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张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.⼀、词汇短语1. horde n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，⼈群：hordes of people ⼤群⼈2. Cabinet n. the politicians with important positions in agovernment who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of thegovernment内阁3. croquet n. a game played on grass in which players hit ballswith wooden mallets槌球游戏4. luncheon n. a lunch, especially a formal one午宴，正式的午餐5. Nazi n. a member of the National Socialist German Workers’Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolph Hitler纳粹分⼦6. regime n. a government in power; administration当权政府，统治：They are suffered under the new regime.他们遭受新政府的统治。
7. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty完全没有的，缺乏的（of）：be devoid of common sense缺乏常识8. excel vt. to do or be better than; surpass优于，超过：excel sb. in knowledge学识过⼈9. ferocious adj. extremely savage; fierce极为野蛮的，残忍的；凶猛的：ferocious animals凶猛的野兽10. threshold n. the place or point of beginning; the outset起点，开端：at the threshold of在……的开始11. till vt. to prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing andharrowing; cultivate耕作，耕耘：till the field耕耘⼀⽚⽥地12. adj. extending back beyond memory orrecord; ancient古⽼的，远古的，⽆法追忆的13. wring vt. to obtain or extract by applying force or pressure迫取，强求，榨取：The police had wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.警察从那个顽固的⽬击者⼝中逼出事情的真相。
Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ)一、词汇短语1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的2. persecution n. the state of treating someonecruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of theirreligious or political beliefs 迫害3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible tosettle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get anadvantage 僵局，僵持4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used inthe past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma onparchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭6. obligation n. the state of being forced to dosomething because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责，债务7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easilyinfluenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的，执着的8. decency n. honest, polite behavior that follows acceptedmoral standards and shows respect for others庄重，正派，体面9. inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you receivefrom somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something whensomebody dies遗传，遗产10. sear v. 1) to burn the surface of something in a way that is sudden andpowerful烧焦，使枯萎; 2) to cause somebody to feel sudden and great pain 烙印11. coalition n. a union of two or more political partiesthat allows them to form a government or fight an election together（政党之间的）联盟，联合12. bubble v. to form bubbles使沸腾，使冒泡13. primary n. (American English) in the U.S. a local meeting ofvoters of a given political party to nominate candidates for public office,select delegates to a convention, etc.（政党中的）初选14. scour v. to search very carefully and thoroughly through an area,a document etc.彻底搜寻，擦亮，洗涤15. exit poll n. a way of guessing the results ofan election by asking people who have just finished voting who theyvoted for选举投票后民意测验16. polarization n. the act ofseparating or making people separate into two groups withcompletely opposite opinions两极分化17. divisive adj. causing people to be split into groups thatdisagree with or oppose each other分裂的，造成不和的18. spectrum n. a complete range of opinions, people,situations etc. going from one extreme to its opposite范围，幅度；光谱19. wide-eyed adj. having little experience and therefore verywilling to believe, trust or accept somebody/something睁大眼睛的，天真的，吃惊的20. reconciliation n. an end to a disagreementand the start of a good relationship again和解，调和21. pastor n. a person, as a priest or minister, in spiritual andjurisdictional charge of a parish, church, congregation or community牧师22. incendiary adj. an incendiary speech, piece of writingetc. is intended to make people angry（演讲、文章等）煽动性的23. denigrate v. to blacken; disparage the character orreputation of; defame 贬低，诋毁，诽谤，污蔑24. unequivocal adj. not ambiguous; plain, clear明确的，不含糊的25. nagging adj. complaining for a long time and difficult to stop唠叨的，挑剔的26. rabbi n. (Judaism) a scholar and teacher of the Jewish law; now,specifically an ordained Jew, usually the spiritual head of a congregation,qualified to decide questions of law and ritual and to perform marriages,etc.