Part Ⅱ Using language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语

Part ⅡUsing language——动词－ed形式作状语【思维导图】名师提醒动词－ed形式属于非谓语动词的一种。

所谓非谓语动词，就是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。

由于非谓语动词不能单独用作谓语，所以从理论上说，它也就没有实际意义上的主语。

1．动词－ed形式是分词的一种。

规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加－ed构成(规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。

2．动词－ed形式作状语，相当于状语从句或并列句；通常情况下，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与主语间为被动关系；该动作表示被动、完成；分词可位于句首和句后；动词－ed形式与动词－ing形式在句中都可作状语，但有很大区别。

一、基础特征感悟【感悟用法】1．Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.2．Some medicines，wrongly taken，can kill a person.3．Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.4．Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.5．The patient got off the bed，supported by the nurse.6．The cup fell down to the ground，broken.【自我总结】1．所有句子中动词－ed形式都作状语，其逻辑主语都是句子的主语，与主语间为被动含义。

2．动词－ed形式的位置可以在句子开头、中间和末尾。

3．以上句子中的动词－ed形式分别作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、结果状语。

二、主要用法精讲【重点归纳】1．动词－ed形式作状语的意义动词－ed形式作状语来源于状语从句或并列句。

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结1.作目的状语 :I came here to see you.To stop the train, pull the lever downwards.目的状语还可以用如下表达法：肯定：toin order to+ 动词原形so as toI come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her.thatso that+ 主语+ may/might +动词原形in order thatI come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her.否认：not toin order not to+ 动词原形so as not tothatso that + 主语 + may/might + not + 动词原形 in order thatHe went away not to see me.=He went away in order not to see me.=He went away so as not to see me.=He went away in order that he might not see me.=He went away that he might not see me.=He went away so that he might not see me.in order to, in order that 和 so as to, so that的区别in order to 可以用在句首或句末，但so as to 只能用在句末。

如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early. 〔此时不能用so as to〕so as to 和 in order to 的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了〞。

9
2.动词-ed形式与主语间的关系 通常情况下，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，也就是说，动词-ed形式与句 子的主语之间是动宾关系，主语与动词间是被动含义。 Encouraged by their teacher，the students worked even harder. 受老师的鼓励，学生们学习更努力了。 由句子含义可看出，句子主语the students是动词encourage的宾语，即动作的承受者， encourage the students鼓励学生，故主语the students与encourage之间为被动含义。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。 同样，句子主语I和分词动作give间为被动关系。
12
(2)动词-ed形式作状语时，动词-ed形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的 被动关系。 Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他可能会表现得更好。 Asked why he did it，the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及为什么做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
16
名师提醒 部分动词－ed形式来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。 这 类 动 词 － ed 形 式 及 短 语 常 见 的 有 ： lost in( 陷 入 某 种 状 态 ) ， seated( 坐 着 的 ) ， hidden(躲着)，stationed(驻扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于，专心于)，born in(出身于)， dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦了)，faced with(面对……)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound. 因为专心于思考，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

PartⅡUsinglanguage——动词不定式作定语和结果状语Part ⅡUsing language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语【思维导图】⼀、基本特征感悟【感悟⽤法】①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.②He studied hard only to fail.【⾃我总结】句①中的to play是不定式，作game的定语。

句②中的to fail 是不定式，作结果状语。

⼆、主要⽤法精讲1.动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语常⽤来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。

There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担⼼的。

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.筹集资⾦最好的⽅式是卖报纸。

(2)如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成⽴。

When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place to live in.当你搬到⼀个新的地⽅时，⾸先要找⼀个住处。

2.动词不定式作结果状语(1)动词不定式表⽰结果时，其逻辑主语就是句⼦的主语。

结果状语常常只限于learn(得知)，find(发现)，see，hear，to be told(被告知)，make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知⼥⼉刚刚订婚了。

Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth，never to be seen again.恐龙已经从地球上灭绝，将永不再被看到。

专题04重点语法复习：不定式作定语和结果状语▲动词不定式作定语动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。

这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。

动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。

这类名词有chance,way,opportunity,right(权利),dream,ambition,time,power,ability,attempt,promise,wish, plan,decision,tendency,failure等。

I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail.我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。

【名师点津】(1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。

但place,time,way后不定式的介词常省略。

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。

The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.那位老人正在找一个安静的地方住。

(2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。

Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics.杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。

