研究生 国际交流英语 视听说 3 听力原文

UNIT 35Tell MeAsking for and Giving InformationIntroductionYou live in a world of information. Every day you ask people something you don’t know and tell them something you know. So if you want to exchange information, you have to learnhow to ask and answer questions.A conversation often depends on questions to keep it going in a direction you want it to 5go. In most casual, friendly conversations between people of equal status, all participantsgenerally do similar amounts of asking and answering. In some situations, however, betweenhigher-status and lower-status people, such as a job interview, the higher-status speakerusually controls the direction of the conversation by asking most of the questions. Varioustechniques may be necessary to get different kinds of information from different people. Most 0people are very polite when they ask strangers about something. If you’re too direct, you mayappear to be rude. In any case, personal questions have to be expressed very politely. Thereare many opening gambits to start a conversation but you must appropriately use eachexpression and they are not all used in the same way.5Part One Listening InDavid: Hi, Kim!Kim: Oh hi, David!David: Uh listen, I was wondering if you could help me. Do you happen to know where 0there’s a good place to buy art supplies?Kim: I’m not really sure. Hey, let me think for a minute. Oh yeah, there’s that new place, Mixed Media—you know, it’s down on Main Street?David: Mm, I don’t know that store—exactly where on Main Street?Kim: Well, you know where the new vegetarian restaurant is—it’s right up the block.5David: Oh yes, I know where you mean now.Kim: Hey, I hope you don’t mind my asking, but are you taking up painting?David: (laughs) Are you kidding? I can’t paint! I’m just asking for my sister’s son. He’s really into it.Kim: Ah...oh, I see. Hey, are you still doing your photography? You’re really good at that.David: Yeah, that’s the one thing I really enjoy.Kim: Hey listen. This may sound like a dumb question, but can you get any good pictures on an automatic?David: No, no, no, now that’s a very interesting question. Automatics are OK, except forspecial effects, or stop action.5Kim: Oh, and it... listen, there’s something else I was wondering about—like, should you do all your own developing?David: Oh no! You don’t have to develop your own. You can get good prints if you send them out.Kim: No kidding! Could you tell me something more about it—like, if I was going to set up a 0darkroom, what would I really be using it for—what kind of equipment would I need?David: Oh well, you’d need your enlarger, and... and chemicals, but actually developing is only cheaper when you’re doing a lot of enlargements.Kim: Oh, I see. Can I ask if you’re making any money at it?David: (laughs) I’m making enough, and... well, it’s tax time, so that’s something I’d rather 5not talk about.Kim: (laughs) I really understand. Well, I got to be getting along now, so, so long!David: Bye!Part Two Better ListeningSection AKim: Have you seen the file on policy number H-124326?5George: No, I haven’t. Have you asked John for it? He’s been working on the H series since Monday.Kim: I’ve asked him. He hasn’t used it. I’ve been looking for that file all morning.George: Have you asked Anne?Kim: Yes, I’ve asked her too. George, have you been filing things again this week? I told you 0to leave the files alone.George: Well, yes, I have.Kim: Let me see what you’ve done.George: I’ve rearranged the files, see? I’ve moved these files to the top drawer, and I’ve put these in the bottom drawer.5Kim: No wonder I haven’t been able to find anything! You’ve messed up everything! It’s going to take me a month of Sundays to get it straightened out again.George: Oh, come on! I understand what I’ve done. It’s simple. I’ve put files we use all the time on the top. The files we don’t use as often come next, and the ones we never useare at the bottom.Kim: George, have you ever learned the alphabet?George: Sure.Kim: Why don’t you just follow the alphabet then, so the rest of us can understand what you’ve done?55Section BTell Me a Little About YourselfA: So, tell me a little about yourself.B: Gee—uh... I don’t know where to begin. What do you want to know?A: Well... Are you originally from around here?B: No, I’m originally from Chicago. I was born there and grew up there and went to school there. I moved here after I graduated from college. How about you?A: Me?B: Yes. Where are you from?5A: I was born right here in Los Angeles and lived here until I finished high school. Then I lived in Denver for several years and moved back here just a year ago.B: I see. How about your family?A: My family?B: Yes. Do you have any brothers or sisters?A: Uh-huh. I have a brother and two sisters. They all live in San Diego. How about you?B: I have a sister. She lives in Cleveland.A: By the way, what do you do?B: I’m a journalist. And you?A: I’m a dentist.5B: A dentist? That’s interesting.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection AR: Hello, Clarkson College. May I help you?S: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.5R: Do you want a day or evening course?S: Well, it would have to be an evening course, since I work during the day.R: Uh-huh. Have you taken any courses in data processing?S: No.R: Oh, well, data processing is a prerequisite course. You have to take that course before you 0can take computer programming.S: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it’s not on Thursdays.R: Well... there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at seven.S: Just once a week?R: Yes, but that’s almost three hours—from seven to nine forty-five p.m.5S: Oh. Well, that’s all right. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?5R: Mm… let me see...twelve weeks. You start the first week in September and finish... oh...just before Christmas. December twenty-first.S: And how much is the course?R: That’s three hundred dollars, and that includes the necessary computer time.S: Uh-huh. Ok. Uh...where do I register?R: Registration is on the second and third of September between six and nine p.m. inFrost Auditorium.S: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?R: Yes, that’s the one.S: Oh, I know how to get there. Uh, is there anything that I should bring with me?5R: No. Just your checkbook.S: Well, thank you so much.R: You’re welcome. Bye.S: Bye-bye.Section BFranco: Hey, Maria!Maria: Franco! I haven’t seen you for ages. Where’ve you been?Franco: In Florida. I just got back a couple of days ago. Hey, it’s great to see you. You look terrific. I like your hair that way.5Maria: Thanks. You’re looking good yourself.Franco: Are you going this way? I’ll walk with you. Here, let me carry those books for you.So what’ve you been up to? Are you still studying English?Maria: No, not this semester. I don’t have time.Franco: How about the people from our class? Do you ever see any of them?Maria: Yeah, I see Tomiko a lot. And Tony writes once in a while.Franco: Oh, yeah? How is he?Maria: He’s fine. He’s running his family’s restaurant now.Franco: That’s terrific. I bet he’s good at it. What about the others? What ever happened to that tall African woman who looked like a model?5Maria: Oh, you mean Jeannette Kaba?Franco: Yeah. Is she still around?Maria: I don’t know. I haven’t seen her since the course was over. She and her husband were talking about going back to the Ivory Coast, though?Franco: Gee, it’s great to see you.Maria: It’s nice to see you too. So what are you going to do now? Are you going to register at NYU again?Franco: No. I’m going to stay in New York for a little while and then I’m going back to Italy.。

VLS B3 Uint 3II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Chinese students are too shy to say anything in class.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why d on’t Chinese students say anything in classroom according to the man?2.ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the workplace.Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M:Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job.It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about women?3. ScriptW:I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world’s largest manufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.M: And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?4. ScriptM: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have a vision and know where they are going.W: But do they enjoy life like you and me, or is money their only concern?Q: What are the two speakers’ attitudes toward successful entrepreneurs?5. ScriptW: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational system is important? M: Yes, but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.Q: What does the man imply?Keys: 1.C 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Competition in AmericaScriptAlan: What are you reading, Eliza?Eliza: An article on American competition.Alan: Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge? Eliza:Don’t make fun of me. According to the author, competition is especially important in American life. They’re taught to compete from early childhood. When children play games, they learn how to beat others.Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sitting next to them in class. Do you think that way?Eliza:Don’t be silly. Let’s get back to the point. When children are growing up, they compete with one another in their studies.Alan: Isn’t that also true of students in other nations? As we all know, many Asian students kill for a high test score and grab every opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.Eliza:American boys find great pleasure in competing with each other in sports, according to the author.Alan: I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feel great. Makes me want to shout out loud. But isn’t that normal t hroughout the world?Eliza: American people also compete with each other at work and at climbing the social ladder.Alan: But there’s competition in other countries as well.Eliza: You’re right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competing is more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. They’re even taught that if you lose and don’t feel hurt, there must be something wrong with you.Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you think makes more sense?Eliza: It’s hard to say. Anyway, there’s no accounting for different cultures.1.What is the dialog mainly about?2.What is the woman doing?3.What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?4.What does the man say about students’ studies?5.What does the woman say when asked which makes more sense, competition or cooperation? Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.DTask 2: Americans’ Work EthicScriptFor four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its (S1) roots were in the teaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in (S2) what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that it was their (S3)moral duty to work at every task to please God by their (S4) diligence, honesty, attention to details, skill, and attitude. To these Puritans, it was a (S5) sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bible’s (S6) teachings, “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.”Therefore, Americans have for (S7) centuries believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything. God would punish those who were careless or lazy in their work. (S8) Even as children they were taught,“If it’s worth doing at all, it’s worth doing well.”But some people have gone beyond the usual sense of diligence. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. (S9) In English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsivelly. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to alcohol.