大连外国语学院大外二外英语考研真题考研试题考研试卷

1992年大连外国语大学英语学院661语言学考研真题（含答案）1. List the six important characteristics of human language.2. What are the types of morphemes?3. Illustrate the deep and surface structures.4. What do you know about the semantic features?5. How does language change?Key1. Linguists are in broad agreement about some of the important characteristics of human language, and most of them would accept a tentative definition like the following: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(1) Arbitrariness--When we say “language is arbitrary” , we mean that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. There is no reason why we should use the sounds [dag] to d enote the animal “dog”.(2) Duality--Language is a system. The system has two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is important for the workings of language. A small number of sounds can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning (words),and the units of meaning can be arranged and rearrangedinto an infinite number of sentences. The nature of this relationship constitutes a most interesting problem. For instance, we make dictionaries of a language, but we cannot make a dictionary of sentences of that language. For the number of words is relatively finite, but the number of sentences is absolutely infinite. This feature of language offers its users the possibility to talk about anything within their knowledge. No animal communication system has duality, or ever comes near to possessing it.(3) Productivity--Language is productive in the sense that users can understand and producesentences they have never heard before. Every day we send messages that have never before been sent and understand novel messages. Much of what we say and hear we say and hear for the first time; yet there seems no problem of understanding. For example, the sentence "A red-eyed elephant is dancing on the hotel bed" must be new to all readers of this book and it does not describe a common happening in the world. Nevertheless, nobody has any difficulty in understanding it. Productivity seems peculiar to human language.(4) Displacement--Language can be used to refer to things which are not present: real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future or in far away places. In other words, language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by “displacement”. This property of language provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from the warriers caused by remoteness in time and place.(5) Cultural transmission--Animal call systems are genetically transmitted. That is, animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species. All cats, gibbons and bees, for example, have systems which are almost identical to those of all other cats, gibbons and bees. With human beings, things are different: a Chinese speaker and an English speaker are not mutually intelligible. This shows that language is culturally transmitted. That is, it is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning, rather than by instinct. This is not to deny that human capacity for language has a genetic basis; in fact only human beings can learn a human language at birth and he has to be exposed to a language in order to acquire it.(6) Interchangeability--Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producerand a receiver of messages. The communication systems of gibbons and bees have this feature, but those of certain other animals do not. For instance some male birds possess calls which females do no have, and certain kinds of fish have similar sex-restricted types of communication. Their calls and patterns are not interchangeable between the sexes.(Form Linguistics: A Course Book by Hu Zhuanglin, Liu Runqing and Li Yanfu. )2. Morphemes are commonly classified into free forms (morphemes which can occur as separate words) and bound forms (morphemes which cannot so occur--mainly affixes): thus unselfish consists of the three morphemes un, self and ish, of which self is a free form, un- and-ish bound forms.3. Deep structure--A central theoretical term in generative grammars; opposed to surface structure. "Deep structure" is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence--an underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. This level provides information which enables us to distinguish between the alternative interpretations of sentences which have the same surface form, e.g. Flying planes can be dangerous, where flying planes can be related to two underlying sentences, Planes which fly.., and To fly planes... It is also a way of relating sentences which have different surface forms but the same underlying meaning, as in the relationship between surface forms but the same underlying meaning, as in the relationship between active and passive stru ctures, e.g. “The panda chased the man”as opposed to “The man was chased by the panda”.Transformational grammars would derive one of these alternatives from the other, or perhaps both from an even more abstract (“deeper”) underlying structure. The various grammatical relations in such sentences can then be referred to as the “deep subject”, “deep object”, etc.(contrasted with “surface subject”,etc. ). It is also possible to compute the “deep” at which a transformation operates, by referring to the number of stages in a derivation before it applies, and some attempt has been made to correlate this notion with the complexity of a sentence.Surface structure —A central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to deep structure. The “surface structure” of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to thephonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure of the sentence we articulate and hear. Analysing a surface string of morphemes through constituent analysis is universal procedure which indicates many important facts about linguistic structure; but it by no means indicates, or how we intuitively. For such reasons, linguists in the late 1950s postulated a deep or “underlying” structure for sentences — a level of structural organization in which all the factors determining structual interpretation are defined and interrelated. The standard view is that a grammar operates by generating a set of abstract deep structures, subsequently converting these underlying representations into surface structures by applying a set of transformational rules. This two-level conception of grammatical structure is still widely held, though it has been much criticised in recent generative studies. An alternative conception is to relate surface structure directly to a semantic level of representation, by passing deep structure altogether. More recently, a modified conception known as S-structure bas been introduced.4. Semantic features are similar to the category of trope in traditional rhetoric, in which an expression is used in a sense other than its proper of literal one. Semantic features can be categorized into four kinds.(1) Redundancy. In ordinary communication, semantic redundancy is regarded as a fault of style and has been disapproved by generations of rhetoricians and language teachers. However, it has various stylistic effects in literary work.(2) Absurdity. Semantic absurdity results from a combination of contradictoryor incongruouswords but is nothing unobservable in reality.(3) Figurative meaning. Figurative meaning is the transference of meaning through sense association.(4) Honest deception. Honest deception refers to the deliberate use of overstatement and understatement so as to achieve emphasis.(From Linguistics: A Course Book by Hu Zhuanglin, Liu Runqing and Li Yanfu)5. It has been observed that language is something which behaves like animate beings. The fact that people talk about the growth and death of a certain language is no longer a wonder. The dying out of many Indian languages on the American continent, which once challenged the efforts of a whole generation of American structuralists, has long been known to the rest of the world. Sometimes we could even find the rebirth of a language, Hebrew in Israel for example. This at least shows that language has been constantly changing.Changes can take place at different levels of language: lexical change, phonological change, grammatical change, semantic change, orthographic change.(Form Linguistics: A Course Book by Hu Zhuanglin, Liu Runqing and Li Yanfu)。

