- 将来时变为将来过去时。
2. 人称变化：- 第一人称变为第三人称；- 第二人称不变化；- 第三人称根据实际情况变化。
直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语变间接引语A．陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。
与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
She said, We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again, he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
（that可省略）B．疑问句的间接引语1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？→ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether…or 连接。
英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话，被引用的部分通常放在引号内。
例如：He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中，“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语，它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。
2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号。
例如：He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语，它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。
二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称（I或we），在变为间接引语时，要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称（he/she或they）。
- 例如：- 直接引语：I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语：I said that I liked this book.（这里因为主语都是I，人称不变，但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.）- 如果直接引语中的第二人称（you），在变为间接引语时，要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称（I/we）或第三人称（he/she/they）。
- 例如：- 直接引语：He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语：He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语：He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语：He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。
一、直接引语直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语，直接引语通常置于引号内（“引用原话”）。
—“What is it all about?”—“究竟是什么事呢？”—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”—“没有什么，大惊小怪而已。
”二、间接引语用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说过的话，都叫做间接引语。
间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.他说那时他忙得不可开交。
三、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。
1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。
（1）陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。
连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。
引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。
He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”他说：“我昨天感冒了。
”He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.他说他前天感冒了。
Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。
”Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。
在下列情况下，往往要保留that。
什么是直接引语和间接引语？直接引语（Direct Speech）和间接引语（Indirect Speech）是英语中用来引述他人的话语的两种方式。
它们有不同的语法结构和用法。
下面是关于直接引语和间接引语的详细解释和使用指导：1. 直接引语：直接引语是将别人的话语直接引用，使用引号将其括起来。
直接引语保留了原始说话者的原话，包括时态、人称和语气。
例如，直接引语可以是："I love watching movies," she said （"我喜欢看电影，"她说）。
2. 间接引语：间接引语是将别人的话语转述成自己的话，不使用引号。
间接引语通常以动词引导，如say、tell、ask等，并引入一个从句来表示所引述的内容。
间接引语通常改变了时态、人称和语气。
例如，间接引语可以是：She said that she loved watching movies（她说她喜欢看电影）。
3. 直接引语和间接引语的转换：在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，需要注意以下几个方面：-时态的变化：一般情况下，时态会发生变化，根据具体情况进行调整。
例如，一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
-人称的变化：人称也会发生变化，根据具体情况进行调整。
例如，第一人称变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况变为第三人称或保持不变。
-代词的变化：代词也需要根据情况进行变化。
例如，第一人称的代词"I"变为第三人称的代词"he/she"，第二人称的代词"you"根据情况变为第三人称的代词或保持不变。
-时间和地点的变化：时间和地点也可能发生变化，根据具体情况进行调整。
4. 引导词的变化：在间接引语中，引导词通常用来引导从句，并在引语中提供信息。
例如，"She said, 'I love watching movies'"（"她说，'我喜欢看电影'"）可以转换为"She said that she loved watching movies"（她说她喜欢看电影）。
英语：直接引语和间接引语一、区别：直接引语指直接引用别人说的话，有引号。
间接引语指用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
二、要点：直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
三、引导词的选择及语序1. 陈述句：S + V + that + 陈述语序(S + V)“That is the trouble”, said Bill.改为：Bill said ___________________________the trouble.注意：that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday.2. 一般疑问句：S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序(S + V)He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”改为：He asked us ___________________________leaving that night.3. 特殊疑问句：S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序(S + V)“Why did you lock the door?” father said to Anne.改为：Father asked Anne ____________________________________the door.四、时态的一致1．主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：2．直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”改为：The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ noise in the library.3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变：Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.”改为：Wei Fang said _________ _________ _________ born in 1994.4.直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：He says, “I have been married for 3 years.”改为：He said that _________ _________ _________ _________ for 3 years.五、人称及状语的变化1．人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）试观察：She said to him, “I am very hungry.”改为：She told him that she was very hungry.She said to him, “You are very nice.”改为：She told him that he was very nice.She said to him, “Lily is very nice.”改为：She told him that Lily was very nice.2.状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”。
English Grammar ( The Third lesson)
直接引语和间接英语
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。
一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
例如：
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。
Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、人称的变化
He said , “I like it very much.”
→He said _ very much.
He said, “You told me this story.”
→He said that this story.
He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.
He told me that left book in room.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语间接引语
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应
变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
1.He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。
” →He said that he the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
2.She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
→She said that she from him since May.
3.He said ，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。
” →He said that he to help me.他说他来帮助我。
4.He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he his homework before supper.
5.Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”
→Zhou Lan said that she it after class.
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”
→The teacher said that the ea rth is round.
（三 ）一般疑问句
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时 一般过去时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 一般将来进行时 一般将来完成时
一般疑问句，变为间接英语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked，由if或whether引导。
He said, “ Are you interested in English?”
He interested in English.
She said, “Did you see him last night?”
She him the night before.
特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
“What do you want?” he asked me.
He asked me .
“What do you call your diary? She asked Ann.
She asked Anne her diary.
四．祈使句
转述祈使句时，在动词前加to ，变成tell、ask，order sb to do sth 即可
The hostess said to us , “ Please sit down.”
The hostess us .
Father said to him , “ Go away.”
Father him .
He said , “Don’t make so much noise.”
He the boys make so much noise.
即学即练：将直接引与改为间接引语
1He said:“I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.”
3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”
5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
Revision(复习）
一．判断下列句子属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1.
2.She gave me a determined look.
3.
4.Ever since middle school, my sister and I have dreamed about taking a bike trip.
5.She can be really stubborn.
6.
7.An attitude is what a person thinks about something.
8.
9.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.
10.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling .
二．完成句子。
（读课文，练语感。
课文当中的经典句型你还记得多少呢？）
1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River to where it ends. (begin)
首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点做骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。
2. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very
cold,she said it . (be)
当我告诉她，那里的空气稀薄，呼吸困难时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
3. Once she , nothing can change it.(mind)
一旦她已下定决心，就没有什么能改变她的心意。
4.After college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.
大学毕业后，我们终于有机会做一次自行车旅行。
5. Although she did not know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she properly. (orgnize)
虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要把这次旅游安排的尽善尽美。
6. She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she .(mind)
她给了我一个坚定的眼神，这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
三．佳句必备（多多积累句子，会为你的文章增色不少哦！）
1.Action speak louder than word行动胜于言语！
2.Never say die.永不气馁！
3.Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow. 今日事今日毕！
4.The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好！
5.Where there is a will, where is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
