第2,3课第1课大学外语

Unit 1 Your college years1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。

2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。

当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。

重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。

皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。

人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。

人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。

3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。

这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。

事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。

高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。

这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。

但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。

41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。

第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。

第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。

第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。

例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。

基础篇B2-U n i t1教案教案河南大学大学外语教学部教案Unit 1 College CultureUnit overviewCampus traditions form college memories. They unite the students of past and present. They also create a strong connection to the campus for everyone who spent time there. Each college has its beloved culture and traditions that students kept alive through the years, or even through centuries. However, some are forbidden due to various reasons. After learning this unit, you will get to know your college from a new perspective.Lesson 1Agenda:1.Lead in (课程导入)2.Audio Studio (语音材料听力练习)3.Speaking Workshop (口语工作坊)4.Home Assignments （课下作业）Part I Lead-inTry to list as many mottos of Chinese universities as you can (both in Chinese and English). Part II Audio StudioListening PassageWord bank:undergraduate n. (尚未取得学位的)大学生participate v. 参加；参与Task 1 Multiple Choices1. A. Sydney, Madrid, Prague.B. Prague, Sydney, Madrid.C. Prague, Madrid, Sydney.D. Madrid, Sydney, Prague.2. A. She quite liked the study environment.B. She didn’t e njoy the study environment.C. She wanted a more independent study environment.D. She felt the study environment was not serious enough.3. A. Too serious.B. Too advanced.C. More teacher-centered.D. More student-centered.Task 2 Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with what you hear.• 1 Prague had a very ___________ study environment, a lot of my classmates were a bit older and the study there was more like ____________ learning.• 2 I would have __________ a bit more help. But Sydney was __________, because there were so many international students.• 3 I guess it depends. Some were more __________ . You know, they wanted to experience studying abroad and expand their ____________.• 4 You might think that Spanish people are really __________ and open. However, it was quite difficult to get into the __________.Tape Script of audio task:Peter: So, Tina, you told me that you'd studied in three different countries.Tina: Yeah, that's right. I did my undergraduate in Prague and as part of that I joined an exchange program in Madrid for one semester and after that I moved to Sydney for my master’s degree. Peter: Wow, that sounds really interesting. I'm interested in the student life in these different countries. Do you think there are big differences?Tina: Yeah, they are quite different. Prague had a very serious study environment, a lot of my classmates were a bit older and the study there was more like independent learning.Peter: Right.Tina: So, at that time I didn't really enjoy that environment. I felt it was too advanced. I would have preferred a bit more help. But Sydney was different, because there were so many international students.Peter: How about Madrid?Tina: I felt in Madrid it was more teacher-centered style of teaching so students took notes and perhaps didn’t participate so much.Peter: I see. OK. Were students in Sydney more active than those in Madrid?Tina: I guess it depends. Some were more active. You know, they wanted to experience studying abroad and expand their world view.Peter: You said students in Prague were really serious. How about the students in Madrid?Tina: Right. Well, in Madrid I actually found it difficult to become friends with local students. You might think that Spanish people are really friendly and open. However, it was quite difficult to get into the local life. So, to be honest, most of my friends were other international students. PassageWord Bankcarnation n. 康乃馨compulsory a. 强制的；强迫的Task 1 True or False1 The speaker likes the tradition of wearing examination carnations.2 Students prefer carnations to other flowers.3 Students wear carnations to show their preparedness for exams.4 Students must be given the flowers by someone else.Task 2 Filling blanks• 1 White carnations are worn for the first exam, ___________ carnations for the last and ___________ carnations for all the exams in between.• 2 They leave the exam halls through a special ___________, running into the arms of their friends. Their friends are quick to cover them in Prosecco and various other items to___________.• 3 It is so nice to see people all around town buying each other flowers, wishing ___________ luck and congratulating those wearing ___________.ScriptTraditions, traditions, Oxford is full of them, but the examination carnations are definitely one of my favorites. Carnations are worn during exam time to show how far along each student is with their exams. White carnations are worn for the first exam, red carnations for the last and pink carnations for all the exams in between. One suggested reason for this tradition is that students used to place a white carnation in their red ink-pots when taking exams, so by the last exam it was completely red.You can easily tell which students have finished their exams by the red carnations. They leave the exam halls through a special back door, running into the arms of their friends. The friends are quick to cover them in Prosecco and various other items to celebrate.Carnations are not compulsory, but tradition also states that students must be given the flowers by someone else. Whatever the reason, I hope that this is one tradition that is here to stay. It is so nice to see people all around town buying each other flowers, wishing strangers luck and congratulating those wearing red.News report 1Multiple Choices1. A. Chance to advertise the college’s arts festival brand.B. Chance to revive the long lost art tradition of the college.C. Chance to introduce up-to-date works of art out of campus.D. Chance to highlight those who work to enrich the college community.2. A. Once a month.B. Once a quarter.C. Once a semester.D. Once a year.3. A. For 5 days.B. For 8 days.C. For 10 days.D. For 12 days.ScriptStudents and teachers worked as partners across all areas of art at Amherst College to celebrate the Spring Arts Festival on campus.