医学微生物学 第15版Medical microbiology英文影印版思维导图

英文原版教材（国内影印版）书目教材中英文名称主编国内出版社适用专业国内出版年月定价法学类保险法Insurance 1aw★Dobbyn 法律出版社法学1999产品责任法（美国法精要系列）Products Liability★JeIly J.Phillips 法律出版社法学1999 ￥17.50公司法（美国法精要系列）Robert W.Hamilton 法律出版社法学已出版￥28.50 合同法（美国法精要系列）Contracts★Rohwer，Schaber 法律出版社法学1999 ￥23.50 家庭法（美国法精要系列）Harry D.Krause 法律出版社法学己出版￥25.00联邦证据法（美国法精要系列）Michael HGraham 法律出版社法学已出版￥25.50 侵权法（美国法精要系列）Torts★Edward J.Kionka 法律出版社法学1999 ￥21.50 宪法公民权（美国法精要系列）Norman V ieira 法律出版社法学己出版￥17.50 刑事程序法（美国法精要系列）Jerold H.Israel 法律出版社法学己出版￥24.50 证券管理法（美国法精要系列）David L.Ratner 法律出版社法学已出版￥18.00不动产（第三版）[美]贝哈安特中国人民大学法学2002.04 ￥39.00 反垄断法律与经济Antitrust lawand Economy cs,4ed★[美]E·吉尔霍恩中国人民大学法学2001.12 ￥39.00公司法（影印注释本）The Lawof Corporations，4ed★[美]R.Hamilton 中国人民大学法学、管理类2001.01 ￥45.00国际商事交易（第五版，影印注释本）[美]R.H.佛罗森中国人民大学法学2001.01 ￥36.00 生物类动物生物学Instant Notes inAnimal Biology▲英Richaed D.Jurel 科学出版社2000.04 ￥38.00发育生物学Instant Notes inDevelopmental Biology R.M.Twyman 科学出版社生物类2002.05 ￥50.00分子生物学Instant Notes inMolecular Biology 英国P.C.Turner 科学出版社医学1999.03 ￥39.00分子主物学Molecular Biology （研）Robert F.Weaver科学出版社生物类2000.08￥77.00分子生物学精要Essentials of Molecular Biology ，3rd ed. G .M.Malacinski 科学出版社 2002.07 ￥66.00哈伯生物化学Harpcr'sBiochemistry美Robert K.Murray 科学出版社2001.01 ￥118.00进化生物学Evolution,3rd ed. MonroeW.Strickberger 科学出版社 2002.04 ￥78.00 免疫学Instant Notes in Immunology▲英国R.M.Lydrard科学出版社 2000.03 ￥40.00 神经科学Instant Notes inNeuroscience英国A. Longstaff 科学出版社2000.11￥56.00生态学：概念与应用Ecology ：Concepts and Application （研） M.C. Molles科学出版社 2001.07 ￥50.00 生态学Instant Notes inEcology▲英国A.Machenzie 科学出版社 1999.03 ￥43.00 生物化学Instant Notes in Biochemistry▲英国B.D.Hames科学出版社1999.03￥48.00生物化学导论Biochemistry ：An Introduction （第二版）（研） Trudy McKee ，James R.McKee 科学出版社 2000.09 ￥62.00 生物技术导论BasicBiotechnology Colin Ratledge 科学出版社 2002.04 ￥55.00 生物学中的化学Instant Notes in Chemistry for biologist ▲ 英国J ．FiSher科学出版社 1999.08 ￥38.00 微生物学Instant Notes inMic robiology▲英国J.Nicklin 科学出版社 1999.04 ￥45.00 无机化学Instant Notes in Inorganic Chemistry 英国P .A.Cox科学出版社 2000.10 ￥38.00 物理化学Instant Notes inPhysical ChemistryA.G .Whittaker科学出版社2001.02￥38.00遗传学--基因与基因组分析Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes ，5th ed. Daniel L.Hartl Elizabeth W.Jones 科学出版社 生物类 2002.04 ￥88.00 有机化学Instant Notes in OrganicChemistry▲英国G .Patrick 科学出版社2000.09￥40.00植物生物学Instant Notes in Plant Biology ck and D. Evans 科学出版社2002.05 ￥42.00 分子生物学导论Peter Paolella清华大学出版社2002.02￥38.00酵母遗传实验方法：冷泉港实验课手册D.Burke清华大学出版社2002.01￥26.00生态学：原理与应用Ecology ：Principles and Applications （第二版） J ．L.Chapman 清华大学出版社 2001.09 ￥35.00 生物统计学导论Glover ＆Mitchell清华大学出版社 2001.10 ￥38.00 生物序列分析，蛋白质和核酸的概率论模型 R.Durbin清华大学出版社2002.01￥38.00营养学：概念与争论（第八版） Frances sizer Eleanor Whitney 清华大学出版 2001.11 ￥68.00 真核生物转录调控概念、策略和方法 Michael Carey 清华大学出版社 2002.01 ￥68.00医学类埃伦堡-里弗金斯糖尿病学（5版研）美Daniel Porte科学出版社 医学 2000.09 ￥230.00艾弗里新生儿病学第7版（研） 美H.W.Taeusch 科学出版社医学 2001.03 ￥269.00安德鲁斯皮肤病学An drews’ Diseases of the Skin （第9版）（研） 美国加州大学Richard B.Odom 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥228.00 病毒性肝炎Virus Hepatitis ，2E （研） Arie J.Zuckerman 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥131.00 病理学Pathology 英Jones ，B.J.科学出版社医学 2001.12 ￥49.00 病史与查体History andExamination英James March 科学出版社 医学 2001.10 ￥39.00 代谢与营养Metabolism and Nutrition英Sarah Benyon科学出版社 医学 2001.11￥39.00戴维森内科学Davidson'sPrinciples and Practice of Medicine(18ed)（研） 英国爱丁堡大学 Christopher Haslett 科学出版社 医学 2002.03 ￥186.00 儿科学Paediatrics英Christine Budd科学出版社医学 2002.04￥42.00骨科与创伤学基础Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma （第3版）英Dandy D.J 科学出版社 医学 2001.11 ￥86.00 呼吸系统Respiratory System英Angus Jefferies科学出版社 医学 2001.10 ￥39.00 肌肉骨骼系统MusculoskeletalSystem英Sona V . Biswas 科学出版社医学 2001.01￥29.00脊柱外科手术学Operative Spine Surgery （研）美国匹兹堡大学William C.Welch科学出版社 医学 2000.06 ￥59.00解剖学Anatomy艾米罗利飞利浦 科学出版社 医学 2000.06 ￥29.00临床肿瘤学（第二版，上下册）Clinical Oncology （研） 阿贝洛夫【美］ 科学出版社 医学 1999.09 ￥548.00 麻醉学（第3版）Anesthesia 英Ailkenhead 科学出版社 医学 2001.02 ￥98.00 免疫、血液及淋巴系统 英Saimah Arif 科学出版社 医学 1999.03 ￥29.00 内分泌及生殖系统 Madeleine Debuse 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥39.00 内科学Internal Medicine 英 霍夫曼 科学出版社 医学 2001.10 ￥49.90 神经病学Neurology Bahra科学出版社 医学 2001.12￥34.00神经介入放射学（研） 美J ．J ．Onnors 科学出版社医学 2001.08 ￥199.00 神经系统及特殊感觉 英DanielLasserSon科学出版社医学 2002.02 ￥39.00 神经系统急症（研）美Julio Cruz科学出版社医学 2001.12￥98.00肾及泌尿系统Renal and Urinary Systems英Nisha Mirpuri ，Pratiksha Patel科学出版社 医学 2001.03￥29.00肾脏病学第6版（上下册）（研） Barry M.Brenner 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥480.00 生理医学Physiological Medicine 美V .R.Lingappa 科学出版社医学 2001.11 ￥165.00 生殖内分泌学（第4版）美Samuel S ．C.Y en 科学出版社医学 2001.12 ￥166.00生殖内分泌学Reproductive Endocrinology （第四版） 美国加州大学Samuel.S ．C.Y en 科学出版社 医学 2000.08 ￥166.00实用血管外科学Practical V ascular Surgery美芝加哥西北大学James S.T.Y ao科学出版社医学 2000.09 ￥95.00史密斯普通泌尿外科学Smith's General Urology （第15版） 美国加州大学Enil A.Tanagho 科学出版社 医学 2001.03 ￥138.00 疼痛学Textbook of Pain （4版，研） 英Patrick DWall 科学出版社医学 2001.04 ￥250.00透析与移植Dialysis and Transplantation(研)美willamF ．Owen,MohamedH.Sayegh科学出版社医学 2001.01￥98.00外科学Surgery英Helen SweetlandJames Cook科学出版社医学 2002.04￥39.00威廉姆斯产科学（第21版）Williams Obstetrics （研） 美Cunningham.F.G 科学出版社医学 2002.04 ￥299.00威廉姆斯内分泌学第9版（研） Jean D.Wilson 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥298.00胃肠病学上、下册Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease （研〕 施莱辛格-福德特兰 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥448.00 胃肠病学Gastroenterology英EmmaLam科学出版社 医学 2001.10 ￥39.00 胃肠系统Gastrointestinal System 英Cheshire.E科学出版社医学 2001.11￥28.00系统病理学General and Systematic Pathology(第25版) 英国Sheffield 大学 J.C.E.Underwood 科学出版社 医学 2002.03 ￥120.00细胞生物学与遗传学Cell Biology and Genetics英Emma Jones,Anna Morris科学出版社 医学 2002.04 ￥29.00 心血管系统Cardiovascular System Sunthareswaran 科学出版社 医学 2001.11 ￥29.00 心脏病学Cardiology英Anjana Siva科学出版社医学 2001.10￥35.00胸外科学第6版（上下册）DavidC.SabinstonFrank C.Spencer科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥398.00 血液病学第三版Hematology （研） 美Ronald Hoffman 科学出版社 医学 2001.01 ￥488.00 亚当斯一维克托神经病学第七版（研）美Maurice Victor科学出版社医学 2000.06 ￥279.00 医学分子生物学Molecular Biology in Medicine 英国剑桥大学T.M.Cox 科学出版社 医学 2000.06 ￥55.00 医学微生物学Medical Microbiology （第15版） 英国诺丁汉大学D.Greenwood 科学出版社 医学 1999.09￥88.00医学微主物学与免疫学Medical Microbiology and Immunology ，5E 加利福利亚大学Warren Levinson 科学出版社 医学 2001.02 ￥60.00 遗传学Instant Notes in Genetics▲ 英国P .C.Winter 科学出版社医学 1999.03￥45.00重症监护学Textbook of Critical Care （第4版）（研）美国南加州大学W.C.Shoemaker 科学出版社 2001.01 ￥398.00癌症医学 AmericanCancerSociety 人民卫生出版社 医学 2001.10 ￥450.00分子神经药理学 E.S.Nerstl 人民卫生出版社 医学 2001.12 ￥126.00 归产科学--原理与实践Fremk.W.Ling人民卫生出版社 医学 2001.08 ￥360.00骨科基础科学骨关节肌肉系统生物学和生物力学Joseph A Buckwalter 人民卫生出版社医学2002.02 ￥108.00化学，有机化学，生物化学Benuiston 人民卫生出版社医学2001.12 ￥298.00 基础与临床内分泌学Greenspan 人民卫生出版社医学2001.03 ￥116.00 基础与临床药理学Bertram＆Katzang 人民卫生出版社医学2001.01 ￥157.00 精神病学概要W.F.Ganong 人民卫生出版社医学2001.11 ￥79.00 临床清理生理学S.J．Mcphe 人民卫生出版社医学2001.12 ￥88.00 临床神经病学Roger.P 人民卫生出版社医学2000.08 ￥77.00 人类生物学S.S.Mader 人民卫生出版社医学2001.12 ￥299.00 神经解剖学纲要S.G.Waxman 人民卫生出版社医学2001.11 ￥55.00 现代儿科疾病诊断与治疗William W.Hay 人民卫生出版社医学2001.01 ￥162.00 现代感染疾病诊断与治疗W.R.Wilson 人民卫生出版社医学2001.11 ￥128.00 心血管疾病分子生物学Kenneth R.Chier 人民卫生出版社医学2002.04 ￥180.00 眼科学总论 D.V aughan 人民卫生出版社医学2001.12 ￥102.00 医学流行病学R.S.Greenberg 人民卫生出版社医学2002.01 ￥35.50 医学微生物学G.F.Ganorg 人民卫生出版社医学2001.11 ￥92.00医用生理学概要W.F.Ganorg 人民卫生出版社医学2001.11 ￥113.00 电气信息类射频电路设计（第3版）(美)Joscph J.Carr 电子工业出版社通信2002.03 ￥38.00 数字调制与编码图书策划开发部电子工业出版社通信2001.07 ￥39.00 数字通信（第4版）[美]John G.Proakis 电子工业出版社通信2002.04 ￥59.00无线通信原理与应用▲Theodore S.Raooap 电子工业出版社通信2001.06 ￥35.00 电子商务一管理视角ElectronicCommerce：A ManagerialPerspective Efraim Turban 高等教育出版社经济、管理2001.05 ￥33.00管理信息系统--网络化企业的组织与技术（6版，研〕Management Information System ：Organization and Technology in the Networked Enterpriseudon高等教育出版社2001.05 ￥39.00 计算机科学引论（附光盘〕（美）T.J.O'ary 高等教育出版社2000.07￥32.00计算机算法--设计与分析导论Computer Algorithms: Introduction to Design and Analysis,3ESara B aase高等教育出版社2001.07￥39.50计算机网络一自顶向下方法与Internet 特色ComputerNetworking: A Top-down Approach Featuring the Internet JamesF .Kurose 高等教育出版社2001.07￥37.00计算机组织与结构一性能设计（5版）Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performancewllliam Stallings高等教育出版社 计算机2001.07￥39.00离散数学结构（第4版）Discrete Mathematical StructuresBernad Kolman高等教育出版社2001.07￥29.50软件工程一理论与实践（第二版）Software Engineering: Theory and Practice Shari LawrencePfleeger 高等教育出版社2001.07 ￥35.00 实用操作系统概念AppliedOperating System Concepts Abrahan Silberschatz 高等教育出版社 2001.05￥45.00数据结构与程序设计一C++语言描述Date Structures and ProgramDesign in C++ RobetL.Kruse 高等教育出版社2001.05 ￥29.00数据库一原理、编程与性能Database：Principles,Programming and Performance2E Patrick O'Neil 高等教育出版社2001.05 ￥49.50数据挖掘·概念和技术DataMining ：Concepts and TechniquesJiawei Han高等教育出版社 2001.05 ￥35.00数据与计算机通信（第六版〕Data and Computer Communications William Stallings 高等教育出版社 2001.05 ￥46.00 数值分析（第7版）NumericalAnalysisRichard L.Burden高等教育出版社2001.07￥48.00数字设计一原理与实践（第三版〕Digital Design: Principles and Practices John F .Hutchinson 高等教育出版社2001.05￥49.50网络管理一原理与实践NetworkManagement Principles and Practice Mani Subramanian 高等教育出版社2001.07￥38.00系统分析与设计方法（第五版）System Analysis andDesignMethods （研） Jeffrey L.Whitten高等教育出版社 2001.04 ￥43.00信息技术与应用导论Computers,Communications, andInformation,7ESarah E.Hutchinson 高等教育出版社 信息管理 2001.04￥33.00并行计算机体系结构Parallel Computer Architecture 2E (美)David E.CullerJaswinde 机械工业出版社 ￥88.00计算机体系结构量化研究方法Computer Architecture--A quantitative Approach 2E David A.Patterson&John L.Hennessy 机械工业出版社 ￥88.00计算机组织与设计：硬件／软件接口ComputerOrganization&Design,2E John L.Hennessy机械工业出版社 ￥80.00 A TM 网互通技术InternetWorking with A TM Uyless Black 清华大学出版社 1999 ￥13.80 A TM 网络规划与管理Planning and Managing A TM NetworkDan Minoli清华大学出版社 1998 ￥17.00 C++程序设计：程序设计和面向对象设计人门（第三版） James P .Cohoon 清华大学出版社 2001.11 ￥76.00 C++程序设计（第2版）Programming in C++Nell Dale清华大学出版社2001.05￥41.00C++程序设计语言（特别版）The C++ Programming LanguageBjarne Structure清华大学出版社2001.07￥55.00c 程序设计语言（第2版）The C Programming Language BrianW.