高中英语语法——冠词

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冠词

定冠词 the

不定冠词 a/an

1. 定冠词

1) 定冠词用于单数名词前

You can go across the street now.

2) 定冠词用于复数名词前

Of all the bridges in the world, this is the longest.

3) 用于上文已提到过,下文再次出现的名词前

I brought some apples. The apples are sweet.

4) 用于已被一个词或短语或从句修饰的名词前

The thick book over there is a dictionary.

5) 用于集体名词前

The tennis court is open to the public from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. every day.

6) 用于世界上独一无二的东西前

We can see the moon at night.

7) 用于名词化的动词、形容词、过去分词、序数词

We should do more we can to the living.

8) 用于专有名词前

a) 用于普通名词组成的专有名词前

the United States

Our country is the People’s Republic of China.

b) 用于江、河、湖、海前

Is the Nile the longest river in the world?

c) 表示一个历史时期、事件等

Archaeologists discovered some objects used in the Iron Age.

d) 报刊的名称

We read the New York Times nearly everyday.

9) 定冠词用于固定搭配中

To tell you the truth, I don’t like milk.

10) 用于一个姓氏前,表示一家人

The Whites are in China now.

2. 不定冠词

1) 不定冠词用于可数名词的单数前。一般用“a”,但名词或名词词组是以元音音素开头的要用“an”,如

I want a banana, an orange and an apple.

It is an ugly dog.

有时可用于复数形式表示单数的名词前,如:

When you come to a crossroads, turn left.

2) 用于集体名词前

Ours is a big family.

3) 用于固定的词组中

She was at a loss when she heard the news. 4) 用于由抽象名词转化过来的名词前

She was a beauty when she was in the university.

5) 用于名词化的动名词、形容词、过去分词、叙述此前,表示单数

There is a knocking at the door.

Their son is a dear to them.

He is a handicapped.

I like neither of the shirts. Would you please show me a third?

6) 用于专有名词前

They visited us on a Saturday.

He is Japanese.

3. 零冠词

1) 用于介词后,表示抽象概念的名词前

We start to go to school at six years old.

go to bed

go to some place by bus

in hospital

at home

2) 用于man前,表示人类

Man learnt to fire long long ago.

3) 用于物质名词前

Water is useful.

Lunch is ready.

4) 用于独立主格结构

He was standing there and thinking, pipe in mouth.

5) 零冠词用于一个星期的每一天名称前、一年四季的名称前、每个月的名称前、节假日前

I like winter because Christmas Day is in this season.

They will leave on Monday and will be back in June.

An one-hundred-word composition is rather short.

There is a “h” in the word “hour”.

Some a lady left message there.

Let me have try.

Sun is very hot.

Don’t talk to a boy over there.

He is in the hospital now. He is seriously ill.

Public showed great interest in the discussion.

She swam across England Channel last August.

Un一、定义与分类

冠词是位于名词前用来说明该名词含义的虚词(在现代英语中冠词被称为限定词)。传统语法通常将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类,但现代英语通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a和an两种形式,其中a用干以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;而定冠词只有the—种形式;现代英语中说的零冠词,其实指的就是既不用定冠词,也不用不定冠词的情况。

二、不定冠词的主要用法

1. 泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。如:

A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。

A teacher shouldn't talk like that. 教师不应当那样讲话。

2. 笼统地指某类人或物中的某一个,但又不具体说明是哪一个。如:

The police caught a thief. 警察抓了一个小偷。

3. 表示数量“一”(但不与two, three等相对比)。如:

It took me a year to save up for a new coat. 我用了一年时间才省出钱买一件新大衣。

4. 表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”(=per)。如:

We meet twice a week. 我们每星期见两次面。

They are sold at two dollars a dozen. 它们的售价是每打两美元。

5. 用于序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”。如:

We'll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。

We have put forward a third plan. 我们已提出了第三个方案。

6. 在某些物质名词前表示“一杯(罐,瓶)等”。如:

A coffee (tea, beer), please. 请来杯咖啡(茶,啤酒)。

7. 用于具体化了的抽象名词前。如:

He was a success in business. 他事业成功。

It's a pleasure to talk with you. 与你谈话是件令人愉快的事。

8. 在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”。如:

A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位姓史密斯的先生想见你。

He thought he was a Zhu Geliang. 他自以为是诸葛亮。

9. 用于of短语中表示“同一”(=the same)。如:

Tom and Kate are of an age. 汤姆与凯特年纪一样大。

三、定冠词的主要用法

1. 表示特指。如:

Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?

Pass me the magazine on the desk. 请把桌上的杂志递给我。

2. 表示独一无二的人或事物。如:

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

3. 表示方向或方位。如:

The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

4. 用于单数名词前表示类别。如:

I hate the telephone. 我讨厌电话。

The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。

注:有时用于形容词前表示类别。如:

The rich are not always happier than the poor.

富人并不总是比穷人过得开心。

The British are very proud of their sense of humor.

英国人为自己的幽默感而自豪。

5. 用于序数词或最高级前。如: You will be the first to speak. 你将第一个发言。

He was considered to be the best player. 他被认为是最佳选手。

注:表示名次的序数词前的定冠词以及副词最高级前的定冠词通常可以省略。如:

He took (the) first place. 他获得了第一名。

She works (the) hardest. 她工作最努力。

6. 用于乐器名词前。如:

He plays the piano very well. 他钢琴弹得很好。

7. 用于姓氏的复数前。如:

The Greens have no children. 格林夫妇没有小孩。

The Smiths live next to us. 史密斯一家就住在我们隔壁。

8. 用来代替前面已提到的人的身体部位或衣着等的一部分。如:

He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。

9. 用于逢整十数词的复数前。如:

He was born in the sixties. 他生干60年代。

10. 用于江、河、海、洋、山等名词前。如:

The Yellow River is China's second longest river. 黄河是中国第二大河。

11. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:

The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.

秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预订了房间。

四、零冠词的用法

1. 用于非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前。如:

Sunday comes before Monday. 星期曰在星期一之前。Won't you stay for lunch?

不留在这儿吃午饭吗?

I must finish it by the end of July. 我必须在1月底前完成它。

2. 用于球类、棋类和游戏以及含day的节日前。如:

Did you use to play football? 你过去常踢足球吗?