“We have a lively arts community that touches almost every corner of our campus,” says an assistant professor of music. Another profess or agrees: “The Spring Arts Festival is a chance to highlight some of the students, faculty and guests who work to enrich our community through their works of art, performances and discussion of the arts all year long.”Now an annual event, the 10-day Spring Arts Festival kicks off with an opening get-together and live jazz performance in the Arms Music Center. Each day there will be at least one event.News report 2Multiple Choices1. A. To promote tourism.B. To promote cooperation in trade.C. To enhance the exchange of knowledge.D. To propose new programs to study abroad.2. A. Chinese art.B. Chinese music.C. Chinese history.D. Chinese medicine.3. A. About 40.B. About 80.C. About 120.D. About 160.ScriptRecently, China and Denmark have entered into a range of agreements to partner in areas including research, innovation and higher education. The purpose is to enhance the exchange of knowledge between the two countries. Against this background, more Chinese and Danish higher institutions are setting up an increasing number of exchange programs.As a result of this, about 40 third-year students majoring in English, interpretation and translation, journalism, and Chinese literature from Beijing International Studies University (BISU) will study cross-cultural studies at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) next year. At the same time, about 40 Danish students majoring in Chinese studies will come to BISU to learn Chinese history, literature, and language.The numbers of exchange students will double, year-on-year, going forward. Because of the partnership between BISU and UCPH, it will be an excellent opportunity for students to look into the differences in terms of lifestyles between Chinese and Danish university students.Part III Speaking workshopHave a discussion with your peers on the following Topics• 1 Do you know any other interesting traditions relating to exams? Share them with the class.• 2 What is your favorite college tradition? And why do you like it?Part IV Home Assignment1.Try to understand what is taught in class;2.Explain your university motto orally;3.Prepare for the new activities;5. Preview next lesson.教案Lesson 2Part I Lead-inTask 1 Explore campus life in different countriesTask II questions and answers✧What special classes or courses does your university have?✧Which aspects of your university’s PE class interest you the most? And which aspects do youthink need to be improved?Part II Videl StudioWord Bankinstructor n. 教练unique a. 独特的；独一无二的spiritual a. 精神(上)的；心灵的technical a. (尤指在音乐、艺术、体育运动等方面)技艺突出的Background InformationCornell University:Cornell is a privately endowed research university and a partner of the State University of New York. As the federal land-grant institution in New York State, we have a responsibility—unique within the Ivy League—to make contributions in all fields of knowledge in a manner that prioritizes public engagement to help improve the quality of life in our state, the nation, the world. Task 1 Viewing and understanding: Multiple Choices1 Why did Emily initially choose to attend Cornell University?A. Cornell University has high standard faculty.B. Cornell University has a tree climbing PE class.C. Cornell University is an Ivy League research university.D. Cornell University has a good reputation for academic research.2 According to Justin, how are the instructors like in the tree climbing class?A. Strict.B. Skillful.C. Helpful.D. Friendly.3 What do you really need before attending a Cornell Tree Climbing class?A. Tree climbing equipment.B. Tree climbing techniques.C. Physical and spiritual readiness.D. Clothing appropriate for the weather.Task 2 Viewing and understanding: MatchingTask 3 Thinking and Speaking✧Why do you think people attend college/university?✧What are the benefits and harms of club activities for college students?ScriptWelcome to Cornell University and the Cornell Tree Climbing (CTC). CTC supports safe and environmentally friendly tree climbing techniques for pleasure, education, and research. We offer tree climbing courses for all ages and experience levels both locally and internationally. We believe that people love being in trees. We have never offered a class which did not fill. Let’s hear from the instructors and students.Brian: We've had a group of six students and we've been teaching them how to climb these trees. Ibrahim: I didn’t notice how tall these trees are. It’s the tallest tree I probably see.Emily: One of the reasons I initially came to Cornell was cuz I saw they had a tree climbing PE class and I thought that was really pretty unique.Diana: It's hard, you know, it's hard like I was in a photograph.Justin: It works so hard you like to take a day and a half to get to the top and just … yeah we made it. We made it and the view is fantastic.Tammy: This is my third year and every year is just as exciting as the year before.Diana: It's, it's a gift to be able to make something fun and educational.Justin: All the instructors were really friendly. It's been fantastic and it's eye-opening because these are the largest trees in the world by mass. When you get to the top still you can't put your arms around them.精品文档Tammy: It's kind of like a spiritual thing for me when you get up in the tree like that. I, I don't know how to describe it but it's, it’s very peaceful and it's contentness.Jed: You need to have the technical skills and you need to be sure of yourself because when you look down it's a long way down.Emily: I went in pretty unsure about the different tree climbing techniques and pretty nervous but by the end of it I feel really, really confident in all the techniques which is awesome.Brian: This group of people there … they just loved tree climbing so much.Lessons are offered at any time, weekday or weekend, all year round, by arrangement. Find a time that works for you. Call us up and we’ll let you know if it is available. You need only bring clothing appropriate for the weather. Tough outside clothes and strong gloves are a good idea. We’ll provide all the climbing equipment. Don’t wait, join us.Home Assignment1.Try to understand what is taught in class;2. Practice I-enhance through U-campus;3. Prepare for the next unit;4. Finish the unit test.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。

