2020-2021高考英语阅读理解的综合复习

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（三十五）2020江苏卷（C篇）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found, Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, itmay be wise to skip eating first.词块梳理1：stomach英[ˈstʌmək] 美[ˈstʌmək]n. 腹部；胃v. 欣赏；吃得下变形现在分词：stomaching过去式：stomached复数：stomachs第三人称单数：stomachs双语例句1.At the sight of blood her stomach turned.她看到血就感到恶心.2.My gorge [ stomach ] rises at it.我一看见这东西就恶心.3.I wouldn't say your stomach was big —it's just slightly convex.我不会说你的肚子大——它只是有点凸出.2：beneficial英[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] 美[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl]adj. 有益的，有帮助的双语例句1.However, is the relationship stability always beneficial to channel members?然而, 关系稳定性对渠道成员来说一定是有利的吗?2.Passive FTP is beneficial to the client, but detrimental to FTP server admin.被动FTP对FTP客户端的管理有利, 但对服务器端的管理不利.3.Beneficial Right: Personal Right ? Real Right? Or New Right?信托受益权: 物权? 债权? 抑或新权利?3：affect英[əˈfekt] 美[əˈfekt]v. 影响；使感动；（疾病）感染；假装变形过去分词：affected现在分词：affecting过去式：affected第三人称单数：affects:双语例句1.But sooner rather than later, this aerial vehicle technology will affect all of our lives.但是不久以后, 这种空中运载器技术就将影响到我们生活的方方面面.2.Anorexia nervosa, a form of starvation, may affect adolescent girls.神经性厌食症是饥饿的一种形式, 它对少女有影响.3.How could blood flow affect brain activity?血流怎样能影响脑的活性呢?4：otherwise英[ˈʌðəwaɪz] 美[ˈʌðərwaɪz]adv. 否则；除此以外；与之不同地；以其他方式:双语例句1.I suspect ( that ) you once thought otherwise.我觉得你一度有过不同的想法.2.If he had done otherwise, I should have thought him a rascal.如果他不这样做, 我就认为他是个恶棍.3.Don't move, otherwise I'll kill you [ you'll be shot dead ] .不许动, 要不我就崩了你.5：sample英[ˈsɑːmpl] 美[ˈsæmpl]n. 样品；样本；（化验的）取样；（用于新乐曲中的）节录乐曲；确定（模拟信号）瞬时值vt. 品尝；体验；抽样调查；取样；品尝，体验；抽样检验；节录（某一曲子，用于新乐曲中）adj. 样品的，作为例子的n. （Sample）（美、英、爱尔兰）桑普尔（人名）变形过去分词：sampled现在分词：sampling过去式：sampled复数：samples第三人称单数：samples双语例句1.Show me the original sample, please.请把原样给我看看.2.It would be easy to misinterpret results from such a small sample.从这样小的一份抽样出发容易得出曲解的结论.3.We have a representative sample.我们有一个代表性的样品.6：separate英[ˈsepəreɪt] 美[ˈsepəreɪt]v. （使）分开，分离；分割，划分；相隔，隔开；分居；区分，分别adj. 独立的，分开的；不同的，不相关的变形过去分词：separated现在分词：separating名词：separateness过去式：separated第三人称单数：separates:双语例句1.Can you separate butterflies from moths?你能区别蝴蝶和飞蛾吗?2.The two questions are quite separate.这两个问题是完全不相关的.3.These instruments form a complete set. Don't separate them.这些仪器是成套的, 不要拆散.7：average英[ˈævərɪdʒ] 美[ˈævərɪdʒ]adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的n. 平均数；平均水平v. 平均为；算出…的平均数变形副词：averagely过去分词：averaged现在分词：averaging过去式：averaged复数：averages第三人称单数：averages:双语例句1.To put It'simply, the new proposals mean that the average worker will be about 10 % better paid.简单地说, 新建议意味着一个普通工人的工资将增加10%.2.There was nothing special about the meal ; it was average.饭菜没什么特别, 挺平常的.3.We average eight hours'work a day.我们每天平均工作八小时.8：theory英[ˈθɪəri] 美[ˈθiːəri]n. 学说；理论；观点；猜想变形复数：theories双语例句1.His experiment negatived the theory.他的实验驳斥了这个理论.2.Einstein's theory of relativity won for him universal esteem.爱因斯坦的相对论赢得了全世界对他的崇敬.3.Copernicus was terribly persecuted for his scientific theory.哥白尼由于其科学理论而遭到严重的迫害.9：empty英[ˈempti] 美[ˈempti]adj. 空的；无意义的；空虚的；无力的v. 清空；流入变形副词：emptily过去分词：emptied比较级：emptier最高级：emptiest现在分词：emptying过去式：emptied第三人称单数：empties双语例句1.His wordy and empty speech was a frost.他的冗长空洞的讲话使人厌烦.2.Empty talk is no good.空谈没有好处.3.He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱.10：additional英[əˈdɪʃənl] 美[əˈdɪʃənl]adj. 附加的，添加的变形副词：additionally:双语例句1.It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则.2.Additional powers will devolve to the regional governments.将向地方政府下放更多的权力.3.I think we can fit in an additional room.我想我们可以再加建一间房子.11：compared英[kəmˈpeəd] 美[kəmˈpɛrd]adj. 比较的，对照的:双语例句1.His legs were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk.他的双腿和他庞大身躯的其他部分相比瘦得可怜。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities, such as son, daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes, such as a mouth, arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasksChildren who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree, these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children, meanwhile, primarily grouped people's faces by race and gender(性别).The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said."We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time," Gaither said. "When kids think that they have various identities, they show greater abilities."（1）What are all the kids asked to do in the experiments?A.Play different kinds of roles.B.Remind others of their roles.C.Approach several tasks.D.Classify a group of tasks.