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ExercisesPart one: choose the correct answer:1.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland2.The longest river in Britain is ___A. River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MercyD. River Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in ____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ___.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in ____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North Sea7. The English people are descendant of ___.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes8. London dialect was once disseminated throught the country Not because London was ____.A. a commercial centerB. a political centerC. a printing centerD. a linguistic center9. The established church of Britain is ____A. The Church of EnglandB. The Church of ScotlandC. Free churchesD. The United Reformed Church10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by ____A. stagnationB. inflationC. recoveryD. stagflation11. Britain is the ____ largest country invested and the investor abroad.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by ____.A. SARSB. BSEC. AIDSD. None of the above13. The central bank in Britain is ____.A. LloydB. BarclayC. MidlandD. the Bank of EnglandPart Two Fill in the blanks:1. The total area of Britain is about ____ square kilometers.2. The chief ranges in England are the ____ and the ____ Mountains.3. The English people are the descendant of ____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the ____.4. The major languages spoken in Britain are ___，____ and ____.5. The fishing industry provides ____ % of the UK demand for fish.6. The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest ____ company in the world.7. The German company named ___ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover.Part Three: Match:1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of Britain2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of Britain3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in Hunberside4. Manchester d, the largest city in Britain5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in Britain6. London f, the district of Merseyside7. Birmingham g, the largest city in Scotland8. Belfast h, the capital of Wales9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern Ireland10. Cardiff j, the capital of ScotlandPart Four Explain the following terms:1.the backbone of England2.the English Channel3.invisible trade4.the development areas5.God Save the QueenPart Five answer the questions1.What language is the official language? What other languages are spoken in the U.K? and in which part of the country are they spoken mainly？2.What are the three Germanic tribes who form the basis of the modern British people?3.What does Britain import and export?4.What are the characteristics of the British economy?5.What minerals in the U.K. rich in?答案Exercises:Part one: choose the correct answer:3.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in __B__.A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4.The longest river in Britain is _A__A. River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MercyD. River Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in __D__.A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _A__.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate? AA. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in __C__.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North Sea7. The English people are descendant of _C__.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes8. London dialect was once disseminated through the country Not because London was _D___.A. a commercial centerB. a political centerC. a printing centerD. a linguistic center9. The established church of Britain is _A___A. The Church of EnglandB. The Church of ScotlandC. Free churchesD. The United Reformed Church10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by __D__A. stagnationB. inflationC. recoveryD. stagflation11. Britain is the __A__ largest country invested and the investor abroad.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by _B___.A. SARSB. BSEC. AIDSD. None of the above13. The central bank in Britain is _D___.A. LloydB. BarclayC. MidlandD. the Bank of EnglandPart Two Fill in the blanks:1.The total area of Britain is about __242534__ square kilometers (1993).2.The chief ranges in England are the _Pennines___ and the __ Cumbrian __ Mountains.3.The English people are the descendant of _Anglo-Saxons___, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the _Celts___.4.The major languages spoken in Britain are _English__，__Gaelic__ and _Welsh___.5.The fishing industry provides _55___ % of the UK demand for fish.6.The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest _drug___ company in the world.7.The German company named __BMW_ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover.Part Three: Match:F 1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of BritainC 2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of BritainA 3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in HunbersideB 4. Manchester d, the largest city in BritainG 5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in BritainD 6. London f, the district of MerseysideE 7. Birmingham g, the largest city in ScotlandI 8. Belfast h, the capital of WalesJ 9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern IrelandH 10. Cardiff j, the capital of ScotlandPart Four Explain the following terms:6.the backbone of England: It refers to the Pennines, the broadridge of hills7.the English Channel: The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.8.invisible trade: It refers to the trade related to profits, dividends and capital investment.9.the development areas: These areas refer to the relatively poor areas of the north and west of England.10.God Save the Queen: It is the national anthem of U.K.Part Five answer the questions6.What language is the official language? What other languages are spoken in the U.K? and in which part of the country are they spoken mainly？The official language is English, but in Wales one in four people speak Welsh, in Scotland, about 8000 people in the Highlands speak Gaelic language.7.What are the three Germanic tribes who form the basis of the modern British people? The three Germanic tribes refer to the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes who invaded Britain.8.What does Britain import and export? Britain imports food and raw materials and exports manufactures.9.What are the characteristics of the British economy? The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world’s most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world’s foreign trade. The agriculture doesnot produce enough food to meet the country’s basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.10.What minerals in the U.K. rich in? The U.K. is rich in coal, iron, tin, copper, lead, silver and so on.。
