六级笔试新题型模拟试卷01

六级考试模拟试卷1Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Psychological Problems among College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:1. 目前很多大学生存在着较严重的心理问题2. 造成这些心理问题的原因3. 应该采取什么措施来解决这些问题Part II Reading (skimming and scanning) (15 minutes) Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 17,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B）,C）,and D）.For questions 8—10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble vitamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid vitamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorbcalcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble vitaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives __________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35mins)Section ADirections: In part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The questions and the questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.11. (A) She doesn't want to waste her film.(B) She already took a picture of the mountains.(C) She doesn't have any more film.(D) She doesn't know how to use the camera.12. (A) he didn't know what hospital Bill was in(B)he took Bill to the hospital.(C)He's sorry the woman hurt herself.(D) He forgot to call the woman.13. (A) Borrow her book.(B) Check the classroom again.(C) Buy a new book.(D) Ask about the book at the information desk.14. (A) Spend more time working on calculus problems.(B) Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.(C) Work on the assignment with a classmate.(D) Ask the graduate assistant for help.15 .(A) He has already finished his report.(B) He hasn't chosen a topic for his report.(C) The woman's report is already long enough.(D) The woman will have time to finish her16. (A) Stay in the dormitory.(B) Find out the cost of living in the dormitory.(C) Ask for a reduction in her rent.(D) Move into an apartment with a roommate.17. (A) They're extremely noisy.(B) They should have arrived by now.(C)They should be allowed to fly there.(D)They're not on a definite schedule.18. (A) He already has plans for Saturday night.(B) The woman should decide where to eat Saturday.(C) The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion.(D) He will make a reservation at the restaurant.Long conversationsConversation I19 (A) She’s writing research papers(B) She’s workin g on a conservation project(C) She’s studying for exams(D) She’s doing her biology homework20 (A) She doesn’t know which topic to choose(B) Her assignments are due on the same day(C) She’s concerned about the spotted owl(D) She dislikes her economics class21 (A)A scarcity of jobs in their field(B)Inadequate training in methods of biological research(C)Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls(D)A lack of funding for their work with endangered species22 (A)It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl(B)Its population is increasing(C)It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists(D)Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examinedConversation II23. (A) They're classmates.(B) They're roommates.(C) They're cousins.(D) They're lab partners.24. (A) He couldn't decide on a topic for his paper.(B) He thought his paper was late.(C) He hadn't heard from his family in a while.(D) He thought the woman had been ill.25. (A) To find their way back to the nest.(B) To locate plant fibers.(C) To identify kinds of honey.(D) To identify relatives.Section B Passage comprehensionDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. (A) Watch a slide show about trees.(B) Learn how to prevent Dutch elm disease.(C) Study the history of the campus buildings and grounds.(D) Look at examples of trees on campus.27. (A) History.(B) Physical education.(C) Botany.(D) Architecture.28. (A) Its leaves are yellow.(B) Its leaves are lopsided.(C) It is very tall.(D) It is not an angiosperm.29. (A) It has grown too tall for its designated space.(B) It may be diseased.(C) Its branches are being broken off.(D) It no longer hears from.Passage Two30. (A) Jefferson's views about commercialized agriculture.(B) International trade in the nineteenth century(C) Improvements in farm machinery in the United States.(D) Farmers' loss of independence31. (A) Crop production became increasingly specialized.(B) Economic depressions lowered the prices of farm products.(C) New banking laws made it easy to buy farmland.(D) The United States increased its agricultural imports.32. (A) Prices for farm products rose.(B) Farmers became more dependent on loans from banks.(C)Jefferson established government programs to assist farmers.(D) Farmers relied less on foreign markets.Passage three33. (A) In place of physical therapy.(B) To control brain seizures.(C) To prevent heat disease.(D) To relieve tension.34 (A) They like to have music in the operating room.(B) They solved problems better while listening to music they liked.(C) They preferred classical music.(D) They performed better when they used headphones.35.(A) It increased the students’ while blood cell count.(B) It increased some students’ energy level.(C) It improved the students’ ability to play m usical instruments.(D) It released a natural painkiller in some students’ bodies.Section C Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Sleep is part of a person's daily 36 cycle. There are several different stages of sleep and they 37 in cycles, If you are an 38 sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber, youreyes will roll about a bit, your 39 will drop slightly, your 40 will relax, and your 41 will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 42 for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so as you relax more and more you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleeps. The lower your stage of sleep the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose 43 you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. 44 .This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. 45______________________________________________ ________This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some ~ to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur________________46_____ __. .You will slip gently back from stage I to 4.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices. There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund(退款) when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.Consumers will need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort---and the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