（2）How does the author mainly clarify the conclusions of the study in paragraph 4?A.By giving examples.B.By using experts' words.C.By listing a few figures.D.By showing cause and effect.（3）What can we learn from Sarah Gaither's words?A.Improving 5 kids flexible thinking ability is important teaching.B.Kids tend to behave selflessly after thinking about their roles.C.Kids' creative thinking ability is easy to discover and develop.D.Teachers are supposed to make the most of the kids' flexibility.（4）What is the best title for the text?A.Kids' Social Abilities Are Consistent with. Their Education.B.Considering Their Various Roles Improves Kids' Abilities.C.Kids Have a Variety of Identities in Their Daily Life.D.Problem-solving Ability Is Necessary for Most Kids.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了让孩子知道自己有不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．（2019•浙江）阅读理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（二十八）2020海南卷（C篇）In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them."Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.词块梳理1：trafficn. 交通；贸易；运输；通信量vt. 用…作交换；在…通行vi. 交易，买卖时态: trafficked, trafficking, traffics名词: trafficker近义词：[n.] collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage, commerce, commercialism, mercantilism [v.] trade, merchandise解析：communication: 指邮电、无线电、铁路、公路等各种交通方式或媒介。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air thah forest trees.As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.（1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2?A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses.B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming.C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels.D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on.（2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?A. To know about their growth rates.B. To find out how much they weigh.C. To check whether they were healthy.D. To assess the carbon amounts in them.（3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?A. They are more likely to access growth promoters.B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air.C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors.D. They are better at competing for light.（4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued?A. How urban trees can live longer.B. Why city living makes trees die young.C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions.D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more CO2.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现：与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influentialof the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He servedas the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president.But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Underhis command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show imagesfrom nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ .A. talents in many waysB. success in their careersC. inventions in new fieldsD. contributions to the country（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________.A. economy and powerB. independence and democracyC. wealth and successD. faith and glory（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Men on the MoneyB. the Design of US BillsC. History on the MoneyD. the Story of US Bills【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?A. To try another lifestyle.B. To refresh our brain.C. To make better decisions.D. To play with our family and friends.（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?A. RebornB. MemorableC. RemarkableD. Tiring（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.C. Tips on Using New Technologies.D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。

姓名，年级：时间：专题12阅读理解之组合练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习A(2020全国卷IC)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows， while most likely contributing to fewer injuries。

It does，however， have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50—kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触） with the ground at all times。