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchie 清华大学出版社 1999.07 ￥23.00 C 程序设计语言习题解答（第二版）Clovis L. Tondo清华大学出版社 2001.12 ￥12.00 C 的应用：入门和提高Applied C: An Introduction and MoreAlice E. Fischer清华大学出版社2001.06￥79.80IBM PC 汇编语言与程序设计IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming,4EPeter Abel清华大学出版社1999.08￥30.00Inter 微机处理器—从8086到Pentium 系列体系结构、编程与接口技术The Intel Microprocessors, 5EBarry B. Brey清华大学出版社2001.7￥49.00IP 与A TM 网络中的QoS 和业务量管理QoS& Traffic Management in IP & A TM NetworksDavid McDysan清华大学出版社 2001.12 ￥46.00 Jave 面向对象程序设计（第2版） C.Thomas Wu 清华大学出版社2001.10￥72.00TCP/IP 网络互联技术（3）客户服务器编程应用BSD 套接字版Client-Server Programming and Applications(第2版） Douglas er 清华大学出版社 2000.04 ￥32.00TCP/IP 网络互联技术（3）客户服务器编程应用Windows 套接字版Client-Server Programming and Applications,3E Douglas er 清华大学出版社 1999.11 ￥30.00TCP/IP 网络互联技术（1）原理，协议和体系结构Principles, Protocols and Architecture, 3EDouglas er清华大学出版社 2002.02 ￥30.00TCP/IP 网络互联技术（2）设计与实现Design, Implementation andInternals Douglas er 清华大学出版社 2002.02 ￥30.00 TCP/IP 协议族TCP/IP ProtocolSuite Behrouz A. 清华大学出版社2000.12 ￥69.00 UNIX 网络编程（卷一）（第二版）UNIX Network ProgrammingW. Richard Stevens 清华大学出版社1999.10 ￥43.00 XDSL 体系结构XDSL Architecture Padmanand Warrier 清华大学出版社 2000.12￥48.00操作系统：设计及实现（第2版，配光盘）Operating Systems Design and ImplementationAndrew S.Tanenbaum清华大学出版社1998.07 ￥69.00操作系统：设计及实现（第2版，配光盘）Operating Systems Design and ImplementationWillam Stallings清华大学出版社 1998.05 ￥35.00程序设计语言设计与实现Programming Language Design and Implementation, 3E Terrence W .Pratt 清华大学出版社1998.08 ￥32.00电磁学及其应用（第5版）Programming Language Design and Implementation, 3EJohn D.Kraus,Daniel A. Fleisch清华大学出版社 2001.08 ￥58.00 电力电子系统——理论与设计 Jai P . Agrawal 清华大学出版社 2001.09 ￥55.00 电路基础（配光盘）C. K. Alexander清华大学出版社2001.01￥88.00电子电路分析与设计（配光盘） Donald A. Neamen 清华大学出版社 2001.3 ￥99.80动态系统的数字控制Digital Control of Dynamic Systems （第3版） Gene F. Franklin 清华大学出版社 2001.09 ￥59.00 多媒体技术：计算、通信和应用 Ralf Steinmetz 清华大学出版社 2000.12 ￥52.00 仿真建模与分析第3版（美）Law, A.M.清华大学出版社 2000.12 ￥65.00 分布式操作系统Distributed Operating Systems Andrew S.Tanenbaum 清华大学出版社1998.10 ￥30.00 管理动态 IP 网络 Managing Dynamic IP NetworksPaul T.Ammann清华大学出版社 2000.12 ￥46.00 计算机控制系统——理论与设计（3版） Karl J.Astrom 清华大学出版社 2001.12 ￥49.00 计算机图形学C 语言版（第2版）Computer GraphicsDorald Hearn清华大学出版社 1998.05 ￥68.00 计算机网络Computer Networks 3E ▲A.S. Tanenbaum清华大学出版社2000.08 ￥45.00 计算机网络与因特网（第3版） Douglas er 清华大学出版社 2002.03 ￥62.00 计算机系统体系结构Computer System Architecture, 3th Ed. M. Morris Mano 清华大学出版社 1998.06 ￥28.00 计算机组成与结构（第3版）John P .Hayes 清华大学出版社2001.10￥49.00计算机组织与结构：性能设计（第4版）Computer Organization and Architecture: DesigningforPerformanceWillam Stallings清华大学出版社1999.08￥43.00计算理论基础（第2版）Elements of the theory of computation Harry R. Lewis清华大学出版社 1999.10 ￥19.00 交换式局域网Switched LANs John J. Roese清华大学出版社2000.02￥40.00科学计算导论ScientificComputing: An Introductory Survey, 2E(数学类） Micharel T. Heath 清华大学出版社 2001.10 ￥55.00 控制系统设计Control System DesignGraham C. Goodwin 清华大学出版社 2001.12￥68.00宽带网络技术基础A TM:Foundation forBroadbandNetworksUyless Black清华大学出版社 1998 ￥22.00 宽带网络信令A TM: Signaling in Broadband NetworksUyless Black清华大学出版社 1998 ￥12.00 宽带网络性能分析Broadband Integrated Networks Mischa Schwartz清华大学出版社1998￥19.80离散数学结构（第3版）DiscreteMathematical Structures Bernard Kolman 清华大学出版社1999.12 ￥32.00 面向对象软件构造（第2版）Object-Oriented SoftwareConstruction Bernard Meyer 清华大学出版社1999.10 ￥96.00 面向对象系统分析与设计Object-Oriented Systems Analysisand Design R.J. Norman 清华大学出版社1999.10 ￥23.00 模糊控制Fuzzy Control Kevin M. Passino 清华大学出版社2001.11 ￥47.50 千兆以太网Gigabit EthernetNetworking David G. William 清华大学出版社2000.01 ￥49.00 软件体系结构SoftwareArchitecture Mary Shaw 清华大学出版社1999.10 ￥15.00 神经网络的综合基础（第2版）Simon Haykin 清华大学出版社2001.10 ￥78.00 实时系统Real-time Systems C. M. Krishna 清华大学出版社2001.09 ￥39.00 事务数据通信（第3版）BusinessData Communications William Stallings清华大学出版社1999.04 ￥30.00 数据结构C++语言描述William Ford 清华大学出版社1999.05 ￥54.00 数据结构Java 描述Duane A. Bailey 清华大学出版社1999.08 ￥32.00 数据结构与程序设计C语言描述（第二版）Robert L.Kruse 清华大学出版社1999.05 ￥32.00 数据库管理系统（第2版）Raghu Ramakrishnan 清华大学出版社1999.07 ￥76.00 数据库系统基础教程▲Jeffrey D. Ullman 清华大学出版社1999.10 ￥23.00 数据通信与网络技术（第5版）William Stallings清华大学出版社1998.07 ￥40.00 数据通信与网络技术（第2版）Behroz A. Forouzan 清华大学出版社2001.04 ￥78.00 数字集成电路设计透视Jan M. Rabaey 清华大学出版社1999.07 ￥36.00 数字逻辑电路分析与设计DigitalLogic Circuit Analysis & Design Victor P. Nelsom 清华大学出版社1999.05 ￥69.00 数字视频处理Digital VideoProcessing A. Murat Tekalp 清华大学出版社1998.07 ￥27.00 数字图象处理Digital ImageProcessing K. R. Castleman 清华大学出版社1999.08 ￥32.00 数字信号处理——基于计算机的方法Digital Signal Processing(第2版) Sanjit K. Mitra 清华大学出版社2001.09 ￥59.00 数字与模拟通信系统Digital andAnalog Communication Systems,5ed Leon W. Couch 清华大学出版社1999.07 ￥36.00 网络设计与个案分析NetworkDesign and Case Studies Cisco Systems 清华大学出版社1998.09 ￥75.00 系统辨识——使用者理论Systemsidentification-Theory for the user,2ed Lennart Ljung 清华大学出版社2001.01 ￥50.00系统程序设计和操作系统Systems Programming andOperatingSystems D.M. Dhamdhere清华大学出版社2001.05￥56.00现代通信最新技术（第2版）EmergingCommunicationsTechnologies, 2E. Uyless Black 清华大学出版社 2001.10 ￥26.00 线性控制系统分析与设计第4版 （美）Dazzo, J.J. 清华大学出版社 200.12 ￥65.00 线性控制系统工程 （美）Driels, M. 清华大学出版社 200.12 ￥54.00 新因特网协议IPv6（第2版）IPv6 The New Internet Protocol Christian Huitema 清华大学出版社 1999.12 ￥14.00 信号处理导论Introduction to Signal Processing Orfanidis S.J. 清华大学出版社 1999.07 ￥39.00 信号与系统Signals & Systems 2ndEdOppenheimA.V . 清华大学出版社 1999.06 ￥44.00 虚拟局域网Virtual LANs Marina Smith 清华大学出版社 200.02 ￥40.00 移动IP （MOBILE IP ）James D. Solomon清华大学出版社2001.05 ￥36.00 因特网与万维网基本原理与技术 Raymond Greenlaw 清华大学出版社2000.11￥49.00用于面向对象系统开发的使用实例图UseCaseMapsforObject-Oriented SystemR.J.A.Buhr清华大学出版社 1999.08 ￥20.00 语音识别基本原理Fundamentalsof Speech Recognition Lawrence Rabiner 清华大学出版社1999.10￥41.00TCP/IP 网络互连（1）：原理协议和体系结构Internetworking with TCP/IP , V ol.1 Douglas E. Comer,David L. Stevens 人民邮电出版社 2002.01 ￥70.00TCP/IP 网络互连（1）：原理协议和体系结构Internetworking with TCP/IP , V ol.3 Douglas E. Comer,David L. Stevens 人民邮电出版社 2002.01 ￥57.00 编译原理技术与工具Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools Alfred V . Aho Ravi 人民邮电出版社2002.02￥63.00多媒体技术：计算、通信和应用Multimedia: Computing,Communications, and Applications Ralf Steinmetz 人民邮电出版社2002.01 ￥68.00计算机科学概论（第六版）Computer Science: An Overview,6th Ed. J. Glenn Brookshear 人民邮电出版社 2002.01 ￥49.00计算机系统组成与体系结构Computer Systems Organization & ArchitectureJohn D. Carpinelli人民邮电出版社 2002.01 ￥48.00人工智能：一种现代方法Artificial Intelligence: A Modern ApproachStuart J. Russell人民邮电出版社2002.04￥75.00数据结构的C++伪码实现DataStructures: A Pseudocode ApproachWith C++ Richard F. Gillberg 人民邮电出版社2002.01 ￥55.00 图像处理、分析与机器视觉ImageProcessing: Analysis and MachineVision, 2E Milan Sonka V aclav 人民邮电出版社2002.01 ￥67.00 经济管理类经济学Economics★Paul A. samuelson 北京华章图文信息有限公司经济学、工商管理类1998经济学原理Principles ofEconomics★N. Gregory Mankiw 北京华章图文信息有限公司经济学、工商管理类1998发展经济学DevelopmentEconomics★Pari Kasliwal 东北财大出版社经济学类1998.05 ￥38.00宏观经济学Macroeconomics, 8ed★Rudiger Dornbush 东北财大出版社经济学类2001 ￥56.00微观经济学Microeconomics, 3ed★Michael L. Katz 东北财大出版社经济学类1998.05 ￥66.00投资管理基础Fundamentals ofInvestment Management, 5ed Hirt 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.05 ￥72.00金融学（第九版）Finance Melicher 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.06 ￥68.00国际金融学Multinational Finance Butler 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.07 ￥68.00金融体制与经济The financialSystem & the Economy Burton 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.05 ￥75.00货币理论与政策Monetary Theory& Policy Marquis 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.05 ￥40.00货币、信贷与资本Money, Credit,and Capital Tobin 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.05 ￥36.00货币、银行与金融市场Money,Banking, and Financial Markets Thomas 东北财大出版社金融保险1998.05 ￥68.00财务报表分析（第七版）FinancialStatement Analysis Gibson 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥83.00经营者实用会计Accounting forManager Bruns 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥75.00公司财务报告与分析CorporateFinancial Reporting & Analysis Hawkins 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥92.00会计学（第十八版）Accounting Warren 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥108.00中级会计学（第十三版）Intermediate Accounting Skousen 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥138.00会计理论（第四版）AccountingTheory Wolk 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥68.00财务会计（第四版）FinancialAccounting Diamond 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥88.00财务会计学（第六版）FinancialAccounting Skousen 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥72.00经济环境下的财务会计（第三版）Financial