2020年-2021年大连外国语学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书育明教育506大印老师联合各大翻硕名校导师及考研状元联合整理2019年9月10日星期日【温馨解析】翻译硕士MTI专业，是一个比较适合于非英语专业学生报考的研究生考研专业，尤其是对于非英语专业的考生而言，一定要把握住汉语写作与百科知识（参考《汉语写作与百科知识》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版）以及政治这两门课，因为这是加分项，是可以凸显优势的两门课所以，一定要重视。

此外，每个院校考察的汉语写作与百科知识的侧重点是不同的，比如北大侧重中国古代文学及历史，北外侧重考察时政热点。

而且从翻译硕士英语和英语翻译基础而言，考察的也不同（参考《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；《翻译硕士考研真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版）。

比如，北大侧重于现当代文学的翻译，北二外侧重经济管理类的翻译等。

目录一、2020年翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研笔记（2020年考研状元整理）二、2021年翻译硕士MTI考研复习技巧及名师指导：词汇、翻译技巧、汉百与写作三、2021年全国150所翻译硕士MTI院校考研参考书、报名人数、复试线、报录比及参考书具体内容一、2020年翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研笔记参考书：1.《英译中国现代散文选》，张培基（三册中至少一册），上海外语出版社，20072.《高级翻译理论与实践》，叶子南，清华大学出版社，20013.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，20194.《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓，中国对外翻译出版公司，20085. 《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2020考研笔记：■词汇：[1]熟悉不少于英语专业八级（如GRE）要求的词汇量，具有大学英语四级[CET-4]至大学英语六级[CET-6]（4000-5000）的积极词汇，较为熟练掌握这些词汇的用法；[2]熟悉政治、经济、文化、法律领域的一般概念及其英语表达。

2015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

试题举例一.词汇翻译：将下划线单词译成中文。

（10小题，各1分，共10分）1.한번결정이내려진일에대해서는오로지일사불란한실행뿐이었다.()二.单项选择题。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）（）1.下列作品中不属于盘骚里类小说的是①춘향전②심청전③흥부전④조웅전（）2.体现“江湖歌道”自然文学风格的是朝鲜前期的①时调②高丽歌谣③歌辞④景几体歌三.填空题：用韩文填空。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）1.在韩国的古典小说中首部汉文小说作品是金时习的（《》）。