▲动词不定式作结果状语1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得),turn out to be等具有界限含义的动词。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued.他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。

14
@《创新设计》
即学即练2 单句语法填空 ①Mr.Smith is very ___in_t_e_re_s_t_in_g__ and we are __i_n_t_er_e_s_te_d___ in his lessons.(interest) ②As we joined the big crowd，I got ____s_e_p_a_ra_t_e_d______ (separate) from my friends. ③I feel a little __em__b_a_r_ra_s_s_e_d_ (embarrass) but I’d really like to meet you. ④Her exam results were ___d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_ti_n_g___ (disappoint) but she tried to put a brave face on it. ⑤Jack was so _____f_r_ig_h_t_e_n_e_d_______ (frighten) that his knees knocked together. ⑥According to the artist，the painting is ___e_x_p_e_ct_e_d___ (expect) to go for at least a million dollars.
13
@《创新设计》
即学即练1 对比翻译 ①他的工作是粉刷墙。 ____H_i_s_j_o_b_i_s_p_a_i_n_ti_n_g_w__a_ll_s._________________________________________________ ②他的工作是粉刷这面墙。 ____H_i_s_j_o_b_i_s _to__p_a_in_t_t_h_e_w__a_ll_. _______________________________________________

语法精讲②不定式作定语和结果状语1．不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词(也叫中心词)。

动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。

(1)主谓关系不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行的。

可以改成定语从句。

①不定式可用来修饰人。

He is a man to finish his task best.他是任务完成得最好的人。

→He is a man who has finished his task best.He was a brave man to admit what he had done.他是个敢做敢当的英勇之人。

→He was a brave man who could admit what he had done.②不定式可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。

The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。

→The next train which would arrive was from New York.The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.下个月将在北京召开的世界数学大会肯定会取得圆满胜利。

→The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.(2)动宾关系不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系，可改成定语从句。

跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。

不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for sb./sth.指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。

动词不定式由“to ＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式 标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法 功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
一、不定式作定语 1．动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词 something, nothing等后面作后置定语，如果其逻辑主语是句子 的主语，不定式用主动式。 I have nothing to tell you. 我没什么事情告诉你。
3．不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑 主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不 定式是不及物动词，其后应加上相应的介词。 The poor man had no money and no place to live in. 这个可怜的人没有钱，也没有地方住。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空 ①Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change) lives, including your own. ②In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do (do)． ③She is always the first student to come (come) to school.
余额；余款
3．It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your
mind and calm your body. 它包括做非常缓慢的体育锻炼，以放松你的思想和平静你的
身体。

Part ⅡUsing language——定语从句(3) 【思维导图】Ⅰ.基本特征感悟【感悟用法】The man to whom you talked just now is my English teacher.He is adopting a new teaching method in which we are all interested.Tomorrow is the Teachers’ Day on which we are going to give him a gift in order to thank him.【自我总结】上文中黑体部分引导的是定语从句，它们均为介词＋关系代词。

Ⅱ.主要用法精讲一、“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词“介词＋关系代词”是一种普遍使用的结构。

“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。

Do you remember the day on which (when) you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人她能够求助。

二、“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。

1.一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。

介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。

(比如时间常和on, in, by搭配；地点常用on，in，at；原因用for；方式用in，by，with 等)This is the house in which (where) the inventor lived.这就是那位发明家住过的房子。