Accounting Pratt 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥86.00公司财务会计（第五版）CorporateFinancial Accounting Warren 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥69.00公司财务报告：教程与案例（第三版）Corporate Financial Report Brownlee 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥98.00管理会计（第八版）ManagerialAccounting Garrison 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥86.00决策与控制会计Accounting forDecision Making & Control Aimmeman 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥72.00公司理财基础（第四版）Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Ross 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥72.00国际财务报告与分析InternationalFinancial Reporting & Analys Haskins 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥86.00国际比较会计InternationalAccounting★Steve Larrence 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥42.00审计学Auditing: A SystematicApproach Messier 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥82.00审计学：教程与案例Auditing:Text & Cases Knechel 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥68.00审计概念与方法（第六版）AuditingConcepts & Methods Carmichael 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥66.00审计与鉴证服务（第五版）Auditing& Assurance Services Ricchiute 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥78.00会计学：教程与案例Accounting:Text &Cases Anthony 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥98.00财务金融学案例（第十一版）CaseProblems in Finance Kester 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥82.00财务报表分析案例BusinessAnalysis & V aluation Palepu 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥68.00基础会计原理（第十四版）Fundamental Accounting Principles Larson 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥108.00现代高级会计（第七版）ModernAdvanced Accounting Larsen 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥96.00管理会计Managerial Accounting Ingram 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥48.00管理与成本会计（第三版）Management and Cost Accounting Drury 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥88.00成本管理：会计与控制CostManagement Hansen 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥98.00成本管理研究Readings & Issues inCost Management Reeve 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥45.00国际会计学：全球视角International Accounting Iqbal 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥64.00国际比较会计InternationalAccounting Lawrence 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥42.00会计信息系统（第二版）Accounting Information Systems Hall 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥88.00当代财务管理（第七版）Contemporary financialManagement Moyer 东北财大出版社财务、会计1998.05 ￥88.00商务决策的数量方法QuantitativeMethods for Business Decision Curwin 东北财大出版社统计学1998.05 ￥68.00企业数量分析QuantitativeBusiness Analysis Bodily 东北财大出版社工商管理2001.07 ￥66.00商务沟通（第十一版）BusinessCommunications Lehman 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥75.00组织理论与设计（第六版）Organization Theory & Design Daft 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥72.00战略管理学（第六版）StrategicManagement Pearce 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥98.00小企业管理（第十版）SmallBusiness Management Longenecker 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥75.00管理科学Practice ManagemntScience Winston 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥82.00组织行为学（第八版）Organizational Behavior Hellriegel 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥86.00企业分析与评估Introductin toBusiness Analysis & V aluation Palepu 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥54.00跨国管理（第二版）TransnationalManagement Bartlett 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥86.00管理学（第六版）Management Plunkett 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥78.00现代管理学（二版）Management:Challenges in the 21stCentury Lewis 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥70.00组织行为与过程OrganizationalBehavior& Processes Ancona 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥86.00战略管理（第二版）StrategicManagement Hitt 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥118.00组织战略管理StrategicManagement of Organization &Stakehold Harrison 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥76.00作业管理（第二版）OperationsManagement Markland 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥98.00生产与作业管理Production &Operations Management Gaither 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥90.00人力资源管理（第十一版）Managing Human Resources Sherman 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥78.00销售人员管理Managing SalesPeople Hite 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥58.00监督管理Supervision Concepts &Practices of Management Hilgert 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥68.00企业决策研究Business Researchfor Decision Making Davis 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥58.00管理学历史与现状ManagementPast & Present Chandler 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥56.00公司信息系统管理CorportateInformation systems Management Applegate 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥78.00创建信息时代的组织Building theInformation-Age Organization Cash 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥48.00企业政策（第八版）Business Policy Bower 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥88.00公司战略Comporate Strategy Collis 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥76.00领导、伦理与组织信誉案例Paine 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥40.00商学导论Introduction to Business Madura 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥75.00企业管理与自然环境BusinessManagement and NaturalEnvironment Reinhardt 东北财大出版社工商管理1998.05 ￥68.00市场营销案例The MarketingPradigm Messigner 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥28.00市场学（第四版）Marketing Lamb 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥72.00当代市场研究（第三版）Contemporary Marketing Research McDaniel 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥86.00营销管理（第三版）MarketingManagement Boyd 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥56.00营销管理教程与案例MarketingManagement Quelch 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥82.00零售学Introduction to Retailing Bell 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥40.00企业营销战略：案例、概念与应用Business Marketing Strategy Rangan 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥82.00战略零售管理Strategic RetailManagement Bell 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥82.00营销管理案例（第七版）Cases inMarketing Management Bernhardt 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥64.00消费者行为与营销战略ConsumerBehavior & Marketing Strategy Peter 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥72.00全球市场营销学Global Marketing Akhter 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥84.00国际营销战略教程InternationalMarketing Strategy Doole 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥84.00国际营销战略研究InternationalMarketing Strategy Doole 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥45.00公共关系精要（第六版）TheRealities of Public Relations Newson 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥62.00公共关系案例（第四版）PublicRelations Cases Hendrix 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥48.00广告创意与策略Creative Strategyin Advertision★ A.Jerome Jewler 东北财大出版社市场营销1998.05 ￥35.00广告学Advertising★O'Guinn 东北财大出版社广告学、市场营销1998.05 ￥66.00美国广告文化Juliann Sivulka 东北财大出版社广告学、市场营销1998.05 ￥46.00国际广告：跨文化的沟通InternationalAdvertising:Communication AcrossCultures★Brbara Mueller 东北财大出版社经贸1998.01 ￥35.00 国际贸易与竞争InternationalTrade and Competition Y offie 东北财大出版社1999.05 ￥58.00 Kleppner 广告教程KleppnerAdvertising Procedure(第13版）J. Thomas 清华大学出版社1999.06 ￥63.00 财金之旅——财务管理：原理与实务Timothy J. Gallagher 清华大学出版社1999.06 ￥49.00财金之旅——财务管理基础（第10版）James C.V. 清华大学出版社1999.08 ￥66.00 财金之旅——金融市场利率与流量Financil Market Pates and Flows,5E James C.V. 清华大学出版社1999.08 ￥29.00 财金之旅——金融市场与金融机构基础Foundation of FinancialMarkets and Institutions(第2版）Frank J. Fabozzi 清华大学出版社2001.09 ￥58.00财金之旅——现代投资理论Modern Investment Theory(第4版）Robert A. Haugen 清华大学出版社1998.01 ￥65.00财务管理基础Fundamentals ofFinancial Management(第11版）James C. V an Horne 清华大学出版社金融学2001.09 ￥68.00财务管理与政策（第11版）Financial Management and Policy James C. V an Horne 清华大学出版社1998.01 ￥62.00 财务会计Financial Accounting andGAP Annual Report (第4版）Walter T. Harrison 清华大学出版社2001.09 ￥65.00 财务学基础——财务管理逻辑与实务Foundations of Finance(第2版）Keown Petty ScottMa 清华大学出版社1999.05 ￥50.00产业组织战略方法IndustrialOrganization A Strategic Approach Jeffrey Church 清华大学出版社2001.11 ￥86.00 成本会计——管理的着重点CostAccountion(第10版）Charles T. Homgren 清华大学出版社2001.10 ￥79.00 电子商务——策略、技术与应用E-Commerce:Stategy, Technologiesand Applications英David Whiteley 清华大学出版社2000.09 ￥32.00定价策略与技巧Strategy andTactics of Pricing (第3版）Thomas Nagle 清华大学出版社市场营销2001.08读懂财务报表UnderstandingFinancial Statements (第5版）Lyn M. Fraser 清华大学出版社2000.02 ￥22.00 风险管理和保险导论Introductionto Risk Management and Insurance,6ed Mark S. Dorfman 清华大学出版社1998.01 ￥54.00服务营销：人员、技术与策略Services Marketing(第4版）Christopher Lovelock 清华大学出版社市场营销2001.08 ￥66.00高级管理会计（第3版）AdvancedManagement Accounting Robert S. Pindyck 清华大学出版社1998.01 ￥68.00公共关系实务Practice of publicRelations (第8版）Fraser P. Seitel 清华大学出版社管理学2001.09 ￥49.50供应链管理：战略、规划与运作Supply Chain Management Sunil Chopra 清华大学出版社管理学2001.09 ￥46.00。