四．对应选择题：将作家的序号写在其创作的作品后边。

（10小题，各1分，共10分）①김동인②현진건③이광수④염상섭⑤심훈⑥최서해⑦김유정⑧이상⑨채만식⑩박영희1.《무정》(③)2.《약한자의슬픔》(①)3.《삼대》(④)4.《빈처》(②)5.《철야》(⑩)6.《팔개월》(⑥)7.《날개》(⑧)8.《동백꽃》(⑦)9.《탁류》(⑨)10.《상록수》(⑤)五．翻译句子。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）1.화들짝놀라면서도이모는내책가방을뒤져서찾아낸편지만은떨어뜨리지않았다.六．简答题。

（4小题，各5分，共20分）1.简述金万重创作的«九云梦»（구운몽）的故事结构特点。

七.阅读短文，回答问题。

（2小题，各10分，共20分）소유욕은이해(利害)와정비례한다.（A）그것은개인뿐아니라국가간의관계도마찬가지.어제의맹방(盟邦)(B)들이오늘에는맞서게되는가하면,서로으르렁대던(C)나라끼리친선사절을교환하는사례를우리는얼마든지보고있다.그것은오로지소유(所有)에바탕을둔(D)이해관계때문인것이다.만약인간의역사가소유사에서무소유사로그향을바꾼다면어떻게될까.아마싸우는일은거의없을것이다.주지못해싸운다는말은듣지못했다.（E）1.这是谁写的哪部作品中的内容？2.请用韩语解释句子A，并翻译。

大连外国语学院2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学（A卷）考生请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，将标号写清楚。

写在试卷上不给分。

I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they false(20 points)1. The design features of human languages include only creativity and displacement.2. The bow-wow theory, the pooh-pooh theory and the “yo-he-ho” theory are well-established theory with adequate supportive evidences.3. Recreational function and metalingual function are the most important functions of language.4. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.5. Macrolinguistics is of interdisciplinary nature.6. Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics study speech sounds.7. Fictive is among the eleven places of articulation which are distinguished on the IPA chart.8. A physically definable unit, the common factor underlying a set of forms, and a grammatical unit are used to discuss the definition of “word”.9. Broadening, narrowing, meaning shift, class shift and semantic change contribute to change in sentence meaning.10. In Saussure’s view, language is a system of sings, each of which consists of two parts: SIGNIFIED (sound image) and SIGNIFER (concept).11. Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the ways sounds are combined to form sentences in a language.12. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized－sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation with the technical terms of synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy respectively.13. Pairs of words like buy-sell and lend-borrow belong to complementary antonymy.14. Cognitive psycholinguistics is concerned with making inferences about the content of the human mind.15. The theory of CONTEXT OF SITUATION can be summarized as follows: the relevant features of the participants, the relevant object and the effects of the verbal action.16. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.17. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is termed literary stylistics.18. CAI aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives.19. Communicative Competence has two components: appropriateness and performance.20. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of FUCTION.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter (20points)1. A______ of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language , it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.2. Speaking of the manners of articulation, p______ is complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth..3. V______ is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is [k] as in “cat”.4. The principle of a______ creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.5. G______ is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.6. P______ logic is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth ofa composite proposition is determined by the truth of value of its constituent propositions and the connections between them.7. The principle of r______ is defined as every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance.8. Assonance describes s______ with a common vowel (cVc).9. The type of l______ constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as interlanguage.10. E______ is the grammatically incorrect form; mistake appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.III. Mark the choice that best completes the statement (20points)1. The dog barks wow wow in English but wangwangwang in Chinese. This indicates the ______ relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning.A. arbitraryB. dualC. creativeD. displaced2. The _______function of language is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.A. recreationalB. emotiveC. interpersonalD. performative3. ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.A. V owelsB. Semi-vowelsC. ConsonantsD. Semi-consonants4. There are two possibilities of assimilation. If a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, we call it ____ assimilation.A. progressiveB. precedingC. precedingD. regressive5. The term ___ refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separation words to produce a single form.A. compoundB. derivationC. inventionD. blending6. ___ refers to a type of word-forming where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.A. BorrowingB. Back-formationC. AcronymD. Analogical creation7. ___, also known agreement, maybe defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.A. tenseB. aspectC. concordD. government8. The ___ construction is defined as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents, such as “on the shelf”.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate9. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the ___ theory.A. integratedB. sense relationC. subordinateD. coordinate10. Ogden and Richards proposes a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, but it is mediated by ____.A. triangleB. conceptC. meaningD. referential11. ___ describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in the language.A. Cohort TheoryB. Frequency EffectC. Recency EffectD. Context Effect12. General context effect occurs when our ___ knowledge about the world influences language comprehension.A. generalB. specificC. discourseD. text13. Language may determine our thinking patterns. This is part of the ___.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesesB. Cross-Cultural Communication theoryC. Context of situation theoryD. Ethnography of Communication theory14. ____ may be said to equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.A. LocutionaryB. Perloculationary ActC. Illocutionary principleD. Performatives15. Which of the following are not the four categories of maxims introduced by Grice?A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. obscurity16. Make your contribution necessary and say no more than you must. This is the ___ proposed by Horn.A. Q-principleB. R-principleC. Cooperative principleD. Q-based principle17. The person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event. In this case, the critics call the narrator ___. A. third-person narrator B. I-narratorC. First narratorD. Indirect narrator18. ___ deals with the principles and practice of using a large body of machine-readable texts in language study.A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. PragmaticsD. Corpus linguistics19. Classified by different aims, there are four types of test. Which is not one of them?A. AptitudeB. Attitude testC. Proficiency testD. achievement test20. Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a ___.DB.MTC. S→R R→SD. ESTⅣ. Match each in Column A with a term in Column B that best describes it (10 points)Ⅴ. Write out the scholar that is closely connected with the concept or theory (10 points)Ⅵ. Analyze two possible interpretations of the following ambiguous expressions by IC Analysis (10 points) Leave the boy at homeⅦ. Explain the following concepts or theories (20 points)1. Language and parole (4 points)2. Morpheme (4 points)3. Explain the three major strands of psycholinguistics research comprehension, production and acquisition (4 points)4. Stress (at word level) (4 points)5. Computational linguistics (4 points)Ⅷ. Essay questions (40 points)1. Illustrate arbitrariness of language with examples. (10 points)2. What is “compound”? Illustrate it with examples from English. (10 points)3. Illustrate Austin’s claim about the type of sentences “performtives”. (10 points)4. What are the contributions of sociolinguistics to language teaching? (10 points)。

