DNA recognition receptors
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模式识别受体及其相关分子佐剂研究进展戴志红;蒋卉;李翠;魏津;郭彩云;关孚时;王在时【摘要】综述了模式识别受体(Pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)及其相关分子佐剂的研究进展。
PRRs是一类表达于固有免疫细胞并可识别病原体相关分子模式的识别分子。
PRRs主要包括Toll样受体、NOD样受体、RIG—I样受体、清道夫受体、甘露糖受体和髓系细胞触发受体等。
与PRRs直接相关的分子佐剂主要包括TLR激动剂、NLR激动剂、RIG—I和MDA5激动剂及CD40和肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族(TNFRSF)激动剂等。
%In this paper, the developments of PRRs and its relevant molecular adjuvants were reviewed. PRRs were a kind of recognition molecules expressed on innate immune cells that can recognize pathogen - associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs mainly included Toll- like receptors (TLRs), NOD -like receptors (NLRs), RIG- I like receptors (RLRs), scavenger receptors (SRs), mannose receptors (MRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs), etc. Molecular adjuvants directly related to PRRs mainly including TLR agonists, NLR agonists, RIG - I & MDA5 agonists and CD40 & tumor necrosis factor receptor of superfamily (TNFRSF) agonists, etc.【期刊名称】《中国兽药杂志》【年(卷),期】2012(046)012【总页数】6页(P61-66)【关键词】模式识别受体;分子佐剂;激动剂【作者】戴志红;蒋卉;李翠;魏津;郭彩云;关孚时;王在时【作者单位】中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081;中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q7疫苗免疫一般认为是防治动物传染病最有效和最经济的手段之一。
doi:10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.20.0836放疗对肿瘤微环境的重塑及增强免疫治疗疗效机制的研究进展张强1,吴邵雅2,张靖3New Insight on Tumor Microenvironment Remodelling and Augmented Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunotherapy by Radiotherapy ZHANG Qiang 1, WU Shaoya 2, ZHANG Jing 31. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;2. College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;3. Department of 1st Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China收稿日期:2020-07-17;修回日期:2020-10-08作者单位:1. 48109 安娜堡,美国密歇根大学放射肿瘤科;2. 430070 武汉,华中农业大学生命科学技术学院; 3. 430079 武汉,湖北省肿瘤医院胸内一科作者简介:张强(1980-),男,博士,研究助理教授,主要从事肿瘤放疗中DNA 损伤修复的分子机制研究·专家论坛·Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based tumor immunotherapy has changed the traditional cancer treatment. However, ICI treatment benefits small percentage of patients in most types of cancer (10%-30%), and is basically ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma). Combining ICIs with existing and potential therapies to overcome tumor innate and acquired resistance is of great significance for improving the treatment efficacy, increasing the durability of the therapeutic effect and prolonging patients’ survival. Radiotherapy can not only kill tumor cells, but also cause the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and immune cell infiltration in tumors. In addition, radiotherapy can induce micronuclei in tumor cells, thereby activating cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors, the most important of which is the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway. Radiotherapy can also regulate immune surveillance through the expression of tumor neoantigens. In this review, we will discuss in depth the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment and its combination with ICI as a potential cancer treatment, and focus on the effects of radiotherapy on non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, including dendritic cells, T cell infiltration, as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Key words: Radiotherapy; Tumor microenvironment; ImmunotherapyCompeting interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.摘 要:以免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs )为主的免疫治疗改变了传统癌症治疗手段,但对于大多数类型的癌症,ICIs 治疗受益十分有限(10%~30%),并且在某些癌症类型中基本无效(如胰腺癌、脑胶质瘤)。
NLRP3炎症小体在炎症性肠病及炎症相关性肠癌作用中的研究进展胡韵1,2,陆军,王章桂(1.安徽理工大学医学院2018级临床检验诊断学专业;2.安徽理工大学第一附属医院检验科,安徽淮南232001;3.安徽省第二人民医院放疗科,安徽合肥230000)摘要:炎症小体是介导半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(caspase-1)激活的多蛋白复合物,caspase-1可促进促炎性细胞因子-10(in-teleulin-10,IL-10)和促炎性细胞因子-18(inteleulin-18,IL-18)的分泌,从而导致细菌病原体的死亡。
在特定的微生物和内源性分子的刺激下可导致炎症小体的聚集和caspase-1的激活。
炎症小体被认为是介导宿主防御微生物病原体和肠道内组织稳态,其失调可能导致炎症性肠病及相关性肠癌。
本文就NLRP3炎症小体在炎症性肠病及炎症相关性肠癌作用中的研究进展进行综述,并探讨NLRP3炎症小体靶向治疗炎症性肠病及炎症相关性肠癌的可能治疗方向和靶点。
关键词:NLRP3炎症小体;炎症性肠病;炎症相关性肠癌;结直肠癌中图分类号:R475文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-7550(2021)02-0128-05炎症小体是细胞内组装成的一种多蛋白信号复合物,在受到外界刺激中特定的微生物成分和内源性分子刺激可导致炎症小体的组装和半胱氨酸蛋白酶前体(procaspase-1)活化,随后IL-10和IL-18前体(proIL-18)裂解成活性形式使细菌病原体诱导的吞噬细胞死亡[1]。
核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体样受体(nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptor,NLR)家族成员NL-RP1.NLRP3和NLRC4.热蛋白(pryrin)、黑色素瘤缺乏因子2(absent in melanoma2,AIM2)等已被证实参与了炎症小体的组装过程[2-3]。