2021届高考英语题型解读： 语法填空
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1 语法填空
题型解读
高考语法填空题分为两类，一类无提示词，另一类有提示词，要求写出符合语境的正确形式。
无提示类:一般考查虚词：冠词、介词、连词及代词
提示词类:主要考查时态、被动语态、非谓语以及词的派生。
考情分析
解题思路
第一步：要知道填什么
有提示词时，空格处一般填所给词的变化形式，如名词变复数；动词变成谓语、非谓语；形容词变成副词、比较级等。无提示语时，空格处一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。
特别提醒：知识点不重复考查。
第二步：要知道如何填
空格处最终填什么形式，可以用以下方式进行确认。
◆ 无提示词（冠、介、连、代):
1. 名词前面填______
2. 冠词前面填______、名词前面填介词（短语中）
3. 句子前面填______（横线之后只要有__________即可视为句子）
4. 句子缺少主语、宾语，填__________
◆ 给提示词：
1. 填名词：_______后填名词；_______后填名词；_______后填名词
2. 填副词：_____前后填副词；_________填副词；_____之前填副词；_____之间填副词
3. 填形容词：_______名词前面形容词；_______表语要用形容词
4. 填代词：_____之前填形容词物主代词；_____之后填宾语或反身代词
2
Part I
有提示词
给词类题目占7题。要求根据语境写出所给单词的适当形式。没有限定词数，但一般很少超过3个单词。提示的单词通常是三个动词，其它为名词、形容词或代词。
1、空格处什么情况下填名词？
● 限定词后填名词
● 限定词后填名词
● 动介之后填名词
1) The environmentalists said wild goat’s ____________(appear) on the vast grasslands was good indication of
a better environment.
2) Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _________ (choose) for a wedding
3) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69__________ (change) are gradual
and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （2014全国I）
4) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, 3 pandas are its top 61____________ (attract). （2016全国I）
2、空格处什么情况下填形容词？
● 名词前填形容词
●
表语需用形容词
●
六词后填形容词作宾补
1) We considered his suggestion quite _____________ (reason).
2) It is _______ (good) to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it
trying to make people _______ (good) after they are ill.
3) Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be___________(access) to the kids.
4) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a _________ (high) IQ (智商). (02全国).
5) In this lecture, I can only give you a purely __________ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and
make some suggestions about the future.(10湖北)
3、空格处什么情况下填副词？
● 动词前后填副词
● 句首状语填副词
● 系表之间填副词
● 形副之前填副词
1) __________ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(11安徽)
2) Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a
finger of warning at her. (14湖北) 4 3) The girl used to be shy, but is _________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to
express herself.(15湖北)
4) Volunteering is becoming ___________ (increase) popular in China. People are now aware that helping
others is helping themselves.(10福建)
4、给代词填空
● 名词之前给代词
●
动/介之后给代词
1) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China
decide whether 70_____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.. (2020全国I卷)
2) Those who smoke heavily should remind __________ (them) of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other
people. (2013上海)
3）Bob can ask anyone for help. Everone here is willing to lend ____ (he) a hand.(2014安徽)
5、给动词填空
一般考查以下三点：
● 谓语（时态、被动语态、主谓一致）
● 非谓语 （to do, doing, done)
● 动词变成名词或形容词
(1) 空格处填谓语或非谓语，如何判断？
方法：“瞻前顾后找谓语”
以句子中的标点(逗号、句号、封号)及连词为界限，确认空格所在句子部分中是否有谓语标志，如did/do/does, was/is, have/has/had, will/should, v-s等，如果有，不缺谓语，要填____________; 如果没有，则缺少谓语，要填___________________________。
【说明】空格在标点/连词之前，只需要看标点前的句子部分中有无谓语标志。空格在标点/连词之后，则只需要看标点/连词之后部分中有无谓语标志。如果连词是并列连词(and/or/but)，要填写与连词前后的动词相一致的形式。
（2020山东.语法填空）
...... The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane 38________ (form) the core collection of the British
Museum which opened in 1759. 5 The parts of a museum open to the public 40_________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
museum's collection 41____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
(2) 时态考查 “三原则”
● 被动优先原则
谓语填空时，首先要考虑是否考查被动语态。
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps
pay for research. I 62___________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （16全国I）
● 状语依据原则
句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。
1) 有ago, yesterday, just now, last week...，the day before yesterday, the other day, at one time, sooner, etc时，必
填____________时。
2) 有so far, since, in the last few...days, before (文本为一般现在时), etc 时，填____________时。
3) 有by 1989/last week, by the time + S +v-ed，before(文本为一般过去时)，必填___________时。
4) 有in the future,next week...,in 3 days等时，常填__________时。
(上海) Every few years, the coal worker ______ (have) his lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
(湖南)This coastal area __________ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year.
● 时态一致原则 （语境一致）