1/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

学院、专业代码、专业名称及研究方向2013年招生人数考试科目备注001英语学院79招收推免生050201英语语言文学01英语语言学02英国文学03美国文学04加拿大文学05中西文化比较06西方戏剧07翻译理论与实践48①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试050211外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）01理论语言学02应用语言学03翻译理论与实践31①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试考研时想要取得好成绩，总要寻找各种各样的成功秘诀，但是你是否曾留意，很多考2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2生在毫不觉察的情况下，就已经沉溺于误区，甚至因此付出了惨痛的代价。

接下来为大家详细分析这些误区，考生若能避免则考研成功率会大大提升。

一、盲目做题不少考生以为考研复习就是要拼命做题,做得越多效果越好，其实不然。

正确的方法应该是在做题之后进行总结归纳,找出共性的问题和方法,同时还要及时记忆,一环扣一环,任何一环都不可缺乏。

在选择复习内容时,一定要去伪存真,去粗取精,并教会正确记忆的方法。

针对个人出错的情况,考生最好整理到属于自己的难题错题本上随时翻阅,这是一个好方法。

2015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

试题举例一.词汇翻译：将下划线单词译成中文。

（10小题，各1分，共10分）1.한번결정이내려진일에대해서는오로지일사불란한실행뿐이었다.()二.单项选择题。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）（）1.下列作品中不属于盘骚里类小说的是①춘향전②심청전③흥부전④조웅전（）2.体现“江湖歌道”自然文学风格的是朝鲜前期的①时调②高丽歌谣③歌辞④景几体歌三.填空题：用韩文填空。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）1.在韩国的古典小说中首部汉文小说作品是金时习的（《》）。