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. (S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic upholds these values.Task 3: Cross-cultural tips on doing businessScriptCountries from around the globe, such as Germany, the U.S., the U.K., and Russia, conduct a lot of business in China-the biggest market in the world. Here are some tips to help you deal more successfully with people from those nations.Firstly, you must be punctual with the Germans. Being even five minutes late makes a poor impression. Being punctual is also very important with the Americans and the British. But while it's important to be on time for business meetings, nobody expects you to be punctual for a social event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, always be on time, but don't be surprised if your Russian contract is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!In the business environments of those four countries, it is best to wear formal clothes of dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are rather common. However, don't be surprised if you go to an office in the U.K. on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies in the U.K. have "dress down Fridays", when people wear casual attire.In conversation, the British and the Americans love humor and talking about sports. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British, but you should avoid political talk. With the Russians, say positive things about their country, and avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!Remember that with the Germans, once a deal has been agreed upon, you can't change it! With the Americans money is more important than relationships, whereas with the Russians it's important to get to know your contacts well. Also, don't be surprised if a British meeting seems like chaos, with everyone participating and giving opinions!Remember these tips and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!Key1 What is true of the Americans and the British in terms of punctuality?D) They are punctual for business meetings, but less so for social events.2. In which country do people have “dress down Fridays"?A) The U.K.3. What can you infer about the Russians from their conversation?D) They are patriotic.4. How can you do business well with the Russians?A) You should know your contacts well.5. What is the speaker's attitude toward the four nationalities?C) He is neutral to all of them.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Americans glorify individualism.Susan: John, I was looking for you. Where have you been hiding all morning?John: Well, I caught Professor Brown’s lecture on American individualism.Susan: Oh, how did you find it?John: Enlightening. Americans glorify individualism. They believe individual interests rank above everything else.Susan: Sounds interesting. It’s a sharp contrast to the oriental collectivism Professor Wang talked about last semester.John: But you should know that the individualism in the United States is not necessarily an equivalent for selfishness.Susan: Then what does it mean in the States?John: They believe all values, rights, and duties originate in individuals, so they emphasize individual initiative and independence.Susan: There could be something in that. Of course in oriental countries the interests of the group are more important than anything else.John: So, it’s all the more necessary for foreigners to understand American culture, or they can’t hope to understand the importance of pri vacy in the West.. Susan:Maybe that’s the reason nuclear families outnumber extended families in the United States.John: Right on! You’re catching on fast!Susan: Now let me ask you a question.John: Shoot. Go ahead.Susan: Why do Americans cherish individualism more than oriental people?John: I don’t know. Anyway, Professor Brown didn’t say.Susan: One reason might be that American children stop sleeping with their parents at an early age. They learn independence early, so it’s deeply rooted.John: Wow, that’s an intelligent guess!MODEL2What do you think are the reasons for that difference? ScriptSusan: Do you find that people in America often walk faster than people in China?Americans always seem to be in a hurry.John: It’s hard t o come to a definite conclusion. Some Americans walk in a leisurely way, and some Chinese hurry all the time. But on the whole, I think you’re right. Susan:What do you think are the reasons for that difference?John: Americans treasure time. For them, time is tangible. It’s a thing. “Time is money.” You can “spend time”, “waste time”, “save time”. You can even “kill time”!Susan:Does this strong sense of time affect their lifestyle?John:Sure. If you’re 20 minutes late for a business appointment, the other person or persons will be annoyed. They may not trust you anymore.Susan: But as far as I know, English-speaking people may be 15-30 minutes late for a dinner party.John: That’s true. For an informal occasion like that, punctuality is not so i mportant.Also, a boss may keep his employees waiting for a long time.Susan:But if his secretary is late, she’s in trouble. She will probably receive a reprimand.John: How true!Susan: The American workship of time probably led them to create fast foods.John: I agree. And globalization shrinks the differences between cultures. Now people everywhere are rushing, and anywhere you go, you find Kentucky Fried Chicken. Susan: But plenty of Chinese are still making appointments saying, “If I am late, w ait for me.”John: But with more intercultural communication, I think the gap will eventually be bridged, and Chinese will be hurrying everywhere.MODEL3That’s the secret of their success.ScriptChris: Hey Sue, how’s the math class going? Are you h ead of the class?Susan:Are you kidding? There’s a bunch of foreign students in the class---from China somewhere---and they are on top.Chris: Why do you think so many Chinese students excel in math? It’s been my observation that the Chinese students are usually the best.Susan:In class they don’t say much, but they definitely get the best marks.Chris: I think part of it is their work ethic. They never skip class, and they pay attention.Susan:One Chinese student in my class did homework each night until the early hours.He never took a break, watched TV, or went out for a beer.Chris:That’s the secret of their success: hard work and diligence.Susan:It’s so unfair. I could probably do better if I worked harder, but that’s no fun. I think learning should be more fun.Chris:Someone with a knowledge of chess would find a chess tournament fascinating. But if you don’t have the knowledge, then you won’t understand the significance of the moves, and you’ll be bored.Susan:So what you’re saying is knowledge requires hard work, and knowledge makes things interesting.I am not against knowledge; I just want to learn it in an interesting way. What’s more, “Allwork and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”V. Let’s TalkScriptThe International Slavery Museum has opened at Albert Dock, in Liverpool. Many people traveled from all over the world to celebrate the opening on 23rd of August.The museum is a place of reflection, contemplation and education.It tells the story of the cruel acts of the transatlantic slave trade, the stories of the lives of the millions of African people, who were forced from their homelands onto ships that sailed to unknown lands where they were made to work on farms and in mines in harsh conditions without dignity or payment.Liverpool is one of the many British seaports that became very rich from money made transporting goods such as cotton and sugar, produced by African slaves.One of the most important parts of the museum's exhibits are the stories of the lives of people who live all over the world today, whose family history can be traced to the Africans whose lives were changed forever by the transatlantic slave trade.It has taken four years of hard work and planning to organise the creation of the museum, and its opening year is a very significant date because in 2007 we commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act.This was a law made in 1807; it banned all British people from taking part in the slave trade. Later in 1833 all people who had been forced into slavery to work for British companies were freed.Keyl. It tells the story of the cruel acts of the (l)transatlantic slave trade, the stories of the lives of the millions of African people, who were forced from their homelands onto ships that sailed to (2)unknown lands where they were made to work on farms and in mines in harsh conditions without (3)dignity or payment.2. Liverpool is one of the many British seaports that became very (l)rich from money made transporting goods such as (2)cotton and sugar, produced by African slaves.3. One of the most important parts of the museum's exhibits are the stories of the lives of people who live (l)all over the world today, whose (2)family history can be traced to the Africans whose lives were (3) changed forever by the transatlantic slave trade.4. Because 2007 marks the 200th anniversary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act.5. A law was made in 1807; it (l)banned all British people from (2)taking part in the slave trade. In 1833 all people who had been forced into (3)slavery to work for British companies were (4)freed.VI.Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1: PunctualityT o Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on tome. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don’t try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to chance it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just “drop in” unannoun ced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Eastern cultures value relati onships more than schedules. In these societies, people don’t try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature---from the passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon---shapes their view of events. If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity pass by, they are not very worried, knowing that more time and opportunities will come in the next cycle. But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity. They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity.The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of time like this: “Do you love life? Then do now waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”1.According to the passage, when people are late in America, what do they do?2.According to the passage, what do Americans do after the time for an appointment isfixed?3.How do people in some Eastern countries view relationships and schedules?4.According to the passage, why aren’t some Eastern people w orried if they let anopportunity pass by?5. What was Benjamin Franklin’s view of time?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.DTask 2: Our Personal SpacesScriptOur personal space, that piece of the universe we occupy and call our own, is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. As the owners of this area, we usually decide who may enter and who may not. When our space is invaded, we react in a variety of ways. We back up and retreat, stand our ground as our hands become moist from nervousness, or sometimes even react violently. Our response shows not only our unique personality, but also our cultural background.For example, cultures that stress individualism such as England, the United States, Germany, and Australia generally demand more space than collective cultures do, and tend to become aggressive when their space is invaded. This idea of space is quite different from the one found in the Mexican and Arab cultures. In Mexico, the physical distance between people when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual north of the border. And for middle easterner, typical Arab conversations are at close range. Closeness cannot be avoided.As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directly linked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, for example, employees do not stand near their bosses; the extended distance demonstrates respect. Extra interpersonal distance is also part of the cultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom it reflects privacy. And in Germany, private space is sacred.Keys: 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.FTask 3: We don’t know what to do with them.ScriptA Russian, a Cuban, an American businessman, and an American lawyer were passengers on a fast train speeding across the French countryside. As time wore on, the men gradually became friendly with one another, introducing themselves and shaking hands. Eventually, the Russian took out a large bottle of vodka and poured each of his traveling companions a drink. Just as the American businessman was sipping the vodka and praising its fine quality, the Russian hurled the half-full bottle out of the open window.