英美概况习题精选revised(含答案)Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The highest mountain peak in Britain isin _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell 5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three 6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4.A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into ChineseUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡格林尼治 5..The Britain Isles大不列颠岛Thames River 泰晤士河Severn River塞汶河Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区爱丁堡格拉斯哥12. Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教 xx年大战3. Short Parliament短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. ―Glorious Revolution‖光荣革命8. the Wars ofRoses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Armada a. flower of the feudalism 2. knights b. peasant leader 3. Watt Tyler c. state church 4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy 5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet 6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology (1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c) V. True or False1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2. The Hundred Year‘s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy. ( )Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first beganin the industry. A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building 2.invented the ―spinning Jenny.‖A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt 3. The author of Wealth of Nations is. A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert Owen Keys:4II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the ―Spinning Jenny‖4. b James Watt d. the power loom III. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector 3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking.In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?5Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The highest mountain peak in Britain isin _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell 5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three 6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4.A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into ChineseUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡格林尼治 5..The Britain Isles大不列颠岛Thames River 泰晤士河Severn River塞汶河Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区爱丁堡格拉斯哥12. Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教 xx年大战3. Short Parliament短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. ―Glorious Revolution‖光荣革命8. the Wars ofRoses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Armada a. flower of the feudalism 2. knights b. peasant leader 3. Watt Tyler c. state church 4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy 5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet 6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology (1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c) V. True or False1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2. The Hundred Year‘s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy. ( )Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first beganin the industry. A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building 2.invented the ―spinning Jenny.‖A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt 3. The author of Wealth of Nations is. A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert Owen Keys:4II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the ―Spinning Jenny‖4. b James Watt d. the power loom III. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector 3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly wageda war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking.In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?5。
Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuriesBC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class andthe townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normansfoe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4. The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. British Cabinet works on the principle of AA. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic developmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2. In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483. The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4. Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6. Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8. Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39. The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10. Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the DA. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4. Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5. To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7. Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9. Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in BA. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6. In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7. Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8. The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9. President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States CA. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights BA. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5. All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8. The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9. The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10. The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except DA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8. The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10. At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1. Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7. Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9. Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10. The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。
![英美概况习题及答案[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/71b2ccc9846a561252d380eb6294dd88d0d23de4.png)
英美概况习题及答案[1]英国概况1.The Capital of Wales is _____.A SwanseaB CardiffC RhondaD Belfast2.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.A the Liberal PartyB the Democratic PartyC the Labour PartyD the Republican Party5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103516. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165322. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval25. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ inEngland.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism41. In 1689 the ―Bill of Rights‖ was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 1761C. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells1.B2.C 5A 11. B 16 A. 17 A 21. A 22. A 25 C 26.C 30B 31.B 41. A 53.A10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.1.II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris T ory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolationSettlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinetPolitical System1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is_____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 63510. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister16. _____ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives,the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent LabourParty and the Fabian Society in 1900.A. The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal Party.17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____. A. Roundheads B. Loyalists C. the Whigs1-5CABBB 6-10CAABA 11.A 15.A 16.B 17.A 28.BI. Fill in the Blanks23. The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.24. During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans whosupported the king and church were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.25. In 1833 the T ory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ became liberals.1. Queen Elizabeth II 1952 Prime Minister Crown Crown, Lords, Commons Parliament Queen 13th Commons finance Upper Westminster Palace 1911, 1949 constituencies President of the Chamber Government, Opposition Privy Council No. 10 Downing Street executive, clerical parishes chairman borough, city Conservative, Liberal loyalists, Parliament Men Conservative, Whig grants 5 18 Returning Officer 651 Lords Criminal jury 15, 12 Court, Bar Home Secretary Scotland YardGeography12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain isthe following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect36. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACB CBBCD BADAA CBABA CBDNorthwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the QueenNorth West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal15. The English Civil War is also called _____A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A1．Choose the best answer for each of the questionbelow．4．Christianity was brought to Britain__________．