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ELECTRICAL SAFETY1.1. Hazards. Electrical cord abuse is the most often single cause for electric shock to workers in the field. Excessive scraping, kinking, stretching, and exposure to grease and oils will damage power cables and cause premature failure and possible shock or burns. Electrical installations and equipment present the potential for shock or electrocution from contact with energized systems. Fire can be caused by short circuits, over-heated equipment, or failure of current limiters, thermal sensors, and other devices. Explosions may occur when flammable liquids, gases, or dusts are exposed to ignition sources generated by electrical equipment.1.2. Electrical Installation and Equipment. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70, The National Electrical Code (NEC), are the source documents for electrical installations and equipment and shall be complied with.1.3. Receptacles. Electrical receptacles and cover plates will be free of cracks and securely mounted. Receptacles located in damp or wet locations will be protected by ground fault circuit interrupter(s) (GFCI) and meet requirements of the NEC.1.3.1. Multiple plug adapters will not be used solely as wiring to provide additional or more convenient outlets.8.3.2. Arc-fault Circuit Interrupters. Arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCI) shall be installed to protect all new installed, extended or modified branch circuits that supply 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets in dwelling unit bedrooms after 01 January 2002 (NEC). 1.4. Plugs. Attachment plugs will be of dead front construction. When in use, plugs will be inserted fully so no part of the prongs is exposed. The third and (or) grounding prong is a safety feature and shall be checked frequently by supervisors for security, especially on items that are unplugged frequently. The prong will not be cut off, nor will an adapter be used to allow a three-prong plug to fit a two-prong receptacle, since this negates the third wire grounding protection. This paragraph does not apply to double insulated equipment or equipment such as clocks, radios, can openers, etc., which are not normally manufactured with a grounding plug. Plugs, whether molded or clamped, shall be firmly attached to the cord to prevent pulling against wire connection points. Clamps will be nonmetallic. Also refer to paragraph 8.5.5.1.5. Flexible Cords and Extension Cords. Electrical cords shall not be subjected to electrical currents or voltages greater than their rated capacity.1.5.1. Electrical extension cords will not be used as a substitute for fixed wiring. Do not run them through holes in walls, ceilings, floors, doorways, windows, or similar openings. Do not run extension cords where concealed behind walls, dropped ceilings, or floors. Do not tape, staple, or tack extension cords to building surfaces. Extension cords shall not be spliced, coiled, or placed where they may be damaged or create a hazard. Cords will not be walked on nor will equipment be allowed to run over them. If cords must be placed in travel lanes, they will be protected by molded housings or bridges. Cords will not be kinked, stretched, or bent excessively. Practices of this nature will damage internal wire strands.1.5.2. Extension cords have been responsible for numerous fires and their use will be held to an absolute minimum. If used, they will have a single connection.1.5.3. Equipment connected by flexible extension cords will be grounded either by a three-wire cord or by a separate ground wire (except double-insulated equipment). A grommet, stress relief device, or some means of clamping approved by the NEC will be installed where cords passthrough equipment housings to prevent abrasion of the cord insulation. The means used will hold the cord firmly so there is no pull or strain put on the cords internal wiring.1.5.4. Cords used with heating appliances, such as electric irons, will be covered with flame-proof insulating material.1.5.5. Extension cords used with portable tools and equipment will be designed with three-prong plugs. Two-wire extension cords are prohibited. EXCEPTIONS: Double insulated tools and low amp devices, such as wall clocks, pencil sharpeners, tape recorders, etchers, lamps, etc., may be used with a two-prong plug. The minimum amperage rating of the extension cord will be at least equal to, but not less than, the amperage rating of the item being powered from the cord. Plugs and sockets will be designed according to the NEC.1.5.6. Cords will be inspected frequently by the user for signs or fraying, cracking, wearing, or any damage that could indicate a possible short-circuiting. Cords will be of the proper size and (or) rating for equipment it services. Defective cords will be taken out of service.1.5.7. When possible, electrical power cords used with equipment will be suspended from overhead in rigid raceways.1.5.8. Equipment connected by an extension cord will be disconnected when not in use and at the end of the work shift.1.5.9. When disconnecting cords, the plug