It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity， however， says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding， she says， According to most calculations， race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里) per hour， which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running， which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow.First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language.The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100.Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English.So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.（1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow?A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live.B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed.C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos.D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow.（2）How does the writer explain the first problem?A. By presenting figures.B. By making comparisons.C. By quoting sayings.D. By adopting idioms.（3）The example of the west Greenlandic word 'siku' shows that .A. the making of words varies from language to languageB. the Inuit and Yupik languages have more words for snowC. the richness of words and phrases leads to different ideasD. more phrases about snow are found in the English language（4）What conclusion can we safely draw from the last two paragraphs?A. Eskimos better understand snow than other people.B. Languages deeply influence people's ability to think.C. There is no point counting Eskimo's expressions for snow.D. What comes into our mind is limited by our language.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（三十七）2020天津卷（B篇）“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue（塑像）of me — is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have d ared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. ”President Lincoln smiled. “Pai nters, sculptors —they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust（半身像）?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. “Of course —I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. ”Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay（粘土）figure would not exhaust my strength —and that is what I intend to do!”The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorr y, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background. ”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. ”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk. ”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that y ou are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming andintelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon. ”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.词块梳理1：statue英[ˈstætʃuː] 美[ˈstætʃuː]n. 雕像，塑像变形复数：statues双语例句1.The statue has been dated as 5 th century BC.这个雕像的年代为公元前5世纪.2.Older boys put them up to painting the statue red.大孩子唆使他们把塑像漆成红色.3.The statue is cast in bronze.这像是用青铜铸的.2：gentle英[ˈdʒentl] 美[ˈdʒentl]adj. 文静的；温和的；轻柔的；平缓的变形比较级：gentler最高级：gentlest名词：gentleness双语例句1.A gentle wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风拂动水面.2.He is a man of gentle mould.他是个性格温和的人.3.A gentle breeze is freely blowing.惠风和畅.3：casual英[ˈkæʒuəl] 美[ˈkæʒuəl]adj. 漫不经心的，马虎的；随便的；偶然的；临时的；（服装）便装的；短期的；感情不深的n. 便装；临时工变形副词：casually比较级：more casual最高级：most casual名词：casualness复数：casuals双语例句1.Young people today lean towards casual clothes.现在的年轻人倾向于穿休闲装.2.We are only casual acquaintances.我们只是泛泛之交.3.He earns a living by casual labour.他靠做临时工为生.4：specially英[ˈspeʃəli] 美[ˈspeʃəli]adv. 特意地；格外地双语例句1.Lion Performing Equipments Company is cooperated with American specially producing performing equipments.醒狮演出器材公司是由中美合作生产演出器材的专业厂家.2.The engine is being specially adapted to increase its power.正在对这台引擎进行改装以增加它的功率.3.The ship stops outside the harbor so that a specially trained person may pilot her in.那艘船停靠在港口外,等着让一个受过专门训练的人将它领进港口.5：admirable英[ˈædmərəbl] 美[ˈædmərəbl]adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的变形副词：admirably双语例句1.If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning.如果我们读书时能抛弃所有这些成见, 那将是一个极可贵的开端.2.The admirable police have found out that, have they?高明的警务部把那一点探听出来了, 是吗?3.He's our good respectable and admirable president.他是受我们尊重和爱戴的好主席.6：ordinary英[ˈɔːdnri] 美[ˈɔːrdneri]adj. 普通的；平庸的变形名词：ordinariness双语例句1.He was demoted to the rank of ordinary soldier.他被降为普通一兵.2.Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information.那时平常的人便能运用它们去获取宝贵的信息.3.It's the lunatic fringe of the Animal Liberation Front which smashes the windows of butchers'shops, not ordinary members like us.是“动物解放阵线”的极端分子打碎了肉店的玻璃窗, 可不是我们这样的普通成员.7：apology英[əˈpɒlədʒi] 美[əˈpɑːlədʒi]n. 道歉，认错；辩解变形复数：apologies双语例句1.We can take ( it ) as read that an apology was given.我们可以认为已经道歉了.2.He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错.3.I trust for his apology.我期待他的道歉.8：figure英[ˈfɪɡə(r)] 美[ˈfɪɡjər]n. 数字；位数；人影；雕像；体形；知名人士；形象；图，表；几何图形；金额；冰上花样v. 认为；计算；出现变形过去分词：figured现在分词：figuring过去式：figured复数：figures第三人称单数：figures双语例句1.Figure the situation to yourself, what can I do?你设身处地想想, 我能做什么?2.Don't figure on going abroad this summer; we may not be able to afford it.别指望今年夏天出国, 我们可能负担不起旅行费用.3.Cash on hand tallies with the figure in the accounts.现款跟账上的数目没有出入.9：exhaust英[ɪɡˈzɔːst] 美[ɪɡˈzɔːst]v. 耗尽；使精疲力竭；详尽地讨论n. 