四．对应选择题：将作家的序号写在其创作的作品后边。

（10小题，各1分，共10分）①김동인②현진건③이광수④염상섭⑤심훈⑥최서해⑦김유정⑧이상⑨채만식⑩박영희1.《무정》(③)2.《약한자의슬픔》(①)3.《삼대》(④)4.《빈처》(②)5.《철야》(⑩)6.《팔개월》(⑥)7.《날개》(⑧)8.《동백꽃》(⑦)9.《탁류》(⑨)10.《상록수》(⑤)五．翻译句子。

（10小题，各2分，共20分）1.화들짝놀라면서도이모는내책가방을뒤져서찾아낸편지만은떨어뜨리지않았다.六．简答题。

（4小题，各5分，共20分）1.简述金万重创作的«九云梦»（구운몽）的故事结构特点。

七.阅读短文，回答问题。

（2小题，各10分，共20分）소유욕은이해(利害)와정비례한다.（A）그것은개인뿐아니라국가간의관계도마찬가지.어제의맹방(盟邦)(B)들이오늘에는맞서게되는가하면,서로으르렁대던(C)나라끼리친선사절을교환하는사례를우리는얼마든지보고있다.그것은오로지소유(所有)에바탕을둔(D)이해관계때문인것이다.만약인간의역사가소유사에서무소유사로그향을바꾼다면어떻게될까.아마싸우는일은거의없을것이다.주지못해싸운다는말은듣지못했다.（E）1.这是谁写的哪部作品中的内容？2.请用韩语解释句子A，并翻译。

大连外国语学院2003年语言学试题大连外国语学院2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学注意：①答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上不给分；②必须在答题纸上将题号标写清楚。