will be pulled on rather than the cord, to avoid damaging connections.1.5.10. Electrical wiring or conduits will not be used as hangers for clothing or supports of any nature.1.6. Disconnecting Means, (Circuit Breakers and Disconnect Switches). Unless their purpose is evident circuit breakers and fuse boxes will be legibly marked to indicate their purpose. Proper identification needs to be specific. For example, the marking should not merely indicate "motor," but rather "motor, water pump"; not merely "lights," but rather "lights, front lobby." Facility Maintenance will plainly mark all electrical fuse, switch, and circuit-breaker boxes with correct voltage, current, wattage, or other ratings as appropriate.1.6.1. Circuit breakers and disconnect switches shall clearly indicate whether they are in the open (off) or closed (on) position.1.6.2. Circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and fuses shall be readily accessible to each authorized building management personnel. They will not be located where they will be exposed to physical damage or in the vicinity of easily ignitable material.1.6.3. Circuit breakers shall not be taped in the “on” position. Breakers that frequently trip are an indicator of possible electrical problems and shall be promptly reported and corrected.1.6.4. Workers will not substitute larger fuses or breakers or use bypass wires.1.7. Guarding of Live Parts. Electrical outlets, switches, junction boxes, etc., will have cover plates securely installed. Cover plates shall be free of cracks or other defects that could cause them to be ineffective. All unused openings (knock out plugs) in switch housings, junction boxes, etc., shall be securely covered. Rigid conduits will be securely attached to the box and flexible conduits shall be firmly secured by a clamping device where the conduit enters the box.1.8. Equipment Grounding:1.8.1. Frames of electrical motors, regardless of voltage, shall be grounded. All covers will be securely fastened. Motor data plates will be legible and will not be painted over.1.8.2. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of fixed equipment that may become energized under abnormal conditions shall be grounded.1.9. Restrictions. While working on or around live electrical equipment garments with exposed metallic fasteners will not be worn, nor will flammable articles such as celluloid cap visors be worn. Articles such as jewelry, earrings, rings, hair fasteners, bracelets, or key chains will also beremoved and metal framed eyeglasses will be secured by a band or cord to prevent them from falling into energized electrical circuits.1.10. Electrical Installations and Equipment:1.10.1. Facility Maintenance, EH&S and Supervisors will ensure work areas are inspected for possible electrical hazards. Sufficient workspace shall be provided and maintained around electric equipment (30 inches) to permit safe operation and maintenance of such equipment. Only qualified operators will be allowed to operate the equipment.1.10.2. Wires will be covered wherever they are joined by wire nuts or other approved methods(e.g., outlets, switches, and junction boxes).1.10.3. Parts of electrical equipment which in ordinary operation produce arcs, sparks, etc., will not be operated or used in explosive atmospheres or in close proximity to combustible materials.1.10.4. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) will be used on all 125-volt, single-phase, 15-, 20-, and 30-ampere receptacle outlets at job sites when the receptacles are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure. Receptacles on a two-wire, single-phase portable or vehicle-mounted generator rated not more than 5 kilowatts (kW), where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounded surfaces, shall be permitted without GFCI protection.1.10.4.1. GFCI protection shall be provided for all electrical receptacles (125 volt, single phase, 15 or 20 ampere) in bathrooms. GFCI protection shall be provided for those electrical receptacles (125 volt, single phase, 15 or 20 ampere) that serve countertop surfaces in kitchens (NEC).1.10.4.2. When GFCI protection is required for large areas, the GFCI breaker should be located in the circuit panel.1.10.4.3. Receptacles located within 6 ft of a wet bar sink are required to be GFCI protected.1.10.5. In locations requiring the use of special tools (e.g., non-sparking), only tools certified for use in those areas will be used.1.10.6. Electrical Repairs. Qualified workers may perform repairs on equipment that has been deenergized and Locked Out and Tagged Out (LOTO) utilizing FM Global’s LOTO or comparable LOTO devices. In some circumstances, shop technicians may work on low voltage control, power, and lighting circuits while energized for the purpose of testing, calibrating, troubleshooting, making minor repairs, and replacement of fuses and circuit breakers. If the voltage exceeds 300 volts, ensure a safety observer is present. Perform these tasks only when authorized by applicable manufacturer’s guides or manual s, or other approved procedures and directives. In all other cases