废气；排气管变形过去分词：exhausted现在分词：exhausting过去式：exhausted第三人称单数：exhausts双语例句1.There is growing like compact, less fuel consumption and exhaust pollution of the small car.人们越来越喜欢小巧、耗油少、尾气污染小的汽车了.2.B : Why must you exhaust yourself?您为什么非要把自己累趴下呢?3.The pump exhaust should lead to the open air or a fume hood.抽气泵的排气管应该导向室外空旷处或导向一座通风橱.10：intend英[ɪnˈtend] 美[ɪnˈtend]v. 打算，计划；想要；意指变形过去分词：intended现在分词：intending过去式：intended第三人称单数：intends双语例句1.He seems to intend mischief.看来他想捣蛋.2.I intend to amortize the total cost of the car over three years.我打算用三年时间分期偿还汽车的所有费用.3.When my ship comes in I intend to take a year's holiday traveling around the world.有朝一日我有钱时,我要休假一年,周游世界.11：brighten英[ˈbraɪtn] 美[ˈbraɪtn]v. 照亮，使更艳丽；露出喜色；（眼睛）发亮；（使）变得乐观；放晴变形过去分词：brightened现在分词：brightening过去式：brightened第三人称单数：brightens双语例句1.Brighten up your bedroom with a few posters.挂几张印刷画让你的寝室亮丽生色.2.New research may brighten the currently dismal outlook for elderly patients acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ).新的研究也许会为目前老年AML 较为晦暗的治疗现状带来希望.3.Some fresh paint will brighten this place up.色彩鲜明的油漆可以把这个地方弄亮些.12：underestimate英[ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt , ˌʌndərˈestɪmət] 美[ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt , ˌʌndərˈestɪmət]vt. 低估；对…估计不足；看轻；把…的价值估计过低n. 低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视变形过去分词：underestimated现在分词：underestimating过去式：underestimated第三人称单数：underestimates双语例句1.We were underestimate the value of that cup.我们低估了杯子的价值.2.So giant user group, once produce individual privacy to divulge, its harm nots allow to underestimate.如此巨大的用户群体, 一旦发生个人隐私泄露, 其危害不容低估.3.We should not put undue stress on the conditions, but should not underestimate the condition either.我们不能过分强调条件, 但是也不能不讲条件.13：rub英[rʌb] 美[rʌb]v. 摩擦，涂抹；（使）加深痛苦；惹恼n. 抹；困难变形过去分词：rubbed现在分词：rubbing过去式：rubbed复数：rubs第三人称单数：rubs双语例句1.Don't rub your eyes.别揉眼睛.2.Don't let the wire rub up against the pipe.别让电线碰到管子上.3.Rub ointment onto the wasp sting.在黄蜂刺伤处涂些药膏.14：sculpture英[ˈskʌlptʃə(r)] 美[ˈskʌlptʃər]n. 雕刻作品；雕刻艺术变形形容词：sculptural过去分词：sculptured现在分词：sculpturing过去式：sculptured复数：sculptures第三人称单数：sculptures双语例句1.In the following Fourth National Fine arts Exhibition , more excellent sculpture works were presented to visitors.在相继的第四届全国美展中也涌现了不少优秀的雕塑作品.2.This experience transformed her completely; She transformed the clay into a beautiful sculpture.这次经历使她完全改变了; 她把粘土变成了美丽的雕刻品.3.The marble sculpture is a masterpiece.这大理石雕刻是件杰作.15：clay英[kleɪ] 美[kleɪ]n. 黏土，陶土变形复数：clays双语例句1.The boy moulded clay into balls.这男孩把黏土做成球.2.What a love of a clay doll!多么可爱的泥娃娃!3.Clay and wax are plastic substances.黏土和蜡是可塑性物质.。

阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解"When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someone be rude to another person. You don't even have to be the target of the had behavior," stated a researcher.The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to complete online surveys over a 10-day period. Participants recorded their moods when they woke up; and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day.Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half had some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language.Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.Consequently, one of the researchers recommended that companies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide plenty of positive reinforcement (强化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness.（1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show?A. The popularity of rudeness.B. A regular cause of rudeness.C. A new finding about rudeness.D. The common disadvantage of rudeness.（2）Why are the short videos played for the participants?A. To make them spread rudeness.B. To educate them on workplace interaction.C. To expose them to various aspects of rudeness.D. To teach them how to use right body languages.（3）What is the probable effect of watching the videos on some participants?A. Being unwilling to work.B. Poor ability to do their work.C. Serious emotional sufferings.D. Less interaction with others.（4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos?A.People positive and kind to themselves.B.People keeping calm in stressful situations.C.People owning confidence in others' ability.D.People participating in the rudeness experiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Gene technology to benefit peopleAmong all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.（1）What does "these two killers" in the second paragraph refer to?A. Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.B. The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.C. The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.D. Hereditary diseases and cancer.