2.二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。

根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。

He is the person of whom everyone has heard.(hear of 听说)他是那位所有人都听说过的人。

新外研社（19）高中英语必修二Unit 3 On the move--Using language公开课教案Teaching objectives:1.Enable students to understand the structure and function of to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result.2.Guide students to understand the use of to-infinitive and adverbial of result, and apply them in the real context.3.Lead students to learn the words and expressions about different forms of exercise and their benefits.4.Help students to learn about Chinese traditional sports. Deepen their understanding of Chinese culture and improve their awareness of spreading Chinese culture.Evaluation objectives；1.Students can identify the structure and function of to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result.2.Students can understand the use of to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result, and apply them in the result context.3.Students can master the words and expressions about different forms of exercise and their benefits and can get the key information of the listening material.Teaching key points:1.Let students transform sentences from attributive clauses and adverbial clauses to to-infinitive.2.Let students learn the basic characteristic of to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result and grasp the commonly-used structure and the causes where to-infinitive can be used.3.Let students apply to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result correctly in the real context.Teaching difficult points:1.Lead students to learn the words and expressions about different forms of exercise and their benefits.2.Help students improve their listening ability.Teaching methods:Cooperative Teaching Method, Task-based Approach, Communicative Approach Teaching procedures:Step 1:Lead-inWhat similar structure is used in the imaginary dialogue between Wang Hao and his son?Son:Dad,can I have a ping-pong ball to play?Wang Hao:Darling,when you are old enough to play it,I will show you how to do it.To-infinitive is used in both sentences.Step 2:Discovery1.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.a.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.b.It is fun enough to attract millions of people.(1)What is the function of “to play” in sentence (a)?Is it used to give description or show result?(2)What is the function of “to attract” in sentence (b)?Is it used to give description or show result?pare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.c.That football is such a simple game that people play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.d.It is so fun that it attracts millions of people.(2)Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage?3.Now look for more sentences with to-infinitive as attributive or adverbial of result in the reading passage A Game for the World.Suggested answers:1.(1)“To play”serves as attributive in sentence(a).It is used to give description.(2)“To attract”serves as adverbial of result in sentence(b).It is used to show result.2.(1)Sentences(a) and(b) use to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result,while sentences(c) and (d) use attributive and adverbial clauses.(2)Because using to-infinitive makes sentences more concise.3.(1)What’s more,football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate...(2)...,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together-one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.Step 3:Analysis不定式作定语1.不定式作定语,要放在哪里?I want to get something to read during the vacation.假期里我想找点书读。

P23 3
Twenty years later
Twenty years later, I’ll b_e__a_r_e_ti_re_d__te_a_c_h_e_r
Seated by the side of a clean river Watching the risen sun in summer Enjoying the fallen leaves in autumn And appriciating faded flowers in winter Twenty years later,
3. The club, _fo_u__n_d_e_d_ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
V-ed作定语与V-ing作定语的区别：
Rule 4: V-ing表主动、正在进行或经常性的动作； V-ed 表被动、动作已经完成
A penny s_a_v_e_d_ (save) is a penny e_a_r_n__e_d(earn). 省钱就是赚钱。
More examples:
1. Watching the _f_in_i_s_h_e_d_ (finish) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling. 2. Those guests _s_e_a_te_d__ (seat) at the front row came from a European country. 3. The film __b_a_s_ed__ (base) on the novel by Moyan has got the first prize in the Oscar film festival. 4. The poor man _w_o_n_d__er_i_n_g_ (wonder) on the road was out of work, helpless and hopeless. 5. The professor _g_i_v_in_g_ (give) a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University.

不定式其他句法功能
1. 不定式在句中能做主语，往往用形式主语it代替。 To succeed calls for hard work. 同义句_I_t_c_a_ll_s_f_o_r _h_a_rd__w_o_r_k_t_o_s_u_c_c_e_e_d__. 2. 不定式一般做动词的宾语，不直接做介词的宾语，但“疑问词+to do”结构可 以做介词的宾语。 My husband has decided _to__q_u_it_s_m__o_k_in_g__. (戒烟) We are talking about _h_o_w__to__d_e_a_l _w_it_h_t_h_e_p_r_o_b_le_m__. (怎样解决这个问题) 【拓展】只接不定式不接动名调作宾语的动词常见的有afford, agree， arrange, choose, decide, demand, determine, expeect, help, hesitate, hope, long, manage,ofer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
a 4. Find a bar that will support your weight. This builds strength in
your upper body, especially in your arms and back.
e 5. This develops the muscles in your stomach region and improves
your heart and you’ll burn a lot of calories without going anywhere!