where repairs to energized circuits or equipment are required, the work will be accomplished by qualified electricians. Install electrical equipment according to the guidance contained in the NEC.1.10.6.1. Ensure a means for making machines inoperative is provided before maintenance is performed or adjustments (or cleaning) are made to moving parts. Use one or more of the following means:1.10.6.2. Unplug the power cord when equipment is connected by plug and cord;1.10.6.3. Lock the power source, circuit breaker, or start switch in the off position when equipment is wired to a direct power source. NOTE: If existing equipment, circuit breakers, or power sources cannot be locked in the off position, place danger signs or tags on the disconnecting means warning that maintenance is in progress and the disconnecting means is not to be turned on.1.10.6.4. Ensure the safety observer is trained in CPR and equipment shut-down procedures or who is responsible for administering immediate assistance to a technician in the event of an emergency (the safety observer may be the supervisor).1.10.7. When equipment is replaced or if a renovation project is planned, make provisions to comply with the lockout requirements. NOTE: Construction & planning Section along withEH&S Department should include provisions for complying with the lockout requirements on all new construction projects/plans.1.11. Additional Electrical Equipment Requirements:1.11.1. Close rack doors at all times except as necessary to accomplish authorized repairs.1.11.2. Operators will open and close all equipment switches quickly and positively. Ensure contact between brushes and commutators or slip rings.1.12. Electronic Equipment. Operators or other shop personnel will not unplug equipment with components operating on high voltage unless technical publications authorize the removal of an electronic component such as a subassembly or module.1.12.1. Personnel will use only approved solvents for cleaning electronics equipment. Provide adequate ventilation and, when using solvents, wear approved Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when required by the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or the EH&S Department. Vacuuming is considered an effective cleaning method. Use compressed air only as a last resort. If using compressed air for cleaning electrical equipment, limit air pressure to less than 30 psi, unless a lower pressure is required by manufacturer’s data, or local procedure s. Effective chip guarding (nozzle discharge tip is a diffuser type) and PPE will be used.1.12.2. Technicians will not use lead pencils, screwdrivers, or other unapproved tools to make radio frequency energy tests on any piece of electronic equipment, as serious burns can result from this practice.1.12.3. Personnel should not hold meters in their hand while performing measurements on energized circuits or equipment. When it is necessary to handhold meters or metering cables, use gloves or other effective PPE. The holder must stand on or be in contact with dry surfaces.1.12.4. Workers will keep workbenches clean at all times. When voltage is applied to equipment being repaired or tested, personnel will ensure tools not essential to the test and other equipment are removed from the bench. Ground metal workbenches used for repairing and testing of electronic equipment to a low resistance ground. Use stools made of wood, fiberglass, or other nonconducting materials when working on electrical or electronic equipment.1.12.5. Supervisors will establish procedures requiring all accessories, that are to be used with electronic and electrical equipment, are serviceable and safe to use. Establish procedures to eliminate or control all hazard potentials to a safe acceptable level.1.13. Emergency Equipment (Electrical Safety Boards). In addition to electrical PPE provided to workers, supervisors may desire to have emergency equipment available at each operating location where maintenance is performed on energized high voltage circuits. High voltage is defined as 600 volts, nominal, or more. The equipment may be displayed on a board, stored in an unlocked cabinet, or made available in a portable kit. The emergency equipment will be situated in a conspicuous and prominent location at each site, well marked, and readily accessible to personnel. If an electrical safety board is used, recommend the dimensions be 4 feet by 4 feet by one-half inch. Color coding is not mandatory; however, the recommended color is a dark green background with white letters and border. In each case, the color of lettering should be conspicuous against the darker background. The location of the equipment should also afford maximum protection against chemical, mechanical, or environmental deterioration. Emergency equipment will be inspected or tested frequently by the work place supervisor for serviceability. Emergency equipment will consist of:1.13.1. The safety operations instructions, when required by the Supervisor for the particular site.1.13.2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions. An American Red Cross or