（2）What's the main idea of the third paragraph?A. How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.C. Gene technology can help people to give birth of a baby.D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.（3）In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?A. Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.B. Using gene technology, scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.C. Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.D. Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.（4）What is the main purpose of writing this passage?A. Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit peopleB. Telling people the advantages of gene technologyC. Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit peopleD. Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术的好处。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The term "smiling depression" —appearing happy to others while actually suffering depressive symptoms—has become increasingly popular. In fact, many people who experience a low mood and a loss of pleasure in activities manage to hide their condition in this way. And these people might be particularly easy to suicide.While smiling depression is not a technical term that psychologists use，it is certain to be depressed and manage to successfully mask the symptoms. The closest technical term for this condition is "atypical depression: It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don't have a reason to be sad —they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner. They smile when you greet them and can carry pleasant conversations. In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.People with smiling depression put on a happy face to the outside world, but they can experience a lift in their mood as a result of positive occurrences in their lives. Other symptoms of this condition include overeating, feeling a sense of heaviness in the arms and legs and being easily hurt by criticism or rejection. They are also more likely to feel depressed in the evening and feel the need to sleep longer than usual. With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.So how can they break this circle? A starting point needs to be known that this condition actually exists and that it's serious. Only when we stop ignoring our problems because we think they're not serious enough can we start making an actual difference. Then we can find purpose by taking the attention away from ourselves and placing it onto something else. Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning —and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.（1）What do we know about people suffering smiling depression?A. They are wearing masks all day.B. They are difficult to get along with.C. They lead an abnormal life actually.D. Most of them commit suicide.（2）What does the underlined word "atypical" in paragraph 2 mean?A. representativeB. commonC. hiddenD. formal（3）Compared with smiling depression, people suffering other depressions .A.may feel sleeplessB.feel more depressed in the eveningC.are tired of heaviness in the armsD.may eat more food（4）What can we do to overcome smiling depression?A.Never talk about smiling depression and ignore its existence.B.Admit the condition and pay attention to ourselves.C.Value the importance of our life and enjoy it.D.Find out the problem and place it onto somebody else.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“微笑抑郁”这个名字的来历，相关的症状，以及克服这种抑郁症的方法。

2020-2021最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate （培养） green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.While in college, I worked as an intern （实习生） at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed, I never thought twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, "the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time."（1）What can we learn about the author from the text?A. She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.B. She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.C. Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.D. Her performance during internship was highly praised in public.（2）Due to John W. Rogers' advice, the author ____ .A. learned to strike a balance between work and lifeB. contributed her ideas only after listening to others'C. no longer felt lost and became aware of her own valueD. switched to a different company to display her talent（3）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keep Your Attitude under Control.B. Encourage Your Employees to Grow.C. Let Your Success Be Your Noise.D. Live a Life with a High Goal.（4）Who would probably benefit most from this article?A. Company bosses.B. Those new to a job.C. Business consultants.D. Experienced teammates.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长John W. Rogers 深深地影响，John W. Rogers 鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为John W. Rogers作者也学习到"要有锋芒却不伤人”。