英语六级模拟试卷1附答案与听力材料英语六级模拟试卷（1）（附答案与听力材料）Part ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1. A) Dick’s trousers don’t match his jacket.B) Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.C) The color of Dick’s jacket is too dark.D) Dick has bad taste in clothes.2. A) Call the police station.B) Get the wallet for the man.C) Show the man her family pictures.D) Ask to see the man’s driver’s license.3. A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.4. A) She lost a lot of weight in two years.B) She stopped exercising two years ago.C) She had a unique way of staying healthy.D) She was never persistent in anything she did.5. A) The man is not suitable for the position.B) The job has been given to someone else.C) She had received only one application letter.D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.6. A) He’s unwilling to fetch the laundry.B) He has already picked up the laundry.C) He will go before the laundry closed.D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.7. A) At a shopping center.B) At an electronics company.C) At an international trade fair.D) At a DVD counter in a music store.8. A) The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.B) The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.C) The woman prefers light movies before sleep.D) The woman regrets going to the movie.9. A) He is the right man to get the job done.B) He is a man with professional expertise.C) He is not easy to get along with.D) He is not likely to get the job.10. A) It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.B) It should change its concept of operation.C) It should revolutionize its technology.D) It is a very good place to relax.Section BCompound DictationRemember that this is a vocational training institute. We train you so that you can take up a ___S1___ kind of job. So it is important that you know the main ___S2___ of the jobs, what the work is like and what kind of qualities you need to ___S3___at them. A Physical Fitness Instructor works in health and fitness centers preparing ___S4___ programs for ordinary member of the public. Physical Fitness Instructors prepare ___S5___ of exercise to suit the individual clients’ age and level of fitness. Sports ___S6___ run clubs and sporting associations. Their duties include such things as booking playing fields with local ___S7___ andorganizing the schedule of games or vents for the club, so they need good organizational skills. Sports Psychologists spend time with professional athletes helping them _________________S8____________________. They do this by improving motivation and concentration or assisting with stress management. Physical Education or PE teachers _______________________S9_______________________. PE teachers help the development of coordination, balance, posture, and flexibility with things like simple catching and throwing skills. They are not expected to be exerts in all sports, __________________________________S10______________________________ _____.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海的) history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (鱼雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,00 0 people - mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. I’ll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave - and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany's Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn't dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn't have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.''The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable - and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they' ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.21. Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history?A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.C) Its victims were mostly women and children.D) It caused the largest number of casualties.22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when ________.A) a strong ice storm tilted the shipB) the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideD) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats23. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked abou。

大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析第一套完整版6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。

大学英语六级试题模拟试卷及答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Travel-mate Wanted. You should write at least 150 word following the outline given below:假设你是李明，假期即将到来，你打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴(Travel-mate)。

拟一个寻游伴的启事，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求等，并说明对方和你一起出游的好处。

Travel-mate WantedPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Is College Really Worth the Money?The Real WorldEste Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree, but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4,000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington, D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved? Nope. At age 24, she takes home about $1,800 a month, $1,200 of which disappears to pay her rent. Add another $180 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math," she says.Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐)her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income," she says.That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith, they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(深重的)student loans and smothering credit card debt—not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal."We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils," says Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity. or go to college and face a life shackled(束缚)bydebt."Tuition HikesFor some time, colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, and rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who—especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations(拨款)fell by 10 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more than 10 percent.One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the pain. A bookkeeper in Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.Collapsing InvestmentsMany families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans—federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear from many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup(补偿)their losses.Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn't have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was then only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least $10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. "There wasn't any way to do it differently," she says, "and I'm not happy about it. I've sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I'll be 35 years old." That's if she's very lucky: Nadine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least $120,000 a year.Dependent on Loans and Credit CardsThe American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, themedian loan debt at public institutions rose from $10,342 to $15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to $23,000 from the federal government).But students aren't stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed $4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from $1.5 billion just five years earlier.For lots of students, the worst of it isn't even the weight of those direct student loans. It's what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That's no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(诱惑)students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school's picture or its logo? For sanctioning such a card—a must-have for some students—a college department or association gets payments from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average $2,327.A Wise Choice?One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O'Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don't count on it, O'Donnell told him. She couldn't afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. "He said he felt like a failure," O'Donnell recalls. "He didn't know how he had gotten into such a mess."A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O'Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his suicide. "Sean tried to pay his debts off," she says. "And he couldn't take it."To be sure, suicides are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don't require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice.Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing $20,000 in student loans and another $7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she'll probably need to start with a more lucrative(有利的)legal job.Like so many other students. Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faiththat she could deal with the consequences. "You say to yourself, 'I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I'll manage.'" Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.1. Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.2. The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.3. One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is that the state support is shrinking.4. Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.5. According to Nadine's calculation, she can pay off all her debt when she is if she can get a salary of $120,000 a year right out of law school.6. Students get money from not only federal loans but also .7. The college department or association can get payments from the issuer if it sanctions credit cards decorated with .8. O'Donnell thinks that the cause of her 22-year-old son's suicide is .9. The author says that foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice because of the 50 highest paying jobs require a four-year college degree except for air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators.10. Merit will have to start with a more lucrative legal job instead of her favorite position—a public-interest attorney because she has to .Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Scientists say they have high hopes for a drug that could one day provide a new form of treatment for HIV-AIDS. A compound, which interferes with an elusive protein used by the HIV virus to infect human cells, has worked extremely well in monkeys. If the drug proves effective in human trials, scientists say, it could bolster(加强)the effectiveness of two existing AIDS drugs, particularly in fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus.Researchers at the pharmaceutical(制药的)company Merck are very excited about an experimental drug, which has worked as well in monkeys infected with a primate version of the virus as any of the existing anti-AIDS drugs.It works by blocking one of three proteins, or enzymes, the HIV virus uses togain entrance into and infect human immune system cells.Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection. They have become standard therapy as a "cocktail" for people infected with HIV.Those enzymes are reverse transcriptase (转录酶)and protease(蛋白酶). The first converts the virus' genetic material into that of its host cells. The second chops up the resulting larger proteins into smaller pieces, producing smaller viral particles that infect new cells.The third prong of cellular attack is a protein called integrase(整合酶), which experts say has been harder to block. Once HIV fools host cells by changing its genetic information so it can enter them, integrase acts like a cut and paste operation in a word processor, deleting an immune cell's genetic material and replacing it with its own.An integrase inhibitor would give doctors a third line of attack against HIV infection, according to virologist Daria Hazuda of the division of Virus and Cell Biology at Merck."This would offer a third class of anti-retroviral medications that can be combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. And since it is a new mechanism of action, these compounds are active against multi-drug resistant variants. So variants that are resistant to all current therapies have been selected in HIV-patients," she said.Current anti-AIDS drugs eventually become resistant to therapy, or stop working, because the virus changes its shape.While researchers are encouraged by the success with the compound's effectiveness in monkey trials, developing a drug that is equally effective in humans can be difficult.Steven Young is executive director of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Merck. He says, if scientists find a compound that is equally effective in people, the company would ask U.S. regulators to speed approval of the drug."Yeah, I really think that's what we're hoping for," he said. "I mean, we need to get data that show it has robust anti-viral effects in people. And if we're able to get that data, I think we would petition for fast track status."Dr. Young says an integrase inhibitor has the potential to prevent drug resistance."To ensure our best chance of preventing resistance, we would give this as part of a cocktail therapy," he added. "And I think it's really our plan that we would test this with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well."47. If the drug proves effective in human trials, it could enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.48. What has become standard cocktail therapy?49. While integrase deletes an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.50. Why would anti-AIDS drugs stop working?51. According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they would petition for fast track status.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards haverisen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.52. The first paragraph is intended to ________.[A] suggest that self-medication has a long history[B] define what diagnosis means exactly[C] praise doctors for their expertise[D] tell the symptoms from the causes53. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ________.[A] they often watch ads on TV[B] they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised[C] they generally lead a sedentary life[D] they don't take to sports and easily catch colds54. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.[A] those good things are not without side effects[B] why clever advertising is so powerful[C] why in modern times self-medication is still practised[D] why people develop faulty ways of life55. The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.[A] the reasons for keeping medicines at home[B] people's doubt about taking drugs[C] what kind of medicine people should prepare at home[D] the possible harms self-medication may do to people56. The best title for the passage would be ________.[A] Medical Practice [B] Clever Advertising[C] Self-Medication [D] Self-TreatmentPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The age of gilded youth is over. Today's under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britain's population is affecting different generations.Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology(老人学)at King's College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations."Today's older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners," she said. "They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings to care for them."The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today's under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house.Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of ￡13,000. She now earns about ￡20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets(转租)the lunge sofa-bed to her brother."My father took pity and paid off my student debts," she said. "But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years—and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man."Tinker's research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.57. By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line 2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.[A] currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generation[B] traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generation[C] with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generation[D] with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed58. Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?[A] Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but younger generation will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings for the care of them.[B] Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.[C] Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.[D] Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.59. Which factor pushed up house prices?[A] Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.[B] Many young men need to rent more houses.[C] It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generation.[D] The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.60. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?[A] By taking photographs for magazines.[B] By marring a rich man.[C] By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.[D] By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.61. We can conclude from the passage that ________.[A] today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britain[B] Laura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in Britain[C] Life can get harder for under-thirties in Britain[D] elders enjoy extremely high living standards in BritainPart V Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. theMore people than ever are drinking coffee thesedays—but in small quantities than they used to. Some 62. ________manufactures of coffee makers are trying to make 63. ________advantage of this trend by developing diminutivemachines that brew(煮)smaller amounts of coffee.Two U.S. appliance companies—Black &Decker,basing in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of 64. ________Columbia, Missouri—has recently introduced "drip" 65. ________coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings ofcoffee. Neither of the products brew the coffee 66. ________directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for aseparate carafe. Since many people make a pot ofcoffee in the morning and drink only a single cup, the 67. ________new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee.Black &Decker's Cup-at-a-Time spends $27, while 68. ________Toastmaster's Coffee Break retails for $20.Black &Decker also makes a coffee makerdrips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal 69. ________carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposedto keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product,called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes witha built-in lid that opens during the brewing process,closes when it is completed. There are several models, 70. ________including one that fits under the counter, rangingfrom $60 to $110 at price. 71. ________Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.72. The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).73. The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise ________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的).74. The visitors planned to ________________(花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).75. Life is too short ________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).76. He told the story in such minute detail ________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样).答案解析Part I WritingTravel-mate WantedI'm a l9-year-old female sophomore named Li Ming. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three week touring trip with me.My plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot.After a 3-day visit there, we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Yangtze River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Sha nghai is one of the busiest and fastest developing cities in China. I’d like to have a good tour in Shanghai, so the stay there will be about half a week.A famous Chinese saying goes, "Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth", so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is a must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.I only expect that my travel-mate could bear her own expenses and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.Thoseinterestedpleasecontactmeeitherthroughemail(**************)or phone call (12345678).Part II Reading Comprehension ( Skimming and Scanning)1. Y 根据题干中的信息词Griffith和Washington D.C. 定位到第一个小标题下的第三段，再结合上一段内容可知，Griffith想去工会工作，但其薪水无法支付她欠下的学生贷款和信用卡债务，因此她转而去一家经济发展公司工作，故该句表述正确。

大学英语六级模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.1. News Report One- What is the main topic of the news report?A) A new policy on environmental protection.B) The opening of a new museum.C) A breakthrough in medical research.D) The launch of a new space mission.- Why is the event significant?A) It marks a milestone in space exploration.B) It could lead to new treatments for a disease.C) It has been a long-awaited event for the community.D) It is the first of its kind in the country.2. News Report Two- What is the reaction of the public to the news?A) There is widespread support for the decision.B) The public is divided on the issue.C) There has been a strong protest against it.D) The news has been met with indifference.- What is the subject of the news report?A) A political election.B) An economic summit.C) A social reform.D) A scientific discovery.3. News Report Three- What is the main purpose of the event described?A) To raise awareness about a global issue.B) To celebrate an anniversary.C) To promote a new product.D) To commemorate a historical event.- How is the event being covered by the media?A) Through live broadcasts.B) With in-depth analysis.C) By featuring interviews with key figures.D) With a focus on the public's response.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which one isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation One- What is the relationship between the two speakers?A) Friends discussing their weekend plans.B) Colleagues discussing a work project.C) A teacher and a student discussing an assignment.D) Family members discussing a family event.- Why does the man suggest going to the park?A) To have a picnic.B) To see a new art installation.C) To play sports.D) To relax and enjoy the weather.Conversation Two- What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A) She thinks it is too restrictive.B) She is unsure about its effectiveness.C) She supports it wholeheartedly.D) She is concerned about its long-term impact.- What does the man propose as a solution to the problem?A) To hold a public debate.B) To conduct further research.C) To implement the policy on a trial basis.D) To consult with experts in the field.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions. Listen to each passage only once, and after each question, read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which one is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One- What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in maintaining health.- According to the passage, which of the following is a key factor in a healthy lifestyle?A) Eating organic food.B) Having a strict workout routine.C) Limiting screen time.D) Getting enough sleep.Passage Two- What is the purpose of the passage?A) To describe a historical event.B) To discuss the impact of globalization.C) To analyze a cultural phenomenon.D) To present a scientific theory.- What does the author suggest about the topic?A) It has both positive and negative effects.B) It is a controversial issue.C) It is a complex issue requiring further study.D)。