American Heart Association Poster may be used.1.13.3. CPR facemask with disposable mouthpiece.1.13.4. Emergency phone numbers and building number will be prominently displayed.1.13.5. First aid kit, or a suitable substitute.1.13.6. Disposable gloves, which are impervious (leak proof) to body fluids, for first aid use. 1.13.7. Nonconductive cane or hook with an electrically insulated handle (with less than 180 degrees of bend). (Note: Cane should not be varnished wood as some varnishes are electrically conductive, not bare wood as it may absorb moisture and become conductive.)1.13.8. High voltage insulated lineman’s rubber electrical gloves (both inner and outer g loves) - if rescuer(s) is likely to come into contact with live wires, conductors or current carrying parts during a rescue situation. Voltage rating will be suitable for voltages encountered in the work area. Note: Electrical gloves shall be checked before use as per ASTM F 496-85 and gloves shall be tested and marked with next test date.1.13.9. A 15-foot length of rope, preferably one-half or five-eights inch hemp. (Note: synthetic rope may melt or burn quickly when exposed to an electric arc, heat or flame)1.13.10. Insulated fuse pullers (where required).1.13.11. Flashlight (nonmetallic case) or a chemical high intensity light stick in operating condition.1.13.12. Grounding stick (shorting stick) with nonconductive handle. (Note: may be omitted if available on adjacent workbenches in area)1.13.13. Snakebite kit (for remote work sites or as dictated by environmental conditions).1.13.14. Wool blanket(s), for use in extinguishing clothing fires and for keeping injured person warm to reduce effects of shock.1.13.15. Rubber insulating blanket(s), where potential exists to contact energized electrical parts during rescue.1.14. Automated External Defibrillator (AED): AED approved by the EH&S Department may be required.1.15. Consult Construction & Planning or EH&S Department whenever specific guidance on lighting is required. All fluorescent light bulbs contain toxic materials and should be managed in accordance with local disposal criteria for hazardous waste. When fluorescent lighting fixtures are used, supervisors will ensure that any stroboscopic effect with moving machinery is avoided. Control of light is important to avoid glare and harsh shadows. Soft shadows are usually acceptable, but harsh shadows should be avoided since they may obscure hazards or interfere with visibility. Supplementary lighting or additional lighting will be provided in situations where general lighting is not sufficient.1.16. Moisture Guarding. Weatherproof electrical systems will be installed where lampholders, fixtures, or receptacles are used in wet or damp locations, such as perishable storage areas (to include all refrigerated areas, both storage and food processing). Fixtures subject to moisture such as those located near steam equipment will be of vapor proof construction to prevent electrical shock or short circuits.1.17. Undervoltage Protection. Machines which are not adequately safeguarded to protect the worker during undervoltage situations shall have an undervoltage protective device installed. Undervoltage situations occur when a machine automatically resumes motion after a low voltage situation or power interruption and the operator is exposed to hazardous moving parts. Physical Plant personnel, EH&S Department and workplace Supervisors will identify those machines which require this protection and assure that undervoltage protection devices are installed where needed.1.18. Control Switches. Control switches (on and off) will be accessible to workers at their normal operating positions so they will not need to reach over moving parts of the machine toactivate the switch. Control switch stop functions will be identified by the printed word “STOP” and (or) the color red.1.18.1. Positive pressure switches will not be wedged for continuous operation. The motor “start” switch shall be protected against accidental and (or) inadvertent operation. Electrical controls shall not be blocked or otherwise obstructed.1.18.2. Interlocks will not be disconnected or bypassed. Interlocks can be disconnected during maintenance or adjustments only when prescribed by applicable instructions. During these periods, a sign stating “DANGER —INTERLOCKS DISCONNECTED” or nearest commercially available equivalent, will be placed on the equipment or nearest available equipment. Interlocks will not be permanently circumvented by operators of such equipment where interlocks are installed for safety reasons, i.e.; an interlock that prevents a machine from operating when a protective guard or panel is removed or opened.。