“What did you do that for?” asked the startled American businessman.“Vodka is plentiful in my country,” said the Russian, “In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it---far more than we need.”The American businessman shook his head and leaned back in his seat, obviously baffled by the Russian’s reasoning.A little later, the young Cuban passed around a box of fine Havana cigars. The men enjoyed this treat and made admiring remarks about the pleasures of smoking good Havana cigars. At that very moment the Cuban took a couple of puffs of his cigar and then tossed it out of the open window.“I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year,” the American businessman said. “Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling.”“Cigars,” the Cuban replied, “are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know what t o do with.”The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grbbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window.Key:1.The Russian hurled the half-full bottle of vodka out of the open window.2.He answered, "Vodka is plentiful in my country. In fact, we have thousands and thousandsof liters of it-far more than we need."3.The businessman said, "I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year. Yet you threwthat perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling."4.He replied, "Cigars are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know whatto do with."5.The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer,and threw him out of the window. He did that probably because he thought there were too many lawyers in the United States.希望对大家有所帮助，多谢您的浏览！Viewing and SpeakingKey1)disappearing 2) kicking 3) tea shop 4) image crisis 5) update 6)compete 7)fast 8)product designers 9) contacts 10)similar 11)want 12)challenge 13) consumer 14) traditional（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）授课：XXX。

研究生视听说听力材料Unit 1 Famous PeopleAs the owner of a small business selling software I find it hard to recruit good people in today‘s tight labor market and having got people on board, there is an equally, if not more difficult task of keeping them happy.Staff turnover is a real problem. Twoyears ago our staff turnover at Epmus plc was out of control. We were consistentlylosing staff across the spectrumfrom clerical workers to senior managers, Butour real worry was the skilled technical people who were leaving us. They comprised a bulk of our work force so we brought in a group of consultants to help usfigure out why they were leaving. It wasn‘t too difficult to see what had gone wrong. Getting new recruits to deal with clients without any specialist training wasn‘t a good idea. We were putting our staff in an unfair position, especially when they had to reach sales targets. Nor was the system of evaluating employee performance only once a year a good idea. It meant we won ' t pick up potential problems early enough. So having conducted our assessment we established a formal plan to retain the people who had worked so hard to recruit and hire. We laid out specific steps for communicating with ourstaff. Firstly, every year we close down the company and invite our entire staff to an off-site meeting. We talk shop and it gives us a chance to reinforce what the company vision is. It is after all essential that everyone is aware of where we are goingand what we have to achieve. Then to build on this ground work, the session managers send e-mail messages every 3 months to describe any modifications there have been to that division, as the process took hold we noticed that doing this quarterly wasn‘t adequate. As a result i now havea meeting once a week with the managers whoare directly responsible to me to review and revise their department goals. However, in my view, communicating the plan of where the company is headed is something let medown on a continual basis ever amid the often chaotic day-to-day undertakings of our fast-growing company. I think that this jogs to the memory or to be incorporated into every CEOs usual interaction with their staff. Our staff turnover ratehas fallen to just over 30 percent this yearwhich we were very pleased with. And thesteps we took might prove useful to other entrepreneurs. There are key things that need to be done. For example, set up meetings every 3 months or so with your most important personnel and use these occasions to provide feedback, and talk about any problems the staff may have. In addition, make sure new recruits are put through a proper 2-week training period and spend time with a mentor who has been formally delegated to look after them and answer their questions.Also when looking to retain staff, don‘t just focus on compensation. Bear in mind that when it comes to keeping people you need to show publicity that you value their contribution. There are also other methods of rewarding staff who stay with you, such as stock options and in the long term our goal is for all employees to be receiving these.Unit 2 Growing PainsYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of deep springs of life.Youth means temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. Thisoften exists in a man of 60 more than in a boy of 20. Nobody grows older merely by the number of years. We grow older by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turn the spirit back to dust.Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being‘s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what‘s next, and the joy of the game of living.In the cente r of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20; but as long as the aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope that you may die young at 80.Unit 3 Sports and GamesPlay is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of freedom and connection that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others.I have collected the top five benefits of play here.Play can stimulate you to think differently. It can go against all the rules, and change the same old boring way of doing things. Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to oppose the common wisdom changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a fixed and boring way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and invite your inner child out and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking shifts the new world of discovery.Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if every human spent time each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has brought a smile to your face. Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, and a feeling of inner peace. Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and watch your joy factor rise!Play is known to reduce stress. Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and basic to human existence.With regular play, our problem-solving and adaptive abilities will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose healthy answers to challenging situations as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and add a feeling of relaxation to our daily living.Play can stimulate the imagination, curiosity (18), and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ?hands-on' and ?minds-on' learning process. It produces a deeper, more meaningful understanding of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out various possible situations.Unit 4 Culture and Corporate CultureSome of the best American companies today have turned themselves upside down. They‘ve found the old top-down pyramid style management chart doesn‘t work. So they‘ve flipped the pyramid over, giving employees more say in what goes on. And it works, as evidenced in improved sales and earnings.Interested in inverting the pyramid in your operation? Here are some tips:Challenge employees to come up with their own better ways to do their jobs, You may be surprised at how valuable some of their suggestions are.Seek out ideas from everyone, not just those who have a direct involvement with the job,Sometimes good ideas come from unlikely resources.Treat employees with honesty and respect. Don‘t dictate to them if they are not going to have their ideas enacted. Explain the reasons that underline a decision or policy.Spread authority around. If the largest part of the pyramid is to be at the top, the top people should have authority.At one auto plant any worker who sees a problem can shut down the whole assembly line until the problem is solved. By giving employees more control over their work environment and more involvement in running their jobs, you tap into a valuable source of ideas and productivity—and that pays off for everyone.Unit 5 Science and TechnologyRight Reverend Lord HARRIES(Member, House of Lords; Former Bishop, Oxford for the Church of England): Now you ask, what is the relationship between scientific theory and Christianfaith? The simplest way of thinking is to say, well, they're really answering different questions.Science is trying to address the question, how do things happen. And in answer to that, you get the theory of evolution. Things happened over millions and millions of years by a very gradual process through natural causes.PALCA: But Harries says if you ask why did things happen, then you get a completely different answer. It's the why of life that belongs in the spiritual domain. Harries says the problems some religions have with Darwin and evolution come from aliteral interpretation of the Bible. And he says, while the Bible contains profound truths, it's not word for word true.Right Rev. Lord HARRIES: First of all, take the issue of the age of the Earth. I mean, do people really think that the universe is only 4,000 years old where every science - chemistry, paleontology, physics, astronomy- every single science points with huge amounts of evidence to the Earth being billions of years old and the universe being even more billions of years old.So you just have to ask people, what do they make - do they think that the vast majority of scientists in every scientific discipline on Earth are liars?PALCA: In the beginning - in other words, in 1859 when "On the Origin of Species" was published, the church was uncomfortable with Darwin's theories. But clearly, that position has changed.So much so that recently, a spokesman for the Church of England wrote an article saying the church might owe Darwin an apology for its initial resistance to evolution. The Rev. Dr. Malcolm Brown says some people misread his comments to say the church was, in fact, apologizing.Reverend Dr. MALCOLM BROWN(Director of Mission and Public Affairs, Church of England): I suggested than an apology might be owed, which is a slightly different thing. I don't have the authority to make it.My point was that by raising doubts about Darwin at the beginning, by getting our first reaction wrong, even though as the Church of England, we pretty quickly got OK with Darwin, we legitimized,to some extent, later movements, particularly in the States in the early 20th century, to raise creationism as an ideology and make Darwina whipping boy.Unit 6 LiteratureThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world –even the seasonal changes as unpredictable, and they sought through various means tocontrol these unknown and feared power. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. As time passed some rituals were explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and customers were almost used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the ― acting area ‖ and the ― auditorium ‖. In addition, there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leader usually assumed that task, wearing masks and costumes often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect –success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun –as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater ' s origin from the humaninterest instorytelling. According to this view tales ( about the hunt , war, or other feats ) aregradually elaborated at first through the use of impersonation, action, anddialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by adifferent person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations if animal movements and sounds.。