英语六级新题型选词填空模拟题一Two astronauts face a not-so-merry Christmas after being told to ration their food and hope a cargo ship with extra supplies docks on Dec. 21. Russian cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov and American Leroy Chiao have been asked to cut out calories equal to three cans of Coke from their daily diet—around 10 percent of their daily 1 and an amount that would be little noticed, NASA said.Russian officials, quoted in the local media, have 2 blamed the previous crew for overeating during their one-month mission earlier this year, leaving a 3 of meat and milk and a surplus of juice and confectionery (糖果).The Dec. 24 launch of the next Progress is now 4 for the crew, stationed in orbit since October. It is due to 5 with the ISS on Dec. 21.NASA officials said their situation was not so different from being cut off on Earth, and their lives were not at risk. If they do not receive 6 supplies, the astronauts would have to 7 the station and return to Earth on the Soyuz capsule that is docked there.Russia has been the sole lifeline to the ISS for almost two years when the United States grounded its 8 fleet after the fatal Columbia accident.Russia has often 9 of its financial struggle to keep the ISS fully servicedsingle-handedly. Shuttle flights could 10 in May, officials have said, but in the meantime Russia will continue to launch all manned and cargo ships.A) deficit I) adequateB) complained J) dockC) severely K) resumeD) allowance L) vitalE) considerately M) trivialF) shuttle N) evaluateG) evacuate O) freshH) absently文章精要文章讲述了国际空间站上宇航员所面临的困难，尤其是食物短缺的问题。

2013年12月英语六级新题型模拟题（一）Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section C(复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。

)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.播放听力音频：Teenagers will be told to “stand up for their elders” on public transport—or risk losing their right to free travel. London Mayor Boris Johnson will 26__________ plans today to make youngsters sign a “ 27__________ pledge ” to promise to behave in a28__________ manner when travelling in the capital.The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly,29__________ and disabled; refrain from using 30__________ or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff.Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a rude manner, will have their free travel passes 31__________ .The plan—a key part of Mr. Johnson‟s re-election bid—will initially affect the 400,000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Conservative sources believe the idea could be used across the country.A Conservative insider said, “The initiative 32__________ the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and 33__________ around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone. ”Speaking before today‟s launch, Mr. Johnson said he 34__________ tackle theanti-social behavior of a “minority of youngsters” on public transport.“When I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to,” he said. “Youngste rs enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. ” Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back.Teenagers who are found 35__________ violating the new behavior code will lose their travel passes. They will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

英语六级模拟试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1.A)It was a bit disappointing.B)It was more than she expected.C)It was quite successful.D)It was rather boring.答案：C2.A)The woman is a good driver.B)The woman is a careful driver.C)The woman is a reckless driver.D)The woman is a slow driver.答案：B3.A)He is not interested in the job.B)He is not qualified for the job.C)He is not sure about the job.D)He is not available for the job.答案：C4.A)The man is a teacher.B)The man is a student.C)The man is a parent.D)The man is a counselor.答案：A5.A)The woman is worried about her health.B)The woman is worried about her appearance.C)The woman is worried about her job.D)The woman is worried about her finances.答案：B二、阅读理解（共40分）1.What is the main idea of the passage?A)The importance of physical exercise. B)The benefits of a balanced diet.C)The impact of stress on health.D)The role of sleep in maintaining health.答案：C2.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT a cause of stress?A)Work pressure.B)Financial problems.C)Lack of sleep.D)Regular exercise.答案：D3.What does the author suggest as a way to reduce stress?A)Taking a vacation.B)Engaging in social activities.C)Practicing relaxation techniques.D)Avoiding caffeine and sugar.答案：C4.What is the author's opinion about stress management?A)It is essential for everyone.B)It is only necessary for certain people.C)It is not very effective.D)It is not a priority for most people.答案：A5.What is the purpose of the passage?A)To inform.B)To persuade.C)To entertain.D)To describe.答案：B三、词汇与结构（共20分）1.The company has made a________decision to invest in new technology.A)radical B)rational C)random D)redundant答案：B2.Despite the heavy rain,the game________.A)went off B)went out C)went on D)went over答案：C3.The professor's lecture was________to the students.A)accessible B)acceptableC)accessible D)unacceptable答案：A4.The new policy will________a significant impact on the environment.A)have B)hold C)take D)make答案：A5.She________the opportunity to study abroad,but she had to take care of her sick mother.A)missed B)turned down C)gave up D)let go答案：C四、翻译（共10分）1.随着经济的发展，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。

大学英语六级考试真题模拟及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】When it comes to interpersonal relationships, it is important to show mutual understanding and respect.It is apparent that mutual understanding and respect are crucial. Hardly can any one achieve success in his career without this. When we are in the workplace, mutual understanding and respect also should be emphasized.For example, you may have a different perspective on how a task will proceed with your college, if you understand that it is natural that people could have different perspectives because of diverse upbringing and education, quarrels could be avoided and a solution might be found. Also,if you respect one another at work, automatically you will be able to earn respect in return. And one of the biggest benefits of respecting one another in workplace is that you begin to improve relationships and a friendly and productive working environment can be created.On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that mutual understanding and respect really count in this competitive society. Hence ,we should learn to respect people around us.【参考范文译文】相互理解与尊重在人际关系中起着非常重要的作用。

大学英语六级模拟卷一Part I WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay by commenting on the remark “Heaven never helps the man who will not act.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection AConversation One Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A. Summer-vacation internship program. C. Potential risks of working part-time.B. Employment opportunities provided by schools. D. The importance of a clear and explicit contract.2. A. They are responsible for carrying students to the company.B. They are trying to make students have a strong sense of security.C. They should have everything concerning their students’ rights in hand.D. They ought to gain a reputation for providing good job opportunity.3. A. Students are unwilling to work overtime and report to schools.B. Schools refuse to sign contracts with them because of the strict rules.C. Schools don’t get a permit to organize part-time work for students.D. Training and insurance is a huge investment due to limited work time.4. A. Students find it hard to protect their rights.B. Students can complain to local education authorities.C. Companies act according to the agreement they signed.D. Schools accept unfair contracts regardless of students’ rights.Conversation Two Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A. A university tutor. C. An overseas study officer.B. An insurance adviser. D. A visa officer.6. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B. It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C. It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D. It will provide doctors from your home country.7. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B. It does not cover the catastrophic medical expenses.C. It only recommends doctors who speak your native language.D. It features personal paying first and compensation later.8. A. Consult other insurance companies.B. Buy the student health insurance.C. Get the international travel insurance.D. Choose neither insurance since they are not necessary.Section BPassage One Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A. By borrowing money from the government.B. By loaning from the bank and the private agency.C. By getting scholarship and interest-free loan from the government.D. By borrowing from parents and engaging in part-time jobs.10. A. They doubt whether it could change the current situation.B. They are glad to have it in order to ensure fairer university funding.C. They are worried that it would make students’ burden heavier.D. They want to make sure the tuition fees would not go higher.11. A. Offering one-year degrees. C. Financing students living at home.B. Providing flexible, part-time courses. D. Cutting teaching grants.12. A. The hard economy and fierce competition in the job market.B. The high unemployment rate even for graduates.C. The fact that more people are applying for further education.D. The higher fees coming with the new scheme.Passage Two Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A. It makes buying easier since one needn’t carry large amounts of cash.B. It is useful in times of emergencies like medical bills caused by accidents.C. It helps build a credit record for bigger purchases in later years.D. It offers additional protection if something one has bought is lost or damaged.14. A. A debit card that has a credit limit. C. A credit card with lower interest rate.B. A checking account. D. A card with lower penalties.15. A. Write and send application forms to the bank.B. Check the bank account to make sure the credit limit.C. Read the agreement terms carefully and make a comparison.D. Search the Internet for advice from users of different cards.Section CNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A. They show us how to make achievable resolutions.B. They tell us to try different resolutions every year.C. They introduce resolutions made by different people.D. They focus on the necessity of making resolutions.17. A. About trying. B. About choosing. C. About enjoying. D. About learning.18. A. To know more about ourselves. C. To make sure it is our ideal life.B. To improve ourselves in future. D. To make up for some mistakes.19. A. Try something challenging. C. Make some different plans.B. Rebuild your dreams. D. Do something you are able to handle.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A. He is afraid of making mistakes. C. He has been a teacher in official schools.B. He tries hard to solve difficult problems. D. He is proud of his MBA degree.21. A. Ask others for help. C. Spend little time on them.B. Enhance our own abilities. D. Pay more attention to them.22. A. Problem-solving skills. C. Negotiating skills.B. Communicating skills. D. Coordinating skills.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A. Capital can promote passion. C. Passion is as important as capital.B. Capital is the base of passion. D. Passion can bring capital.24. A. There will be both advantages and disadvantages.B. We will improve our relationship with family and friends.C. We may have some disagreement with them.D. They will help us more than other people.25. A. Whether to change another area of business.B. Who to cooperate with in new business opportunity.C. When to hand business to our offspring or other family.D. How to make our business go on after you retire.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.In dogs left and right signal different things. 26 , it is in the way they wag (摇) their tails. And for dogs, like people, it is the left-hand side that is sinister (凶兆的).A few years ago Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trento and his colleague established that dogs wag their tail to the right when they see something pleasant, such as a beloved human master, and to the left when they see something unpleasant, such as an unfamiliar dominant dog. What Dr. Vallortigara did not establish then was whether such signals are 27 to other dogs. Now, he and the team have done just that.As they reported in Current Biology, they wired up several dozen dogs and then showed them videos of dogs with tails wagging to left or right. A left-wagging tail, they found, 28 a higher maximum heart rate than a right-wagging tail. A right-wagging tail, indeed, produced the same results as one that was stationary.Dr. Vallortigara and his colleagues also observed the animals during the experiment, 29 behaviors such as ear-flattening, head-lowering and whining (哀叫) that are 30 with stress. They found that stressed behaviors were more common in the 31 of left-wagging than right-wagging.All this suggests lateral specialization in dogs’ brains. The nervous signals for left-wagging and right-wagging 32 in different hemispheres. That they are 33 by different emotions shows that the two halves of a dog brain work, in this 34 at least, differently.Human brains are similarly lateralized. Handedness is one example. Another is language, a function predominantly of the left hemisphere. Whether it is just a 35 that dogs and people agree about which side is sinister, or whether there is something deeper going on, remains to be determined.Section BDoes the Internet Make You DumberA.The Roman philosopher Seneca may have put it best 2 000 years ago: ―To be everywhere is to be nowhere.‖Today, the Internet grants us easy access to unprecedented amounts of information. But a growing body of scientific evidence suggests that the Net, with its constant distractions and interruptions, is also turning us into disrupted and superficial thinkers.B.The picture emerging from the research is deeply troubling, at least to anyone who values the depth, rather thanjust the speed, of human thought. People who read text studded with links, the studies show, comprehend less than those who read traditional linear text. People who watch busy multimedia presentations remember less than those who take in information in a more sedate (镇定的) and focused manner. People who are continually distracted by e-mails, updates and other messages understand less than those who are able to concentrate. And people who juggle (同时应付) many tasks are often less creative and less productive than those who do one thing at a time.C.The common thread in these disabilities is dispersing our attention. The richness of our thoughts, our memoriesand even our personalities hinges on our ability to focus the mind and sustain concentration. Only when we pay close attention to a new piece of information are we able to associate it ―meaningfully and systematically withknowledge already well established in memory,‖ writes the Nobel prize-winning neuroscientist (神经科学家) Eric Kandel. Such associations are essential to mastering complex concepts.D.When we’re constantly distracted and interrupted, as we tend to be online, our