电气安全英语Electrical safety is a critical aspect of modern life, ensuring that we can use electrical appliances and systems without harm. It involves a set of practices and precautions designed to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage to equipment.First and foremost, understanding the basics ofelectricity is essential. Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, either positive or negative. It can be dangerous when not handled properly, leading to electric shock, fires, or explosions.One of the primary rules of electrical safety is to always turn off the power before working on any electrical equipment. This simple step can prevent accidental shocks and ensure that you are working with a safe environment.Using the right tools and equipment is also vital. Insulated tools and gloves can protect against electric shocks. Additionally, circuit breakers and fuses should be used to prevent overloading and short circuits.Regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems are crucial. This includes checking for frayed wires, loose connections, and outdated components that may pose a risk.It's also important to replace any damaged equipment immediately to avoid potential hazards.In the workplace, training and education on electrical safety are essential. Employees should be aware of the potential dangers and know how to respond in case of an emergency. This includes understanding how to use a fire extinguisher on electrical fires and knowing the location of first aid kits.Moreover, it's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using electrical appliances. Overloading outlets or using damaged cords can lead to fires. Always unplug devices when not in use to conserve energy and reduce the risk of fire.Lastly, in the event of an electrical emergency, it's vital to stay calm and act quickly. If someone is experiencing an electric shock, do not touch them directly, as this can cause you to receive a shock as well. Instead, turn off the power source if possible and call for medical help immediately.In conclusion, electrical safety is a collective responsibility that requires vigilance and adherence to safety protocols. By following these guidelines, we can enjoy the benefits of electricity while minimizing the risks associated with its use.。
电工安全操作规程Safety Operation Practices for Electricians1.电气操作人员应思想集中，电器线路在未经测电笔确定无电前，应一律视为“有电”，不可用手触摸，不可绝对相信绝缘体，应认为有电操作。
Electrical operators shall be concentrated during work, all the electrical cables shall be deemed to be electriferous before it is determined by the electric pen that no electricity has been measured, and shall not be touched by hand. Insulators can not be absolutely entrusted, all operations before testing by the electric pen shall be regarded asoperation in electricity. 2.工作前应详细检查自己所用工具是否安全可靠，穿戴好必须的防护用品，以防工作时发生意外。
Selected tools must be checked to be safe and reliable and protective applies must be properly worn before work in case any accident happen during work.3.维修线路要采取必要的措施，在开关手把上或线路上悬挂“有人工作、禁止合闸”的警告牌，防止他人中途送电。
Necessary measures must be taken in the maintenance of the cables, "At Maintenance, No Switching on" warning signs shall be hung tothe switch handle or on the cable to prevent others from sending electricity during the maintenance.4.使用测电笔时要注意测试电压范围，禁止超出范围使用，电工人员一般使用的电笔，只许在五百伏以下电压使用。
一．电气名词Electric items二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus, circuits)三．设备Equipments四．保护、继电器Protection , relays五．电气仪表Electric instruments六．防雷Lightning protection七．接地Grounding, earthing八．室、所Room , Substation九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair十．材料Material十一．图名Drawings, diagrams十二．表头Tables十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG一．电气名词Electric items交（直）流Alternating (direct) current短路电流Short-circuit current起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current临界电流Critical current切断电流Rupturing current熔断电流Blow-out current故障电流Fault current计算电流Calculating current极限有限电流Limit effective current过电流Over current逆电流Inverse current整定电流Setting current额定电流Rated current电流密度Current density短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension低压Low-voltage , Low-tension计算电压Calculating voltage激磁电压Exciting voltage冲击电压Impulse voltage临界电压Critical voltage残留电压Residual voltage击穿电压Puncture voltage脉动电压Pulsating voltage供电电压Supply voltage电力电压Power voltage照明电压Lighting voltage灯丝电压Filament voltage额定电压Rated voltage电压损失V oltage loss过(欠)电压Over (under) voltage线路电压Line voltage电压降V oltage drop工作电压Working voltage一次电压Primary voltage二次电压Secondary voltage电源Electric source (power supply)自控电压Power supply for process control6kV控制闪光电源Flashing supply for 6kV control 工作电源Working power supply (electric source) 保安电源Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源Stabilized D.C. source控制电源Control supply直流电源D.C. source交流电源A.C. source负荷计算Load calculation设备容量Installed capacity需要容量Electric demand功率因数Power factor安装高度Mounting height耐电压Breakdown voltage工频耐压High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络Surface flash-over直流泄漏D.C. leakage体电阻率V olume resistivity介质损失角Dielectric loss angle击穿强度Puncture intensity电压等级V oltage grade比重Specific gravity性能Feature相序Phase sequence瞬时Instantaneous倾角Angle of inclination跨度Span正极Positive pole负极Negative pole截面(积) Cross section area辅助电源Auxiliary source遮断容量Interrupting capacity载流量Current-carrying capacity校正系数Correction factor连续负荷Continuous load长期载流量Continuous capacity长时间额定值Longtime rating电动机堵转电流Locked-rotor motor current限定负荷Limited load电感负荷Inductive load感应电流Induced current二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits)母线Bus-bar合闸电源母线Closing