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________.A. people have unlimited self-controlB. high motivation ensures one's successC. willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD. too many temptations often lead to failure （2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase（3）The author compares self—control to muscles ________.A. to prove the long-term effect of willpowerB. to show the significance of regular exerciseC. to argue that self-control can he easily used upD. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A. "I will give up dessert and do exercise."B. "I will set three goals this new semester."C. "I will read an English novel every month."D. "I will keep myself from any temptation."【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（三十三）2020北京卷（D篇）Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some A I developers are now eager to change.Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “ful l” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence（A GI）. In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”.“If we're successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be “the last invention that man need ever make."Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression （敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, havingspoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:词块梳理1：indeed英[ɪnˈdiːd] 美[ɪnˈdiːd]adv. 确实；实际上；究竟双语例句1.This is indeed a serious matter.兹事体大.2.Indeed it isn't, true he has made it up.确实不是这样,他是在无中生有.3.There are many good deeds in our class, indeed in the wholeschool.我们班上好事很多, 甚至全校都是这样.2：ubiquitous英[juːˈbɪkwɪtəs] 美[juːˈbɪkwɪtəs]adj. 无所不在的；普遍存在的变形副词：ubiquitously名词：ubiquity双语例句1.The ubiquitous orange and white GSR & L vehicles were assembled on the road outside.橙白二色的金州公司车辆都停在外面的路上.2.Gestures are a natural and ubiquitous way to convey meaning in communication.中文摘要手势是自然且常见的表达方式.3.Test suites that are understandable only by their owners are ubiquitous.测试套件只有它们的作者才能理解是常见情况.3：financial英[faɪˈnænʃl] 美[faɪˈnænʃl]adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的变形副词：financially双语例句1.We freed him from his financial obligations.我们使他摆脱了经济上的责任.2.The treasurer was arrested for trying to manipulate the company's financial records.财务主管由于试图窜改公司财政帐目而被拘留.3.In running a company, strict financial management means everything.经营一家公司, 严格的财务管理是至关重要的.4：perceptive英[pəˈseptɪv] 美[pərˈseptɪv]adj. 有知觉力的；感知的；有理解力的变形副词：perceptively名词：perceptiveness双语例句1.This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价.2.Yet Wang is polite and perceptive, knowing his surroundings and how to react to praise.王建民是斯文有礼和感性的, 他了解他的周围的情况也知道如何应对赞美.3.Be responsible for verification for manufacturing engineering process and layout from EHS perceptive.负责查证和解决制造业的工艺流程和布局中可能涉及到的安全、健康及环保问题.5：specific英[spəˈsɪfɪk] 美[spəˈsɪfɪk]adj. 明确的；独特的变形比较级：more specific最高级：most specific:双语例句1.We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question.对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析.2.What's the specific time of his arrival?他确切的到达时间是几点钟?3.Will you be specific?请讲清楚些,好吗?6：eager英[ˈiːɡə(r)] 美[ˈiːɡər]adj. 热切的；盼望的变形副词：eagerly名词：eagerness:双语例句1.He was eager to match his knowledge against mine.他很想和我比比,看谁的知识更丰富.2.The eager children mobbed the candy man the moment he appeared.卖糖果的人刚出现,急切的孩子们便把他包围了.3.He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school.他一个多星期没有到学校,回校之心甚切.7：pioneers英[ˌpaɪəˈnɪəs] 美[ ,paɪə'nɪr]n. 拓荒者( pioneer的名词复数)；开发者；先驱者；创始者:双语例句1.The Leicester Swannington Railway is numbered among Britain's railway pioneers.莱斯特—斯旺宁顿铁路被看作是英国最早的铁路之一。

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（二十三）2020山东卷（B篇）Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and be came the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family —and that’s pretty powerful.词块梳理1：pursuevt. 从事；追赶；继续；纠缠vi. 追赶；继续进行时态: pursued, pursuing, pursues形容词: pursuable名词: pursuer近义词：[v.] act, move, travel, go, locomote, search, seek词组| 习惯用语pursue after v. 追赶2：goal1.n. 目标；终点；球门，得分数2.vi. 攻门，射门得分词组｜习惯用语goals n. 目标，[心理] 目的；进球，射中次数primary goal 首要目标goal drought 进球荒；入球荒no goal 投中无效goal line 球门线set goals 设定目标outcome goal 结果性目标company goals 公司目标organizational goals 组织目标goal programming 目标规划；[计] 目标程序设计3：earnvt. 获得，挣得；赚，赚得；博得；使得到时态: earned, earning, earns名词: earner近义词：[v.] get, acquire解析：acquire: 强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。