腹部触诊---Palpation of the Abdomen
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产科四步触诊的方法和内容
产科四步触诊是指产科医生在进行孕妇产前检查时进行的一种重要的体格检查方法,通过手触摸来了解胎儿的位置、胎位、胎心率等信息。
这个过程通常包括以下四个步骤:
1. 腹部触诊(Abdominal Palpation):
-目的:了解胎儿的位置和胎位。
-方法:医生通过手在孕妇的腹部轻柔触摸,感受胎儿的位置、大小、硬度等。
-内容:包括测定胎头或臀部的位置,判断是否为头位、臀位或横位。
2. 胎位触诊(Fetal Presentation Palpation):
-目的:确认胎儿的头位或臀位。
-方法:通过触摸,确定胎儿头部或臀部的位置。
-内容:确定胎儿是头位还是臀位,以及胎头的方向。
3. 胎方位触诊(Fetal Lie Palpation):
-目的:确定胎儿的长轴方向。
-方法:通过触摸,判断胎儿的头朝向,即是面朝上还是面朝下。
-内容:判断胎儿是处于纵位(头朝下)还是横位(头朝侧)。
4. 胎心触诊(Fetal Heart Palpation):
-目的:评估胎心率。
-方法:通过手触摸孕妇的腹部,听取或感受胎心的跳动。
-内容:测量胎心率,正常情况下胎心率在特定范围内。
这些触诊步骤是产前检查中的重要组成部分,可以帮助医生了解胎儿的位置、姿势、发育情况以及胎心的正常性,从而及时发现和处理可能的问题,确保母婴的健康。
这些检查通常在孕中期和晚期进行,但医生可能会根据具体情况决定何时进行触诊。
英文病例范文(中英文版)English Sample Medical Case:John Doe, a 35-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe abdominal pain. The pain started suddenly two hours prior to his arrival and was described as sharp and radiating to his back. Upon examination, his vital signs were stable, but he appeared pale and diaphoretic. The abdomen was tender to palpation, particularly in the upper right quadrant. Laboratory investigations revealed an elevated white blood cell count and increased liver function tests. A diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was suspected, and an ultrasound was ordered to confirm the presence of gallstones.张三,35岁男性,因剧烈腹痛到急诊科就诊。
疼痛在就诊前两小时突然开始,表现为尖锐并向背部放射。
检查时,他的生命体征稳定,但面色苍白且出汗。
腹部触诊时,尤其右上象限区域明显疼痛。
实验室检查显示白细胞计数升高和肝功能测试异常。
肝脏触诊操作流程及评分标准英文回答:Liver palpation is a physical examination technique used to assess the size, texture, and tenderness of the liver. It is an important tool in diagnosing liver diseases and can provide valuable information about the overall health of the liver. The procedure involves applying pressure with the fingertips or the palm of the hand to different areas of the abdomen to feel for the liver edge.The liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, just below the rib cage. To perform liver palpation, the patient should lie flat on their back with their arms by their sides. The examiner should stand on the right side of the patient and place their left hand behind the patient's back to support and stabilize the body. With their right hand, the examiner should start palpating in the right lower quadrant and move upwards towards the costal margin, feeling for the liver edge.During palpation, the examiner should assess the size, shape, and consistency of the liver. A normal liver is usually not palpable, but in some cases, such as hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) or liver disease, the liver may be felt below the rib cage. The liver edge should be smooth and firm, without any irregularities. Tenderness or pain upon palpation may indicate inflammation or infection of