power source bus闪光母线Flashing-bus备用母线Spare bus装在支柱上的插接式母线Post-supported plug-in bus way装在吊钩上的插接式母线Hook-supported plug-in bus way 装在支架上的插接式母线Bracket-supported plug-in bus way 小母线Miniature bus电源小母线Power supply miniature bus操作小母线Operating miniature bus事故信号小母线Miniature bus for fault signal闪光小母线Flashing miniature bus主母线Main bus直流主母线D.C. main bus预告母线Prewarning bus干线Main line照明干线Lighting main line接地干线Grounding main line插座干线Receptacle main line电压干线V oltage main line端子出线Terminal outgoing中性线Neutral支线Branch-line引入线Lead-in电气线路Electric circuit交流配电线路A.C. distribution circuit直流配电线路D.C. distribution circuit事故照明线路Emergency lighting circuit控制线路Control circuit接地或接零线路Grounding or neutralizing circuit信号线路Signal circuit有接地极的接地线路网Grounding with grounding electrodes定子绕组测温回路Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding 接地信号回路Grounding signal circuit闪光信号回路Flashing-signal circuit开阀回路Circuit for opening valve关（闭）阀回路Circuit for closing valve开度计回路Circuit for opening meter电流测量回路Current-measuring circuit差动保护回路Differental protective circuit过流保护回路Over-current protective circuit合闸回路Closing circuit停车延时回路Delayed shutdown circuit掉闸回路Trip circuit激磁回路Exciting circuit备用回路Spare circuit主回路Main circuit馈路Feeder circuit现有回路Existing circuit单线回路Single-wire circuit接地回路Earthed circuit有电压的电路Live circuit三．设备Equipments高压开关柜H.V. switchgear动力配电箱Power distribution cabinet电源配电箱Source distribution cabinet直流配电屏D.C. switchboard (distribution panel)交流低压配电屏A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel)静电电容器柜Static capacitor cabinet多种电源插销箱Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies控制箱Control cabinet照明配电箱Lighting (distribution panel)连接箱Junction box出线盒Outlet box开关箱Switch box控制台Console分段屏Sectionalizing panel进线屏Incoming line panel电控箱Electric control panel边屏Side board端子箱Terminal box供电盘Power supply box瓶车箱Synchronizing cabinet感应调压器专用变压器高压柜Special transformer H.V. cabinet for induction voltage regulator电压互感器柜Potential transformer cabinet信号屏Signal panel浮充屏Floating panel蓄电池屏Battery panel充电屏Charging panel母线联络柜Bus tie cabinet转换开关Transfer switch电压表转换开关V oltmeter change-over switch铁壳开关Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch)管式熔断器Cartridge fuse真空断路器Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.)自动开关Automatic switch高压负荷开关H.V. load break switch三极高压断路器3-pole HV circuit-breaker刀开关Knife switch转换开关Transfer switch双极铁壳开关2-pole iron-clad switch风扇变速开关Fan speed regulator switch密闭照明灯开关Hermetic lighting switch防爆照明灯开关Explosion-proof lighting switch行程开关Limit switch高压隔离开关H.V. disconnecting switch明装单极板钮开关Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch 暗装单极板钮开关Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch 三路开关Three-way switch气密式组合开关Hermetic packet type switch防护式开关Guard type switch联锁开关Interlock switch操作方式选择开关Selecting switch for types of operation控制电源开关Switch for control supply主令开关Master switch (controller)多切点切换开关Multi-point change-over switch按钮Push-button控制按钮Control push-button防爆控制按钮Explosion-proof control push-button事故紧急按钮Emergency stopping push-button起动按钮Starting push-button停止按钮Stopping push-button现场按钮Push-button in field挡板damper音响解除按钮Push-button for sound release起动器Starter磁力起动器Magnetic starter综合起动器Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination) 电力变压器Power transformer调压变压器V oltage regulating transformer电压互感器Potential transformer电流互感器Current transformer照明变压器Lighting transformer三相三绕组变压器3-phase tertiary winding transformer高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer局部照明变压器Local lighting transformer多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement降压变压器Step-down transformer伺服电动机Servo-motor双电压电动机Dual-voltage motor感应电动机Induction motor交流异步电动机A.C. asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相滑环感应电动机3-phase slip-ring induction motor三相鼠笼感应电动机3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor绕线式电动机Wound-rotor induction motor反应式电动机Reaction motor柴油发电机Diesel generator励磁发电机Excitation generator明装双极插座Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle暗装双极插座Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle双极带接地插座2-pole receptacle with grounding contact单相三孔明插座Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle防护式明装三相四孔插座Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle 配照型灯Standard dome lighting fitting搪瓷深照型灯Enameled high bay lighting fitting防水防尘灯Water and dust proof lighting fitting安全灯Safety lighting fitting隔爆灯Explosion-proof lighting fitting弯灯Goose-neck light壁灯Wall light高压水银灯High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting 投光灯Flood-light (projection light)信号灯Signal lamp天棚灯Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting局部照明灯Local lighting fitting灯座Lamp holder事故照明灯Emergency lighting fitting高压水银荧光灯H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting 广照型工厂灯Wide lit type industrial fitting深照型灯具High bay lighting fitting白炽灯具Incandescent lamp (bulb)圆球型灯Globe lamp嵌入式荧光灯flush type fluorescent lighting fitting红色障碍灯Red obstruction lamp for aviation厂区道路照明灯Street lighting in plant area路灯Street lamp视孔灯Inspection hole lamp立杆弯灯goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp 模拟报警信号Semigraph and alarm signal 自整角机Selsyn励磁机Exciter显示器Display电位器Potentiometer内电阻Internal resistance固定电阻（器）Fixed resistance脱扣Release , trip分励Shunt trip特殊失压脱扣器Special no-voltage release “或”开关放大器“Or” switch amplifier制动器Brake电容Capacitor整流器Rectifier镇流器Chock分流器Shunt油变阻器Oil immersed rheostat频敏电阻器Frequency sensitive rheostat 滑线变阻器Sliding rheostat蜂鸣器Buzzer电机加热器Space heater (for motor)空气断路器电机操作机构Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker 可控硅励磁装置Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device保护装置Protective device (element)闪光装置Flashing device接闪装置（避雷器）Lightning arrester断相保护Phase failure protection四．