VLS B3 Unit 1II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Have you chosen your elective for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again? M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m gong to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?2.ScriptM:Did you go to that businesses lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes. W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah’s got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here are preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzie’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like?M: It’s expensive, about . $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed. Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversation?Keys:III. Listening InTask1: On the First DayScript(Voice-over: Harison meets Jenny before the first class.)Harrison: I'm Harrison. Good to meet you.Jenny: Good to meet you. I'm Jenny.Harrison: So, you've bought the books for this biology class.Jenny: Yeah. I think everyone had to before class started. 'Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because it's still add-drop.Jenny: What's that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which is best.Jenny: Have you had this teacher before? I've heard he is really good.Harrison: He's good if you're a hard worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that's good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: You're welcome.(Voice-over: Jenny catches up with Harison after the first class.)Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think of the professor's lecture?Jenny: I think about half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: Don't worry. A lot of what he said is explained in the reading.Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over?Harrison: No problem. We don't have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I'm prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah. Participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Key(1)the first day (2)changing (3) really good (4) hard workers (5) went over her head(6) explained (7)notes (8)Wednesday (9) participation (10) educationTask 2: How to select elective courses?ScriptConsider these tips on elective courses and you'll choose those that will serve you best.To begin with, you should select the courses that fit your profession. It is a good idea to choose elective courses closely related to your chosen profession. Potential employers will appreciate every bit of extra training and knowledge that they don't have to give you. For example, you may select elective courses in chemistry, biology or even physics if you are doing a science major. For business majors, select electives in accounting, business administration, and even computing, as you'll never know when these will come in handy in the corporate world.Moreover, you can choose an education that includes many fields of study. If you are taking a heavy load of career-related courses, you may prefer electives that are not directly related to your major. If you receive a well-rounded education, some employers believe that you have better potential. For example, if you have courses in science along with your business degree, you could possibly win a job over someone who majored purely in business with no outside electives.Finally, you can also select a challenging elective course. Part of getting an education is learning how to learn, and elective courses should help you achieve this goal. You need not to memorize all the information from each class, but you should get a better understanding of the world. So, pick elective courses that challenge your belief system and make you look at the world in a different way. For instance, you can consider a philosophy elective if you have been told that you are a little narrow-minded.Key(1) extra training (2) chemistry(3) accounting (4) many fields of study(5) better potential (6) business degree(7) challenging (8) how to learn(9) better understanding (10) narrow-mindedTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message”.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting to study?2.What did the runner do to score high on the exam?3.What is the good thing all top students agree on?4.What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Key: 1B . DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Y ou’re just going to have study hardNora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I’ve learned a lot. Chris: Only our first day back at school, and I already feel like I’m up to my ears in homework.Nora: You’re going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up. Chris: Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two books reports, a composition, an oral report, and a research project—all due before midterms.Nora: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit would rub off onyou.Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend any articles and books? You’d better find me the exact pages where I can find what I want. Nora: You could borrow ideas from references, but if you quote without giving the sources, you’re plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don’t help me, I’ll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.Nora: Oh, no! If you’re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably, you will have to repeat the year.Chris: All right, I’ll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm I’ll be burning the midnight oil.MODEL2 Which class do you prefer?ScriptChris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don’t know how am I going to stay awake? Nora: I like Mr. Wood. He’s interesting.Chris: He’s boring! He could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game! Who do you have for economics?Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. She’s smart. Students really learn a lot from her.Chris: She’s tough! You have to work hard in her class, or you’ll probably fail. Nora:No pain, no gain.Chris: Nonsense, You could have learned even more with Mr. Sharp. But not many students opt for his class.Nora: What’s wrong with him?Chris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is C+, and he usually fails half of the students.Nora: No wonder he’s got the nickname Mr. Shark. Well, how about PE? What are you doing this semester?Chris: That’s the worst part. In PE, we’re learning t’ai chi. I’m bored to death. Nora: Ha-ha! Not to rub salt into the wound, but our class is playing your favorite sport: basketball.Chris: Oh…that figures! This is going to be a terrible semester.Nora: This is going to be a great semester!MODEL3 Publish or perishScriptChris: Tell us, Professor Grant, What are your primary duties as a professor? Professor Grant: Well,I do a lot of research and writing.It’s rough being an associate professor. It’s publish or perish.Chris: So you spent a lot of time in your office?Professor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class motes, give lectures, hold office hours. Teaching is an important part of being a professor.Chris: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money.Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of tome applying foe grants to fund my research. Then I can offer assistantships and scholarships to the worthygraduate.Chris: I see why they call you “the boss”. But being a professor sounds pretty competitive.Professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes…Chris: Um….I think you’re mistaken, Professor Grant!Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! You owe me an essay!Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter, andI have to work two jobs to pay for school.Professor Grant:So you get an F in this course.V. Let’s TalkInterviewee: It's a really difficult balance to strike, actually maintaining the (1)quality but making sure as many (2)young people as possible and older people as well-there's been a surge inthe number of over 25s applying, and we take many people who are over (3)25. But we've gotto get that balance right. It's going to be terribly (4)difficult for us next year. Hostess: Given the cuts that the (5)government announced a couple of weeks ago, and the numbers that we know in terms of applications, where are you going to draw that line? Are you goingto have to look at cutting intake in order to maintain the (6)quality of the courses? Intewiewee: We're trying not to (7)cut intake at the moment. But what it means is we're going to have to be (8)extra-cautious in the number of offers we make, because we simply cannot (9) affordto go over our quota of the number of places that we can offer. Because if we do, it meansthat we could be fined, or we just simply haven't got enough money to make sure the students'(10)experience is right. So it means that maybe last year we would allow a few (11) morepeople to have an offer. This year is going to be tougher.Hostess: Do you lay some of the (12)blame for the situation at the door of the government?Interviewee: If you look to France, Sarkozy is actually increasing the (13)budget for highereducation. Obama in the . has done the same thing. So we're just slightly (14)puzzled asto why the government seems to- be cutting back on higher education rather than pumpingmore money into what we think is a (15)service that is absolutely vital for the economy. VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1:ScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is “Problems with Our Educational System”.There are a lot of things in our educational system that I don’t agree with. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance but neglect students’ abilities and interests in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could’ve had,had they been educated in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are focused to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids lost their interest in learning.Educators have failed to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And as a consequence some students who are believed to be intelligentcan’t get into good colleges if they, for example, haven’t scored well on the math section, even if they ate brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called “weak students”are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class id their grades are lower then others. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected to act. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sad to me. I think that many of the kids in those classed are intelligent, but never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated very early on in their education.Key(1) standardized tests (2) abilities and interest (3) interest (4) pressure(5)well-rounded (6) get into good colleges (7) the rest of the school (8) from bad to worseTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A” so far for the semester. These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning.Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final exam and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back, didn’t have a spare, and couldn’t get help for a long time. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, hand each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They took at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. “Cool,” they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, “This is going to be easy.” Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”Task 3 Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in her United States. Founded 16years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professor schools. Over14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produces six presidents of the United States and 34 Noel winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its graduates became ministers in Puritan church throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1001. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of as aping the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.1.What is main idea of the passage?2.How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?3.What was the relationship between Harvard University and religion during its earlyyears?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’sfund-raising program?5.What did President Rudenstine do?Keys:Viewing and speakingScriptHost: Well, David Lammy, the University Minister, joins me from Westminster. Now thanks for joining us this lunchtime, Mr. Lammy. How do these cuts_ tie in with your much trumpeted commitment to increasing higher education? Interviewee: Well, I think it's important to remind viewers that we will spend well over12 billion pounds on higher education this year and to also say that there will bemore students at university next year than ever before in our history. But what is important is that when they get to university, is that they have good facilities, good buildings, that they have good contact with their lecturers and, for students from poorer backgrounds that they receive a grant. And you know 40 percent of students who are going to university are in receipt of some grants. So we have to plan. . . Host: But there's going to be less money next year. That's the bottom line, isn't it? Interviewee: Er, we are asking universities to make a one percent cut in their teaching grant. That's 51 million out of a total budget of over five billion. Look, I think there are families across the country preparing for Christmas spending a bit less and they're, you know, it's a lot more than one percent that they're, they're feeling.So I think this is reasonable to ask universities if we are to ensure that we can continue to send more young people to university and we remain committed to that. Host: And briefly, what about these two-year degrees? This is a reduction in standards, isn't it?Interviewee: Well, we, we, we. . . It's important in this country that we remember thatstudents aren't just the classic 18- to 21-year-old undergraduates. We want mature students. We want more part-time students and over the last few years we've been growing the number of foundation degree, two-year degrees that ensure that transition into high university and high level skills. That's what we want to support and that's what we're indicating in the grant letter that we've sent to universities over the last few days.Host: OK. David Lammy, thank you so much for joining us.Interviewee: Thank you.Key(1) increasing (2) 12 (3) more (4) facilities(5) lecturers (6) poorer (7) grant (8) one(9)budget (10) less (11) young (12) classic(13) part-time (14) growing。

Unit 1Amy:Good morning, Talia.Talia :Oh, hi. Good morning.Amy:You know, you're working too hard.Talia :I know. I always work this hard. Maybe you could mention that to Tony? I don't think he knows it.Amy:Is that a new hairstyle? It's very ... unique.Talia :Very funny. I had to work late last night. I' m tired, I ' m in a bad mood, and I don't care about my hair.Amy:That's probably why you're not a reporter yet.Talia:You think so?Amy:No, I'm just kidding...Talia :You may be right.Amy:Maybe Tony will take you more seriously after you finish the journalism class.Talia :Oh, no! Our journalism class! I forgot. It's tomorrow. What's the homework?Amy:Compare two news stories on the same topic.Talia :That's easy enough to do. Sounds interesting,too. I guess I'll do it after work.Amy:You work too hard.Unit 3Woman’s voice on tape: We’ll pay you fifty thousand dollars.Nick’s voice on tape: And all I have to do is sit on the bench?Woman’s voice on tape: That’s right. Do that, and fifty thousand dollars is yours.Nick’s voice on tape: Well, I can really use the money. You’ve got yourself a deal.Woman’s voice on tape: Great. It’s a pleasure doing business with you.Tony: How’s it going?Talia: I can’t tell. I hope our expert will be able to figure it out.Tony: Me, too, when will we have the results?Talia: He’s going to call me back this afternoon.Tony: Good.Talia: You know, I’ve been a researcher here for three years. I’ve investigated other scandals. But something he re doesn’t seem right.Tony: What do you mean?Talia: It just doesn’t make sense. Nick Crawford loves soccer. Why would he do something to hurt his career?Tony: That’s a good question. How well do you know Nick Crawford? Is he a friend of yours? Talia: No, not really. I just knew him in college. We had English together for two semesters. Tony: Oh, that’s it?Talia: Well, I got to know him a little. I know that he moved here from England about 10 years ago.I know that he’s smart. And I know that he’s always dreamed of being a great soccer star.Tony: Mm-hmm.Talia: So, why would he risk ruining his career?Unit 4Nick: I know you, don’t I?Talia: Yes. I’m Talia, Talia Santos.Nick: Yeah, Talia! Of course!Talia: After all these year s, I’m surprised you remember me.Nick: How could I forget you?? We were in an English literature class together, weren’t we? Talia: Tha’s right, the Shakespeare class.Nick: Right, Dr. Custer’s class. She was a tough teacher. She really made us work har d.Talia: Oh, gosh, don’t remind me.Nick: We studied together for the final, didn’t we?Talia: Yes, that’s right. As I recall, you did really well on it.Nick: That’s right! But only because I speak Shakespeare so fluently.Talia: Very cute.Nick: So, what are you doing here? Are you a big soccer fan now?Talia: Not exactly. I’m a researcher now… with Newsline.Nick: Oh, I see. Well, news people aren’t my favourite people right now. I heard there’s a nasty story coming out about me. Something about me throwing a game?Talia: That’s why I’m here.Nick: Too bad. Well, maybe we can meet again sometime, under different circumstances.Unit 5Talia:OK, let’s get this straight. You’re one of the country’s best soccer players…Nick:Well, I have to admit —t hat's true. Of course, some people think that’s not such a great achievement.Talia:Now, for some reason, you sat out one of the biggest games of the year.Nick:Not just for some reason. I sat out because I had a sprained（扭伤）ankle. I could hardly walk, I certainly couldn’t play.Talia:But your coach can’t verify this.Nick:Of course not. You can’t see a sprain on an X-ray.Talia: You can’t?Nick: No.Talia: I see…Nick: You don’t have to believe me, but it’s the truth. I sat out the first round qual ifying match because I had a sprained ankle.Talia: And not because you took a bribe.Nick: A bride? How can anybody believe such a ridiculous thing?Talia: Then can you explain the tape?Nick: What tape?Talia: Listen to this.Woman’s voice on tape: We’ll pay you fifty thousand dollars.Nick’s voice on tape: And all I have to do is sit on the bench?Woman’s voice on tape: That’s right. Do that and fifty thousand dollars is yours.Nick’s voice on tape: Well, I can really use the money. You’ve got you rself a deal.Woman’s voice on tape: Great. It’s a pleasure doing business with you.Unit 7Talia:There you are! Nick, are you gonna stop lying to me?Tony:Hello, Talia. And how are you? Would you like to have a seat?Talia:No. Actually I prefer to stand.Tony:OK, whatever So now what’s going on?Talia:This! Fifty thousand dollars appeared in your bank account just before the qualifying match. Fifty thousand dollars!Tony:So?Talia:So? So that’s exactly the amount of money they say you accepted fo r throwing that game. Tony:It’s also the exact amou nt of money I got for endorsing a new line of athletic shoes.Talia:Oh, really?Tony:Yes, really. They’re going to be called Kicks. They’re coming out next year. “Kicks:They’re cooler than your old shoes.More comfortable, too.And they’re less expensive than they look. Come and get your Kicks!”Talia:Stop! I get it. Now, what was I saying? Oh, yes. Can I call your agent? I wanna confirm this “endorsement deal”.Tony:Except,I didn’t use an agent. No agent?Talia:What a surprise!Unit 8Talia: Hello. I’m here to see Jackie Baker.Receptionist:Hmmm. I don’t think… I know who you want. Jack Baxter. He’s on the third floor, 301.Talia: No. I’m here to see Jackie Baker, Ms. Jackie Baker.Receptionist:No, definitely not. There's no one here by that name.Talia: This is the Gower Building? 119 Gower Street?Receptionist:Yes. But like I said, there’s no Jackie Baker here.Well, maybe she’s no longer here. Maybe she used to work here.Receptionist:I don’t think so. I’ve been here for ten years. Ten years too long, I might add.… Someone named Jacob Banker used to work here. Funny, he was an architect, not a banker. Anyway, he was on the 2nd floor. Are you sure you’re not looking for Jacob Banker?Talia: No. No. The name is Jackie Baker. She’s a VP at Kicks Shoes.Receptionist: Now I really don’t know what you’re talking about. Kicks Shoes? Hold on a second. I’m sorry, but I’ve never heard of Kicks Shoes and they’re not in our directory. Are you sure you’re in the right place?Talia: No. I’m not sure where I am. In fact, I’m not sure about anything anymore.Unit 9Nick : Jackie Baker, pleaseReceptionist: Oh, I'm sorry. But there's no Jackie Baker here.Nick : Do you mind if I look at that?Receptionist: Not at all. Have a look. Let me guess. You're Nick.Nick: That's right, but ... how did you know?Receptionist: Oh, you' re famous!Nick : Oh. Do you follow soccer?Receptionist: Soccer? No, never watch it. I was listening when that woman called you. I overheardeverything.Nick : Well, that's great.Receptionist: She was really angry. Wow!Nick : I know. I know. Say, do you know what time it is?Receptionist :Nearly five. I was just getting ready to leave when you arrived.Nick : It's probably too late anyway. The news is going to be on in an hourUnit 12Nick : Oh, good, you' re here. Coach, I' ve been trying to speak to you since last night. This whole scandal is because ...Coach : Nick, Nick, we' ve been working together for four years now. You' re my best player, and frankly, Nick, I feel like we're family.Nick : Thanks, Coach. Me too.Coach: I'm sorry. I didn't know you've been having money problems.Nick : No, I haven't! I hope you don't believe those lies about me. Trust me, Coach. I have not let you down.Coach : Well, why don't you clear this whole thing up for me, then?Nick : I would love to! The truth is, it's Dean. I know it's him.Coach : Dean? Who are you talking about? Dean Bishop?Nick : Yes. Dean Bishop. His sister is involved, too. They somehow made a phony tape. His sister gave me fifty thousand dollars for a fake endorsement.Coach : And you' re saying they made it look like a bribe for sitting out the qualifying game? Nick : Exactly.Coach : But Dean? And his sister? This is hard to believe. Why would Dean do this to you?Nick : Just think about it. Dean is a great player, but he' s always in my shadow. He wants you to kick me off the team so that he can be the star.Coach : Wow! I don't know what to say. This is incredible. I hate to have to ask, but ... do you have proof?Nick : Not yet. But I' ve been working with Talia Santos at Newsline for the past day or two. I'm hoping she can help.Coach: It may be too late. The Soccer Federation has been calling me for the past two days. They want to suspend you.Nick : But what about Dean Bishop?Coach : He's going to play in the qualifying match. Next to you, he's our strongest player.。