英文教材《Microbiology》的特点及其发展唐晓峰（武汉大学生命科学学院）由McGrawHill出版社出版，Prescott，Harley和Klein编撰的Microbiology（下称《微生物学》）是在国际上使用较为广泛的微生物学教科书，从1990年第1版出版至今已有20年历史，按每三年更新一版，迄今已出版了8版。

本文对该书特点和发展进行了研究和分析。

分以下几个部分进行介绍。

一、总体特点由第1版（1990年）开始该书的风格就已确定，尽管第7版、第8版作者队伍发生变化，书名发生变化，该书依然继承了其一贯的特点。

包括：特点一：内容丰富，精深广博。

该书有七个贯穿始终的主题：1、微生物学作为一门科学的发展史；2、微生物学技术的特点及重要性；3、对微生物的控制以及降低其危害性；4、分子生物学对微生物学的重要性；5、微生物学对医学的重要性；6、微生物与其环境地的互相作用的途径以及这些互相作用的后果；7、微生物学的应用对日常生活的影响。

这七个主题全面涵盖了微生物学的内容，既有微生物学基础内容，又有微生物学各领域的内容。

特点二：编排合理，结构灵活。

各章和主题均可根据需要使用。

每章的独立性强，内容全面。

全书分11部分（44章，第1版）：1. 微生物学概论；2. 微生物的营养、生长和控制；3. 微生物的代谢；4. 微生物的分子生物学和遗传学；5. DNA技术与基因组学；6. 病毒；7. 微生物世界的多样性；8. 生态学和共生；9. 非特异性抵抗力和免疫应答；10. 微生物疾病及其控制；11. 食品和工业微生物学。

前5部分（共19章，第1版）是对微生物学基础内容和重点内容的介绍，包括微生物学的发展、微生物的结构、微生物生长和代谢、微生物的控制、病毒和微生物遗传等内容。

后面的6部分（共25章，第1版）则涉及到微生物分类、微生物与其他生物的关系、免疫反应、临床微生物学、微生物与陆地及水环境、食品与工业微生物学等。

microorganism微生物是指存在于自然界中的一群形体微小，结构简单，肉眼无法直接看到，必须借助光学显微镜或者电子显微镜放大数百倍，数千倍，甚至万倍才能观察的微小生物。

microbiology微生物学用以研究微生物的分类，形态结构，生命活动，遗传以及变异和它与人类。

自然界的相互关系以及控制他们的一种学科。

medical microbiology医学微生物学主要研究与医学的有关的微生物的圣物学特性，致病性与免疫机制，以及特异性诊断，防治措施，以控制和消灭感染性疾病和与之有关的免疫损伤等疾病，达到保障和提高人类健康目的的一门学科。

strains of bacteria菌株是指从不同时间或者地点所分离的同一种细菌。

capsule荚膜某些细菌在生长繁殖的过程中分泌的细胞细胞壁外的一层黏液性物质，其厚度不小于0.2微米称之为荚膜或者大荚膜。

厚度小于0.2微米为微荚膜。

荚膜具有抗吞噬细胞吞噬作用，与致病有关。

spore芽孢某些细菌生长在一定的环境条件下，胞浆失水浓缩，形成折光性强，呈圆形或者椭圆形的一种坚实小体，芽孢耐干燥，在消毒灭菌学上以杀死芽孢作为标准。

flagellum 鞭毛从某些少数细菌菌细胞上面生长的一种纤细丝状物，是细菌的运动器官。

她和免疫性，鉴别，致病性有关。

pilus菌毛某些少数细菌菌体表面生长的比菌毛更细，更短，更硬而直的丝状物，菌毛分为两种，一种为普通菌毛，一种为性菌毛，一种和致病有关，一种和细菌的遗传物质传递结合有关。

plasmid质粒是细菌染色体外的一种遗传物质，为闭合环形双股DNA能独立自我复制转移，赋予宿主菌产生新的生物学特性，在医学上重要的质粒有R，F质粒。

质粒与细菌的遗传，变异，抗药性形成，某些毒素产生有关。

L型菌是细胞壁缺陷型细菌，形态呈多样性，在高渗低琼脂含血清的固体菌体培养基中产生荷包蛋样菌落。

L型菌依然有致病性。

autotroph自养菌这类细菌以简单的无机物作为原料，合成菌体成分，这类细菌所需的能量来自无机物的氧化，称为化能自养菌。

医学免疫学与微生物学（Medical immunology and Microbiology）"Medical immunology and Microbiology" syllabus _ syllabus _ medical immunology and microbiology __ filterlingTeaching outline of medical immunology and MicrobiologyFirst, the nature and task of curriculumAccording to the National College of medical professional training objectives, higher medical college students characteristics of educational system and the State Education Commission formulated the basic requirements of main courses (College), medical immunology and medical microbiology for setting a course. This course is divided into two chapters. The first is medical immunology, which mainly teaches basic immunology, and the second is medical microbiology, including bacteriology, virology, and other three parts of microbiology.Medical immunology is one of the fastest growing subjects. It has penetrated into various fields of preclinical medicine and clinical medicine, and has formed many branches and interdisciplinary subjects. Medical immunology is the science of studying the composition and function of human immune system, the law and effect of immune response, and the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of disease. Medical microbiology is the study of biological characteristics, heredity and variation, pathogenicity and immunity, laboratory diagnosis and prevention principles of pathogenic microorganisms related to medicine.Medical immunology and microbiology is a compulsory basicmedical course for clinical medical students. The task is to enable students to master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills of medical immunology and microbiology, and lay the foundation for studying other basic medical courses and clinical medicine courses.Two, the basic requirements of curriculum teachingThe basic teaching requirement of this course is divided into two parts; in medical immunology teaching, students are required to master the composition and function of the immune system, immune response and regulation of physiological function, the basic mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction and the principle of prevention and treatment, and understand the relationship between immunological diseases, immunological applications in the medical practice; in medical microbiology teaching, students are required to master the bacteria, viruses and fungi, pathogenic microorganism morphology, structure, growth and reproduction, genetic variation and other biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immunity of pathogenic microorganisms, inspection methods and principle of prevention and treatment of microbial infections and pathogens, disinfection and sterilization method.The number of hours in this course is 90, the number of TV teaching hours is 18, and the experimental class hours are 27. This course is 5 credits.The first basic immunologyOverview (1 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of modern immunology and ImmunologyTwo. The composition and function of the immune system[teaching requirements]Grasp the concepts of modern immunity and immunology, and the function of immune system.Be familiar with the composition of the immune system.To understand the main characteristics of immunology development today.Chapter 1 immune organs (3 hours)[teaching content]The structure and function of central immune organsTwo. The structure and function of peripheral immune organs[teaching requirements]To master the distribution of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral immune organs.Familiarity with the structure and function of the central andperipheral immune organs.Understanding the pathway of lymphocyte recirculation.The second chapter: immune cells (3 hours)[teaching content]Hematopoietic stem cellTwo, lymphocyte 1.T lymphocyte, 2.B lymphocyte 3.NK cellThree. Mononuclear phagocyteFour. Antigen presenting cellsFive. Other immune cells[teaching requirements]To grasp the surface markers, subclasses and functions of T and B lymphocytes, and the concept of antigen-presenting cells.Familiar with the concept of hematopoietic stem cells, the characteristics and functions of NK cells, the surface markers and major functions of mononuclear phagocytes, and understand the characteristics and functions of other immune cells.The third chapter: immunoglobulin (3 hours)[teaching content]The concept of immunoglobulin and antibodyTwo. The structure, functional region and enzymatic fragments of immunoglobulinThree. Biological activity of immunoglobulinFour. Immunoglobulin serotypes (antigenicity)Five. Characteristics and functions of various immunoglobulinsSix. Immunoglobulin genes and biosynthesisSeven. Artificial antibodies[teaching requirements]Grasp the concept of immunoglobulin and antibody, the structure, function and enzymatic fragments of immunoglobulin, biological activity of immunoglobulin.Familiar with the characteristics and functions of various immunoglobulins, and the concept of monoclonal antibodies.Understanding the serotypes, genes, and biosynthesis of immunoglobulins.The fourth chapter: complement system (3 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of complementTwo. Composition and properties of complement systemThree. Activation of complement system1. activation of classical pathways2. alternative pathway activationFour. Regulation of complement system activationFive. The biological function of complement system[teaching requirements]Mastering the concept of complement and the biological function of complement system.Be familiar with the activation and regulation of complement system.Understanding the site and nature of complement formation.The fifth chapter cytokines (1.5 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of cytokinesTwo. Kinds of cytokinesThree. Characteristics of cytokinesFour. The biological role of cytokinesFive. Characteristics and biological activities of major cytokines[teaching requirements]To grasp the concept and classification of cytokines.Understanding the characteristics and biological functions of cytokines.The sixth chapter antigen (2 hours)[teaching content]The concept of antigenTwo. The factors that determine immunogenicityThree. Specificity and cross reactivity of antigenFour. Classification of antigensFive. Important antigen substances in medicine[teaching requirements]The basic concepts of antigen, antigen determinant, thymus dependent antigen, non thymus dependent antigen, complete antigen and hapten are mastered.Familiar with the factors that determine immunogenicity, important antigen substances in medicine.The seventh chapter is mainly about the histocompatibility complex and its products (2 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of MHCGene structure of two and HLAThree. Structure, distribution and function of HLA moleculeThe medical significance of four and HLA[teaching requirements]Master the basic concepts of MHC.Familiar with the structure, distribution and function of HLA molecules.Understanding the genetic structure of HLA and its medical significance.The eighth chapter was immune response (5 hours)[teaching content]- overview of immune responseTwo, B cell-mediated humoral immune response(I) the process of B cell response induced by thymus dependent antigen(two) the general law of antibody production and its medical significance(three) humoral immune effectThree. Cell-mediated immune response(1) cell-mediated immune response mediated by TD cells(two) cell-mediated immune response mediated by Tc cellsFour. Immune tolerance(1) the concept of immune tolerance(two) factors affecting the formation of immune tolerance(three) the characteristics and clinical significance of immune toleranceFive. Negative feedback regulation of immune response(1) negative feedback regulation of antibodies(two) Regulation of Ts cells[teaching requirements]To understand the concept and characteristics of immune response, the process of B cell response induced by thymus dependent antigen, the general rule of antibody production, the cell-mediated immune response mediated by TD cells and Tc cells, and the concept of immune tolerance.Familiar with the characteristics of immune tolerance.To understand the negative feedback regulation of immune response and the factors influencing immune tolerance formation.The ninth chapter hypersensitivity (4 - 5 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept and classification of hypersensitivityTwo. The pathogenesis of various types of hypersensitivity and common diseasesPrinciple of prevention and treatment of type three and I hypersensitivity diseases[teaching requirements]To understand the concept and classification of hypersensitivity, and the pathogenesis of each type of hypersensitivity reaction.Familiar with the clinical types of hypersensitivity diseases, I type hypersensitivity disease prevention and treatment principles.The tenth chapter immunology application (2 hours)[teaching content]First, immune prevention and control(1) artificial immunity and artificial passive immunity(two) commonly used biological agents for artificial immunity(three) precautions for vaccination 122Two 、 immunological detection(1) antigen and antibody reactions and their detection methods1. characteristics of antigen antibody reaction in vitro2. factors affecting antigen antibody reaction3. commonly used antigen antibody reaction detection method(two) detection of immune function of organism1. commonly used in vitro detection2. commonly used in vivo detection[teaching requirements]Master the concepts of artificial immunity and artificial passive immunity, and commonly used biological agents for artificial immunity.Familiar with the types of vaccination and precautions.To understand the characteristics, influencing factors and common detection methods of antigen antibody reaction in vitro, it is commonly used in vitro and in vivo detection methods of immune function.Second Medical MicrobiologySummary[teaching content]First, the concept and classification of microorganismsTwo. The relationship between microorganisms and human beingsThree. The concept and category of medical microbiologyFour. General situation and current situation of medical microbiology[teaching requirements]Grasp the concepts of microorganisms, pathogenic microorganisms and medical microbiology.Familiar with the classification of