I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they are false. (20%)1. Sonorants are always voiced.2. [∫] is a palatal approximant.3. English obstruents can be distinguished by voicing.4. By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.5. A stem may contain a root and a derivational suffix.6. Derivational affixes very often add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem.7. In the production of consonants at least three articulators are involved.8. [u] is a high back lax rounded vowel.9. When allophones are in complementary distribution, they never occur in the same context.10. A word, rather than a morpheme, is a grammatical unit.11. Thematic meaning is what is communicated through association with another sense of the sameexpression.12. In English “some books” is a case of number concord.13. Parole is the actual phenomena or data of utterances.14. Italian is not a member of the Indo-European LanguageFamily.15. If the air is stopped in the oral cavity but the soft palate is down so that it can go out through thenasal cavity, the sound produced is an oral stop.16. All the allomorphs should have common meaning.17. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of a particular language.18. Some sentences may comply perfectly with the grammar rules of the language, but they may notbe semantically meaningful.19. Any language can be a lingua franca.20. Synchronic linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods oftime and at various historical stages.II. Fill in the following blanks. (20%)1. Predication analysis is to break sown predications into their constituents: (1) and(2) .2. One of the design features termed as (3) means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.3. The five associative meanings categorized by Leech are:(4) , social, (5) , reflected and collocative.4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the (6) phonetics studies sounds from the speaker’s point of view; the (7) phonetics looks at sounds from the hearer’s point of view; the (8) phonetics studies the way sounds travel by looking at sound waves.5. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at leastfive parameters, namely, phonologic, (9) , syntactic, semantic and (10) .III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20%)1. Of the following words, the sound [l] in is a clear one.A. tellB. quiltC. leafD. peel2. Of the following pairs is in complementary distribution.A. [l] as in [leik] and [m] as in [meik]B. [l] as in [li:f] and [f] as in [tef]C. [l] as in [li:d] and [r] as in [ri:d]D. none of the above3. Of the following pairs doesn’t form a minimal pair.A. pill and tillB. dill and gillC. gale and galeD. beat and pea4. If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme mustbe .A. /s/B. /t/C. /l/D. /p/5. [k]is a voiceless .A. alveolar stopB. velar stopC. post-alveolar plosiveD. velar fricative6. [z] is a .A. voiced approximantB. post-alveolar affricateC. voiced alveolar fricativeD. voiced alveolar affricate7. [j] is a .A. glottal fricativeB. palatal approximantC. alveolar approximantD. palatal fricative8. [?]is a vowel.A. low back lax unroundedB. central front unroundedC. central lax unroundedD. high front tense unrounded9. The one that does not fall into the property of alveolar is .A. [m]B. [t]C. [n]D. [r]10. /l/ and /r/ function as a minimal pair in .A. lead and readB. led and redC. peel and pearD. both A and BIV. Do the following analysis (20%)1. Match each expression under A with the one statement under B that characterizes it. (10%)A B(1) fat cow a. compound noun(2) scared cow b. root morpheme plus derivational prefix(3) cowfish c. phrase consisting of a adjective plus noun(4) coward d. root morpheme plus inflection affix(5) cower e. root morpheme plus derivational suffixf. morphemic wordg. idiom2. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (10%)A B(6) endanger h. free form(7) southwards i. bound root(8) geese j. inflectional suffix(9) received k. derivational suffix(10) distempered l. inflectional prefixm. derivational prefixn. inflectional infixo. derivational infixV. Produce the surface structures from the following deep structures without going through the process of transformations. (10%)1. the man [the man past be behind the table] past help me2. SOMEONE past be+ing be+en beat Joseph hard3. Q Mary pres be pleased SOMEREASON4. Tag you past see the thief5. [Neg Tom past go to school] [Neg Mary past go to school]VI. Illustrate the following sentence with tree diagrams. (10%) The tall man and the woman left.VII. Classify the following pairs according to the sense relation. Put the number before the pair in the space provided inyour answer sheet. The first one is done for you as an example. (10%)(1) alive/dead (2) buy/sellComplementary antonyms (1)1. hit/miss (a target)2. own/belong to3. lesson/lessen4. rich/poor5. squeak/creak6. tap/faucet7. above/below 8. the morning star/the evening star9. saw/hacksaw 10. sow (to scatter seeds)/sow (female adult pig)A. complementary antonymsB. synonymsC. relational oppositesD. gradable antonymsE. homonymsF. hyponymyVIII. Answer the following questions. (40%)1. Define ALLOPHONE with an example. (5%)2. What is assimilation? (5%)3. What is the criterion used in IC analysis? (5%)4. SEMANTIC FEA TURES or SEMANTIC DEMPONENTS of a word may be used to betteraccount for sense relations. Use examples to support this idea. (5%)5. BLENDING, ABBREVIA TION and ACRONYMY are the ways by which people have used tocreate new words and expressions. How do they differ fromone another? Use examples to help you to distinguish them. (5%)6. Is it acceptable to say that word is the minimum free form? (5%)7. The following dialogue that took place in an English pub serves as a good example of us to seevarious aspects of language functions. Explain the concept of language functions (such asinformative, emotive, conative, and interpersonal) with examples taken from the dialogue.(10%)Bill: How did it go?Mike: Oh, fantastic! I took some really good photographs. I am sure I will win the competition.Lily: Well, you’d better buy us all a drink, then.Mike: Yes, what would you all like? …(He goes to the barman).I’d like four pints of best bitter.Barman: … Excuse me, sir, how old are you?Mike: Sixteen, why?Barman: I think you know why.。

大连外国语大学英语语言文学考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1大连外国语大学招生简章......................1.2大连外国语大学专业目录........................1.3大连外国语大学英语语言文学专业历年报录比....... 1.4大连外国语大学英语语言文学初试科目解析......第二章英语语言文学专业就业前景解读2.1大连外国语大学专业综合介绍.................2.2大连外国语大学专业就业解析.................2.3大连外国语大学各方向对比分析.......第三章大连外国语大学英语语言文学专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章大连外国语大学英语语言文学初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章大连外国语大学英语语言文学初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章大连外国语大学英语语言文学复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips【学校简介】大连外国语大学（Dalian University of Foreign Languages），坐落于中国辽宁省大连市，为辽宁省省属高校，是一所以外语为主，文、管、经、工、法、艺术等学科相互支撑、协调发展的多科型外国语大学。

入选辽宁省一流大学重点建设高校。

大连外国语大学前身为大连日语专科学校，始建于1964年，是在周恩来总理等党和国家领导人的关怀下，为培养国家亟需的日语翻译人才而创建；1970年学校更名为辽宁外语专科学校，1978年升格为大连外国语学院，1986年获得硕士学位授予权，2013年更名为大连外国语大学，2013年获批服务国家特殊需求博士人才培养项目。