大学英语教材课文笔记教材：《英语视听说教程》第一课：Meeting new people教材内容简介：本课程主要介绍如何与陌生人交流并建立友谊。

通过学习本课程，学生将能够掌握基本的自我介绍和简单的交流技巧。

课文摘要：在课文中，主人公杰克来到了一所外国学校，并遇到了一位名叫莉莉的中国留学生。

他们进行了一段简单的对话，相互介绍了自己的姓名、国籍和兴趣爱好。

通过这个交流，杰克和莉莉建立了初步的友谊。

重点句子分析：1. "Hi, I'm Jack. Nice to meet you!"（你好，我是杰克。

很高兴见到你！）这是杰克向莉莉进行自我介绍的句子。

通过这句话，杰克展示了友好的态度，并表达了对莉莉的认可。

2. "Where are you from?"（你来自哪里？）这是莉莉向杰克询问国籍的句子。

通过这句话，莉莉展示了对杰克背景的兴趣，并且为后续的交流做好了准备。

3. "I'm from China. How about you?"（我来自中国。

你呢？）这是莉莉回答杰克关于国籍的问题的句子。

通过这句话，莉莉主动回应了杰克的提问，并提出进一步了解杰克的愿望。

学习要点：1. 自我介绍的基本表达方式学生需要学习如何用简洁明了的语言介绍自己的姓名和基本背景信息。

在实际情境中，可以借鉴课文中杰克的自我介绍方式。

2. 询问对方的国籍和背景信息学生需要学习在交流中向对方提问，以了解对方的国籍和背景信息。

可以参考莉莉向杰克提问的方式，表达自己对对方的兴趣。

3. 建立友谊的关键句型学生需要学习如何使用积极友好的语言表达对对方的认可和友好感。

在课文中，杰克和莉莉建立了初步的友谊，这也是因为他们使用了友善的语言进行交流。

个人笔记和心得：通过学习这篇课文，我深刻理解到在初次见面时，表达出友好和善意是建立友谊的重要一步。

简单而直接的自我介绍可以为进一步沟通奠定基础。

大学英语教材第一册unit2课文Unit 2: FreedomIn Unit 2 of the first textbook of College English, we delve into the theme of "freedom." This unit explores various aspects of freedom and the importance of valuing and preserving it. In this article, we will take a closer look at the key lessons covered in this unit and discuss the significance of freedom in our lives.Lesson 1: The Concept of FreedomThe first lesson introduces us to the concept of freedom. It emphasizes the idea that freedom is not just the absence of physical constraints but also the ability to make choices and express oneself. Through thought-provoking readings and engaging discussions, students are encouraged to explore their understanding of freedom and reflect on its personal and societal implications.Lesson 2: Personal Freedom and ResponsibilityLesson 2 focuses on the relationship between personal freedom and responsibility. Students examine the notion that freedom comes with certain responsibilities and limitations. They delve into the idea that responsible choices and actions are essential for the maintenance of personal freedom and the well-being of the community as a whole.Lesson 3: Freedom of Speech and ExpressionIn Lesson 3, students explore the fundamental freedom of speech and expression. They examine the vital role these freedoms play in promotingdemocracy and fostering a diverse and inclusive society. By analyzing real-life scenarios and engaging in debates, students develop critical thinking skills and learn to articulate their opinions while respecting different viewpoints.Lesson 4: Freedom and Social ProgressLesson 4 delves into the relationship between freedom and social progress. Students examine how freedom fosters innovation, creativity, and societal development. They come to understand that a society that values and protects individual freedoms is more likely to thrive and adapt to changing circumstances.Lesson 5: Freedom from DiscriminationThe final lesson of this unit explores the importance of freedom from discrimination. Students delve into the idea that everybody should be entitled to equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their gender, race, or background. They learn about historical figures who fought for freedom and equality, gaining inspiration to advocate for a more inclusive and fair society.In conclusion, the first unit of College English's textbook provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of freedom and its significance in various aspects of our lives. By studying and discussing these topics, students not only improve their language skills but also develop a deeper understanding of the world around them. By valuing and preserving freedom, we contribute to creating a society that respects individual rights, fosters creativity, and encourages social progress.。