A．directly by the Roman priests B．directly by traders and soldiers C．directly by the Pope D．indirectly by trader and soldiers 12．The Doomsday Book was completed in__________．A．1083 B．1084 C．1085 D．108616．King John was forced to put his seal to Magna Carter__________．A．on July 9,1215 B．June 19.1215 C．June 14,1381 D．July 15,131817．The spirit of Magna Carter was__________.A．A limitation of the powers of the king B．the foundation of English libertiesC．a limitation of the powers of the barons D．an expansion of the powers of tie king22．William，Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings inA．1065 B．1066 C．1067 D．106860. Parliament has the following functions except______.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the Government65. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the______centuries.A.l2th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th1A 4 D 9.B 12 D 15 C 16. B 17.A 22. B 36. C 41. A 60. C 65 . A42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of T echnology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC.the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention42. C 43. D 44. A 51. B 52. B 55. B 58. C 60. DII. Fill in the blanks:11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported________, while the Roundheads supported _______. 13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13.Commonwealth, Lord Protector 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th美国概况1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.A George WashingtonB Thomas JeffersonC William PennD Benjamin Franklin2 The New Deal was started by _____.A Franklin RooseveltB J.K. KennedyC GeorgeWashington D Thomas Jefferson3 The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land areas.A secondB thirdC fourthD fifth5 The Bill of Rights consists of _____.A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB 10 amendments adopted in 1787C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.A according to their populationB according to their sizeC according to their tax paid to federal governmentD equally1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。
How did morden development in Europe inflence the settlement of north America coloniesAn:The English permanent settlements in north America began in the 17th century when wetern Europe was undergoing great changes.By the 16th century ,some new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America .The first new force was the development of captalism The next major force that brought about the modern development of Europe Revolution was the Renaissance .The third influential orce was the Religious Reformation,a religious reform movement that started from Germany.Against the background of those emerging new forces,the 13 English colonies that would become the United States of America were planted in North America.What were some of the causes of the America RevolutionAn:Internal reason：By the early 1760s,the 13 English colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics,economy and culture life and enjoyed the same frontier environment,The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World;External reason:1As a result,the British government began to charge new taxes on sugar,coffee,textiles and other imported goods.2After the Seven Y ear’s War .The Quartering Act passsed by British Parliament forced the colonies the house and feed British soldiers.Main contents of the ConstitutionAn:1The Constitution set up a federal systerm with a strong central government.2The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader or president.3It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people.4It provided for national court systerm headed by a Supreme CourtThe characteristics of the constitution of the United StatesAn:1Checks and Balance:Each branch has powers that the others do not have and each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.2Sharing power:the Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states.What are the great changes which the industrial revolution brought the AmericaAn:After the Independence War America was mainly an argriculture country.But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the 18th century did not take long to cross the Atlantic.It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.1One key development was the introduction of the factory systerm.2A second development was the “American systerm”of mass production which originated in the development was the application of new technologies the industrial tasks.4A forth development was the emergency of new of business organization,notably the bank and the corporation,which facilitated the growth of industry.5Finally,the construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s,marked the start of a new era for the United States.The advantages of corporationAn:1Unlike those types of business,the corporation survived the death of its founder or founders.2Because it could draw on a pool of investors,it was a much more efficient tool or raising the large amount of capital needed by expanding business.3As it finally evolved,it enjoyed limited liability,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United StatesAn: in America, religious freedom has its historic tradition,swhich can be dated back to the colonial era among such early colonies as new England,Marryland and Pennsyluania.People came to this colonies maily because they wanted to escape religious persecution and pursued religious freedom.In the 16th ,17th ,there were some religious reformation which influenced America ter in the 1791,the Bill of Rights guaranteed Americans religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States.What are some of the features in religious that are particularly AmericanAn: Some phenomena in American religion are uniquely American.1First of all ,American with different religious live toghether under the same law.2Secongly,the religious beliefs of American continue to be strong with social progress.3Thirdly,in the United States every church is a completely independence organization,and concerned with its own finance and its own building.Some qualification for American students to enter a universityAn: Successful applicants at such cilleges are usually chosen on the basis of 1.their high school records2.recommendations from their high school teachers3.the impression they make during interviews at the university4.their scores on the Scholstic Aptitude Test (SA Ts)What is the naturalism.List at least 3 novelists and their worksAn:The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thoughts and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of raslism :American naturalism.In a word ,naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less aympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.1Stephen Crane <The Red Badge of Courage>,<Maggie>,<A Girl of The Street>;2Theodore Dreiser <Sister Carrie>,<The Titan>,<The American Tragedy>;3Upton Sinclair<The Jungle>。
《英美概况》试题（附答案）《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.B. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territ ory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan。