microorganisms and their relationship with human beings.To understand the category and development of medical microbiology.Bacteriology part (eleventh to twenty-third)The eleventh chapter is the morphology and structure of bacteria (2 hours, including an overview)[teaching content]First, the size and morphology of bacteriaTwo. The structure of bacteria(1) the basic structure of bacteria(two) the special structure of bacteriaThree. The principle of bacterial morphology examination[teaching requirements]Master the typical and atypical bacteria morphology, cell wall structure and characteristics of G and G + bacteria, special structure and medical significance of bacteria.Familiar with the units for measuring bacteria, the basic structure of bacteria, and the significance of gram staining.To understand the examination method of bacterial morphology.The twelfth chapter is the growth, reproduction and metabolism of bacteria (2 hours)[teaching content]First, the nutrients of bacteriaTwo. Growth and reproduction of bacteriaThree. Metabolites of bacteria and their significanceFour. Artificial culture of bacteria[teaching requirements]Grasp the conditions, methods and speed of bacterial growth and reproduction, the types and significance of bacterial synthetic metabolites.Familiarity with bacterial growth curves and the significance of catabolic products.To understand the methods of artificial culture of bacteria, the common medium, the growth of bacteria in the culture medium and the practical significance of artificial culture of bacteria.The thirteenth chapter: heredity and variation of bacteria (2 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of heredity and variationTwo. Examples of bacterial variationThree. The material basis of bacterial genetic variationFour. The mechanism of bacterial variationFive. The practical application of bacterial variation[teaching requirements]Grasp the basic concepts of heredity, variation, plasmid and bacteriophage.Familiar with bacterial common variation and the mechanism of variation.Understanding the practical application of bacterial variation.The fourteenth chapter: pathogenicity of bacteria (3 hours)[teaching content]First, the concept of pathogenicity and virulence of bacteriaTwo. Invasive ability of bacteria(1) surface structure of bacteria(two) invasive enzymesThree. Bacterial toxins(a) exotoxin(two) endotoxinFour, the number of bacteria and invasion of the portalFive. The occurrence, development and outcome of infection(1) the source of infection(two) the way of infection(three) the type of infection[teaching requirements]Master the concept of bacterial virulence factors, bacterial invasion, characteristic and difference between inside and outside the bacterial toxin, the concept of dominant recessive infection infection, bacteremia, sepsis, carriers, sepsis, sepsis.Be familiar with the source and mode of infection.Understanding the number of bacteria and the relationship between portal invasion and disease.The fifteenth chapter is antibacterial immunity (1 hours)[teaching content]First, the nonspecific defense function of organism(1) barrier structure(two) phagocytes(three) antibacterial substances in body fluidsTwo. Specific antibacterial immunity of organism(1) the function and characteristics of humoral immunity(two) the function and characteristics of cellular immunity[teaching requirements]To master the antibacterial action of skin, mucous membrane, placenta and blood-brain barrier, and the process and result of phagocytosis and sterilization by phagocytes.Familiarity with antibacterial activity and characteristics of humoral and cellular immunity.To understand the types and functions of antibacterial substances in body fluids.The sixteenth chapter disinfection and sterilization (1 hours)[teaching content]First, physical disinfection and sterilization method(1) thermal sterilization(two) ultraviolet radiation and ionizing radiation sterilization(three) filtration sterilization methodTwo. Chemical disinfection(1) chemical disinfectants(two) the action mechanism of chemical disinfectant(three) factors affecting the action of chemical disinfectants[teaching requirements]Grasp the concepts of disinfection, sterilization, asepsis and aseptic operation.Familiar with the commonly used thermal sterilization method, ultraviolet sterilization method, commonly used chemical disinfectants.To understand the action mechanism and influence factors of commonly used chemical disinfectants.The seventeenth chapter is the laboratory detection principle of bacterial infection (2 hours)[teaching content]Detection of pathogenic bacteria and their components(1) collection and submission of specimens(two) commonly used detection methodsTwo. Detection of bacterial specific antibodies(1) serological tests commonly used(two) precautions for detecting antibodies and analysisresults[teaching requirements]Familiar with specimen collection and submission, isolation, cultivation and identification of pathogenic bacteria, serological detection methods commonly used to understand the results of the note.The eighteenth chapter ~ twenty-three chapter bacteriology each part (8 hours)[teaching content]A pathogenic cocci: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (including pneumococcus), Neisseria gonorrhoeaeTwo. Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, and other intestinal bacteriaThree. Vibrio and Campylobacter; Vibrio cholerae and CampylobacterFour, anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacterium, PI anaerobicbacteriaFive. Mycobacterium: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leprosy bacillusSix. Other pathogenic bacteria[teaching requirements]This part is mainly based on self-study. Familiar with the main biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenicity and immunity, laboratory examination principles and principles of prevention and treatment.Virology part (twenty-fourth to thirty-second)Summary[teaching content]Basic concepts and characteristics of virusesThe twenty-fourth chapter is the basic character and classification of virus (3 hours)[teaching content]The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the virus(1) the size and morphology of the virus(two) the structure and chemical composition of virusesTwo. Virus proliferation and interference(1) proliferation of viruses(two) the interference of virusThree, physical and chemical factors on the impact of the virusFour. Classification of viruses(1) modern classification(two) clinical classification[teaching requirements]Grasp the basic concept, basic structure, proliferation mode and proliferation cycle of virus.Familiar with the chemical composition and interference phenomenon of virus.To understand the influence of physical and chemical factors on the virus, and to classify the virus.The twenty-fifth chapter: virus infection and immunity (3 hours)[teaching content]Infection and pathogenicity of viruses(1) the route of viral infection and its diffusion in vivo(two) the results and pathogenesis of viral infection(three) the type of virus infectionTwo. Antiviral immunity(1) nonspecific immunity(two) specific immunity[teaching requirements]Grasp the way of virus infection and the way of diffusing in vivo.Be familiar with the pathogenesis of viral infection and the type of infection.Understanding the mechanism of organism antiviral infection.The twenty-sixth chapter is the laboratory detection principle of virus infection (1.5 hours)[teaching content]First, specimen collection and processingTwo, commonly used detection methods(1) detection of virus bodies(two) detection of viral antigens and antibodies(three) detection of viral nucleic acids[teaching requirements]To understand the sample collection, treatment and common detection methods of virus infection.The twenty-seventh chapter is the prevention and cure principle of virus infection (O.5 hours)[teaching content]First, the specific prevention of viral infection(1) artificial immunity(two) artificial passive immunityTwo. Prevention and treatment of viral infectionThe twenty-fifth chapter: virus infection and immunity (3 hours)[teaching content]Infection and pathogenicity of viruses(1) the route of viral infection and its diffusion in vivo(two) the results and pathogenesis of viral infection(three) the type of virus infectionTwo. Antiviral immunity(1) nonspecific immunity(two) specific immunity[teaching requirements]Grasp the way of virus infection and the way of diffusing in vivo.Be familiar with the pathogenesis of viral infection and the type of infection.Understanding the mechanism of organism antiviral infection.The twenty-sixth chapter is the laboratory detection principle of virus infection (1.5 hours)[teaching content]First, specimen collection and processingTwo, commonly used detection methods(1) detection of virus bodies(two) detection of viral antigens and antibodies(three) detection of viral nucleic acids[teaching requirements]To understand the sample collection, treatment and common detection methods of virus infection.The twenty-seventh chapter is the prevention and cure principle of virus infection (O.5 hours)[teaching content]First, the specific prevention of viral infection(1) artificial immunity(two) artificial passive immunityTwo. Prevention and treatment of viral infection[teaching requirements]Be familiar with artificial immune preparations commonly used in viral infections. Understand the commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.Twenty-eighth chapters to thirty-two chapters on Virology (9 hours)[teaching content]Respiratory viruses(1) influenza virus(two) other respiratory virusesTwo. Enterovirus(1) poliovirus(two) the coxsackie and echovirus (three) other enterovirusesThree. Hepatitis virusFour, China(1) Japanese encephalitis virus (two) epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus Five. Other viruses(1) rabies virus(two) human immunodeficiency virus (three) herpes virus(four) rubella virus[teaching requirements]To grasp the main biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immunity of influenza virus, hepatitis virus and human immunodeficiency virusFamiliar with the main biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immunity of poliovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus, rabies virus, herpes virus and rubella virus.Understanding: common types of respiratory viruses, enteroviruses, and herpes viruses. Detection and prevention of the above viruses thirdThirty-third chapter to thirty-seven chapter other pathogenic microorganism (2 hours)[teaching content]Mycoplasma aChlamydia trachomatis twoRickettsia threeFour, helicoidFive. Pathogenic fungi[teaching requirements]Grasp the basic concepts of mycoplasma, chlamydia, Rickettsia, leptospira and fungi.Familiar with the main biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immunity of mycoplasma, chlamydia, Rickettsia, leptospira and fungi.To understand the detection and prevention principles of pathogenic microorganisms.Experiment (27 hours, 3 hours per experiment)Precipitation reaction(1) two-way agar diffusion test(two) one way agar diffusion testTwo. Agglutination reaction(I) agglutination test in vitro(two) slide agglutinationThree. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assayDouble antibody sandwich method for the detection of early pregnancy (using Kit)Four. Bacterial morphology, special structure observation and microscope use(1) observation of basic morphologyCoccus, bacillus, vibrio.(two) observation of special structureSpores, capsule, flagella, fimbriae.(three) microscopeFive. Bacterial culture and staining examination(1) colony observationSmooth, rough, mucoid.(two) observation of pigment and hemolysis(three) Gram staining methodIn experiment six, tetanus exotoxin of pathogenic and antitoxin protective effect (animal experiment)Seven. Determination of anti streptococcal hemolysin "O" (using Kit)Eight, endotoxin (pyrogen) -- Determination of limulus test (the kit)Nine. Methods of virus culture and laboratory diagnosis。