拉比（犹太人的学者），法学博士，法师，先生27. endemic n. an endemic disease or problem is always presentin a particular place, or among a particular group of people风土的，地方性的28. stalwart adj. loyal; brave, valiant; firm, unyielding坚定的，健壮的29. professed adj. used to describe a belief or a position thatsomebody has publicly made known公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的30. sermon n. a speech given as instruction in religion or morals,esp. by a priest, minister, or rabbi during services, using a text fromScripture训诫，说教，布道31. You Tube n. a video-sharing website on which users canupload, share, and view videos, created in 2005 and bought by GoogleInc., and is now operated as a subsidiary of Google一种视频网站32. marine adj. connected with the sea and the creatures andplants that live there海的，海产的；航海的，海运的33. seminary n. a college where priests, ministers or rabbis are trained神学院34. reverend adj. the title of a member of the clergy that is alsosometimes used to talk to or about one（对教士的尊称）可尊敬的，教士的35. chronicle n. a written record of events in the order in which they happened 编年史36. predominantly adv. mostly; mainly主要地，显著地，占主导地位地37. gang-banger n. (American English) a member of a violentgang暴力团伙中的一员38. raucous adj. sounding unpleasantly loud 沙哑的，粗嘎的39. bawdy adj. bawdy songs, jokes, stories etc. are about sex and arefunny, enjoyable, and often noisy（歌曲、笑话、故事等）下流的，淫秽的40. jarring adj. making someone feel annoyed or shocked不和谐的，刺耳的；让人震惊或恼火的41. baptize v. to give somebody baptism给人施洗礼（作为入基督教的标志），命名（作为洗礼仪式的一部分）42. derogatory adj. showing a critical attitude towards somebody贬损的，不敬的43. courtesy n. polite behavior that shows respect for other people谦恭，礼貌44. disown v. to say that you no longer want to be connected withsomeone or something, especially a member of your family orsomething that you are responsible for否认，与断绝关系45. cringe v. to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable aboutsomething畏缩，阿谀，奉承，感到难堪46. crank n. someone who has unusual ideas and behaves strangely举止奇怪的人47. demagogue n. a political leader who tries to make peoplefeel strong emotions in order to influence their, opinions—used toshow disapproval蛊惑民心的政客，煽动者48. amplify v. 1) to increase something in strength, especiallysound放大，增强2) to add details to a story, statement, etc.详述二、课文精解1. Barack Obama: 奥巴马2008年3月18日的演讲《更加完善的联邦》是他总统竞选活动中最重要的演讲之一。
Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan (Excerpts)一、词汇短语1. reportorial adj. reporting报告的，报道的2. preoccupation n. an idea thatpreoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是如何养家糊口。
3. kimono n. a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a longloose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服4. bob vi. to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木浮标在水中上下漂动5. ritual adj. of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的n.old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。
6. façade n. the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华丽的正面7. grocery n. a store selling foodstuffs and various householdsupplies杂货店：He was employed at the local grocery store as a deliveryboy.他受雇于当地杂货店当送货员。
