国际会计学课后答案
【篇一：国际会计第七版英文版课后答案(第六章)】foreign currency translation
discussion questions solutions
1. foreign currency translation is the process of restating a foreign account balance from one currency to another. foreign currency conversion is the process of physically exchanging one currency for another.
2. in the foreign exchange spot market, currencies bought and sold must be delivered immediately,normally within 2 business days. thus a singaporean tourist buying u.s. dollars at the airportbefore boarding a plane for new york would hand over singapore dollars and immediatelyreceive the equivalent amount in u.s. dollars. the forward market handles agreements toexchange a fixed amount of one currency for another on an agreed date in the future. for
example, a french manufacturer exporting goods invoiced in euros to a japanese importer on 60- day credit terms would buy a forward contract to sell yen for euros 2 months in the future.transactions in the swap market involve the simultaneous purchase (or sale) of one currency inthe spot market and the sale (or purchase) of the same currency in the forward market. thus, acanadian investor wishing to take advantage of higher interest rates on 6-month treasury bills inthe united states would buy u.s. dollars with canadian dollars in the spot market and invest inthe united states. to guard against a fall in the value of the u.s. dollar before maturity (whenthe u.s. dollar proceeds are converted back to canadian dollars), the canadian investor wouldsimultaneously enter into a forward contract to sell u.s. dollars for canadian dollars 6 months inthe future at today s forward exchange rate.
3. the question refers to alternative exchange rates that are used to translate foreign financialstatements. the current rate is the exchange rate at the financial statement date. it is
sometimes called the year-end or closing rate. the historical rate is the exchange rate at the timeof the underlying transaction. the average rate is the average of various exchange rates during afiscal period. since the average rate
normally is used to translate income statement items, it isoften weighted to reflect any seasonal changes in the volume of transactions during the period.translation gains and losses do not occur if exchange rates do not change. however, ifexchange rates change, the use of current and average rates causes translation gains and losses.these do not occur when the historical rate is used because the same (constant) rate is used eachperiod.
4. in this example, the mexican affiliate s canadian dollar loan is denominated in canadian dollars.however, because the mexican affiliate’s functional currency is u.s. dollars, the peso equivalentof the canadian dollar borrowing would be remeasured in u.s. dollars prior to consolidation. ifthe mexican affiliate’s functional currency were the peso, the canadian dollar loan would beremeasured in pesos before being translated to u.s. dollars.
5. a transaction gain or loss occurs when a foreign currency transaction, e.g., a foreign currencyborrowing, is settled at a different exchange rate than that which prevailed when the transactionwas originally incurred. in this case there is an exchange of one currency for another. a
translation gain or loss, on the other hand, is simply the result of a restatement process. there is
no physical exchange of currencies involved.
6. it is not possible to combine, add, or subtract accounting measurements expressed in different
currencies; thus, it is necessary to translate those accounts that are measured or denominated in aforeign currency into a single reporting currency. foreign currency translation can involverestatement or remeasurement. in restatement, the local (functional) currency is kept as the unitof measure; that is, the translation process multiplies the financial results and relationships in thelocal currency accounts by a constant, the current rate. in contrast, remeasurement translateslocal currency results as if the underlying transactions had taken place in the reporting
(functional) currency of the parent company; for example, it changes the unit of measure of aforeign subsidiary from its local (foreign) currency to the u.s. dollar.