ExercisesPart one: choose the correct answer:1.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland2.The longest river in Britain is ___A. River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MercyD. River Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in ____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ___.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in ____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North Sea7. The English people are descendant of ___.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes8. London dialect was once disseminated throught the country Not because London was ____.A. a commercial centerB. a political centerC. a printing centerD. a linguistic center9. The established church of Britain is ____A. The Church of EnglandB. The Church of ScotlandC. Free churchesD. The United Reformed Church10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by ____A. stagnationB. inflationC. recoveryD. stagflation11. Britain is the ____ largest country invested and the investor abroad.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by ____.A. SARSB. BSEC. AIDSD. None of the above13. The central bank in Britain is ____.A. LloydB. BarclayC. MidlandD. the Bank of EnglandPart Two Fill in the blanks:1. The total area of Britain is about ____ square kilometers.2. The chief ranges in England are the ____ and the ____ Mountains.3. The English people are the descendant of ____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the ____.4. The major languages spoken in Britain are ___，____ and ____.5. The fishing industry provides ____ % of the UK demand for fish.6. The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest ____ company in the world.7. The German company named ___ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover.Part Three: Match:1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of Britain2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of Britain3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in Hunberside4. Manchester d, the largest city in Britain5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in Britain6. London f, the district of Merseyside7. Birmingham g, the largest city in Scotland8. Belfast h, the capital of Wales9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern Ireland10. Cardiff j, the capital of ScotlandPart Four Explain the following terms:1.the backbone of England2.the English Channel3.invisible trade4.the development areas5.God Save the QueenPart Five answer the questions1.What language is the official language? What other languages are spoken in the U.K? and in which part of the country are they spoken mainly？2.What are the three Germanic tribes who form the basis of the modern British people?3.What does Britain import and export?4.What are the characteristics of the British economy?5.What minerals in the U.K. rich in?答案Exercises:Part one: choose the correct answer:3.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in __B__.A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4.The longest river in Britain is _A__A. River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MercyD. River Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in __D__.A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD.Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _A__.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate? AA. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in __C__.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North Sea7. The English people are descendant of _C__.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes8. London dialect was once disseminated through the country Not because London was _D___.A. a commercial centerB. a political centerC. a printing centerD. a linguistic center9. The established church of Britain is _A___A. The Church of EnglandB. The Church of ScotlandC. Free churchesD. The United Reformed Church10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by __D__A. stagnationB. inflationC. recoveryD. stagflation11. Britain is the __A__ largest country invested and the investor abroad.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by _B___.A. SARSB. BSEC. AIDSD. None of the above13. The central bank in Britain is _D___.A. LloydB. BarclayC. MidlandD. the Bank of EnglandPart Two Fill in the blanks:1.The total area of Britain is about __242534__ square kilometers (1993).2.The chief ranges in England are the _Pennines___ and the __ Cumbrian __ Mountains.3.The English people are the descendant of _Anglo-Saxons___, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the _Celts___.4.The major languages spoken in Britain are _English__，__Gaelic__ and _Welsh___.5.The fishing industry provides _55___ % of the UK demand for fish.6.The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest _drug___ company in the world.7.The German company named __BMW_ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover.Part Three: Match:F 1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of BritainC 2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of BritainA 3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in HunbersideB 4. Manchester d, the largest city in BritainG 5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in BritainD 6. London f, the district of MerseysideE 7. Birmingham g, the largest city in ScotlandI 8. Belfast h, the capital of WalesJ 9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern IrelandH 10. Cardiff j, the capital of ScotlandPart Four Explain the following terms:6.the backbone of England: It refers to the Pennines, the broadridge of hills7.the English Channel: The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.8.invisible trade: It refers to the trade related to profits, dividends and capital investment.9.the development areas: These areas refer to the relatively poor areas of the north and west of England.10.God Save the Queen: It is the national anthem of U.K.Part Five answer the questions6.What language is the official language? What other languages are spoken in the U.K? and in which part of the country are they spoken mainly？The official language is English, but in Wales one in four people speak Welsh, in Scotland, about 8000 people in the Highlands speak Gaelic language.7.What are the three Germanic tribes who form the basis of the modern British people? The three Germanic tribes refer to the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes who invaded Britain.8.What does Britain import and export? Britain imports food and raw materials and exports manufactures.9.What are the characteristics of the British economy? The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world’s most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world’s foreign trade. The agriculture doesnot produce enough food to meet the country’s basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.10.What minerals in the U.K. rich in? The U.K. is rich in coal, iron, tin, copper, lead, silver and so on.。
《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。
《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestB. C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in theNorth America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle To m’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable lifeof the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. Theyare knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and_____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.” A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18.D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35.A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52.B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69.C 70.D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-eastare mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them,the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former werethe forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textileand other machinery.f the world.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” o18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its ownleader and “______ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guiltybeyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and_____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared withGanada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in fivemoves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, L ord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, districtcouncils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service,social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32.eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the ContinentalDivide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall: I t was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out ofthe area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons toadvise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 anddefeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. Heestablished a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king.William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting.After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials tocompile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of ageneral survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on JudgementDay.