2002年8月 托福真题听力文字

0308托福试题听力：1 (a)She has completed her project(b)She needs some help finishing the project(c)Her economics class no longer meets(d)The man should not touch the project until it is finished2 (a) He disagrees with the woman(b)He has a lot of experience listening to others(c ) He can keep a secret(d) He has several younger brothers and sisters3 (a) She has already seen the movie(b) She doesn’t like to go to the movies(c )She hasn’t seen Mary recently(d) Mary didn’t ask her to go to the mo vies4(a) Use cream on her rash(b)See if her rash improves in a few days(c) Check out a medical book from the library(d) See a doctor about her rash5(a) He’s usually a good dancer(b) He’s embarrassed about the photograph(c ) He didn’t enjoy the par ty(d) H e hasn’t seen the photograph6(a) She prefers to stay indoors during the summer(b) S he doesn’t agree with the man(c) Too much hot weather can be unpleasant(d) The weather is supposed to get even hotter7(a) Dry his clothes for another fifteen minutes(b)Inspect the dryer for damage(c ) Take this clothes out of the dryer(d) Wash his clothes again8(a) He likes the music class(b) The woman missed the deadline(c )It may still be possible to drop the class(d) H e doesn’t plan to take music9(a)She has decided not to go to Florida(b)H er plans aren’t definite(c) Her friend just returned from Florida(d)She prefers to travel without her friend10(a)T he costumes weren’t as good as the s scenery(b) The scenery could have been more realistic(c ) She wishes she had seen the play(d) T he actors in the play weren’t students11(a) H e didn’t know the book was a best-seller(b) H e’s becoming more interested in the book(c ) H e’s on his way to the bookstore(d) He has just finished the book12 (a) S he’d rather do another puzzle(b)S he doesn’t have time for puzzles(c ) S he’d like a chance to solve the puzzle(d) S he’s not as good at puzzles as the man13(a)Revise the report(b)Go to another copy machine(c )Ask his classmates to make their own copies(d) Get more paler14(a) The woman is a better mechanic than he is(b) H e can’t go for a ride with the woman(c ) H e doesn’t know a lot about newer cars(d)T he woman shouldn’t buy a used car15(a)Start studying with the man(b) Continue watching television(c ) Take a nap(d) Turn down the volume on the television16(a)Store the bicycle inside the dormitory(bAsk someone to repair the bicycle(c ) Ride the bicycle on campus(d) T ry to find the bicycle’s owner17(a)He lives with a first-year student(b)He wanted to live in an apartment(c)H e isn’t a new student(d) He was assigned space in a dorm18(a) He has to pick up some groceries(b)H e hasn’t had any tea for a long time(c )H e’d like to walk a little further(d)H e’ll pay for the drinks19(a)The boss will probably discipline the woman(b)T he boss may disregard the woman’s lateness(c ) T he boss won’t know the woman was late(d) The boss is often late for work20(a) She may change her mind about the college(b)H e doesn’t know what time she arrived(c )He wishes he had met her yesterday(d)She should visit the campus again soon21(a) S he can’t help the man(b)S he doesn’t want to lend the man any money(c )She owes the man some money(d) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places22(a)A lot of students entered the talent show(b)The talent show was canceled(c )Not many students enjoy talent shows(d)The speakers are judges for the talent show23(a)The tour guide will be late(b)The appointment for the tour will be changed(c The tour will begin before she and the man arrive(d)The museum will open earlier than usual24(a)S he doesn’t need a pay raise(b)She got a pay raise last year(c )S he hasn’t yet received a pay raise(d) She will give the man a pay raise25(a)He recently injured his hand(b)He can carry some books for the woman(c)H e needs to borrow some of the woman’s books(d)H e can’t help the woman until noon26(a)He enjoys talking about pets(b)He agrees that the woman is quite knowledgeable(c )He dislikes people who think they know everything(d)He hates standing in line27(a)The professor might give an exam in class(b)The man might not be able to leave campus early(c )The class might not finish their oral presentation(d)T his week’s class might be longer than expected28(a) Invite his roommate to a party(b)Ask his roommate to go to the housing office(c )Stop complaining about his roommate(d)Arrange to get a different roommate29(a)H e’s improved the way he looks(b)He manages his time well(c )He looks happier lately(d)He follows directions more carefully now30(a)H e doesn’t have any paper towels(b)T hey don’t need any more paper bags(c )The food is ruined(d )He thinks a mop would work better31(a)Causes of illness(b)The discovery of antibiotics(c )The history of prescription drugs(d)Characteristics of antibiotics32(a)Her lab notes(b)A medical reference book(c )A homework assignment(d) The name of her doctor33(a)To give an example of a bad reaction to penicillin(b)To show how penicillin has changed over the years(c )To emphasize the