Unit2 Grammar 语法动词不定式作定语和结果状语课时作业一、单项选择1．She is going to deliver a speech at the conference ________next week.A．to hold B．to take place C．occurred D．held2．He is not an easy man ________.A．get on B．to get on C．get on with D．to get on with 3．Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.A．to stay B．staying C．stayed D．stay4．She has no money and no time ________.A．travels B．travelling C．to travel D．travelled 5．Yuan Longping is the first agricultural pioneer ________ hybrid rice.A．to grow B．grow C．grew D．growing 6．This is the only way I can think of ________ getting into trouble. A．preventing him from B．to prevent himC．stopping him from D．to keep him7．They believed in man’s ability ________ the world.A．change B．to change C．changing D．changed 8．Joann Childers,42 years old, said she was one of the first ________ the top of the mountain.A．reaching B．reached C．being reached D．to reach 9．When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity________ great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.A．to acquire B．to acquiring C．acquire D．to be acquired 10．Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ________.A．blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed 11．The man wearing the black suit was the one ________ for chopping down the old tree ________ around ninety meters tall in the botanic garden.A．to be blamed, measured B．to blame, measuringC．should blame, to be measured D．should be blamed, to be measured12．If there’s a lot of work________, I’m very happy to keep on until it is finished. A．to do B．to be doing C．done D．doing13．It’s time _______ your relationship.A．rethink B．to rethink C．to rethinking D．to be rethinking 14．We walked a long way to the library, only ________ that it was closed because of the Covid-19.A．finding B．found C．to find D．having found 15．Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the houses ________ I used to be familiar with were gone.A．only finding; which B．only found; thatC．to find; whom D．only to find; that16．He turned on the channel, only ________ that the basketball match between China and America was over.A．to find B．to be found C．finding D．having found 17．Be careful! The tea is too hot________.A．for drinking B．to drinkC．to drink it D．for you to drink it18．Have you ever tried your best to paint, only ________ the paints were wrongly mixed?A．found B．finding C．to find D．to have found 19．Tom returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.A．told B．telling C．to be told D．being told 20．Many parents don't take their kids' interests and ages into consideration, only________ “More haste, less speed” —their curiosity is being killed.A．find B．finding C．found D．to find 21．Nick phoned Daisy half an hour after they found Gatsby’s body, only _____ she and Tom had left.A．to find B．having found C．found D．founding 22．She returned only _______that the house was a mess but had no idea who was ________.A．to find; to be blamed B．finding; blamedC．to have found; blamed D．to find; to blame23．We hurried to the classroom, only _________ that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather.A．to tell B．telling C．to be told D．being told 24．He went to bed ______. The next morning he woke up only ______ himself lying on the floor.A．drinking; to find B．drunk; to findC．being drunk; finding D．to drink; finding25．Now the ice isn’t hard enough ______ on. So we have no choice but ______ away.A．to skate; to go B．skating; goC．skate; going D．skates; going二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

3.so+adj./adv.+as to+动词原形,意为“如此…… 以至于……”。 She is so clever as to solve the problem. The little boy ran so fast as to fall down.
4.“only+动词不定式”常表示令人意外的结果。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. George returned home after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
(2) 不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 而该不定式为不及物动词时， 其后须加上适当 的介词，构成及物动词短语。 I am looking for a room to live in. I need a piece of paper to write on. There is nothing to worry about.
不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place 或way时，不定式后的介词一般要省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
(3)当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时， 不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比：
There is nothing to do.无事可做。（有“无聊感”）
I'm glad to have the opportunity to talk/of talking to you about biology.
• ②在ability,failure,promise,wish,tendency等名 词后，通常用动词不定式作定语。

课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业
(1)单句语法填空
①It took her a long time to adjust to
(live) alone abroad.
②IHale Waihona Puke ve made a few minor
(adjust) to the plan.
③Climate change may force many crops to adjust
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业
I have a lot of work to do . 我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系) He is the first person to think of the idea . 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系) I have no time to go there . 我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系) He has got a chance to go abroad . 他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)
答案
9．She was too young to understand that. 答案：结果状语
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业
答案
10．The poor often have no room to live in. 答案：定语
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业
答案
Ⅱ.单句写作 1．突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业

不定式表示原因时，一般放在情感形容词的后面。
表目的
I will do anything to get a prize. 我为了得到一个奖会做任何事。
相当于“目的状语从句”
I will do anything in order that I get a prize. 为了奖，我能做出任何事。
不定式表示目的时，常可同in order to，so as to换用。
◦2．Some people try to knock me down, only ________ me more determined to do better.
◦A．to make B．makes C．having made D．making
◦3．He hurried to the station only ________ the train had left.
像不定式这样的非谓语动词还有简化从句 的作用。
to do做结果状语一般是表示意料之外的结果
I hurried to school, only to find the gate locked. (教材P26) It is fun enough to attract millions of people. He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never to be seen again.
四看 see, look at, watch,
notice, observe
不定式做状语
表原因
I was surprised to get a prize. 我很震惊（因为）得到一个奖。