一到三课单词分类总结Teil 1 Nomen （第一部分名词）——时间名词——der Tag-e 白天der Morgen - 早上der Mittag -e 中午der Vormittag -e 上午der Nachmittag -e 下午der Abend-e 晚上die Nacht ··e 夜里die Zeit-en 时间；时代der Moment -e ——星期名词——die Woche –n星期，周der Montag –e 周一Dienstag 周二Mittwoch 周三Donnerstag 周四Freitag 周五Samstag 周六Sonntag 周日所有星期名词都是阳性的, 复数加e ——饮食，食品，饮料——das Restaurant-s饭店，饭馆die Mensa ...sen 食堂die Essgewohnheit –en饮食习惯der Frühstück –e早餐das Mittagessen –午餐das Abendessen –晚餐der Nachtisch o. Pl. 餐后甜点das Gericht –e菜肴der Appetit –e胃口das Obst o. Pl. 水果das Gemüse –蔬菜das Brot -e 面包das Ei -er 鸡蛋der Käse- 乳酪die Kartoffel-n 土豆die Wurst ··e 香肠das Fleisch 肉der Honig蜂蜜das Butterbrot –e黄油面包die Marmelade –n果酱der Quark o.Pl. 凝乳das Müsli o. Pl. 混合麦片der Reis o. Pl. 米，米饭der Pudding –e/s布丁das Eis o. Pl. 冰，冰淇淋der Kuchen –蛋糕，点心das Schweineschnitzel –猪排die Pommes Frites Pl.炸薯条der Salatteller –沙拉die Spaghetti Bolognese Pl. 意大利面die Rösti –土豆派（斜体词可以选记）das Getränk –e饮料die Cola –s 可乐der Tee -s 茶der Kaffee -s咖啡die Milch 牛奶das Wasser -水——家庭——die Familie-n家庭der Mann··e男子，丈夫die Frau-en 女人；妻子；夫人der Herr-n, -en 先生，主人der Vater ··父亲die Mutter ··母亲die Eltern Pl.父母das Kind-er 孩子die Geschwister Pl. 兄弟姐妹der Bruder ··兄弟die Schwester-n姐妹der Freund-e 朋友die Freundin -nen女朋友der Junge –n ,- n小伙子，少年der/die Verwandte dekl. wie Adj.亲戚die Leute Pl.人们der Name –ns ,-n名字der Familienname-n 姓der Nachname –n 姓der Vorname –n 名——与学习有关的名词——die Universität-en大学die Schule-n学校das Wohnheim -e大学生宿舍der Unterrichtsraum . . e 教室der Student -en,-en大学生das Beispiel-e例子das Heft-e 练习本das Buch··er书der Text-e 课文das Lehrbuch ··教科书die Hausaufgabe-n 家庭作业die Volkabel-n 单词der Unterricht o. Pl. 课，课程das Seminar –e 讨论课das Wort ··er, -e单词；话der Satz ··e句子die Physik 物理学der Studentenausweis 学生证——职业——der Beruf –e 职业der Arbeiter –工人die Arbeiterin – nen女工人der Lehrer –教师，男教师die Lehrerin –nen 女教师der Physiker –物理学家die Physikerin -nen 女物理学家der Sportler –运动员die Sportlerin -nen 女运动员der Professor m. -en 教授——国家及相关语言——Japan 日本Japanisch 日语China 中国der Chinese –n , -n 中国人Chinesisch 中文Deutschland 德国Deutsch 德语，德文der/die Deutsche dekl. wie Adj.德国人Österreich 奥地利die Schweiz 瑞士Frankreich 法国——场所——der Garten··花园die Fabrik –en 工厂die Straße –n 大街der Weg –e 路die Tankstelle -n 加油站das Haus··er 家，房子das Zimmer - 房间das Gebäude –大厦，房屋die Station –en 车站das Cafe´ -s咖啡馆der Platz . . e座位，广场，空地die Heimatstadt. . e家乡——物品——das Fahrrad··er 自行车die Lampe –n 灯das Geld –er 钱，货币der Tisch –e 桌子die Tasse –n 杯子der Koffer - 箱子das Glas··er 玻璃杯der Mantel··大衣der Hammer –榔头der Ball··e 球der Fernseher –电视机das Auto –s汽车der Korb··e 篮子die Tür –en 门der Füller –自来水笔der Löffel –勺die Bank··e 