importance of antibiotics(d)To explain why penicillin requires a prescription34(a)In a pharmacology course(b)From her mother(c )At the student health center(d) From her doctor35(a)Look up some information about his medicine(b)Take an extra dose of his medicine(c )Ask his doctor to change his prescription(d)Begin to do research for his lab project36(a)Current issues in economics(b)Choices faced by conservationists(c ) A recent biology lecture(d)Topics for a research paper37(a)S he’s writing research papers(b)S he’s working on a conservation project(c )S he’s studying for exams(d)S he’s d oing her biology homework38(a)S he doesn’t know which topic to choose(b)Her assignments are due on the same day(c )S he’s concerned about the spotted owl(d)She dislikes her economics class39(a)A scarcity of jobs in their field(b)Inadequate training in methods of biological research(c )Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls(d)A lack of funding for their work with endangered species40(a)It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl(b)Its population is increasing(c )It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists(d)Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined41(a)To explain why Wright became an architect(b)T o describe the positive aspects of Wright’s architecture(c )To explain why Wright’s style of architecture became less popular(d)To describe the materials Wight used in construction42(a)His houses were often small(b)His designs were overly simple(c )His roofs often leaked(d )His building did not match their natural surroundings43(a)He helped construct a chapel(b)H e took over his family’s business(c )He trained under Guggenheim(d)He worked on a project overseas44(a)T hey characterize stages in Wright’s career(b)Wright died while they were being constructed(c )They were Wr ight’s earliest buildings(d)T hey are examples of Wright’s classical styles45(a)Theories of how the universe evolved(b) Similarities between the planets in the solar system(c )Reason for the high density of earth(d)Theories of the origin of the Moon46(a)Earth and the Moon traveled at different speeds(b)The Moon formed billions of years before Earth(c )Earth did not have enough gravitational pull(d)Earth and the Moon were too far from each other47(a)The Moon has no water(b)T he Moon’s materials came from Earth’s core(c )T he Moon’s core differs from its surface(d)The Moon contains little iron48(a) It is difficult to define(b)Its causes are often unknown(c )Psychologists disagree about how to treat it(d)Its symptoms often go unnoticed49(a)To explain the effect it has on mental illness(b)To suggest that it is easier to diagnose than mental illness(c )To discuss the role of medicine in clinical psychology(d)To show the similarities between physical and mental illness50(a)Another means of measuring normal behavior(B)W hy some politicians aren’t well adjusted(c )H ow an individual’s behavior is influenced by therapy(d) Problems often encountered by psychologists0308ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABA。

02年8月托福听力文字Part A1. We've got an hour before our next class, would you like to get something to eat here?I can join you for a quick sandwich, but I need to run some errands afterward.2. When is the garbage picked up here?On Wednesdays, but I always put the cans out on Tuesday night, so I don't miss the trucks in the morning.3. Hey, how come you never took that introductory math class? You know, the one everyone else had to take,I thought it was a university wide requirement for graduation.Oh, I took a similar class in high school. They said that's all I needed.4. Why are you going home to see your parents this weekend?I need my dad's help to fill up this loan application.5. Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest pay phone is?Well, the nearest one is in the library. But that closed an hour ago. I think the next clo sest one is probably in the student center.6 I heard you needed people to bring stuff for a picnic, I was thinking of making a salad o r something. But I’m not sure how much we'll need any idea how many people are coming?Don't worry about it. Everything’s already been taken care of.7 I'm not sure which tie to wear in my interview, what do you think of this red one?Maybe you should consider wearing a different one.8 I'm going to be out of town all next week, and I’m looking for someone to feed my cat whi le I'm gone, you don't suppose i could talk to you into it, do youYou know, I’d be glad to, but I’ll be away next week too, but you know what, let me giv e my sister a call, she loves animals, and she lives only a couple of blocks from your apart ment.9 Did you see that new artwork? You know that poster they just put up in the cafeteria; I wo nder whose bright idea that was?You know there's nothing wrong with the poster itself, it just doesn't go with the color s in the cafeteria.10.You know that report was due in my office a couple of days ago, Where is it?I'm sorry, it’s coming along, but as long as the