Lesson 10 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅱ)一、词汇短语1. pervasive adj. existing in all parts of a place or thing;spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing普遍深入的2. mortgage n. a legal arrangement by which you borrow moneyfrom a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and payback the money over a period of years 抵押贷款，按揭3. amass v. if you amass money, knowledge, information etc., yougradually collect a large amount of it 积聚（尤指财富），积累，大量收集4. bequeath v. (formal) to leave (property) to another by last willand testament; to hand down to posterity遗赠，遗留，把……传下去5. erosion n. 1) the process by which the surface of something isgradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc.腐蚀，侵蚀；2) theprocess of gradually destroying something or making it weaker over aperiod of time逐步损害，削弱6. blight n. anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation 不良影响，打击7. constricted adj. tight or narrow, limited or restricted 收缩的；狭窄的8. languishing adj. to become weaker or fail to makeprogress日趋衰弱的，苦思的，渴望的9. humiliation n. a feeling of being ashamed orstupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of makingsomebody feel like this羞辱，蒙耻10. gin up v. to come up with; generate使形成，发生11. pulpit n. an elevated platform of a high reading desk used inpreaching or conducting a worship service（教堂的）讲道坛12. pew n. originally a compartment in the auditorium of a churchproviding seats for several persons; now a long bench with a back, in achurch教堂内的靠背长凳13. truism n. an undoubted or self-evident truth, esp. one tooobvious for mention真实性14. squarely adv. 1) directly; not at an angle or to one side方形地，直角地，四角地；2) directly or exactly; without confusion直接地，断然地，干脆地15. complicity n. association of partnership in or as in a wrongful act同谋，共犯16. forging v. 1)to put a lot of effort into making somethingsuccessful or strong so that it will last锻炼；2) to make an illegal copy ofsomething in order to cheat people伪造17. chasm n. a deep crack in the earth’s surface; abyss; any break orgap; a wide divergence of feelings, sentiments, interest, etc. 深坑，裂口18. dump v. to get rid of somebody/something or leave them forsomebody else to deal with倾倒（垃圾），倾卸，摆脱，转嫁（责任等）19. stagnant adj. not developing, growing or changing停滞的，迟钝的20. zero sum adj. of, relating to, or being a situation (as agame or relationship) in which a gain for one side entails acorresponding loss for the other side零和的21. bogus adj. not true or real, although someone is trying to makeyou think it is 假冒的，伪造的22. reverse v. to change something completely so that it is theopposite of what it was before颠倒，倒转23. counterproductive adj. having theopposite effect to the one which was intended反生产的，使达不到预期目标的24. culprit n. (informal) the reason for a particular problem ordifficulty问题的起因，困难的起源；犯人，罪犯25. lobbyist n. a person whose job involves trying to influencepoliticians or the government and, for example, persuade them tosupport or oppose a change in the law活动议案通过者，说客26. legitimate adj. allowed and acceptable according tothe law合法的，合理的，正统的27. grievance n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, oran unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you不平，不满，委屈，冤情28. succumb v. to not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptation, etc.屈服，屈从29. quintessentially adv. in a way that representsthe perfect example of something典型地，标准地30. audacity n. the confidence to say or do what you want,despite difficulties, risks or the negative attitudes of other people大胆，厚颜无耻，大言不惭31. ail v. to cause problems for somebody/something折磨，使疼痛，使烦恼32. Scripture n. (capitalized) the books of the Bible 基督教（圣经），经文33. fodder n. people or things that are considered to have only one use饲料，草料；（创作的）素材34. pounce v. to move suddenly forwards in order to attack or catchsomebody/something突袭35. gaffe n. an embarrassing mistake made in a social situation or in public（在社交场合或当众）出丑，失言，失态36. crumbling adj. breaking apart into lots of little pieces, ormaking something do this破碎的；崩溃的37. cynical adj. believing that people only do things to helpthemselves rather than for good or honest reasons愤世嫉俗的38. file v. to present something so that it can be officially recorded anddealt with提出（申请等），把……归档，琢磨39. mustard n. a thick cold yellow or brown sauce that tastes hotand spicy and is usually eaten with meat芥菜，芥末40. relish v. to get great pleasure from something; to want very muchto do or have something盼望，期待；享受，喜爱，品味二、课文精解1. Understanding this reality requires of a reminder of how we arrived at this point. (Para. 27)：reminder暗示；提醒的人/物。
Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar一、词汇短语1. bazaar [] n. a market or area where there are a lot of small shops,especially in India or the Middle East(东方国家尤其是中东地区和印度地区的)集市，街市：Chickens, goats and rabbits were offered for barter at the bazaar.在集市上，鸡、山羊和兔子被摆出来作物物交换之用。
2. Gothic [] adj. the style of architecture prevalent in Western Europefrom the 12th to the 16th century, characterized by pointed arches andflying buttresses哥特式的3. cavern [] n. a large underground chamber, as in a cave山洞，洞穴4. harmonious []adj. characterized by harmony of sound;melodious悦耳的，和谐的：a harmonious group of friends一群和睦的朋友5. throng [] n. a great number of people gathered together, a large crowd人群，群集：A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
6. conceivable [] adj. that can be conceived, imagined可想象的，想得到的；可能的：by every conceivable means千方百计7. din [] n. a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds喧哗，吵闹：The bustleand din gradually faded to silence as night advanced.随着夜越来越深，喧闹声逐渐沉寂。
Lesson11The Way to Rainy Mountain一、词汇短语1.blizzard[]n.a severe snowstorm characterized by coldtemperatures and heavy drifting of snow大风雪2.anvil[]n.an iron block on which a blacksmith puts hot pieces ofmetal before shaping them with a hammer铁砧，[解]砧骨3.brittle[]adj.hard but easily broken易碎的，脆弱的4.hickory[]n.the hard wood of the N American hickory tree山核桃属植物5.pecan[]n.the nut of the American pecan tree with a smoothpinkish-brown shell美洲山核桃树6.witch hazel[]n.any of several shrubs or trees of thegenus Hamamelis;bark yields an astringent lotion金缕梅7.foliage[]n.the leaves of a tree or plant;leaves and branches together树叶，植物8.writhe[]v.to twist or move your body without stopping,often becauseyou are in great pain翻腾9.grasshopper[]n.an insect with long back legs,that can jump very high and that makesa sound with its legs蚱蜢，蝗虫10.preeminently[]adv.to a very great degree; especially卓越地；杰出地11.disposition[]n.the natural qualities of a person’s character性情，性格12.grim[]adj.looking or sounding very serious,unpleasant and depressing严酷的，冷酷的13.unrelenting[]adj.1)not stopping or becoming lesssevere;2)if a person is unrelenting,they continue with somethingwithout considering the feelings of other people不宽恕的，不屈不挠的；无情的，冷酷的14.canyon[]n.a long,narrow valley between high cliffs,often with astream flowing through it(美)峡谷，溪谷15.pillage[]n.the act of stealing things from a place or region,especially in a war,using violence掠夺16.corral[]n.an closure for holding or capturing horses,cattle or other animals畜栏17.affliction[]n.pain and suffering or something that causes it 痛苦，苦恼18.brooding[]adj.sad and mysterious or threatening沉思的，徘徊不去的19.divinity[]n.the quality of being a god or like God神，神学，神性，上帝20.cleavage[]n.a division or split between people or groups劈开，分裂21.elk[]n.a large deer that lives in the north of Europe,Asia and NorthAmerica.In North America it is called a moose.美洲赤鹿22.badger[]n.an animal with grey fur and wide black and white lineson its head.Badgers are nocturnal(=active mostly at night)and live inholes in the ground.獾23.flax[]n.a plant with blue flowers,grown for its stem that is used tomake thread and its seeds that are used to make linseed oil亚麻24.buckwheat[]n.small darkseed that is grown as food for animals and for making flour荞麦25.stonecrop[]n.(植物)景天rkspur[]n.a tall garden plant with blue,pink or whiteflowers growing up its stem翠雀属植物27.billow[]v.1)to fill with air and swell out;2)to fill with air and swell out翻腾28.sweet clover[]n.