微生物学 microbiology病毒学 virology噬菌体学 bacteriophagology细菌学 bacteriology鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology 系统细菌学 systematic bacteriology真菌学 mycology原生生物学 protistology原生动物学 protozoology普通微生物学 general microbiology微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学 microbial genetics微生物生态学 microbial ecology古微生物学 pale microbiology土壤微生物学 soil microbiology水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学 marine microbiology悉生生物学 gnotobiology医学微生物学 medical microbiology兽医微生物学 veterinary microbiology农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology工业微生物学 industrial microbiology石油微生物学 petroleum microbiology食品微生物学 food microbiology乳品微生物学 diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学 rumen microbiology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology病原学 etiology国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会 Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会 World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM 美国模式培养物保藏所 American Type Culture Collection, ATCC自然发生说,无生源说 spontaneous generation, abiogenesis始祖生物 progenote古始生物界 archetista古细菌 archaebacteria原生生物 protista原生动物 protozoan原生植物 protophyte真核生物 eukaryote原核生物 prokaryote裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy 模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi 木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould 壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease菌丝 hypha菌髓 trama假菌丝体 pseudomycelium气生菌丝体 aerial mycelium基内菌丝体 substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体 racquet mycelium结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium梳状菌丝 pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝 spiral mycelium次生菌丝体 secondary mycelium有隔菌丝 septate hypha无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体 reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体 vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体 sterile mycelium菌丝体 mycelium黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium原植体 thallus粘菌体 aethalium合胞体 syncytium虫菌体 hyphal body盾状体 clypeus子实体 fruiting body产孢体 gleba子实层体 hymenophore子实下层 subhymenium菌丝层 subiculum菌丝段 hyphal fragment菌丝束 coremium菌丝索 funiculus菌核 sclerotium器菌核 pycnosclerotium菌环 annulus菌裙 indusium 菌盖 pileus顶体 apicle藏卵器 oogonium雄器 antheridium锈菌性孢子器 pycnium锈子器 aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体 cystidium粉孢子梗 oidiophore小梗 sterigma接合孢子柄 zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄 suspensor孢子梗 sporophore分生孢子梗 conidiophore雄器柄 androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗 phialide梗基 metulae芽孔 germ pore芽管 germ tube芽缝 germ slit孢丝 capillitium 周丝 periphysis类周丝 periphysoid侧丝 paraphysis拟侧丝 pseudoparaphysis类侧丝 paraphysoid孢子外壁 exosporium外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza内生菌根 endomycorrhiza内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根 vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza刺突 spike弹丝 elater刚毛 seta微体 microbody泡囊 vesicle隔膜 septum假隔膜 pseudoseptum分生孢子盘 acervulus分生孢子座 sporodochium精子团 spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium囊层被 epithecium囊间丝 hamathecium囊托 apophysis囊领 collarette 囊轴 columella孔口 ostiole菌托 volva孢子角 cirrus孢子球 spore ball孢子印 spore print聚簇 cluster 菌丝融合 anastomosis孢子切落 abjunction孢子缢断 abstriction多态现象 polymorphism缢缩作用constriction粉孢子 oidium孢子 spore掷孢子 ballistospore厚壁孢子 chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子 arthrospore卷旋孢子 helicospore腊肠形孢子 allantospore孔出孢子 porospore星形孢子 staurospore线形孢子 scolecospore砖格孢子 dictyospore侧生孢子 aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子 phialospore无梗孢子 thallospore分生孢子 conidium大分生孢子 macroconidium小分生孢子 microconidium节分生孢子 arthroconidium芽分生孢子 blastoconidium器孢子 pycnidiospore无隔孢子 amerospore双胞孢子 didymospore多隔孢子 phragmospore休眠孢子 hypnospore顶生孢子 acrospore顶生厚壁孢子 fuseau内分生孢子 endoconidium担孢子 basidiospore双孢担孢子 dispore同形孢子 isospore 柄生孢子 stylospore锈菌性孢子 pycniospore产雄器孢子 androspore锈孢子 aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore冬孢子 teliospore四分孢子 tetraspore粘孢子 myxospore多核孢子 coenospore 孢囊孢子 sporangiospore子囊孢子 ascospore多核细胞 coenocyte分生孢子果 conidiocarp分生孢子器prosporangium多核孢子囊 coenosporangium休眠孢子囊 hypnosporangium子囊 ascus接合孢子 zygospore拟接合孢子 azygospore原囊壁子囊 prototunicate ascus单囊壁子囊 unitunicate ascus双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果 ascocarp子囊壳 perithecium闭囊壳 cleistothecium闭囊果 cleistocarp盘状子囊果 discocarp孢囊果 sporangiocarp接合子 zygote单性合子 azygote多核合子 coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核 zygotonucleus游动合子 planozygote担子 basidium半担子 hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子 holobasidium有隔担子 phragmobasidium内生担子 endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子 epibasidium下担子 hypobasidium同担子 homobasidium担子果 basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子 gamete原配子 progamete雄配子 androgamete雄核发育 androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子 heterogamete游动配子 zoogamete多核配子 coenogamete配子囊 gametangium配子母细胞 gametocyte同形配子囊 isogametangium原配子囊 progametangium小孢子囊 sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞 foot cell脚胞 foot cell固着器 holdfast附着枝 hyphopodium吸盘 sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合 clamp connection偶核细胞 zeugite卵球 oosphere卵质 ooplasm孢原质 sporoplasm 卵配子 oogamete卵孢子 oospore球状胞 sphaerocyst子囊腔 locule子囊盘 apothecium子囊座 ascostroma 缝裂壳 hysterothecium下子座 hypostroma包被 peridium子座 stroma壳心 centrum拟包被 pseudoperidium 无融合生殖 apomixis同宗配合 homothallism准性生殖 parasexuality异宗配合 heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖 heterogamy无配生殖 apogamy配囊交配 gametangial copulation交配型 mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期 uredostage冬孢子堆 teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆 uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成 sporulation细菌 bacteria薄壁细菌类 gracilicutes硬壁细菌类 fermicutes疵壁细菌类 mendosicutes无壁细菌类 tenericutes柔膜细菌 mollicutes真细菌 eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌 anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌 oxyphotobacteria放线菌 actinomycetes螺旋菌spirilla粘细菌 slime bacteria鞘细菌 sheathed bacteria柄细菌 caulobacteria弧菌 vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌 sulfur bacteria铁细菌 iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌 purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌 methanogen硝化细菌 nitrobacteria反硝化细菌 denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌 nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌 methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌 acetogen同型产乙酸细菌 homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌 photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌 hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria同型发酵乳酸菌 homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌 heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌 hydrogenogens产气菌 aerogen不产气菌 anaerogen发光细菌 luminous bacteria产色细菌 chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌 chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌 chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌 photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌 chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria光能有机营养菌 photoorganotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌 organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌 lithotrophic bacteria贫营养细菌 oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌 carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌 autotrophic bacteria 异养菌 heterotrophic bacteria光养菌 phototrophic bacteria需氧菌 aerobe微需氧菌 microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌 anaerobe兼性厌氧菌 facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌 obligate anaerobe 溶原性细菌 lysogenic bacteria腐生菌 saprophytic bacteria苛求菌 fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌 barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌 halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌 siderophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌 osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌 oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷细菌 psychrophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌 acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌 thiophilic bacteria中温菌 mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌 hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌 intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体 bacteriosome微生子 gonidium蓝细菌 cyanobacteria蓝细菌连锁体 hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体 phycobilisome静息孢子 akinete滑行 gliding异形囊胞 heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型 chemovar血清型 serotype血清变型 serovar致病型 pathotype致病变型 pathovar生物型 biotype生物变型 biovar形态型 morphotype形态变型 morphovar革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria球菌 coccus双球菌 diplococcus四联球菌 tetrads八叠球菌 sarcina 球杆菌 coccobacillus杆菌 rod双杆菌 diplobacillus棒状菌 corynebacteria细菌毛状体 trichome单鞭毛菌 monotricha周鞭毛菌 peritricha丛鞭毛菌 lophotricha两端单鞭毛菌 amphitrichate单端丛鞭毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌 gliding bacteria细菌L-型 L-form of bacterium菌落 colony酵母型菌落 yeast type colony类酵母型菌落 yeast like colony次生菌落 secondary colony粗糙型菌落 rough colony光滑型菌落 smooth colony丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony子菌落 daughter colony深层菌落 deep colony 粘液型菌落 mucoid colony巨大菌落 giant colony侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌苔 lawn菌胶团 zoogloea菌膜 pellicle菌醭 mycoderm, pellicle群游现象 swarming菌柄 stipe菌体附器 appendage鞭毛 flagellum 周质鞭毛 periplasmic flagella轴丝 axial filament菌毛 pilus性丝 sex pilus外生孢子 exospore内生孢子 endospore芽孢 spore芽孢形成 sporulation终端芽孢 terminal spore近端芽孢 subterminal spore中生芽孢 central spore前芽孢 forespore芽孢皮层 cortex芽孢外膜 exitine芽孢内膜 intine外壁 exine伴胞晶体 parasporal crystal菌蜕 ghost鞘 sheath荚膜 capsule粘液层 slime layer微荚膜 microcapsule壁膜间隙 periplasmic space原生质体 protoplast原生质球 spheroplast气泡 gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体 mesosome载色体 chromatophore鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body异染质 volutin异染粒 matachromatic granules致死颗粒 killer particle紫膜 purple membrane噬菌体 bacteriophage无囊盖类 inoperculatae超显微微生物 ultramicroscopic organism真菌噬菌体 mycophage噬藻体 phycophage烈性噬菌体 virulent phage温和噬菌体 temperate phage前原噬菌体 preprophage原噬菌体 prophage隐性前噬菌体 cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体 vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage可诱导噬菌体 inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing 噬菌体型 phagetype噬菌体变型 phagevar噬斑 plaque噬菌体聚合头部 polyhead噬菌体聚合尾鞘 polysheath 噬菌体伞毛 fimbrium噬菌体颈须 whisker噬菌体先导蛋白 pilot protein噬菌体尾丝抗原 fiber antigen噬菌体顶体 apex噬菌体基片插孔 base-plate hub噬菌体基片丝 base-plate fibril噬菌体基片楔突 base-plate wedge噬菌体串联体 concatemer噬菌体颈部 collar噬菌体顶部壳粒 apical capsomere噬菌体尾丝 tail fiber 噬菌体畸形体 monster噬菌体颈圈 connector噬菌体髓部 core噬菌体头部 head噬菌体尾部 tail噬菌体尾管tail tube噬菌体尾鞘 tail sheath类病毒 viroid病毒 virus真病毒 euvirus亚病毒 subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒 virusoid卫星病毒 satellite virus假型病毒 pseudotype virus慢病毒 slow virus辅助病毒 helper virus过客病毒 passenger virus多分体病毒 multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒 entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒 polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒 multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒 singly embedded virus伴随病毒 associated virus浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV 内源病毒 endogenous virus潜伏病毒 latent virus肠道病毒 enterovirus艾柯病毒 ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒 adenovirus腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus真菌病毒 mycovirus肿瘤病毒 oncovirus 逆转录病毒 retro virus坏死病毒 necrosis virus虹彩病毒 irido virus泛嗜性病毒 pantropic virus毒株strain原生小体 elementary body包含体 inclusion body顾氏小体 Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体 Negri's body病毒粒体 virion裸露病毒粒体 naked virion假病毒体 pseudovirion立体对称 cubical symmetry二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称 helical symmetry病毒五邻体 pentomer,pentons病毒六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称 complex symmetry包膜突起 peplomerbody包膜 envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope病毒包膜抗原 envelope antigen病毒壳体 capsid病毒壳粒 capsomer, capsomere二十面体壳体 icosahedron capsid核心 core核壳 nucleocapsid病毒原质体 viroplasma病毒束 virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白 polyhedrin颗粒体 granule颗粒体蛋白 granulin类核 nucleoid内含颗粒 inclusion granuleX体 X-body病毒早期蛋白 early protein病毒晚期蛋白 late protein负链 negative strand正链positive strand复制子 replicon病毒发生基质 virogenic stroma衣原体 chlamydia衣原体始体 initial body立克次氏体 rickettsia假肽聚糖 pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖 peptidoglycan磷壁酸 teichoic acid胞壁酸 muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白 flagellin菌毛蛋白 pilin杀白细胞素 leucocidin豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白 phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白 phycocyanin藻红蛋白 phycoerythrin藻青素 cyanophycin藻蓝素 algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素 phycobilin藻红胆素 phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素 phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids细菌淀粉粒 granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐 poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白 staphylococcal protein A, SPA纯化蛋白衍生物 purified protein derivative, PPD葡萄球菌凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ细胞溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶 permease胞内酶 