Janet: So where are we now?Andy: This is the West End. It’s famous for cinemas and theatres. I used to work in a theatre near here.Janet: Really? What did you do?Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play. If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pyg malion by George Bernard ShawJanet: If I remember correctly. That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it? My Fair Lady? I remember seeing it on TV.(Phone ringing)Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe.(Andy picked up the phone)Andy: Hey!... Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late. Chill out Joe, we’ll be there.(Andy hung up the phone)Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on.Janet: How far is it from here?Andy: It’s not far. Maybe five minutes’ walk. Joe gets cross if I’m late.Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy. Late as usual.Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time.Joe: Well let’s get on with it. This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic.Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start?Andy: Hang on a minute! Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet？Janet?Janet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you. What’s up?Andy: Can you hear me now?Janet: Ouch! Yes, that’s much louder.Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please. Just get on with the interview, will you?Janet: 那么，我们现在在哪？Andy: 这是伦敦西区, 他因影院、戏院而出名.。

视听说I I I原文和答案U n i t2(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--VLS Ｂ３Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it’s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don’t understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve thingsW: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.M: That’s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do5. ScriptM: Hey, that’s an aerosol spray you’re using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn’t contain CFC s. And you’d better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent, so there’s no reason to panic.Q: What does the man meanKeys: 3. AIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect natureEd: I think so. Umm…more now than before.Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today Ed: Today…I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problemsEd: Umm…through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that. Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at schoolEd: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on. And also to prevent more problems from occurring. Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it beEd: A new law for the environment Umm…I’d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin,not just throw them everywhere because it’s just littering and I hate that.So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground. Martha: That’s a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environmentEd: I’ m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect nature ever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment, hesaid that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them inthe garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throwshis trash into the garbage bin.Task 2 River pollutionIf you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into ariver, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably. Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish.Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and otheranimals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entiresurface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.Questions and key1. What is the passage mainly aboutD) The causes of river pollution.2. Why does the river water turn greenA) Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase.3. What harm does industrial waste causeB) Poisoning.4. Which of the following is true of oil pollutionC) It prevents oxygen from entering the water.5. What harm can warm water in a river bringD) Lack of oxygen.Task3: Curbing Carbon emissionsScriptAlthough it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cutits carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power."Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to the international community that 15 percent of our power will be generated from non-fossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only percent.China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$ billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$ billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$ billion.However, China's carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment.Questions and keyl. What is the passage mainly aboutD) Cutting carbon dioxide emissions: China's achievements and problems.2. From four years ago until August this year, how many kilowatts of coal-fired plant capacity willhave been closedD) More than 70 million.3. By 2020, what will be the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total powerin ChinaA) 15%.4. Which of the following is true of the investment by China and the United States in clean energy last yearB) China's investment was almost twice as large as the United States'.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a problem arising from curbing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Causing more strikes.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weatherNora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the weather has changed.John: What she means is the climate’s long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, “It’s all in your mind, Granny.”John: She’s right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain.Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.Nora: Think she’ll want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhouse gasesJohn: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won’t stop it.Nora: I’ll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair.John: OK, joke about it, but it won’t be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donations to save the rainforests.Chris: So whatSusan: So what! Don’t you want to save the rainforestsChris: But there’re no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates. Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know thatSusan: Well, I’ve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in the world’s rainforests, and 35 percent of the world’s plant and animalspecies exist only in rainforests.Chris: Wow, I’m impressed. So what else have you learnedSusan: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute! Chris: It’s terrible!Susan: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them. Now would you like to give a donationChris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy! , Many of the world’s plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant treesB: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn’t have a lot of forests compared with many countries.A: That’s true. I’ve just read an article about afforestation. China’s forest coverage rate was last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Don’t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just percent.B: Any other good newsA: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it’s the world’s planter of trees.B: Wow, I’m impressed.MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. You’re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, that’s bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around my head.John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, I’ve heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them.John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it cantravel very long distances.Susan: Normally, when there’s a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you can’tbreathe, you can’t see well, and it’s dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And it’s not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example,the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes upvery high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problemSusan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid t address the environmental problem.V. Let’s TalkMan 1: Well, it's inspirational language which is nice and lovely and fluffy, but doesn't really actually commit anyone to doing anything, and so it'sreally hard to take to the bank. I mean, people's lives are on the linein the developing world where we are seeing the impacts felt first and foremost, And obviously the atmosphere simply can't take the kind of emissions we've beenseeing in the business-as-usual scenario and there's no realcommitment to change that. There's no real commitment to put seriousmoney on the table and that's a big problem.[On-screen text: Wind Farm]This is a great photo op for all the world leaders, but if it's not backed by action, it really doesn't mean much at the end of the day.Man 2: What's in there is very disappointing. It does not constitute a_ a deal. It'sa hollow shell that will need to be filled in, and it has some numbers,it talks about trying to avoid two degrees. That's the same languagethat the G8 used last July. But it lacks anything on emissions cuts as yet that would guarantee that we're actually on the, on track to get there. And the financing commitments... there is a mention of a 1OO-billion-dollar figure and the attempt to raise or mobilize that level of resources, but there's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways, as yet.Key(1) -b (2) - a (3) -h (4) -d(5)-g (6)-e (7)-c (8)-fVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The environment and the developmentScriptLi: Hi Professor Wang, I’m Li Lin, a correspondent from the University Newspaper.The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in therelationship between the environment and development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same timeWang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train,over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center ofall those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people andgovernments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainable development”.This means today’s economic growth should not wipe out he resources andoptions for future generations. Planning and development should ensure notonly economic growth, but also social advancement and environment health. Inother words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled.Instilling principles of development into government planning, resourcemanagement and economic policy is the most important step China could take to solve its environmental problems.China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to theenvironment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the governmentbanned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protectforests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between environment and development persists.Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance betweeneconomic growth and the environment.Task 2:ScriptA United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists say the pollution could increase lung disease and cause early deaths. The cloud is also damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world in a week.The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries and power stations. Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs made the problem worse. Many poor people burn of fuels wood and animal waste in such stoves.Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfall levels in Asia. They say rainfall has increased over the eastern coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply over parts of northwestern Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rainfall over northwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and western China by up to forty percent.Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify during the next thirty years as the population of Asia increase to an Estimated 5,000 million people.1.What is the true of the cloud of pollution2.What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution3.What does the cloud of pollution bring about4.Why will the pollution intensify in the next 30 years, according to the passage5.What do you think is the best title for the passageKeys:Task 3 Mountain regions face a number of dangers.ScriptMountain people around the world are in great danger of the negative effects of the worsening environment, according to a UN report.As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder places more accessible, environmental and social pressures on the world’s remotest regions increases.The UN has found that many mountainous regions—inhabited by one out of five of the world’s people—are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they ere like 60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle grazing and agriculture.The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of its mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055. Biological losses are expected to be heavy. The mountains of Europe, part of California and the northwest Andes in South America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priority in conservation.The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problem facing mountain areas because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people. These people could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year. In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in search of work.Viewing and speakingScript and keyWeather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming, one which many people will pay attention to: There are (l)signs that Santa's home in the North may be in trouble because of (2)warmer temperatures.The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its (3)warmest winter in 40 years. As a result, therehas been much less snow than usual-meaning no snowmen, no snowballs, and possibly not enough (4)snow for Santa to ride his sleigh on.More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa'swintry home town normally (5)attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millionsof dollars.Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in (6)trouble if snow levels do not return to (7)normal. She explains: "Snow is really important for us, of course, for Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our winter tourism because winter is our (8)best season. It is really important for us."Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is a (9)one-time thing. Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santa does not have a (l0)white Christmas.11。

Unit 3 New orleans is sinkingFor 300 years, the sea has been closing in on New Orleans. As the coastal erosion continues, it is estimated the city will be off shore in 90 years. Even in good weather, New Orleans is sinking. As the city begins what is likely to be the biggest demolition project in U.S. history, the question is, can we or should we put New Orleans back together again?Life has been returning to high and dry land on Bourbon Street, but to find the monumental challenge facing the city you have to visit neighborhoods you have never heard of. On Lizardi Street, 60 Minutes took a walk with the men in charge of finishing what Katrina started.Correspondent Scott Pelley reports.Before Katrina, "There would be noise and activity and families and people, and children, and, you know, I haven't seen a child in a month here," says Greg Meffert, a city official who, with his colleague Mike Centineo, is trying to figure out how much of the city will have to be demolished.Meffert, who is in charge of city planning, says it is "very possible" up to 50,000 houses will have to be bulldozed. Right now, most of the homes in the city are uninhabitable.Meffert faces a difficult task. Every time he goes to a house site here, he says, "It's one more knife in me that says, 'She did another one. She did another one,'" explains Meffert, "she" meaning Hurricane Katrina.When you walk through these neighborhoods and you see the houses, you get a sense of the pain of the individual families. But you don't get a sense of what has happened to the city of New Orleans itself.It is estimated that there were 200,000 homes in New Orleans, and 120,000 of them were damaged by the flood.The part of the city known as the lower Ninth Ward received some of the heaviest flooding. The houses are splintered block after block after block, almost as if the city had been carpet-bombed in war.Meffert says that before the storm, New Orleans had a population of470,000-480,000 people. Realistically, he thinks that half of those residents won't be coming back.The possessions of thousands of families, the stuff collected over lifetimes is suddenly garbage, clawed up into mountains in city parks. With so much gone already, should New Orleans pick up right where it was?"We should be thinking about a gradual pullout of New Orleans, and starting to rebuild people's homes, businesses and industry in places that can last more than 80 years," says Tim Kusky, a professor of earth sciences at St. Louis University.Kusky talks about a withdrawal of the city and explains that coastal erosion was thrown into fast forward by Katrina. He says by 2095, the coastline will pass the city and New Orleans will be what he calls a "fish bowl.""Because New Orleans is going to be 15 to 18 feet below sea level, sitting off the coast of North America surrounded by a 50- to 100-foot-tall levee system to protect the city," explains Kusky.He says the city will be completely surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico just 90 years from now.Since this story aired on Nov. 20, there has been considerable discussion about whether New Orleans really is sinking, including on CBS News' blog, Public Eye."That's the projection, because we are losing land on the Mississippi Delta at a rate of 25 to 30 square miles per year. That's two acres per hour that are sinking below sea level," says Kusky.That process could only be slowed, in theory, by massive restoration of wetlands. In the meantime, while Kusky's advice is to head for the hills, some New Orleans residents are hoping to head home.Vera Fulton has lived most of her 81 years on Lizardi Street and returned to her home recently for the first time since being evacuated."When they say 'storm,' I leave. I can't swim and I can't drink it. So what I do, I leave," says Vera, who has lost her home to two hurricanes.Vera is intent on coming back. "I don't have no other home, where I'mThree generations of Fultons, Vera's son Irvin Jr., his wife Gay and their son Irvin, 3rd, live around Lizardi Street.Irvin says his house is "just flat" and he didn't have insurance.That's the dilemma. The only thing they have left is land prone to disaster. They want to rebuild, and the city plans to let them.At Vera's house, Mike Centenio, the city's top building official, told 60 Minutes homes can go up as long as they meet what is called the "100-year flood level."The federal government had set a flood-level, but didn't figure on a levee failure that would flood parts of the city.The official level is several feet off the ground. If people meet the requirement, they can rebuild their homes, despite the fact that we saw, for example, a refrigerator lifted to the top of a carport by the floodwaters.Asked whether allowing people to rebuild makes sense, Centenio says it is "going to take some studying."Right now, he says the flood level requirement is the law.Twelve weeks after the storm hit, no one has an answer to where people should go. An estimated 80,000 homes had no insurance, and for now, the biggest grant a family can get from the federal government is $26,200. Those without flood insurance face an uncertain road ahead, trying to piece their lives and homes back together."I don't think any of us get to be made whole. I don't know of anybody that's even getting back to where they were. It's just a matter of how much you lost," says Meffert.No one wants to risk more losses until the levees are fixed but there is not a lot of confidence in that. There's evidence some of the levee walls may have failed from bad design or lousy workmanship.Fixing them is up to Colonel Richard Wagenaar, who told 60 Minutes, that by next summer, the levees will withstand a Category 3 storm. But for a Category 5 storm, Congress would have to double the levee height to 30Col. Wagenaar says building a 30-foot flood control system around the city could take five to ten years, and cost billions of dollars.Asked whether he would live in New Orleans if the levees were restored to pre-Katrina levels, Col. Wagenaar said he would, after a long pause."There's a lot of long pauses in things I think about these days," Wagenaar added.Another thing that gives you pause is the fact that one of the world's largest pumping systems can't keep the city dry with broken levees.60 Minutes was there in September during Hurricane Rita. Crews were fighting with everything they had, cooling a pump with a hose and a coat hanger. When the station flooded during Katrina, Gerald Tilton dove under water to open valves.Since then, Tilton and his men have been living at the station. "Most of us, our homes have been destroyed but a large number of us are still here doing the job that we get paid to do," says Tilton.Tilton says he hasn't seen his home since the storm hit and only took one thing from the house when he left: his diploma. "I graduated from Tulane last year and that was the one thing that I wanted. I know it might sound crazy."But sharp minds and heroism couldn't stop a second flood.It took another two weeks to dry out and count the losses. Now, inspectors with laptops are identifying ruined houses."Every house in New Orleans is loaded into this database," explains Centineo. The reports are sent instantly to a computer at city hall, where the database is linked to aerial images of every address, both before and after.When the reports are in, they will know how many billions it will take to rebuild, but not where that money is coming from.Mike Centineo showed us, at his house, that you can't appreciate the loss until you walk through the door. He lost pretty much everything in his home. "We've lost a lot. What hurts is family photos. They went under water and I pulled them out to try to salvage what I could," Centineo says.Centineo says he understands, probably better than any building official ever has, what the victims of Katrina are going through. "I'm one of them, that's true, I'm one of them."He is one of about 400,000 people still unable to come home. That's the worst part now, the deflation of the Big Easy.There are too few people to pay taxes or keep businesses going. The world's largest domed stadium doesn't have a football team; In New Orleans, these days, not even the Saints go marching in.Meffert has some clear feelings on whether the nation should commit billions of dollars and several years to protect the city."Is it commit or invest? I mean this is the thing that that people miss. The country has to decide whether it really is what we tell the world what we are. Or are we just saying that? Because if we are that powerful, if we are that focused, if we are that committed to all of our citizens, then there is no decision to make. Of course you rebuild it," says Meffert.。