长凳die Zeitung –en 报纸der Cent –分币das Bild –er 图片die Geldkarte –n 银行卡die Situation –en 情景——抽象名词——der Hunger饥饿Angst f. . .e 恐惧，害怕——从动词转化而成的名词——(去词尾构成为阳性，直接转化为中性，-ung词尾和-e词尾为阴性)der Besuch –e 拜访，访客die Verwaltung –en 管理部门die Unterschrift –en 签名die Hilfe –n 帮助die Entschuldigung –en 对不起der Dank 感谢die Antwort 回答die Frage问题das Leben生活besuchen verwalten unterschreiben helfen entschuldigen danken antworten fragenleben——同形容词变化的名词——der/die Angestellte职员der/die Verwandte 亲戚der/die Deutsche德国人——其它——die Hand··e 手die Sonne –n 太阳die Jade玉die Katze –n 猫die Kutsche –n 马车der Berg –e 山die Quittung –en 收据，收条das Problem –e问题das Blatt ·e 一张（纸），书页die Regel –n 规则die Situation –en 情景Teil 2 Verben （第二部分动词）kaufen买machen 做、干、从事lesen读üben练习sein是、在、存在heißen 叫、称作kommen来、来到sprechen讲、说、谈话studieren（在大学）学习、研究leben生活fragen问问题bilden构成öffnen打开übersetzen 翻译（笔译）reisen 旅行behandeln 处理，对待erklären解释fahren 行驶；开车；乘车bedeuten 意思是begrüßen 问候，打招呼liegen平放；躺；位于haben有，得到entschuldigen 对不起helfen 帮助schauen 看suchen 寻找brauchen 需要unterschreiben 签名laufen 跑，走路nehmen拿取，买，吃beginnen 开始sitzen 坐bitten 请求essen 吃besuchen 拜访，参观，上课sagen 说，告诉verstehen 理解，听懂kochen 做饭，煮schmecken 好吃meinen 认为gefallen 满意，喜欢passen 适合gehören 属于schreiben 写schenken 赠送denken 想，思考treffen 碰面，遇见glauben 相信，认为probieren 试，尝试，品尝zeigen 显示，出示，指给看sehen 看见kennen 认识，知道bekommen 得到wissen 知道funktionieren 起作用，运行sparen节省holen取geben 给trinken 喝情态动词können 能够möchte 想要，打算可分动词kennen lernenTeil 3 Adjektive und Adverbien （第三部分形容词和副词）——反义词——gut 好lang长的、长久的schnell 快的neu新的warm 暖和的schlecht坏、不好kurz短的、短暂的langsam慢的alt 旧的kühl 凉爽的heiß热的süß甜的früh 早schwer 重，沉；困难的groß大的，（人）高的richtig 正确的interessant 有趣的fleißig勤奋的、努力的kalt 冷的bitter 苦的spät 晚，迟leicht 轻的，容易的klein 小的，（人）矮的falsch 错误的langweilig无聊的faul 懒惰的——其它形容词——schön美丽的、好的fertig完成了的gemeinsam共同的typisch典型的undeutlich不清楚的klar清楚的frei自由的，空着的weit 远genau 详尽的，准确地；对gerade直的；刚才；正在ganz完整的，整个的，非常wirklich事实上的，非常ruhig安静的，尽管einfach简单的，干脆bestimmt确定的，肯定（斜体词都有两种词性，要注意）——时间副词——meistens通常bald 不久jetzt 现在dann 然后oft 经常schon已经morgen 明天heute 今天immer 总是，一直manchmal有时候dort那儿hier这儿überall到处——其它副词——nicht不auch 也bitte请zusammen一起ja是nein不是besonders特别genug足够selbst自己gleichfalls同样doch是（否定问句）gern喜欢mal一次übrigens顺便说一下noch还Teil 4 Andere Wörter（第四部分其它词类）——疑问词——wer谁was什么wo在哪里wohin到哪里去woher从哪里来wie怎么样wie alt多大年纪wann什么时候warum为什么wie lange多久——不定代词，指示代词——beid-两者all-所有的viel-许多wenig- 少的einig-几个，一些etwas 一些（东西／事情）nichts 什么都没有dies- (指示代词)这个，这些und和，并且oder或者aber但是denn 因为sondern 而是——介词——四格介词für 为了gegen反对，违反um围绕durch穿过ohne没有bis直到三格介词aus 从……里面来von 从……来；所属nach 去；在……后面mit伴随，使用seit自从bei在附近，在某人处zu 去静三动四的介词in在里面；到里面去vor 在前面，到前面去hinter 到后面去，在后面auf 在上面，到上面去。