the liver.In addition to palpation, other diagnostic methods such as imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI) and blood tests (liver function tests, viral hepatitis markers) are often used to evaluate liver health and diagnose specific liver conditions.Liver palpation can be graded using different scoring systems, such as the scratch test or the hooking maneuver. These scoring systems assess the ease of liver palpation and the distance from the costal margin to the liver edge. For example, in the scratch test, the examiner uses their fingernail to gently scratch the skin overlying the liveredge. The distance between the scratch mark and the costal margin is then measured. A shorter distance indicates a deeper liver edge and may suggest hepatomegaly.Overall, liver palpation is a valuable clinical tool to assess liver health and diagnose liver diseases. It is a non-invasive and relatively simple procedure that can provide important information about the liver's size, texture, and tenderness.中文回答:肝脏触诊是一种用于评估肝脏大小、质地和压痛的体格检查技术。
中医的望闻问切英文术语中医的望、闻、问、切是诊断疾病的基本方法,可以通过观察、听闻、询问、触摸病人来确定疾病的性质和病情。
以下是望、闻、问、切的英文术语及其简要解释:1. 望(wàng):Observation望指通过观察病人的外表、面色、神情、舌苔、舌质等来诊断疾病。
因此,英文中对于“望”的术语常用observation或inspection来表示。
例如:- Observation of the tongue and its coating 舌象观察- Facial observation 面部观察- Observation of the skin and hair 皮肤和头发观察2. 闻(wén):Olfaction闻指通过闻病人的口臭、汗臭及大便、尿臭等来诊断疾病。
因此,英文中对于“闻”的术语常用olfaction来表示。
例如:- Olfactory examination of the stool 大便气味的嗅觉检查- Odor of sweat 汗臭味- Smell of urine 尿液气味3. 问(wèn):Inquiry问指通过询问病人的病史、症状及体感来诊断疾病。
因此,英文中对于“问”的术语常用inquiry或interrogation来表示。
例如:- Inquiry of physical conditions 身体状况询问- Interrogation about symptoms 症状询问- Inquiry of medical history 医疗史询问4. 切(qiè):Palpation切指通过触摸病人的身体或特定部位来了解疾病的性质和病情。
因此,英文中对于“切”的术语常用palpation来表示。
例如:- Palpation of the pulse 脉搏触诊- Palpation of the abdomen 腹部触诊- Palpation of the meridians 经脉触诊总之,中医的望、闻、问、切是一种基于直觉和经验的综合诊断方法,通过观察、听闻、询问和触摸来确定疾病的性质和病情。
医学好东西腹部检查(三)—触诊触诊是腹部检查的主要方法,对腹部体征的认知和疾病的诊断有重要作用。
有些体征如腹膜刺激征、腹部包块、脏器肿大等主要靠触诊发现。
一、腹部触诊检查要点1.根据检查目的不同,嘱被检查者采取不同体位。
若取仰卧位检查时,头垫低枕,两手自然放于躯干两侧,两下肢屈曲并稍分开,平静状态下做腹式呼吸,以放松腹肌,并使膈下脏器上下移动;检查肝、脾时,可分别采用向左、向右侧卧位;检查肾时可用坐位或立位;检查腹部肿瘤时可用肘膝位。
腹部触诊体位2.检查者站在被检查者右侧,前臂应与腹部表面在同一水平。
检查时手要温暖,动作要轻柔,先行腹部浅表触诊,以全手掌放于腹壁上部,使患者适应片刻,并感受腹肌紧张度。
3.检查顺序,作为常规,自左下腹开始逆时针方向触诊腹的各部。
腹部触诊顺序4.若病人有腹痛,应先触诊未诉病痛的部位,逐渐移向病痛部位,以免造成患者感受的错觉。
边触诊边观察被检查者的反应与表情,对精神紧张或有痛苦者给以安慰和解释。
亦可边触诊边与患者交谈,转移其注意力而减少腹肌紧张,顺利完成检查。
5.合理应用不同触诊法。
如浅部触诊法,目的在于检查腹壁的紧张度、抵抗感、表浅的压痛、包块、搏动和腹壁上的肿物(皮下脂肪瘤、结节)等。
为了解腹腔内脏器情况、检查压痛、反跳痛和肿物时,需要用深部触诊法,包括脏器触诊、深压、滑动、浮沉(冲击)触诊法。
有时还要用双手触诊(双合诊)感知脾、肾、子宫等脏器。
浅部触诊法二、腹部触诊内容主要包括腹壁紧张度、有无压痛和反跳痛、腹部包块、液波震颤及肝脾等腹内脏器情况等号。
分述如下:(一)腹壁紧张度(abdominal wall tensity)指触诊腹部时腹肌的紧张程度。
是根据腹肌抵抗感来确定的。
正常人腹壁有一定张力,但触之柔软,较易压陷,称腹壁柔软。
有些人,尤其是儿童因不习惯触摸或怕痒而发笑,致腹肌自主性痉挛,称肌卫增强。
在适当诱导或转移注意力后可消失,此属正常情况。
某些病理情况可使全腹或局部紧张度增加、减弱或消失。