Have you wished you were better at making a conversation? A great conversationalist is someone who connects with people and makes them feel important. When they talk to you, they make you feel like you're the only person in the room.Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice breaker. The best kind of ice breaker is one that's positive. A compliment is always a good ice breaker and will usually be appreciated. Any news event is a good ice breaker. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it's not negative, and as long as it's not a lie. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you is by being sincere and respectful, and letting them know that you are interested in talking to them.Once you've got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don't require just a yes or no answer. Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out; who, what, when, where, why and how questions. You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the "elaboration technique". Once you hit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible. A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they've had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time—who was there, what happened, where it was, and how people arranged the party. Go into detail. Description is the best form of communication because it keeps people's interest up and stimulates them.If you started a conversation with another person, and you're having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings.Breaking eye contact is a discreet signal that the conversation is about to end. Another way to signal is to use transition words like well, or at any rate. You may want to recap all that was said. Whatever you do, don't lie to the other person. If you're not interested in talking to them again, don't mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That's hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, "Nice meeting you." And then, leave.Finally, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.First StoryMy husband and I met in high school. During our senior year, we studies biology together. We talked and laughed a lot during class. One Friday, we Joked that we should go on a date that night. At first, I didn't know if he was serious. He didn't know if I was joking. That night I put on a new dress and waited. He had a more difficult time. He had to knock on the door without knowing if I would be ready or not. But he knocked, and I was ready! That was our first date. This year, we celebrated our fortieth wedding anniversary'Second StoryMy husband and I met one day at an airport. It was Christmas day. I was picking up my friend Bernd. He was coming from Germany to spend the holidays with my family. While we were waiting for his luggage, I heard a man speaking in Italian. I decided to say something to him because I speak Italian.I said, "Buon Natale" which means, "Merry Christmas!" When I spoke in Italian, he said, "Mama mia! Why do you speak Italian? Who are you?" He asked me for my phone number. He called me the next day, and we dated for a year. Then we got married. So be careful who you talk to in the airport!Third StoryMy wife and I met through our parents. Our parents arranged our marriage. Before we got married, my wife and I wanted to meet. Our parents arranged our first meeting in a restaurant. That night, we talked about ourselves and what we wanted in our lives. We talked for hours. We shared our hopes and dreams. After a while, we decided that our parents were right! And we got married.Fourth StoryMy wife and 1 met through a matchmaker. I'm an engineer, and in my field, most people are men. I couldn't meet any women at work. So one day I saw an advertisement for a matchmaking service, and I decided to call. The matchmaker introduced me to many nice women. I enjoyed meeting them, but I didn't meet anyone I wanted to marry. Finally, she introduced me to my wife. I decided not to date any other women because I liked her very much. We enjoyed the same things, and we laughed a lot together. We also had the same goals and values in life. My wife and I were married six years ago, and now we have two children. I'm glad I picked up the phone and called that matchmaker!Among married couples in the U.S., one finds a wide range of living patterns. Some older couples still have traditional marriages, with the man as breadwinner and the woman as homemaker. But most younger women today are not content to be full-time homemakers. The women's liberation movement, which swept the country in the 1960s, changed attitudes and behavior forever. Today's young American woman wants marriage, but she also wants her own identity. She wants what men have always had—a marriage that is important but still allows time to pursue individual goals. The maJority of American wives, even those with children, work outside the home- As a result, the older idea that housework, cooking, and child care are "women's work" is being discarded. In the contemporary American marriage, the husband and wife share both financial and domestic responsibilities.Sharing money-making and housekeeping responsibilities provides a better life for the family. Of course, problems can develop in the two-income family if the husband expects his working wife to be the perfect homemaker that his stay-at-home mother was- Also, there may be arguments if the wife expects her husband to help with household chores, but he is unwilling to do so. In most families, the working wife probably still handles the largest share of the housework, cooking, and child care. but she gets some help from her husband.The contemporary American marriage is also characterized by a relationship of equality and shared decision making. Most American women today will not tolerate a husband who considers himself the boss. The American girl is given freedom and education equal to a boy's. After completing her education, she is able to get a job and support herself. She does not need to marry for financial security. She is self-sufficient and will not accept a submissive role in marriage. When husband and wife are able to share decision making and respect each other's viewpoints, their marriage is probably closer than those of past generations. When they battle for dominance, they're likely to end up in divorce court.“Ring out the old, ring in the new,” wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the nineteenth-century English poet. And that's exactly what Americans do every December 31. New Year's Eve is a time for noise and fun- At home or in restaurants, most Americans drink and dine with friends- At midnight on New Year's Eve, bells ring, horns blow, and friends toast each other with champagne. It's also customary to exchange kisses. New Year's Eve festivities often continue until two or three o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends The country's most crowded New Year's Eve celebration takes place in New York City's Times Square. Since 1907, the famous ball-lowering ceremony has been a holiday highlight. To celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, an estimated 2 million people crowded into Times Square, and hundreds of million viewed the scene on TV The huge, 1,070-pound lighted crystal ball began its descent from a 77-foot flagpole at 11:59 p.m. and reached the bottom at exactly midnight. Simultaneously, confetti, balloons, and fireworks brightened the night sky. It was the biggest public event ever held in the city.What do Americans do on New Year's Day? Many sleep late because they stayed up all night long. Many watch TV which offers spectacular parades and football games between champion college teams. From ancient times to the present. New Year's customs have been connected with saying good-bye to the past and looking forward to a better future. Therefore, New Year's Day often inspires people to start new programs and give up bad habits. Some people make New Year's resolutions. People talk about "turning over a new leaf", referring to a clean, blank page or a fresh start. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking, begin a diet, or be nicer to others. It's safe to assume that about half of them are forgotten by January 31'It was a cool autumn evening. Mrs. Brown was sitting in her living room, reading. Suddenly, there was a loud knock on her door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her door. Then she opened the door a little and looked out. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When they saw her, they all shouted, "Trick or treat! Money or eats!"Mrs, Brown dropped a candy bar into each child's bag."Thanks for the candy," shouted the children as they ran off to ring another doorbell-"You're welcome," said Mrs. Brown. "Have fun, and don't play any pranks."Every year on October 31. Halloween scenes like this occur throughout the USA. American children love to dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating. If an adult refuses to supply a treat—candy, cookies, fruit, or money— the children may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing, throwing raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream on cars and friends.Halloween is celebrated by nearly all American children, and over 70% of adults also participate in some Halloween activity. College students and other young adults may attend masquerade parties or Halloween parades. Many families carve pumpkins and decorate the outside of their homes with the traditional Halloween symbols. Businesses get into the act, too. Store windows display jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, and witches. Servers in restaurants and salespeople in supermarkets and bookstores are often in costume. Many nightclubs and bars encourage customers to come in costume by offering prizes for the best disguisesUINT 4 PART 31. W: Some people say that many TV programs are silly, meaningless, or a waste of time. What do youthink of them, Jim?M: It seems to me that some important social issues—like drugs, divorce and so on—are dealt with fairly realistically and a lot of honest talks can be heard in these programs.Q: What does the man think of the TV programs?2. W: How was the lecture yesterday?M: Well... It was a complete drag.W: How come? Many students seem to be interested inJohnson's lecture.M: But the one yesterday was the pits. It bored me to tears.Q: How does the man think about the lecture yesterday?3. W: Frank, what do you think about your college life?M: Generally speaking, my college years are exciting and rewarding, but they are certainly not easy or carefree. Just about all college students face the pressure of making important career decisions and some anxiety about examinations and grades.Q: What does the man think about his college life?4. W: Wow! This is a marvelous room! Whose idea was it to decorate the room like this?M: It was Jane's.W: I never knew she was good at this. She must be very art-conscious.Q: What does the woman think about Jane now?5. W: I've been reading a lot lately about the issue of women's rights, and I find that is a very hot topicnow.M: It depends on which magazine or paper you read. If it's a women's magazine, just about every article has that as a topic in one way or another.Q: What is the man's response to the woman's saying?6. M: Ann, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimmingtogether?W: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot of good memories from here.M: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Q: What does the man think of the woman?7. W: How are you doing since you retired four months ago?M; I thought it would be wonderful to be retired. I have looked forward to this day for thirty years, but now I'm considering volunteering.Q: What does the man feel about his retired days?8. W: Well, it seems that Frank has become quite a famous painter.M: Has he? You know I'm a professional artist myself and I question how much talent Frank has. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man's comments?UINT 14 SECTION A1、Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.2、Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday.Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.3、Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!4、Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.5、Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.6、Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend.Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful1、Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again.Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.2、Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have abad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But I know that youdon't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right?MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study.Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you need to payattention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow my advice, you'llstart to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food.Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to two cups a day. Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week. It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and is easy todo. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Most people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to the store, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.。