草木樨植物29.lee[]n.a sheltered place,especially one on that side of anything awayfrom the wind背风处，庇护所30.profusion[]n.a very large quantity of something丰富，充沛，慷慨31.deity[]n.the state of being a god;divine nature;a god orgoddess神，神性32.solstice[]n.either of the two times of the year at which the sunreaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at midday,marked by thelongest and shortest days至日；冬至或夏至33.caldron[]n.a large kettle or boiler大锅(炉)，大汽锅34.wean[]v.to cause(oneself or someone else)to give up a former habit;to withdraw(a person)by degrees(from a habit,object of affection,etc.)asby substituting some other interest使断奶，使放弃，使断念35.ridge[]n.a narrow area of high land along the top of a line of hills;ahigh pointed area near the top of a mountain山脊，屋脊36.upthrust[]n.the force with which a liquid or gas pushes upagainst an object that is floating in it向上推，浮力；(地质)地壳隆起37.engender[]v.to make a feeling or situation exist造成38.score[]v.to make cuts or lines in or on something把……记下；划线，刻划；获得；评价39.kinsmen[]v.a male relative男性亲属40.tenuous[]adj.1)so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists;2)extremely thin and easily broken纤细的，脆弱的；稀薄的；贫乏的41.reverence[]n.a feeling of great respect or admiration forsomebody/something尊敬，敬畏42.consummate[]adj.extremely skilled;perfect完美的，圆满的43.impale[]v.to pierce through or fix with a sharp object刺穿，(作为刑罚)把……钉在尖桩上；使绝望44.barter[]n.the system of exchanging goods,property,services,etc.for other goods,etc.without using money物品交换，实物交易45.deicide[]n.the killing of a god杀神，杀神者，害死耶稣的人46.skillet[]n.a small frying pan煮锅，长柄浅锅47.rambling[]adj.spreading in various directions with noparticular pattern漫步的，散漫的，流浪性的48.shawl[]n.a large piece of cloth worn by a woman around the shouldersor head,or wrapped around a baby披肩，围巾49.sentinel[]n.a soldier whose job is to guard something哨兵50.opaque[]adj.not able to be seen through;not transparent ortranslucent不透明的，不传热的，迟钝的51.abide[]v.to dislike somebody/something so much that you hatehaving to be with or deal with them忍受，容忍；持续，遵守52.ample[]rge,often in an attractive way充足的，丰富的，宽敞的53.council[]n.a group of people who are elected to govern anarea such as a city or county政务会，理事会，委员会54.servitude[]n.the condition of being a slave or beingforced to obey another person劳役，奴役；奴隶状态；地役权55.fright[]n.a feeling of fear惊骇，惊吓，害怕56.nocturnal[]adj.of the night夜的，夜曲的，夜间发生的57.wake[]n.a watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person duringthe night before burial(葬礼前)守夜，看护58.perch[]v.to alight or rest on栖息，位于，使坐落于59.handrail[]n.a long,narrow bar that you can hold onto forsupport,for example when you are going up or down stairs栏杆，扶手60.purl[]v.to flow with a gentle movement and a murmuring sound潺潺流水61.scissortail[]n.(美洲)叉尾霸鹟62.hie[]v.to go quickly催促，赶快二、课文精解1.The Way to Rainy Mountain：《雨山之路》（1969年）是由普利策奖获得者斯科特写的一篇散文。
Lesson1Face to Face with Hurricane Camille一、词汇短语1.hurricane[]n.a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rainsand winds moving a73-136knots飓风sh[]vt.strike against with force or violence猛烈打击：The sleet is lashingthe roof.雨夹雪击打着屋顶。
3.pummel[]v.（用拳头连续）击打：The child pummeled his motherangrily as she carried him home.那孩子因其母带他回家而生气地捶打着母亲。
4.reluctant[]adj.unwilling;disinclined不愿意的，勉强的：Hewas very reluctant to go away.他很不愿意离去。
其名词形式为reluctance。
5.abandon[]vt.a).leave someone who needs or counts on you;leave in the lurch放弃，抛弃：abandon a friend in trouble抛弃处于危难中的朋友；b).to give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit,especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃，丢弃：abandon the ship弃船6.course[]n.a mode of action or behavior品行，行为7.demolish[]vt.to do away with completely;put an end to毁坏，破坏：The fire demolished the town.大火烧毁了这座城镇。
Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.一、词汇短语1. horde n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，人群：hordes of people 大群人2. Cabinet n. the politicians with important positions in agovernment who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of thegovernment内阁3. croquet n. a game played on grass in which players hit ballswith wooden mallets槌球游戏4. luncheon n. a lunch, especially a formal one午宴，正式的午餐5. Nazi n. a member of the National Socialist German Workers’Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolph Hitler纳粹分子6. regime n. a government in power; administration当权政府，统治：They are suffered under the new regime.他们遭受新政府的统治。
7. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty完全没有的，缺乏的（of）：be devoid of common sense缺乏常识8. excel vt. to do or be better than; surpass优于，超过：excel sb. in knowledge学识过人9. ferocious adj. extremely savage; fierce极为野蛮的，残忍的；凶猛的：ferocious animals凶猛的野兽10. threshold n. the place or point of beginning; the outset起点，开端：at the threshold of在……的开始11. till vt. to prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing andharrowing; cultivate耕作，耕耘：till the field耕耘一片田地12. adj.extending back beyond memory orrecord; ancient古老的，远古的，无法追忆的13. wring vt. to obtain or extract by applying force or pressure迫取，强求，榨取：The police had wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.警察从那个顽固的目击者口中逼出事情的真相。
张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 12 Ships in the Desert (Edited)⼀、词汇短语1. anchor n. & v. to hold fast by or as if by an anchor抛锚，锚定：They layat anchor outside the harbor.他们在港外抛锚停泊。
2. lap vt. to wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds拍打：The waveswere lapping the side of the boat.波浪击打着船的侧⾯。
3. comparable adj. that can be compared可⽐较的，⽐得上的4. underlying adj. fundamental, basic在下⾯的，根本的，潜在的5. parka n. a thick warm jacket with a hood⽑⽪风雪⼤⾐，⽪制⼤⾐6. glacier n. a large mass of ice and snow thatforms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate atwhich the snow melts; it moves slowly outward from the center ofaccumulation or down a mountain until it melts or breaks away冰川7. emission n. a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放，排出物：fume emission尘雾排放8. inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded byentreaty; relentless不可变的，残酷⽆情的：the inexorable passage of theseasons⼈⼒不能改变的四季转移9. graph n. a diagram, as a curve, broken lines, series of bars, etc.,representing the successive changes in a variable quantity or quantities图表，曲线图10. frigid adj. extremely cold极其寒冷的：Frigid winds blew fromthe north.寒风从北⽅刮来。
张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（修订本）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】-Unit14Unit 14 Argentia Bay⼀、词汇短语1. pervade [] vt. to be present throughout; permeate蔓延，遍及，弥漫：The air is pervaded by a smoking.空⽓中弥散着⼀种烟味。
2. haze [] n. light thin mist or smoke薄雾，尘雾：I couldn’t see her throughthe haze of smoke.在烟雾弥漫中，我看不见她。
3. tint[]n. a slight coloration; a tinge浅⾊：The painting glowed withbeautiful autumn tints.这幅油画映现出美丽的淡淡的秋⾊。
4. chore [] n. a routine or minor duty⽇常⼯作：As a child one of my choreswas to feed the animals.⼩时候我的杂活之⼀就是喂动物。
5. squawk [] n. a loud screech粗厉的叫声6. camouflage [] v. a). to conceal by the use of disguise or byprotective coloring or garments that blend in with the surroundingenvironment伪装，掩饰：camouflage ships by painting them gray将船涂上灰⾊以便伪装；b). to use protective coloring or garments forconcealment伪装，隐藏：We camouflaged in the bushes and no onesaw us.我们隐藏在灌⽊丛中没有被⼈发现。
Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the World一、词汇短语1. sweltering adj. oppressively hot and humid; sultry酷热的，热得发昏的：We were sweltering in our winter clothes.我们穿着冬衣热得够呛。
2. counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving legal advice andespecially conducting a case in court辩护律师，法律顾问3. prosecution n. the conducting of criminalproceedings in court against a person起诉，检举4. sliver-tongued adj. eloquent; persuasive口才好的，雄辩的：a silver-tongued lawyer能言善辩的律师5. orator n. an eloquent and skilled public speaker演讲家，雄辩家：He is known as a gifted orator.众所周知，他是一位天才演说家。
6. nominee n. one who has been nominated to an office or for acandidacy被提名者，被任命者：the Democratic nominee for the Presidency民主党提名的总统候选人7. testify v. to make a declaration of truth or fact under oath;submit testimony作证：The witnesses testified before a grand jury.目击证人在陪审团面前作证。