大学俄语3第一课开发宇宙空间的历程自远古时起，人们就渴望了解自己周围的世界。

关于这一点希腊诗人奥维德曾这样形象的描绘：“人们渴望伸手够着天。

”虽然这句话并没有什么明确的目的，但其中的包海蜇人们想认识的世界，开拓新视野的愿望。

看起来，人类第一次开发太空的实验室应该是1783年。

当时两个法国人---------约瑟夫·米歇尔·蒙戈而非耶和雅克·埃蒂安·蒙哥尔菲耶兄弟制造了第一个充气热气的气球。

据传说，有一次，约瑟夫·蒙哥尔菲耶看到，当她夫人从壁炉跟前走过时，她的丝裙被风吹的飘了起来，于是他产生了一个想法：热气球也可以往上飞，事实上，并非壁炉前的观察使蒙哥尔菲耶产生飞行的想法，因为在这之前，人们已经积累了足够的物理知识，已有描绘空间性质的书籍出版。

不仅如此，不久人们发现了氢气，很快就用它填充气球。

由于蒙戈而非耶兄弟是工厂主，算是有钱人，所以他们能花费一些资金来满足自己的好奇心。

兄弟俩在研制了一个自认为可以将人送上天空的不太大的气球。

他们找到了愿意飞行的自愿者，其中一位是巴黎近郊经营药店的医生皮拉·得·罗奇。

然而，和现在一样，当时所有的活动都处在政府的监督之下。

当时的法国国王路易十六下令不许用人的生命冒险，要先做生物实验。

可能当时是用其他语言表达的，但事情的本质是一样的：即在人飞行之前，要用动物做实验。

公鸡和其他动物成为了气球的第一批乘客。

他们飞的不高，但毕竟使人们看到，在当时看来如此的不寻常的乘气球飞行是安全的。

公鸡确实遭受了一些痛苦，它的翅膀折断了，但不管怎么说，所有的乘客都平安降落。

一个月后，过往准许皮拉·得·罗奇和其他自愿者飞行。

气球时代就这样开始了·············第一次飞行之后人们取得了许多卓越的成绩。

新视野大学英语第三版读写2第一课课文怎么读课文指教科书中的正文，区别于注释和习题等，一般在语文或地理中出现。

英语，有对话和短文。

下面我们来看看新视野大学英语2读写教程unit 1 Time-Conscious Americans课文原文吧。

Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.1) What precious resource do Americans value and save?2) What are the three kinds of behaviors that Americans consider to be a waste of time?3) In what different ways do Americans approach time in business relations? Time-Conscious AmericansAmericans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, youare falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor."We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time istreated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyoneis in a rush ― often under pressure. C ity people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, orelbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles,brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goeswith a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust.Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, westart talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phonecalls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer ― especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore,save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or norelation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also ― by satellite ― internationally.The U. S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas thepostal service is less efficient.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impoliteto work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be givenadded weight by the passage of time. In the U. S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".Section BCulture ShockDo you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Like many young people who leave home to study in another country,do you think you would have lots of desirable fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to thoseparts of the culture not familiar to you. This is culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.The first stage is called "the honeymoon". In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This isthe "hostility stage". You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against theeffects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called "repression". This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothingbothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called "regression". This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called "isolation". You would rather be home alone, and you don't want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at leastthat's what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called "rejection". With this coping mechanism, you think you don't need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called "recovery". In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinctions of the culture are different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.The last stage of culture shock is called "adjustment". In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.Evidently, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that isnot your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.Section CAdjustment to a New CultureI had to find more friends. After several weeks in school I knew a couple of students but saw them only a few minutes, perhaps three times a week. I decided