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he wasforced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Thoughit has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of theking’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that lastfrom 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimedthe French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English weresuccessful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. Theexpelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.War. She8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killedbetween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended andlabour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House ofYork between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the whiteone. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’ｓpersecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is als remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales andIreland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism andof great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the kingand condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord ofProtector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutionalmonarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the rightto religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchyand were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and becamethe Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motionthat could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.ed like an18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managindustrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, andoutputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to givethe maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The BritishConstitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law andconventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and wascrowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seatsbecomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Oppositio are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, toseek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the nextgeneral election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign privateadvice on the gov ernment of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the (“privy”)Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership isabout 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland,and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decidethe issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Actsof Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is basedupon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help theindividual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to abilityand provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boysfamous schools public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They areLake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, NewHampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. Peopleborn in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a seriesof amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states forratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider whatshould be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise theArticles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution wasratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding governmentregulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbersof people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18,1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungaryand the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrinein a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced theMarshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion,the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, eachhas part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, theactions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This called “checks and balances”．IV. Answer briefly the following questions.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? —— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britainsuccessfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never atotal occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?—— It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. SoWilliam led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings,William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England,thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?——The Norman Conquest of 1066 isone of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rulewith a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The churchwas brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civilcourts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, orthe Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without theapproval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of hisproperty except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4)London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be thesame weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of theChurch and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitationof the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?——Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th centuryand spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1)English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeansunder the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social andpolitical history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature wasvigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them;。
《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）《英美概况》试题(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ w ar starte d in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan P olice Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free education。
Chapter 1 General Study of UKI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the best one to complete the statement.1. The national flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____crosses.A. oneB. TwoC. threeD. four2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland3. The largest lake in Britain is ______.A. Loch LomondB. the Lough NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater4. The Lake District is well-known for________.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three5. The British Isles are made up of______.A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland6. Among the four political divisions of Britain, __________ is the most densely populated.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland7. The capital of Scotland is __________.A. BelfastB. CardiffC. EdinburghD. Dublin8. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______ which brings about affluent rain to theBritish Isles.A. the Atlantic Gulf StreamB. the equatorC. the Pacific CurrentD. the Brazil currentII. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.2. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”.3. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth.4. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.5. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.6. God Save the Queen is a national anthem used only in Britain.7. The highest point of the Pennines is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.III. Fill in the blanks1. The capital of the Scotland is ___________, the capital of Wales is ________ , the capital of the Republic of Ireland is __________ and the capital of Northern Ireland is _____________.2. The highest peak of Britain is __________. It is located in the Highlands of Scotland.3. _________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.4. _______________ is the longest river in Britain.5. The “Backbone of England” refers to the __________________.6. ______________ is the most important river in London.7. _________________ is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland.8. The British national anthem is ____________________.9. The British Isles are made up of two large islands- _____________ and ___________, and hundreds of small ones.10. The three political divisions on the island of Great Britain are _________, ________, and _______.IV. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions.1. What is the general climate in Britain?2. What does “UK ” stand for?3. What is UK made up of?Chapter 2 General Study of USAI. Fill in the blanks.1. The full name of US is _________________.2. The USA consists of _____ states and a federal district of ______________.3. _______________ located in New York Harbor is a symbol of liberty.4. The national flower and tree of America is ______and _____.5. The nickname of US is __________.6. The capital city of US is __________.7. US can be divided into _____ distinct areas based on the geographical features.8. _________ is the lowest point of America.9. Among the Great Lakes, ________ is completely in America.10. Between the Appalachian and Rochies is the __________.11. The Yellowstone National Park is primarily in ______.12. The largest state in US is __________.13. _______________ is the largest Mississippi tributary measured by water volume.14. The longest river in North America is ____________.15. The most populous city in the United States is_______.16. The Great Lakes include ___________, __________, _________, _________, and __________.II. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. The African Americans is the largest racial minority.2. Mississippi River is the longest river in the world.3. The USA is the fourth largest country in the world in population.4. Los Angeles is home to Hollywood, globally recognized as the center of the motion picture industry.5. “The star-spangled banner” is the national anthem of the USA.Chapter 3 British HistoryI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the best one to complete the statement.1. The English people are descendants of ________.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes2. Britian entered into society of feudalism after the ________ Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. Norman D Danish3. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _______.A. 200B.C. B. 55 B.C. C. 55 A.D. D. 410 A. D.4. The Hundred Years’ War started in _________.A. 1733B. 1453C. 1337D. 13575. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons6. The Wars of Roses were fought between the House of __________ and theHouse of __________.A. Lanchester, YorkB. Lanchester, KentC. Lancaster, KentD. Lancaster, York7. Christmas Day ______, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 1060II. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.2. The Hundred Year’s War is a civil war.3. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.4. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.5. Henry II started the English Reformation and established the Church of England.III. Fill in the blanks1. The England Civil War was also called __________ between two Houses.2. The greatest contribution Romans brought to the English nation is _________.3. _______ was the founder of the English legal system and the Common Law4. It is generally believed that fedualism in England ended with ____________.5. The English Reformation is a reform in ________.6. Bill of Rights means the beginning of the age of _____________.7. _______ was the ancestors of Scots and Irish.8. England and the English language derived from ____________.9. ________ marked the beginning of English fedual society.IV. Explain the following terms in English.1. Norman Conquest of 1066Chapter 4 American HistoryI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the best one to complete the statement.1. The US continental expansion was almost complete by ______.A. 1840B. 1845C. 1846D. 18482. Jamestown, the first successful English colony was built in _________.A. 1598B. 1603C. 1607D. 16203. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in _________.A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston4. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was _________.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Benjamin FranklinC. John AdamsD. George WashingtonII. Fill in the blanks.1. The American continent was first discovered by an Italian sailor ___________.2. The ship ______ took 102 puritans to north America and established the Plymouth colony in 1620.3. ________________, which was adopted on July 4, 1776 by the Congress, officially proclaimed the independence of 13 North American colonies.4. In 1863, Lincoln issued the ________________ which liberated some four million black slaves in the seceded states.5. The famous novel ___________written by Harriet Beecher Stowe made a great stir in the northern states and the novel became an instant best seller.6. The battle of _____________is the turning point in the American Civil War.7. American Civil War took place between _______ and ________.8. ________ announced the liberation of black slaves for the first time in American history.III. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False.1. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607.2. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard.3. The early settlers in all these 13 colonies were from different European countries, but the majority of them came from England.4. The Battle of Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.5. Boston Tea Party was the direct cause of the American War of Independence.Chapter 5 British PoliticsI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the best one to complete the statement.1. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in theUnited Kingdom.A.Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House2. The British Prime Minister is appointed by __________ and he or she always sits in _______.A. the Queen, the House of CommonsB. the Speaker, the House of LordsC. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsD. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords3. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament.4. The party that has the majority of seats in ________ will form the government.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Cabinet5. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the ________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Shadow Cabinet6. The House of Commons consists of ________ Members of Parliament.A. 651B. 1,200C. 1,198D. 7637. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election in Great Britain?A. members in the house of CommonsB. Lords in the House of LordsC. the UK citizens above the age of 18D. the UK citizens of the Irish Republic8.The party which wins the second largest numbers of seats at the House ofcommons is called __________.A.the frontbenchersB. the backbenchersC. the shadow cabinetD. the Opposition9. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ________.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC.the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords10. Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in ______.A. 1951B. 1952C. 1953D. 195411. Among the following members the first one to succeed to the throne is _____________.A. t he king’s brotherB. the catholic sonC. the protestant daughterD. the protestant son12. The monarch’s eldest daughter is usually called ___________.A. princess of WalesB. princess royalC. princess daughterD. female prince of Wales13. Most of the practical work of the government is done by __________.A. the prime ministerB. the cabinet ministersC. the heads of departmentsD. the civil servants14. A civil servant must be ______.A. a member of the Party in powerB. a member of parliamentC. active in politicsD. politically neutral15. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except the ___.A. the Quee n’s BenchB. the Chancellor DivisionC. the Family DivisionD. the Criminal Division16. The House of Lords is presided by __________.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister17. Which is not right to describe the prime minister in Great Britain?A. the head of cabinetB. the head of civil serviceC. the leader of the party in powerD. the head of the country18. The general election in UK normally takes place_______A. every 3 years.B. every 4 years.C. every 5 years.D. every 6 years.II. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False.1. Members of Parliament (MPs) are those who inherit the noble titles.2. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution.3. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.4. In Britain, changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.5. The Queen formally appoints all government office holders except the Prime Minister.6. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.7. The title of the life peer is hereditary.III. Fill in the blanks1. The three major political parties in the UK are __________________, ____________________ and __________________.2. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen ________, and Prince ________ is the heir to the throne.3. The presiding officer of the House of Commons is “ ________.”4. The person who presides over the debate of the Upper House is known as_______.5. British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of _____ and the House of ______.6. The United Kingdom is a __________ monarchy, in which the ________ is the head of state and the __________ is the head of government.IV. Explain the following terms in English.1. constitutional monarchyV. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions.1. What are the two major political parties in Britain?2. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?Chapter 6 American PoliticsI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the best one to complete the statement.1. The power of the state in the US is actually from _____.A. the central governmentB. the state constitutionC. the US ConstitutionD. both B and C2. The terms of the senator and representative are _____ and ____ years respectively.A. two … fourB. six …twoC. two … sixD.two … three3. Presidential appointments of senior officials must be approved by a majority vote in ________.A. CongressB. the House of RepresentativesC. the Supreme CourtD. the Senate4. The American president has all the following powers except ____.A. declaring warsB. making treatiesC. making lawsD. granting pardons5. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is _________.A. to review decisions of the courts of appeB. to review decisions of the federal district courtsC. to try the impeachment caseD. to interpret the US Constitution6. The president's veto can be overriden by two-thirds votes in ________.A. SenateB. the HouseC. the Supreme CourtD. each house7. The number of the presidential elector in each state is equal to the number of ____________.A. its senatorsB. its representativesC. its senators and representativesD. its states8. The American president is actually elected by _____________.A. the HouseB. presidential electorsC. the SenateD. American citizen9.Among the following, which is not the qualification for president in America?A. having received higher educationB. 35 years old on the date of electionC. be an American citizen for 14 yearsD. a natural born citizen in America10.Which of the following is not branch of American federal court system?A. Supreme courtB. Superior courtC. District courtD. Court of appealII. Fill in the blanks.1. The American ___________ is the legislative branch of the Federal Government.2. The___________ is the supreme law of the U.S. and source of all powers of both federal government and state governments.3. American Congress, made up of the______ and _____________ is the law-making and the supreme legislative body of the nation.4. Federalism means the division of powers by the constitution between the ____________ government and _________ governments.5. The Separation of powers in the United States means the allocation of ___________ power to Congress, ___________ power to President and ________ power to the Supreme Court.6. The US constitution allows the president to ________________ in federal criminal cases.7. In general, two-party system in America primarily refers to two major political parties---now ________________ and ________________.8. _____________________founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, is often called the Grand Old Party (GOP).III. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False.1.The separation of powers is one of the basic doctrines in the U.S. Constitution in order toprevent abuse of power.2. Powers of the state government are from the federal government.3. All treaties and all the President’s appointments to high office are subjected to the congress’s approval.4. Under the Constitution, the President is head of the Senate.5. The Secretary of State is mainly concerned with foreign affairs.6. All the bills passed by congress must be signed by the president before becoming laws.7. Federal justices have their jobs for life with good behavior unless they resign, retire or are impeached.8. Both Houses of Congress are directly elected by American people.9. All U.S. citizens from the age of 16, regardless of race, gender, or wealth have right to vote and being voted.10.All of the American judges can hold for life as long as they make no mistakes.IV. Explain the following terms in English.1. FederalismV. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions.1. The form of the U.S. government is based on three main principles, what are they?Chapter 7 American and British EducationI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the best one to complete the statement.1. The world-famous Harvard University is in _____.A. MassachusettsB. New YorkC. WashingtonD.C. D. New England2. Which of the following statements about American education is not true?A. Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory.B. Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious privateorganizations or individuals.C. Most parents send their children into public schools because it provides bettereducational quality.D. Generally, the curriculum in public elementary school is determined byindividual school districts.3.Typically, in America formal education involves three levels except ______.A. preschool educationB. elementary educationC. secondary educationD. post-secondary education4.Who is fully responsible for education in America?A. the Federal government.B. the state governments.C. the national government.D. the Department of Education.5. In the American school system, there are twelve levels called _____.A. classes.B. grades.C. divisions.D. high school.6. _____ is the earliest university in America.A. YaleB. HarvardC. BrownD. Columbia7. Which of the following is not the admission criteria into colleges for high schoolstudents?A. class rankingB. Standardized test scoresC. research abilityD. GPA8. Among the following universities, which is not a member of Ivy League?A. Columbia University.B. Brown University.C. University of Pennsylvania.