intracellular enzyme胞外酶 extracellular enzyme果胶酶 pectinase逆转录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶 coagulase受体破坏酶 receptor destroying enzyme, RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶 cellulase链道酶 streptodornase,SD链激酶 streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶 penicillinase溶菌酶 lysozyme细菌紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin细菌叶绿素 bacteriochlorophyll自溶素 autolysin亲菌素 bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素 ablastin粘附素 adhesin菌红素 bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素 prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素 lepromin葡萄球菌素 staphylococcin伞菌氨酸 agarfitine苏云金菌素 thuricin肠球菌素 enterococcin布氏菌素 brucellin大肠菌素 colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素 syringacin黄色粘球菌素 xanthacin链球菌素 streptocin流产菌素 abortin绿脓菌素 pyocyanin红假单胞菌素 rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素 pyofluorescein白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin杯伞素 clitocybine白细胞溶素 leucolysin表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素 perfringocin肠毒素 enterotoxin毒蝇碱 muscarine肺炎球菌毒素 pneumotoxin鬼笔毒环肽 phalloidin根霉蝶呤 rhizopterin肺炎链球菌溶血素 pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸 mycolic acid齿孔酸 eburicoic acid根霉促进素 rhizopin蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇溶血素 pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素 staphylolysin真菌毒素 mycotoxin曲霉毒素 aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸 kojic acid破伤风菌痉挛毒素 tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin破伤风菌溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin溶血素 hemolysin鼠疫菌素 pesticin神经毒素 neurotoxin杀细菌素 bactericidin外毒素 exotoxin内毒素 endotoxin细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin血凝素 hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素 sterigmatocystin毒植物素 phytotoxin真菌醇 mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素 exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein放线菌土臭味素 geosmins土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin产甲烷作用 methanogenesis生物转化 bioconversion生长因子 growth factor420 因子 factor 420V 因子 V factorX 因子 X factor辅酶 M coenzyme M微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微量动力作用 oligodynamic action抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies H transfer 发酵 fermentation发酵能力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏溶菌现象 Pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶现象 autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长曲线 one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热致死时 thermal death time热致死点 thermal death point噬菌体接合分裂 conjugate division噬菌体裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition噬菌体裂解量 burst size噬菌体生产性感染 productive infection噬菌体自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle病毒侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis病毒脱壳 uncoating病毒装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,PFU成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain狂犬病固定毒 fixed virus狂犬病街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction流感病毒α抑制物α-inhibitor流感病毒朱氏抑制物 Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor 干扰素 interferon干扰现象 interference溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶原现象 lysogenesis抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin遗传转化 genetic transformation供体 donor受体 recipient转化体 transformant感受态 competence光滑型 smooth type粗糙型 rough type无性型 anamorph克隆 clone有性型 teleomorph异源性 heterology同源性 homology转导 transduction局限转导 restricted transduction转染 transfection溶原性转换 lysogenic conversion抗原性漂移 antigenic drift抗原性转变 antigenic shift高频重组 high frequency of recombination, Hfr 重组 recombination接合作用 conjugation重组体 recombinant互补 complementation杂合现象 heterozygosis重组子 recon接合阶段 zygophase接合 zygosis质粒 plasmid粘粒 cosmid噬粒 phasmid质粒不相容性 plasmid incompatibility相容性 compatibility致育因子 fertility factor大肠杆菌素生成因子 colicinogenic factor突变 mutation表型 phenotype环状染色体 ring chromosome基因型 genotype原养型 prototroph原养菌 prototrophic bacteria营养缺陷型 auxotroph多重营养缺陷型 polyauxotroph诱变 mutagenesis诱变剂 mutagen诱发变异 induced variation突变体 mutant渗漏突变体 leaky mutant条件突变株 conditional mutant条件致死 conditional lethal温敏突变株 temperature sensitive mutants半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde噬斑突变株 plaque mutants宿主范围突变株 host range mutant扇形突变 secter mutationH-O 变异 H-O variation弱毒株 low virulent strain减毒株 attenuated strain凝固酶因子 coagulase factor耐药性决定因子 resistance determining factor 耐药性转移因子 resistance transfer factor, RTF 抗药性 drug-resistance抗药因子 resistance factor抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain基因簇 gene cluster复制 replication启动子 promotor操纵子 operon单形现象 monomorphism双态现象 dimorphism多形现象 polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒 defective interfering particle重分配 redistribution表型混杂 phenotypic mixing基因转移 gene transfer原生质体融合 protoplast fusion趋合子性 zygotaxis向合子性 zygotropism兔化毒 lapinized virus病毒缺损突变株 defective mutant流感病毒O-D相变异 O-D variation病毒基因 virogene病毒早期基因 early genes病毒晚期基因 late genes微生物生态系统 microbial ecosystem趋化性 chemotaxis趋氧性 aerotaxis趋光性 phototaxis向化性 chemotropism向氧性 oxytropism向光性 phototropism内共生 endosymbiosis捕食作用 predation拮抗作用 antagonism初级合作 protocooperation共生 symbiosis互利共栖 mutualism偏害共栖 amensalism偏利共栖 commensalism互养共栖 syntrophism兢争共栖 competition寄生 parasitism无关共栖 neutralism卫星现象 satellitism协同共栖 synergism异种克生现象 allelopathy代谢共栖 metabiosis共生生物 symbiont聚生体 consortium伴生种 companions致坏死寄生物 necroparsite根际微生物 rhizospheric microorganism 叶际微生物 phyllospheric microorganism 悉生生物 gnotobiote腐生现象 saprophytism分解者 decomposer含菌细胞 mycetosome嗜狭高温生物 stenothermophiles广温微生物 eurythermal microorganism 狭温微生物 stenothermal microorganisms 暂居微生物 transient microbe原生演替 primary succession次生演替 secondary succession异养演替 heterotrophic succession自养演替 autotrophic succession菌群 flora区系 flora微生物区系 microflora土着菌群 indigenous flora土着区系 indigenous flora菌群失调 dysbacteriosis水华 blooms生物量 biomass生物质 biomass生物圈 biosphere前发酵 primary fermentation后发酵 secondary fermentation浅盘发酵 shallow tray fermentation深层发酵 submerged fermentation固态发酵 solid state fermentation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation主发酵 main fermentation连续发酵 continuous fermentation半连续型发酵 semicontinuous fermentation罐批发酵 batch fermentation敞口发酵 open fermentation上面发酵 top fermentation下面发酵 bottom fermentation上面酵母 top yeast下面酵母 bottom yeast阿明露法 amylo process酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique陈酿化 aging发酵罐 fermenter种子罐 seeding tank手动气锁 manual airlock自动气锁 automatic airlock超滤膜 ultrafiltration membrane超滤法 ultrafiltration消泡剂 antifoam agent醋化作用 acetification酸化作用 acidification糖化作用 saccharification糖化剂 sacchariferous agents曲 Quraw starter大曲 Daqu massive raw stater for alcholic liquor 小曲 Xiaoquraw starter complex日本酒曲 koji麸曲 bran koji液体曲 liquid koji酒母 seeding yeast活性干酵母 active dry yeast单细胞蛋白 single cell protein, SCP 菌丝球 mycelium pellet活性污泥 activated sludge醪液 mash固定化细胞 immobilized cell共固定化作用 co-immobilization酸败 spoilage平罐酸败 flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria需氧量 oxygen requirement生物致劣 deterioration微生物传感器 microbial sensor微生物浸矿 microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂 microbial pesticide病毒杀虫剂 viral pesticide根瘤 root nodule菌根 mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂 nitragin植物杀菌素 phytocidin昆虫病原微生物 entomopathogen蜜蜂幼虫腐臭病 foulbrood固氮菌剂 azotogen亚麻浸渍 flax retting生物防治 biological control沤麻 retting青贮饲料 silage沼气 biogas无菌植物 germ-free plant侵染 infection侵染性 infectivity侵染中心 infectious center侵染剂量 infective dose, ID病毒尿症 viruria病毒血症 viremia菌血症 bacteremia食物中毒 food poisoning真菌中毒 mycetism标准血清 standard serum混合分型血清 pooled typing serum抗血清 antiserum抗白喉血清 antidiphtheric serum结核菌素反应 tuberculin reaction卡介苗 BCG vaccine抗毒素 antitoxin旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, OT结核菌素单位 tuberculin unit, TU致热原 pyrogen病原体 pathogen带病毒者 carrier带菌者 carrier感染 infection传染 infection原发性感染原 primary invader继发性感染原 secondary invader机会致病菌 opportunistic pathogen条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen正常菌群 normal flora感染性 infectivity感染中心 infectious center攻击力 aggressivity侵袭力 invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin毒素 toxin毒力 virulence感染剂量 infective dose, ID半感染剂量 infectious dose 50%, ID 50半数组织培养感染量 50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50致病性 pathogenicity致细胞病变效应 cytopathic effect, CPE半数致死量 50% lethal dose, LD 50细菌毒力 bacterial virulence神经毒力 neurovirulence类毒素 toxoid神经毒性 neurotoxicity最小感染量 minimal infecting dose, MID最小抑菌浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC最小致死量 minimal lethal dose, MLD生物制品 biological products鞭毛抗原 flagellar antigen菌体抗原 O antigen细菌包被抗原 envelope antigen菌苗 bacterial vaccine疫苗 vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine单价疫苗 univalent vaccine单价菌苗 univalent bacterial vaccine多价菌苗 polyvalent bacterial vaccine多价疫苗 polyvalent vaccine三联疫苗 triple vaccine联合疫苗 combined vaccine亚单位菌苗 subunit bacterial vaccine亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine兔化法 lapinization减毒作用 attenuation自身疫苗 autovaccine自身菌苗 autovaccine菌苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy化学疗法 chemotherapy疫苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy疫苗再接种 revaccination再接种 reinoculation自身接种 autoinoculationVi 抗原 Vi antigen乙型肝炎核心抗原 HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原 HBsAg扩散因子 spreading factor乙型肝炎e抗原 HBeAg溶血作用 haemolysis抗菌素的协同作用 synergism抑菌作用 bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂 sporicide杀病毒剂 virucide抗溶菌素 antilysin杀菌剂 germicides消毒剂 disinfectant抑菌剂 bacteriostat抗微生物剂 antimicrobial agent抗菌剂 antibacterial agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent杀细菌剂 bactericide杀真菌剂 mycocide抑真菌剂 fungistat消毒 disinfection腐败 putrefaction防腐 antisepsis石炭酸系数 phenol coefficient药物敏感性 drug susceptibility防腐剂 antiseptic大肠菌类 coliform group大肠杆菌值 colititre大肠杆菌指数 coli-index指示菌 indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验 microscopic Widal agglutination test 敏化细菌 sensitized bacteria无特定病原动物 specific pathogen free animals, SPFA无菌动物 germ-free animal硫磺样颗粒 sulfur granule显微镜 microscope双目显微镜 binocular microscope倒置显微镜 invert microscope明视野显微镜 bright field microscope暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜 dark-field microscope暗视野显微术 dark-field microscopy相差显微镜 phase contrast microscope分辨干涉差显微镜 Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM 荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope电子显微镜 electron microscope透射电子显微镜 transmission electron microscope, TEM扫描电子显微镜 scanning electron microscope, SEM超薄切片术 ultramicrotomy超薄切片 ultrathin section目镜 ocular物镜 objective透镜 lens补偿目镜 compensative eyepiece消色差透镜 achromatic lens全消色差透镜 apochromatic lens低倍物镜 low power objective高倍物镜 high power objective油浸物镜 oil immersion objective显微镜集光器 microscope condenser镜台测微计 stage micrometer目镜测微计 ocular micrometer显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator盖玻片 cover glass载玻片 slide凹玻片 concave slide香柏油 cedar oil涂片 smear悬滴法 hanging drop method热固定 heat fixation镜检 microscopic examination分辨率 resolving power放大率 magnification染色法 staining染色反应 staining reaction负染色法 negative staining鉴别染色法 differential staining对染法 counterstaining两极染色 bipolar staining萋-尼染色法 Ziehl-Neelsen staining method抗酸细菌染色法 acid-fast staining革兰氏染色 Gram staining赖夫松鞭毛染色 Leifson's flagella staining墨汁荚膜染色 India-ink capsule staining阿氏染色 Albert's staining麦氏立克次氏体染色 Macchiavello's staining瑞氏染色 Wright's staining富尔根染色 Feulgen staining染色剂 stain鲁戈氏碘液 Lugol's iodine solution吕氏甲烯蓝 Loeffler's methylene blue石炭酸品红 carbol fuchsin孔雀石绿溶液 malachite green solution柯斯特染料 Koester's stain培养基 medium营养琼脂 nutrient agar营养肉汤 nutrient broth远藤培养基 Endo's medium沙氏葡萄糖琼脂 Sabouraud's dextrose agar吕氏血清培养基 Loeffler's serum medium伊红甲烯蓝琼脂 EMB agar麦氏培养基 MacConkey medium庖肉培养基 cooked meat medium马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 potato dextrose agar, PDA豆芽汁培养基 bean sprouts medium蛋白胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基 peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium 分离培养基 isolation medium鉴别培养基 differential medium富集培养基 enrichment medium基础培养基 basic medium确定成分培养基 defined medium合成培养基 synthetic medium半合成培养基 semisynthetic medium液体培养基 liquid medium半固体培养基 semisolid medium固体培养基 solid medium滋养培养基 enriched medium生化培养基 biochemical medium完全培养基 complete medium干燥培养基 dehydrated medium天然培养基 natural medium选择性培养基 selective medium平板 plate聚硅酸盐平板 polysilicate plate梯度平板 gradient plate补加培养基 supplemented medium琼脂平板 agar plate琼脂 agar肉膏 meat extract牛肉膏 beef extract牛肉汁 beef broth麦芽汁 malt wort酵母汁 yeast water酵母膏 yeast extract paste酵母提取粉 yeast extract powder水解酪蛋白氨基酸 casamino acids蛋白胨 peptone琼脂斜面 agar slant杜氏发酵管 Durham's fermentation tube传代 transfer of culture分离 isolation划线分离 streaking稀释平板分离法 dilution-plate method无菌检查 sterility test无菌 sterile污染 contamination污染物 contaminant菌株 strain接种物 inoculum接种 inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 无菌操作 aseptic technique移种 culture transfering平板接种 plating穿刺 stab平板划线 plate streaking细胞系 cell line细胞株 cell strain培养 cultivation纯化 purification纯性培养 axenic cultivation纯培养 pure cultivation玻片培养 slide cultivation穿刺培养 stab cultivation传代培养 subculturing分部培养法 fractional cultivation分批培养 batch cultivation滚管培养法 rolling tube cultivation滚管技术 rolling tube technique混合培养 mixed cultivation划线培养 streak cultivation静止培养 static cultivation连续培养 continuous cultivation倾注培养法 pour plate method平板培养 plate cultivation肉汤培养 broth cultivation深层培养 submerged cultivation。