to learn a few more names. I came ten minutes early to my News Media and U.S. Government class. Two young women, one black and one white, were already there. I told myself to be aggressive and went up to them."Hi." I tried to be casual. "My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China." I stressed Beijing, hoping that might create some attention."Oh, really? How do you find it here? " The white woman seemed interested.I couldn't understand what she meant. "I came here by plane, of course." I must have looked lost. The white woman added quickly, "I mean, do you likethis country?""Well, I don't know. " How foolish I was. Why had I said this?"My name is Ann. This is Geri."Several other students had arrived by now. I didn't know if the two women wanted to go on talking. I began feeling nervous when I realized I was standing in the middle of the classroom.Ann started to move away. "Glad to meet you, Mr.― ""Liu," I said in haste, "Just call me Liu. My last, no, my first name is too hard to pronounce.""Glad to meet you, Mr. Liu," Ann repeated."Thank you," I said, my face turning red. I wondered what I had thanked them for, as I made my way to a seat.After the class began, most of what the professor said escaped my ears and I left as soon as the lecture ended. I had no other class that day and Ididn't want to go back to the loneliness of the McKnight house, so I explored around the grounds. Many students were entering a particular lecture hall. I stopped and checked my list of classes. It was a history class. Good.I went in. I sat in a seat away from the lecture stand. Nobody paid any attention to me. I saw several Asian faces among the crowd. I relaxed, tookout my notebook, and opened the school newspaper, pretending to be an old hand.A young man sat down beside me and smiled. It was five minutes until class. Perhaps I could strike up a conversation with this friendly looking man. I started my set introduction. "My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China.""Glad to meet you. My name is George Christi." He seemed ready to talk."Please write down your name for me." I handed my notebook to him. "You know, it is very hard for me to remember American names without seeing them spelled out." I said this out of a desire to speak two more sentences, rather than as an explanation. I looked at what he wrote. "Is yours the same name as that British woman who writes mystery novels? ""Sort of," he answered.Seeing me at a loss, he asked, "How do you like the weather here?""Much the same as that in Beijing. We have cold winters, too.""I hope someday I can go to Beijing.""You'll be welcome. If you wait for two years, I can show you around." I was so very eager to make a friend of him.Unfortunately, the professor appeared and the class began. I would be sure to come to this class again and locate this friendly person.I didn't try my luck anymore that afternoon. Instead I found a seat in the library and tried to finish some assignments. I took out my books, but my mind refused to absorb anything. I glanced around the library; some students were doing their homework; a few were dozing on the sofa along the wall. Looking at those tired students, I remembered an article in the newspaper had reportedthat the fees would be $6,900. How could I blame them for not wanting to talk to me? Costs were so high; they had to put their time and energy into their studies.I closed my books and began a letter to Fengyun, but couldn't finish it. Sad, I packed up my books and walked slowly back to my room. I knew my sadness came not only from missing my family, but also from the frustration of being unable to learn. People in Beijing must be thinking I was enjoying myself herein the richest country in the world. Yet I was suffering, not because peoplein America were not accepting me, but because they didn't understand me anddidn't seem to care how I felt ― and because I didn't understand them, either. After my three classes each day, I walked without aim around the grounds likea lost soul. I had no place to go.I felt better when dusk fell, knowing that another day had passed.新视野大学英语课文翻译Unit1SectionA我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。