8. jury n. a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to the details ofa case in court and decide whether someone is guilty or not陪审团9. erupt v. burst forth or out, as from some restraint爆发，迸发，喷出：The wisdom of Chinese people will erupt like a volcano.中国人的智慧会像火山一样爆发出来。
10. clash n. a conflict, as between opposing or irreconcilable ideas冲突，抵触，意见不一致：a clash of views见解的冲突11. fundamentalism n. religious beliefsbased on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible andregarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals [宗教]原教旨主义12. legislature n. an institution that has the power tomake or change laws立法机关13. prohibit vt. a). to forbid by authority禁止：Smoking isprohibited in most theaters.在大多数戏剧院里禁止吸烟。
b). to prevent;preclude妨碍，阻止：Modesty prohibits me from saying what happened.羞怯妨碍我说出所发生的事情。
14. evolution n. thedevelopment of a species, organism or organ from its original orprimitive state to its present or specialized state进化，演变15. legality n. the state or quality of being legal;lawfulness依法，合法：There is doubt about the legality of the company'saction in dismissing him有人怀疑公司解雇他行为的合法性。
16. indict vt. to accuse of wrongdoing; charge控告，起诉：indict aperson for murder控告某人以杀人罪17. anticipate vt. to feel or realize beforehand; foresee预期，预料：I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。
18. prosecute v. to initiate civil or criminal court actionagainst起诉，告发；检举：He was prosecuted for murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
19. festoon vt. to cover something with flowers, long pieces ofmaterial etc, especially for decoration用花彩装饰，结彩于：a squarefestooned with electric lights张灯结彩的广场20. sprout v. to begin to grow; give off shoots or buds发芽：The rainhas sprouted the seeds overnight.雨一夜就使种子发芽了。
b). to emergeand develop rapidly很快地生长或发展21. rickety adj. likely to break or fall apart; shaky易破裂的，易垮的，摇晃的：rickety wooden stairs摇摇晃晃的木楼梯22. evangelist n. any one of the authors of the four NewTestament gospel books福音传道者23. exhort vt. to urge by strong, often stirring argument,admonition, advice, or appeal规劝，告诫，敦促：They exhorted her toconfess the truth.他们劝诫她招认实情。
其派生词主要形式有exhortation（n.劝勉，告诫）/ exhortative或exhortatory（adj. 劝勉的，告诫的）24. infidel n. one who has no religious beliefs无信仰者，不信宗教者25. florid adj. flushed with rosy color; ruddy红润的：a florid complexion红润的面色26. paunchy adj. having a potbelly罗汉肚的，大腹便便的27. attorney n. a professional person authorized to practice law;conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice律师，（被当事人授权的法律事务中的）代理人28. attorney-general n. the chief law officerand representative in legal matters of a national or stategovernment检察总长，首席检察官29. shrewd adj. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence,and often a sense of the practical机敏的，精明的：a shrewd answer机敏的回答30. magnetic adj. having an unusual power or ability to attract有魅力的，有吸引力的：a magnetic personality有魅力的个性31. steep vi. immense, saturate, absorb or imbue沉浸，埋头于：besteeped in liquor沉缅于酒32. agnostic n. someone who believes that people cannotknow whether God exists or not不可知论者33. session n. Law a court of criminal jurisdiction in the UnitedStates[法律]开庭34. growl vi. to speak in an angry or surly manner抱怨，牢骚满腹地说：growl (out) an answer咆哮着回答35. spar vi. dispute or wrangle争论，争吵：spar at each other对骂36. drawl vi. to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels拉长调说话，慢慢吞吞地说37. bigotry n. the attitude, state of mind, or behaviorcharacteristic of a bigot; intolerance偏执，偏见，顽固38. rampant adj. extending unchecked; unrestrained蔓延的，猖獗的：Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
39. bigot n. o ne who is strongly partial to one’s own group, religion,race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ盲目信仰者，顽固者：anarrow-minded bigot狭隘偏执的人40. faggot n. a buddle of sticks, twigs or branches柴捆，柴把41. witness n. A person who testifies in court证人42. contaminate vt. to make impure or unclean bycontact or mixture污染，使侵害：The waste from this factorycontaminates the water in the river.来自这家工厂的废物污染河水。