保护、继电器Protection , relays信号继电器Signal relay过电流继电器Over-current relay电压继电器V oltage relay时间继电器Time relay中间继电器Auxiliary relay热继电器Thermal relay温度继电器Temperature relay瓦斯继电器Gas relay控制电源中间继电器Auxiliary relay for control supply自动操作继电器Relay for auto-operation低电压继电器Under-voltage relay过电压继电器Over-voltage relay联锁继电器Interlock relay冲击继电器Impact relay合闸位置继电器Close position relay逆流继电器Reverse-current relay差流继电器Differential current relay差动继电器Differential relay电流继电器Current relay功率继电器Power relay接地继电器Earthing relay重合闸继电器Reclosing relay同步继电器Synchronous relay速动继电器Quick acting relay定时限继电器Definite time relay光电继电器Photoelectric relay电子继电器Electronic relay电磁式继电器Electromagnetic relay电动式继电器Electrodynamic relay气压继电器Gas-pressure relay继电器常开触点Relay N.O. contact继电器常闭触点Relay N.C. contact继电器保护触点（常开）Relay holding contact (N.O.)能自动返回的常闭按钮触点Self-return button with N.C. contact 模拟信号触点Contact for semigraph signal强励磁接点Shock excitation contact电感线圈Induction coil电流线圈Current coil脱扣线圈Trip coil合闸线圈Close coil释放线圈Releasing coil掉闸线圈Tripping coil予告信号Prewarning signal掉闸回路断线信号Breakage signal of trip circuit断路器事故掉闸信号Fault trip signal of breaker掉闸音响信号Tripping audible signal重瓦斯预告信号Heavy gas prewarning signal温度预告信号Temperature prewarning signal手动、自动操作时事故信号Fault signal in manual/automatic operation 保护掉闸Protective trip控制掉闸Control trip手动跳闸Manual trip变电所紧急停车Emergency shutdown at substation工艺故障Fault in process励磁故障Fault in excitation工作电源失电报警No-voltage alarm of working electric source工作电源分合闸On and off of working electric source工作电源投入Throw-in of working electric source保安电源送电supply of emergency electric source运转指示Indicating of operation投入指示Indicating of throw-in同步指示Indicating of synchronism延时停车Delayed shutdown电源切除Switch off the power supply速断及过流断通Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on自保持Self-holding自锁Self-lock联锁Interlocking绝缘监视Insulation supervision电压监视V oltage supervision联锁解除Release of interlock工作、保安电源切换Transfer of working and emergency power supply发电机与工作母线并车Synchronization of generator to working bus重瓦斯保护Heavy gas protection开或闭超扭矩保护Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve 电机起动顺序Sequence of motor starting铭牌框注字Name plate denotation (inscription)五．电气仪表Electric instruments电流表Ammeter电压表V oltmeter三相三线有功电度表Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter单相电度表Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter三相无功电度表Three-phase kilovar-hour meter有功功率表Active power meter , kilowatt meter无功功率表Reactive power meter , kilovar meter三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter功率因数表Power factor meter频率表Frequency meter验电流器Galvanoscope欧姆表Ohmmeter相位表Phase meter转速表Tachometer波长表Wave-length meter三相四线制标准电度表3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter 过载电流表Overload ammeter低功率因数瓦特表Low power-factor wattmeter交直流两用钳型电流表A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester兆欧表Megger , Megohmmeter万用表Avometer微安表Microammeter毫安表Milliammeter各种测量仪表Various kind of measuring instruments接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester真空管电压表Vacuum tube voltmeter电动秒表Electric second-meter六．防雷Lightning protection避雷装置Lightning protector避雷针Lightning rod避雷带Strap type lightning protector避雷网Network of lightning protector避雷针支架Lightning rod support避雷针尖Tip of lightning rod避雷针拉铁Brace for lightning rod避雷器Lightning arrester , surge discharger 球型避雷器Spherical arrester管形避雷器Tubular arrester阀形避雷器Auto-valve arrester低压避雷器Low voltage arrester角形避雷器Horn arrester多隙避雷器Multigap arrester铝避雷器Aluminum cell arrester氧化膜避雷器Oxide film arrester击穿保险器Puncture lightning arrester雷击Lightning stroke直接雷击Direct lightning stroke感应雷击Induction lightning stroke雷电日Thunderbolt days雷电或然率Lightning and thunder probability 触电Electric shock静电感应Electrostatic induction七．接地Grounding , earthing接地保护Ground protection , earth protection 防雷接地Grounding for lightning保护接地Protective earthing人工接地Artificial grounding工作接地Working grounding , working earthing 重复接地Multiple earthing屏蔽接地Screen earthing , shielding ground中性点接地Neutral point grounded接地系统Grounding system , earthing system 接地故障Ground fault , earth fault单相接地Single phase earthing母线接地Bus ground接地装置Grounding device , earthing device引下线Down-lead , down conductor引下线固定Clamping plate of support for fixing 支架夹板Down lead引下线固定支脚Support for fixing down lead接地线Ground connector接地干线Ground(ing) main , (bus)接地网Grounding network , earthing network接地极Earth electrode (pole)接地电阻Earth resistance接地电路Earth (ground) circuit连接条Connecting strip断接卡Connecting clamp八．