brains are unable to generalizethe strong and expansive neural connections that give depth and distinctiveness to our contemplating. We become mere signal-processing units, quickly shepherding disjointed bits of information into and then out of short-term memory.E.In an article published in Science last year, Patricia Greenfield, a leading developmental psychologist, revieweddozens of studies on how different media technologies influence our cognitive abilities. Some of the studies indicated that certain computer tasks, such as playing video games, can enhance ―visual literacy skills‖, increasing the speed at which people can shift their focus among icons and other images on screens. Other studies, however, found that such rapid shifts in focus, even if performed adeptly, result in less rigorous and ―more automatic‖ thinking.F.In one experiment conducted at Cornell University, for example, half a class of students was allowed to useinternet-connected laptops during a lecture, while the other had to keep their computers shut. Those who browsed the web performed much worse on a subsequent test of how well they retai ned the lecture’s content.While it’s hardly surprising that Web surfing would distract students, it should be a note of caution to schools that are wiring their classrooms in hopes of improving learning.G.Ms. Greenfield concluded that ―every medium develops some cognitive skills at the expense of others‖. Ourgrowing use of screen-based media, she said, has strengthened visual-spatial intelligence, which can improve the ability to do jobs that involve keeping track of lots of simultaneous signals, like air traffic control. But that has been accompanied by ―new weaknesses in higher-order cognitive processes‖, including ―abstract vocabulary, mindfulness, reflection, inductive problem solving, critical thinking, and imagination‖. We’re becoming, in a word, shallower.H.In another experiment, recently conducted at Stanford University’s Communication between Humans andInteractive Media Lab, a team of researchers gave various cognitive tests to 49 people who do a lot of media multitasking and 52 people who multitask much less frequently. The heavy multitaskers performed poorly on all the tests. They were more easily distracted, had less control over their attention, and were much less able to distinguish important information from trivial.I.The researchers were surprised by the results. They had expected that the intensive multitaskers would havegained some mental advantages from all their on-screen juggling. But that wasn’t the case. In fact, the heavy mul titaskers weren’t even good at multitasking. ―Everything distracts them,‖ said Clifford Nass, the professor who heads the Stanford lab.J.It would be one thing if the ill effects went away as soon as we turned off our computers and mobiles. But they don't. The cellular structure of the human brain, scientists have discovered, adapts readily to the tools we use to find, store and share information. By changing our habits of mind, each new technology strengthens certain neural pathways and weakens others. The cellular alterations continue to shape the way we think even when we’re not using the technology.K.The pioneering neuroscientist Michael Merzenich believes our brains are being ―massively remodelled‖ by our ever-intensifying use of the web and related media. In the 1970s and 1980s, Merzenich, now a professor emeritus(荣誉退休教授) at the University of California in San Francisco, conducted a famous series of experiments on primate brains that revealed how extensively and quickly neural circuits change in response to experience. When, for example, Mr. Merzenich rearranged the nerve in a monkey’s hand, the nerve cells in the animal’s sensory cortex quickly reorganized themselves to create a new ―mental map‖of the hand. In a conversation late last year, he said that he was profoundly worried about the cognitive consequences of the constant distractions and interruptions the internet bombards us with. The long-term effect on the quality of our intellectual lives, he said, could be ―deadly‖.L.What we seem to be sacrificing in all our surfing and searching is our capacity to engage in the quieter, attentive modes of thought that underpin contemplation, reflection and introspection. The Web never encourages us to slow down. It keeps us in a state of perpetual mental locomotion. it is revealing, and distressing, to compare the cognitive effects of the Internet with those of an earlier information technology, the printed book. whereas the Internet scatters our attention, the book focuses it. Unlike the screen, the page promotes contemplativenss.M.Reading a long sequence of pages helps us develop a rare kind of mental discipline. the innate bias of the human brain, after all, is to be distracted. Our predisposition is to be aware of as much of what’s going on around us as possible. Our fast-paced, reflexive shifts in focus were once crucial to our survival. They reduced the odds that a predator would take us by surprise or that we’d overlook a nearby source of food.N.To read a book is to practice an unnatural process of thought. It requires us to place ourselves at what T. S. Eliot, in his poem ―Four Quartets‖, called ―the still point of the turning world‖. We have to forge or strengthen the neural links needed to counter our instinctive distractedness, thereby gaining greater control over our attention and our mind.O.It is this control, this mental discipline, which we are at risk of losing as we spend ever more time scanning and skimming online. If the slow progression of words across printed pages damped our craving to be inundated by mental stimulation, the Internet indulges it. It returns us to our native state of distractedness, while presenting us with far more distractions than our ancestors ever had to contend with. –Nicholas Carr is the author, most recently, of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains.36. Rapid shifts in focus on screens result in more automatic but less strict thinking.37. People grasp less of text filled with hyperlinks than of traditional text.38. According to Ms. Greenfield, growing use of screen-based media has improved our visual-spatial intelligence.39. The richness of our memories relies on our ability to concentrate.40. Unprecedented amounts of information can make our thoughts scattered and superficial.41. When we turn off our computers and cellphones, the ill effects will not disappear.42. When we are online, our brains cannot form distinctive and profound thinking.43. Whereas the Internet distracts our attention, the book concentrates it.44. Web surfing would distract students rather than improve their learning.45. According to the experiment at Stanford University, multitaskers’ attention was easily scattered.Section CPassage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.There are too many camels in the Bible, out of time and out of place. Camels probably had little or no role in the lives of some early Jewish patriarchs who lived in the first half of the second millennium BC, and yet stories about them mention these domesticated pack animals more than 20 times. these anachronisms(年代错误) are telling evidence that the Bible was written or edited long after the events in narrates and is not always reliable as verifiable history. These camel stories ―do not tell memories from the second millennium,‖ said Noam Mizrahi, an Israeli biblical scholar, ―but should be viewed as speculations from a much later period.