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology9. In Britain compulsory education presently ends at ______________.A. 14B. 16C. 17D. 1810 Which one is not considered as the most famous boarding private schools in Britain?A. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School11. If a student wants to go to university in Britain，he will take the examination called_____________.A. General Certificate of Education—AdvancedB. General Certificate of Secondary EducationC. the common entrance examinationD. General National V ocational Qualifications.12. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _________.A. private schoolsB. independent schoolsC. state schoolsD. public schoolsII. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. ______ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondaryand higher education.2._____ Children education is compulsory but age for it varies in America.3._____ It is very easy to get a bachelor's degree since America is a great power in education.4._____ SAT and ACT are the most common standardized tests that American students take when applying to college.5. _____ Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 18.6._____ Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.7. _____ Of all the English universities, Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious.8. _____ Grammar schools emphasize academic studies and teach a wide range of subjects.III. Fill in the blanks1. _____ is viewed by public as famous universities.2. The academic degrees in America are the Bachelor’s, the _____ and the Doctor’sdegrees.3. The American children usually graduate from high school at the age of _____.4. In the United States, elementary education begins from ______.5. Most famous universities in the United States are _____institutions.6. American government provides _____ years of compulsroy education.7. The examination all students in England and Wales should take at the end of their compulsory education is ___________________________.8. In the United Kingdom, education is compulsory for all between the ages of ______ and ________.IV. Explain the following terms in English.1. Ivy LeagueChapter 8 British Life and CultureI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the best one tocomplete the statement.1. What is the most popular type of home in England?A. a semi-detached houseB. a detached houseC. a flatD. a terraced house2. In British life, t hree “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults3. In British culture, th ree “ings” include the followin g except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining4. In Britain supper means ___________A. an evening dinnerB. a formal meal in the evening.C. a sumptuous dinner.D. a light meal in the evening.5. High tea in the United Kingdom is ________.A. an early evening meal.B. a mixture of tea and supper.C. a light meal betwen lunch and evening dinner.D. all above.6. Which is incorrect to describe the pub in Britain? ___________A. Many pubs look like one's living room.B. Waiters provide good service to customers.C. Pubs provide people chances to develop frienship with each other.D. Friendly conversations with strangers would not be annoying.7. Generally speaking, the Englishmen are _______.A. talkative in public places.B. hostile to radical changes.C. impatient of waiting for buses.D. quarrelsome.8.If you have a talk with a woman teacher from England, which subject should beavoided?______A. her age.B. her salary.C. her marriage.D. all above.9. When you are waiting for someone in a room, the good manner you show is__________.A. to go around in the room examing things.B. to sit there smoking.C. to sit reading a newspaper or magazine.D. to turn on the TV if there is one.10. Where is the international tennis championship held?A. Wembley.B. Wimbledon.C. St AndrewsD. Clapham.11. Easter Day is celebrated in Britain to commemorate the ________of Jesus Christ.A. comingB. birthC. deathD. resurrection12. The established church of Britain is ________.A. The Church of ScotlandB. Free churchesC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of England13.Among the following, which is the appropriate place where friendlyconversation with strangers are thought to be proper for reserved Englishmen.A. on the streetB. in the officeC. in pubsD. in restaurantsII. Read the statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1.British people like to talk about the weather because it is a subject which wouldnot cause dispute.2. In western countries, you couldn't read others' letters even you are asked to do so.3. Conservatism should be abandoned since it hinders the development of Britain.4. The expression "Thank you" is used often in England because people frequently do a big favor to others.5. Tipping is widely practiced in Britain because people are generous.III. Fill in the blanks1. In terms of marriage no child can marry below the age of _____.2. The nickname for Britain is __________.3. The three world religions are Buddhism, Islam and ________.4. It is said that British people are ________, which means they don’t like small talk.5. British people are usually considered ____________, because they are inclined to be suspicious of anything that is strange or foreign.6. The true royal sport in Britain is _________.IV. Explain the following terms in English.1. ConservativenessChapter 9 American Life and CultureI. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question.1. Americans like the following attitudes except _____.A. self-independenceB. franknessC. equalityD. consideration for others2. The popular foods in America include the following except _____.A. hamburgersB. riceC. pizzaD.hot dogs3. Dining customs in USA include the following except _____.A. being polite to ladiesB. not staying too long after dinnerC. using both handsD. being punctual4. The outstanding characteristic of American society is the diversity of _____.A. climateB. industryC. peopleD.food5. Pioneering spirit of American people is reflected in the following except _____.A. optimisticB. conservativeC. industrialD.high-spirited6. American people are thought to be the following except _______.A. implicitB. outspokenC. independentD.enthusiastic7. Which of the following is an expression of American people's directness?A. Beat about the bushB. In a roundabout wayC. Call a spade a spadeD. Turn a corner here and there8.The proverb "God help those who help themselves" expresses which aspect of American people's character?A. friendlyB. outspokenC. self-reliantD. informal9.Which of the following is not true about American materialism?A. Materialism is a symbol of decadence.B. Materialism is an integral part of American life.C. Materialism fostered pragmatism.D. People are judged by their material possessions.10.The common practice of tipping in US is to leave ____ of the total bill to server.A. 15%B. 20%C. 10%D. 5%11.Smoking in the United States is not allowed except in _____.A. shopsB. movie theatresC. schoolsD. bars12.The characteristics of America's dominant food culture are the following except____.A. cheapB. convenientC. good-lookingD. nutrious13.Which of the following is not true when meeting an American?A. Look down or somewhere else.B. Say "Hello" to him.C. Have some greeting words.D. Have a small talk.14.What should you do when visiting?A. Arrive there as early as possible to offer help.B. Make an appointment a day or two ahead.C. Give a call if you can't arrive on time.D. Bring some alcohol to dinner.15.On which day is Halloween celebrated?A. 5 NovemberB. 31 OctoberC. 17 MarchD. 25 December16. Which of the following is an American newspaper?A. The GuardianB. Washington PostC. TimeD. The Daily Telegraph17. “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _____.A. New Year’s DayB. V eteran’s DayC. HalloweenD. Christmas18. The most popular sport in America is _____.A. BaseballB. BasketballC. FootballD. Ice Hockey19. Thanksgiving Day is originated in _____.A. EnglandB. AmericaC. ScotlandD. Canada20. American Independence Day falls on _____.。