室、所Room , Substation贮藏室Storage套间Compartment蓄电池室Battery room控制室Control room配电室Distribution room维修间Repair room变电所Substation高压配电室H.V. distribution room休息室Rest room九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair 砂轮机Emery wheel grinder台钻Bench drilling machine交流电焊机A.C. welding machine移动式空气压缩机Portable air compressor手电钻Electric hand drill单速手摇绕线机Single speed hand winding machine导线钳压器Wire jointing press-clamp油压千斤顶Hydraulic jack电吹尘器Electric dust cleaner存放柜Store chest高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer泄漏试验变压器Leakage testing set大电流发生器Strong current generator油浸自冷感应调压器Oil-immersed self-cooled induction voltage regulator 多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement 仪用电感互感器Instrumental voltage transformer单相自耦变压器Single-phase auto-transformer三相自耦变压器3-phase auto-transformer硅整流器Silicon rectifier仪表试验台Testing stand for instrument接触器，继电器试验台Relay and contactor testing stand慢扫描示波器Slow scanning oscillograph交流电子稳压器A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer携带式交流电桥Portable A.C. electric bridge接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester电缆故障探伤仪Cable fault detector直流单臂电桥D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge 十．材料Material绝缘包布Insulating tape填料Filler , packing绝缘膏Insulating compound电缆膏Cable compound防腐油Anti-corrosive oil沥青漆Bituminous varnish绝缘漆Insulating varnish瓷漆Enamel varnish有色金属Non-ferrous metal黑色金属ferrous metal白金属White metal云母Mica环氧树脂Epoxy resin聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl chloride , PVC蜡Wax滑石粉Talc powder电胶木Bakelite聚丙烯外壳Polyacrylic cover耐油橡胶管Oil-proof rubber tubes 接地铜线Grounding copper wire 垫圈Pad塑料绝缘线Plastics insulated wire 橡套电缆Rubber sheathed cable 中间接头Splice填充剂Filling agent绝缘电线Insulated wire移动软电缆Movable flexible cable 补偿导线Extension wire套管Bushing母线槽Busway悬索Cable suspension滑触线Trolley conductor镀锌煤气管Galvanized gas pipe 镀锌角钢Galvanized steel angle 镀锌扁钢Galvanized steel strap钢丝绳Steel wire rope电笛Siren电磁阀Electromagnetic valve连接片Connecting link切换片Transfering link端子排Terminal board半导体二极管Semiconductor diode开度计Opening meter逻辑元件Logical element接线盒Junction box仪表槽板Instrument trunking电缆吊架Cable hanger出线套Outgoing line sleeve十一．图名Drawings , diagrams电气图纸目录Contents of electric drawings电力系统图Electric power system diagram照明系统图Lighting system diagram电力平面布置图Electric power layout plan照明平面布置图Lighting layout plan单线图One line diagram控制箱面部布置图Surface arrangement of control box 背部接线图Back wiring (diagram)外部接线图External (outside) wiring diagram内部接线图Internal (inside) wiring diagram控制原理图Principle control diagram原理图Schematic diagram展开图Developed diagram电气标准图Electric standard drawing电气施工图Electric working drawing复用图Reproducibles (drawing)电缆联系图Cable hook-up diagram转换开关接点图Contact diagram of transfer switch箱侧视图Side view of box正视图Front view , facade背视图Back view剖面图Section参考图Reference drawing电缆敷设图Cable laying diagram箱内框架布置图Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet控制箱台面展开图Surface developed diagram of console出线端子示意图Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图Diagram of terminal connections电气管线表List of wire , cable and conduits设备材料表List of equipment and materials十二．表头Tables电力系统图Power system diagram引入线Lead in保护设备Protective device型号Type额定值Rating整定值Setting主启动设备回路Circuit to starting device导线型号、芯数、截面及管径Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit 线长Wire length管长Conduit length启动设备Starting device型号规格Type , specification保护元件Protective element计量装置Calculating device用电设备主回路Main circuit of electric equipment控制回路Control circuit控制装置Control device用电设备Electric equipment设备容量Consumer capacity生产设备Production equipment位号No. of location名称Name备注Remarks引入线Feed in配电箱Distribution cabinet型号及编号Type and No.开关型号Switch type保护装置Protective device回路编号Circuit No.相别Phase灯数Number of lamps插座数Number of receptacles电缆编号No. of line起点Starting终点Ending母线截面Section of bus零母线Neutral bus屏编号Panel No.型号及方案号Type and variant No.控制原理图号Principle control diagram工艺位号Process item No.十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG电工系统图图形符号Graphic symbols for electric system交流电的相别A.C. phase sequence直流电的正负极D.C. positive and negative poles有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组Star-connected three phase windings with neutral outlet开口三角形连接的三相绕组3-phase winding with open delta connection互相连接的导线Cross connection of wires不连接的跨越导线Crossing wires not in contact with each other 可拆卸的电气连接Removable connection电缆终端头Pothead of cable or cable end自耦变压器Auto-transformer感应调压器Induction voltage regulator凸极同步电动机Salient pole synchronous motor带接换装置的蓄电池组Accumulator battery with tap-changers 空气断路器Air circuit-breaker保持触点Holding contact热元件Thermal element自动复位的操作开关Spring-return operating switch插接器Plug-in connector电喇叭Horn电炉Electric furnace分流器Shunt可控硅整流箱屏Silicon controlled rectifier box panel直流配电屏D.C. distributing panel磁力起动器组Magnetic starter group自动开关箱Automatic switch box行程开关Limit switch局部灯Local lighting fitting荧光灯列Series fluorescent lighting fitting防护式灯开关Protective switch导线引上Conductors turning up导线引下Conductors turning down导线由上引来Conductors turning from above导线由下引来Conductors turning from below电缆沟Cable trench调压器V oltage regulator隔离变压器Isolating transformer击穿保护器Puncturing safety device晶体管Transisorized diode地坪Grade level电缆与水管平行Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe 电缆与热力管道交叉敷设Cable running across heat pipeline 车道Drive way电缆穿管与管道交叉Cable protective pipe across a pipeline 双(单)侧支架电缆沟Trench with rack on both sides (one side) 室外地坪Outdoor grade跨接线Jumper金属软管Flexible metal tube过渡接头Adapter。