医学微生物名词解释（Explanation of medical microbiology terms）Capsule: a slime layer of some bacteria that is wrapped around their cell walls.Spore: some bacteria in certain environmental conditions, the cytoplasm dehydration concentration, forming a round or oval body in bacteria.Flagellum: a slender, wavy, threadlike filament on a bacterial cell. The flagellum staining was visible.Fimbriae: shorter, finer, harder filamentous filaments on the surface of a cell than flagella. Visible electron microscope.Plasmid: is the genetic material for in vitro staining, double stranded closed circular DNA, control of certain genetic traits of bacteria.Stain particles: methylene blue staining, the particles darker, purple, hence the name. Used to identify bacteria.Bacterial L: some bacteria can lose cell wall in part or all under the influence of some environment and antibiotics. This phenomenon was first discovered by Lister, so it is called bacterial L. Under appropriate conditions, most bacteria L can revert to the original bacteria type.Bacterial growth curve: bacterial growth curve is refers to single cell microorganism. It is a small amount of single cell microorganisms inoculated to a certain volume of liquid medium, under appropriate conditions of cultivation, regular samplingto determine the number of cells. Using the logarithm of the number of cell growth as ordinate, and taking the time to do the abscissa, draw a curve as shown in the graph. We call this curve the growth curve of bacteria.Pyrogen: pyrogen (pyrogen), is a human or animal body injection can cause fever reaction of bacterial substance. Produce thermal source of bacteria are gram negative bacteria and pyrogen LPS the cell wall.Endotoxin: the component of lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, which is released only after the lysis of bacteria.Is synthesized in the bacterial exotoxin: the process of growth and reproduction and is secreted into the toxic components of bacteria in. Mainly produced by Gram positive bacteria.By 0.4% formaldehyde treatment: exotoxin toxoid, can lose its toxicity, retain antigenicity, become toxoid.Bacteriophage: bacteriophage is a general term for viruses infecting bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, or Leptospira. It is called bacteriophage because it can cause lysis of host bacteria.Virulent phage: a phage that can replicate and proliferate in host cells, produce many progeny phages, and eventually lyse bacteria.Lytic bacteriophage: virus, also known as temperatebacteriophage, integrates with the host chromosome and does not produce phage, but phage DNA can be reproduced with bacterial DNA and passaged with the division of bacteria.Temperate phage: the phage gene is integrated with the host chromosome and does not produce phage, but phage DNA can be reproduced with bacterial DNA and passaged with the division of bacteria. This state is called soluble state. The phage is called a temperate bacteriophageSoluble bacteria: a genetic material with a mild bacteriophage, but it can not detect the presence of bacteriophages. Such bacteria are called soluble bacteria.Pre bacteriophage: phage genome integrated into bacterial genomeTransformation: the way in which recipient bacteria ingest free DNA fragments of donor bacteria to obtain new genetic traits,Transduction: using mild phage as the carrier, transfer the genetic material of the donor to recipient bacteria, so that the recipient can obtain new genetic traits called transduction.Conjugation: bacteria transfer genetic material (mainly plasmids) from recipient to recipient bacteria through sex pili, allowing recipients to obtain new genetic traitsLytic Transformation: the DNA of mild phage is integrated into the chromosome DNA of host bacteria, which changes thebacterial genotype and leads to new genetic characters,Protoplast fusion: refers to the method through which the fusion of protoplasts of two cells with different genetic characters can be used to obtain stable recombinants with both parental genetic traits.H-O mutation: bacteria are mutated from flagella to flagella, such as proteus. (morphological and structural variation)S-R mutation: the mutation of bacteria from smooth to rough, mostly in intestinal bacilli. (colony variation)Toxemia: pathogenic bacteria invade and propagate in the restricted tissues of the organism,Only the exotoxins produced by the bacterium itself does not invade into the blood, blood, tissues and cells in exotoxin effect, clinical symptoms caused by special, such as diphtheria and tetanus bacteria etc..Septicemia: pathogenic bacteria into the bloodstream, and in which a large number of growth and reproduction of toxic metabolites, causing serious systemic poisoning symptoms, such as anthrax and plague, caused by irregular fever, skin and mucosa bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly etc.. Diphtheria and tetanus bacteria, etc..Bacteremia: the pathogen invades the blood flow locally, but does not grow in the blood. It is simply a disease that passes through the bloodstream to the parts of the body. Bacteremiain the early stage of typhoid fever.Sepsis: purulent bacteria invade the bloodstream, multiply in it, and pass through blood flow to other organs or tissues of the body, producing new purulent foci. Such as Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, can lead to multiple liver abscess, subcutaneous abscess, renal abscess and so on.Normal flora: normal human body surface and the outside of the same cavity mucosa, there are different types and quantities, harmless and beneficial to the human microbial flora, known as the normal flora.Conditional pathogenic bacteria: when the ecological balance between the normal flora and the host is unbalanced, the pathogenic bacteria causing no disease cause the host to come into being, and the opportunistic group is called opportunistic bacteria, that is, conditional pathogenic bacteria.The virulence of pathogens: the ability of adsorption is bacterial host body, to the body in vivo invasion, settlement, growth and reproduction, spread to the expansion of the surrounding tissue, the host defense function and damage resistance, the sum of the host toxin and a series of ability.Strain: any purebred population and its progeny produced by an isolated single cell (or a single virion).Colony: a visible bacterial colony formed after the culture of a single bacterium for a certain period of time.Disinfection: a method of killing pathogenic microorganisms on an object, but not necessarily killing bacterial spores, such as alcohol used for injection.Sterilization: the method of killing all pathogenic microorganisms (including pathogens, non pathogens, propagules, and spores) of an object,Antisepsis: the method of preventing and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria in vitro, bacteria generally do not die. Chemical additives such as food.Mycoplasma: the smallest prokaryotic cell type microorganism that has no cell wall and can grow on nonliving medium.Chlamydia: strictly parasitic in eukaryotic cells, has a unique developmental cycle, can pass through the filter of prokaryotic cell type microorganisms.Rickettsia: is a kind of closely related to arthropods (lice, fleas, ticks, mites) and other closely related, in the living cells of the parasitic type of prokaryotic microorganisms.Leptospira: a slender, soft, spiral, active prokaryotic cell type of microorganism. Its basic structure is similar to that of bacteria, such as cell wall, primitive nuclear cytoplasm, reproduction in two division way and resistance to antibiotics such as biotin.Filamentous bacteria: distributed in aquatic environment, moist soil and activated sludge. There are iron bacteria, suchas: planktonic fungus, spring bacteria, namely, the genus iron bacteria and genera. Filamentous sulfur bacteria: filamentous bacteria such as the genera Bbe Geatos, S. sp..Some may be due to fungal dimorphic fungus parasitic environment and culture conditions (nutrition, temperature, oxygen etc.) different alternately formed two forms, namely a mold at room temperature, a yeast type single cell at 37 degrees Celsius or in vivo, these fungi are bidirectional, so called binary or fungi two fungi.Mycelium: a type of vegetative body that is made up of many hyphae, called myceliumYeast: known as Ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, several single cell fungus. It can be used in brewing production, and some of them are pathogenic bacteria. It is a model organism for genetic engineering and cell cycle studiesYeast like bacteria: the appearance of yeast like colonies, but it can be seen in the culture medium of the pseudo mycelium, it is formed by elongated spores, such as Candida albicans.Spore: it is the reproductive organ of fungi, and many spores can be produced on one mycelium. When the environmental conditions are appropriate,Spores can develop into hyphae and develop into mycelia.High pressure steam sterilization is the best sterilization method and the most widely used sterilization method at present.Usually the pressure is 1.05kg/cm2, the temperature is 121.3 degrees, lasts 15-30 minutes. Kill all microbes including bacterial spores. This method is suitable for sterilization of high temperature and moist goods, such as physiological saline, common media, surgical instruments, etc..BCG: that is BCG vaccination, infants and newborns as the main object of vaccination, generally in the 6~8 weeks after vaccination, such as TB test seroconversion, indicating that the vaccine has immunity, if the negative should be vaccinated again.Virus: is small (nm measure), with the help of the electron microscope to observe that the structure is more simple (protein capsid wrapped with a nucleic acid group), is a kind of non microbial cell type super parasitic or replicated only in live cells infected in the.Capsomere: virus capsid protein subunits, each containing one or a plurality of capsomere polypeptides. According to the number and arrangement of capsomere, the virus coat shell is divided into three-dimensional symmetric, symmetric and symmetric spiral composite type.Spines: the spinous structures projecting to the envelope of certain viruses, such as HA and NA of influenza viruses, two spines. Spines are antigenic and related to infected cells.A virus nucleocapsid core (nucleic acid) and capsid (protein) structure.Interferon: a glycoprotein with antiviral activity, which is produced by virus or interferon inducerInactivation: all the physical and chemical factors that can destroy the composition and structure of the virus can make the virus lose infectivity, which is called inactivation.Vertical transmission: the mode of transmission of a virus directly from the parent to the offspring through the placenta or the birth canal.Interference phenomenon: when two viruses infect a host cell simultaneously, one virus often inhibits the other virus.Interferon: a class of secreted proteins with broad-spectrum antiviral, antitumor and immunomodulatory functions. According to the differences in the origin, physical and chemical properties and biological activities of interferon producing cells, they can be divided into interferon alpha -1b, interferon beta and interferon gamma.Retrovirus: RNA virus that encodes a reverse transcriptase. The viral RNA genome can be transcribed into viral DNA and integrated into the host chromosome.HIV:, human immunodeficiency virus. RNA virus causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related diseases. The virus mainly invades CD4 T cells, CD4 monocytes and B lymphocytesAIDS: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is classified into two types: type HIV-1 and type HIV-2, which are infectiousdiseases caused by human infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Antibiotic: some microorganisms can produce substances that can inhibit or kill other microorganisms or cancer cells in the process of metabolism.Culture medium: the nutrients needed for the growth and reproduction of artificial bacteria, and the appropriate pH (7.2-7.6) for the culture of bacterial substances after sterilization.Identification medium: using different bacteria decomposition of metabolites and their metabolites, can be applied to contain certain substances and indicators of the medium to culture bacteria, for identification, such as sugar fermentation medium.Selective medium: using bacterial sensitivity to various chemicals, certain chemical substances added in the culture medium, to inhibit the growth of bacteria, is conducive to the growth of bacteria separation, such as SS agar.Solid medium: in a certain amount of coagulant liquid medium supplemented with the solid state is the solid culture medium.Semi solid culture medium in a certain amount of coagulant liquid medium supplemented with the solid state is the solid culture medium.Immune response: the process of activation, proliferation,differentiation and production of immune cells in vivo is called immune response after the recipient is stimulated by antigenic substance.Antigen: refers to stimulate the body to produce (specific) immune response, and can be combined with immune response product antibody and sensitized lymphocytes in vitro,A substance that produces an immune response (a specific response).Hapten: antigen that can react with the corresponding antibody to produce antigen antibody reaction, but cannot stimulate human or animal body to produce antibodies alone. It is only immunogenic, not immunogenic, also known as incomplete antigen.Immunogen: a substance with immunogenicity and reactivity. Also known as immunogen. Immunogenicity refers to the ability to stimulate the immune response of the immune cells. Reactivity refers to the ability of antigen to react specifically with antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to produce visible reactions.Leukocyte antigen: a glycoprotein on the surface of human T cells. It plays a key role in the identification of T cell antigens, and is classified into class I, class II and class III histocompatibility antigens.Antibody: B cell specific recognition of Ag, proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells, the synthesis of secretedand can be combined with the specific antigen, immune function of globulin.Immunoglobulin: a globulin that has antibody activity or a chemical structure similar to an antibody. It can be divided into two types: secretory type and membranous type.Adjuvant: non-specific immune enhancer, which can enhance the immune response or change the type of immune response when injected with antigen or injected into the body.TD-Ag: thymus dependent antigen. T cells are required to produce antibodies when stimulating B cells, so it is called TD-Ag. Such as cell, virus and all kinds of protein are TD antigen. TD-Ag activates mature B cells and induces the production of lgG antibodies that can cause memory response. It can also induce cellular immune responseTI-Ag: thymus dependent antigen antibody production in B cells when stimulated T cells do not need auxiliary, so called TI-Ag. This kind of antigen containing only B cell epitopes, only the activation of immature B cells, induce antibody was only IgM.Complement: a group of proteins that are enzymatically active after activation in serum and tissue fluid of normal people and animals.APC: antigen presenting cell: a cell that has the ability to ingest, process, and present antigen. It is a part of innate immunity (innate immunity).Immune cells: immune cells are the cells involved in immune response or immune response. Including lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes / macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells and so on.Immunocompetent cells: cells that are involved in immune response or immune response, commonly referred to as immune cellsHumoral immunity: the immune mechanism by which B cells produce antibodies to achieve protection.Cellular immunity: T cells by antigen stimulation, proliferation, differentiation, transformation for sensitized T cells (also called effector T cells), when the same antigen again into the body cells, sensitized T cells (T cells) synergistic effects of cytokines and sensitized T cells to release directly the killing of antigens, immune cells called.Hypersensitivity: the pathological immune response caused by the continuous stimulation of specific antigen or the re stimulation of the same antigen and the dysfunction of tissue and / or tissue.Artificial automatic immunization: refers to the use of artificial immune methods, vaccines, toxoid and vaccine and other immunogen inoculated to the human body, so that the host's own immune system to produce specific immunity to the relevant infectious diseases.Artificial immunity: the use of artificial methods input immuneeffects generated by others or to the animal body, such as immune serum, lymphokines, the body immediately acquired immunity, to prevent a disease to. It is characterized by quick action and immediate action after input. However, because the immune system is not produced by the autoimmune system, it is easy to be cleared, so the immune function is maintained for a short time, generally only 2~3 weeks. It is mainly used for treatment and emergency prevention.Dead vaccine: choose the bacteria with strong immunity, virus, Rickettsia, helicoid and so on. The vaccine is called dead vaccine after being cultured in large quantities and killed by physical or chemical methods.Live vaccine: live vaccine means to make bacteria or viruses mutate under artificial conditions, lose pathogenicity, but retain immunogenicity and reproduction ability and residual virulence,After inoculation, there is a certain degree of reproduction or replication in the human body, similar to a light natural infection process, but it does not lead to human disease.Diphtheria pertussis tetanus triple vaccine: pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine as DPT vaccine, which is composed of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid according to the proper proportion, for the prevention of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus, three kinds of diseases.Differential virulence: the so-called differential virulence refers to the virulence difference between the drug to thepathogen and the host tissue. Simply speaking, it is toxic to pathogenic bacteria, and it has little toxicity to human body, which is the difference of virulenceThe classical activation pathway of complement is that the activation of C1r, C1s, C4, C2, and C3 leads to the formation of a cascade enzyme reaction between C3 converting enzyme and C5 converting enzyme by the combination of c1p and activator.Alternative activation pathway: the activation of C3 directly from microorganisms or foreign bodies by the participation of B factors and preparations, and the activation pathway of C3 and C5 converting enzyme to activate the complement cascade reaction.MIC: refers to the minimum concentration of the drug that inhibits bacterial growth.Minimum bactericidal concentration of MBC. It is to take the tube culture fluid of the above end bacteria of MIC end, then remove and move on the sterile plate, and cultivate the minimum concentration of the drug on the plate after several days of asepsis growth.。