‖Four two archaeologists at Tel Aviv University, the anachronisms were motivation to dig for camel bones at an ancient copper smelting camp in the Aravah Valley in Israel. They sought evidence of when domesticated camels were first introduced into the land of Israel and the surrounding region. The archaeologists, Erez Ben-Yosef and Lidar Sapir-Hen, used radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating to pinpoint the earliest know domesticated camels in Israel to the last third decades of the 10th century BC—centuries after the patriarchs lived and decades after the kingdom of David, according to the Bible. Some bones in deeper sediments(沉积物), they said, probably belonged to wild camels that people hunted for their meat. Dr. Sapir-Hen could identify a domesticated animal by signs in leg bonesthat it had carried heavy loads.―The introduction of the camel to our region was a very important economic and social development,‖Dr. Ben-Yosef said in a telephone interview. ―The camel enabled long-distance trade for the first time, all the way to India, and perfume trade with Arabia. It’s unlikely that mules and donkeys could have traveled across the distance from one desert oasis to the next.‖Dr. Mizrahi, a professor of Hebrew culture studies at Tel Aviv University who was not directly involved in the research, said that by the seventh century BC camels had become widely employed in trade and travel in Israel and through the Middle East, from Africa as far as India. The camel’s influence on biblical research was profound, if confusing, for that happened to be the time that the patriarchal stories were committed to writing and eventually become part of the Hebrew Bible.―One should be careful not to rush to the conclusion that the new archaeological findings automatically deny any historical value from the biblical stories,‖ Dr. Mizrahi said in an e-mail. ―Rather, they established that these traditions were indeed reformulated in relatively late periods after camels had been integrated into the Near Eastern economic system. But this does not mean that these very traditions cannot capture other details that have an older historical background.‖46. What can we learn from the anachronisms about ancient camels in the Bible?A. The Bible accurately depicts early Jewish patriarchs’ lives.B. Camels were just early Jewish patriarchs’ imagination.C. The Bible cannot always be regarded as reliable history.D. Camels were used as pack animals by Jewish patriarchs.47. What is the reliable evidence to distinguish the remains of wild camels from that of domesticated ones?A. The radiocarbon dating. C. The camels’ capacity of bearing load.B. The burial depth of sediments. D. Trace on the camels’ leg bones.48. What might be an obstacle for the development of ancient Israelites?A. Lack of pack animals. C. Risks in the perfume trade.B. Nearly impassable desert. D. The complicated traveling route.49. Why did people add many camel stories to the Hebrew Bible、A. Camels made great contributions to people’s lives at that time.B. People at that time wanted to confuse the later readers.C. The Hebrews hoped to boost the long-distance trade through camels.D. Writers of the Bible wanted transfer their love of camels to later generations.50. What did Dr. Mizrahi think of the Bible?A. The Bible is the history of the domesticated camels.B. Some people tamper with the Bible.C. Some other details in the Bible are also worth studying.D. The Bible doesn’t have any research value.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Is your doctor telling you the truth? Possibly not, according to a new survey in Health Affairs of nearly 1,900 physicians around the country.The researchers found that 55% of doctors said that in the last year they had been more positive about a patient’s prognosis (预断) than his medical history warranted. And 10% said they had told patients something that wasn’t true.About a third of the M.D. s said they did not completely agree that they should disclose medical errors to patients, and 40% said they didn’t feel the need to disclose financial ties to drug or device companies.Really? The study’s lead author, Dr. Lisa Iezzoni, a medicine professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Mongan Institute for Health Policy at Massachusetts General Hospital, was surprised to learn how dishonest her colleagues were. ―Some of the numbers were larger than i expected they might be,‖ she says.Why the white lies? In some cases, Iezzoni says it was self-protection. Nearly 20% of the doctors admitted that they didn’t disclose a medical error to their patients because they were afraid of being sued for malpractice.In other cases, it may have been for the patient’s benefit. M. D. s might spare an anxious patient from hearing about the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, for example, if it has no impact on the patient’s health. Conversely (相反地), the doctor might exaggerate a health result in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself.―The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction, and physicians are human too,‖ says Iezzoni. ―They don’t want to upset their patients, they don’t want their patients to look unhappy or burst into tears. But they also need to be professionals, so they need to tell themselves that if there is a difficult truth they need to tell their patient, they need to figure out a way of communicating that effectively.‖That’s critical for doctors to appreciate, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, other studies consistently show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear harsh news than remain ignorant about a terrible medical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope and prepare for whatever might occur.As for the failure to disclose medical errors, Iezzoni says doctors’fear of malpractice suits may often be misplaced. Studies suggest that in cases where physicians are open about their mistakes, patients are more likely to be understanding and refrain from suing.So how can doctors learn to be more honest with their patients? More training about how to communicate with people about their health is critical—especially when it comes to delivering bad news. Patients also need to be clear and firm about how honest they want their doctors to be. Communication is a two-way street, after all, even in the doctor’s office.51. According to the new survey in Health Affairs, about two fifths of the doctors ___________.A. were more positive on predicting the patients’ diseaseB. admitted to telling lies to their patientsC. were unwilling to reveal malpractice to patientsD. felt it unnecessary to reveal the economic relation with drug companies52. According to the passage, the doctors tell the white lies because they _______________.A. want to protect themselves C. are ignorant about the patients’ situationB. want to keep the patients nervous D. want the patients to spend more money53. What is the result of other studies on patients’ attitude towards truth?A. They want to know the truth instead of lies.B. They prefer those lies which intend to be kind.C. They would rather remain uninformed about bad news.D. They feel it unimportant whether to tell the truth or not.54. Studies show if the doctors disclose their medical errors, patients might possibly ___________.A. lose confidence in them C. become worriedB. understand them D. accuse them of malpractice55. What’s the main topic of the passage？A. The honesty of your doctor. C. The training in communication.B. The doctor-patient relationship. D. The reasons for telling white lies.Part IV Translation天宫一号目标飞行器(Tiangong-1 target spacecraft)于2011年9月29日发射，是中国第一个目标飞行器和空间实验室。