computer's down, I can't finish it. 11、A. Look we’re almost out of gas, we’d better stop at the next gas station, we have eno ugh to make to the campus.B. If we stop now, we’ll be late for classQ. What do the woman imply?12 I don't know what to do, I have two papers due next week, and there’s no way I’m going t o get both done have you ask your professors to extend the deadlines? They are usually prett y good about that sort of thing, but if you're going to ask them, don’t wait till the last m inute.13 You know, Mary, I met your twin sister the other day, and you two look so much alike, and I don't how people ever tell you apart.Actually it's not that difficult, because she always wears dresses, and I'm usually in a T-s hirt and a pair of old jeans.What does Mary mean?14,Excuse me, do you sell calculators looked over in the office supply section, but I couldn 't find anyThat is where you'd find them, but we're all sold out, we probably won't have any in fo r a few more weeks.What does the man mean?15 Do you have a few minutes to look over this outline for next week's debate with me ,I need to know if I have enough support for my arguments.I'm tied up in the moment, why don't come back during my office hours.What does the woman mean?16 You're taking another computer class? I thought you've already had a degree in computer s cience.I do, but the technology keeps changing all the time, this is the best way to keep up with it.17.Would you like me to water your plants while you are away?Thanks for the offer, but Mark already said he'd keep an eye on them.18 I never should have taken that biology course, I mean I barely finish with reading for one experiment and professor Jordan slaps on another reading assignmentI just can't keep up you knowYeah, I know, that’s what everybody said at first, but bear with her, the reading load's ge tting lighter, you see, and you won't be sorry.What does the woman mean?19.I feel awful, I’m thinking maybe if I'm going to the clinic they who give me something t o make me feel better,I’m no expert, but I know your how hectic schedule are these days between your studying fo r finals and your part time job, you never back to the dorm before midnight,Maybe you should try slowing down a little,20.Are we still going ice-skating after work today?Ice-skates, oh, shoot; I knew I left something at home when I got here this morning.21. I'm waiting else some of my old clothes for my closet.Why don't you put them in the bed for charity?22 Do you think you could lend me a few dollars until tomorrow, I left my wallet at home and I don't have enough money for lunch?Why don't just let me treat you, I just got paid, besides I owe you for helping me with tha t physics project last month23 Are you going to keep your part-time job next semester at the biology laboratory or you a re going try for a different laboratory this timeActually neither one semester as a lab assistant is enough, washing test tubes can get old p retty fast.24 How about getting you father a book on tape for a present, this bookstore has ones coveri ng everything from mystery to historical novels, and they’re really popular.Well, he does spend a lot time driving; he could listen to them on the way to work.25 Hey, So how are things going with you and your new roommate, is she still really neat and organized about everything,Yeah, she is, I mean she's nothing like my last roommate, I guess it’s just going to get a l ittle while for me to get used to it.26 I was just about to go to the art exhibit, would you like to go over there with me?I made plans with Susan to go tomorrow afternoon27 You haven't seen my biology notes, have you, I’m almost positive I left them on my desk, now I can't find them.Mum, I don't think I have, did you try checking your book bag?28、This weather is unbelievable. I can't remember the last time we had such a warm winter, i sn’t it great?Not if you like to ski, it isn't.29、Joan, I’ m glad I reach Jew, I'm at a pay phone somewhere between Madison and Libratory S treet, and can you give me those directions again?Now Madison, just forget the way I told you before, do you have a pencil and paper?30、What do you make with the memo the dean sent out about later registrations.You know i couldn't make heads or tails of it myself.Part BHere is my script of part B to make 0208 LC complete, sorry for possible erorrs, and feel fr ee to perfect it.M: Is that a map? Are you going sailing or something?W: I wish. It’s a hurricane-tracking chart. It’s a map of tropical ocean areas southeast o f us. It follows the development of tropical storms, even hurricanes. They develop and move around the Atlantic in Caribbean and here on Florida coast. We got hit a lot by those in J uly or August, at least winds or rain.M: Do you think that the tropical storm is on the way?W: Too early to tell, but we need to be prepared. The radio mentioned possible evacuation ro utes.M: Really? It’s that serious?W: You better believe it. Late summer is hurricane season. The television updates locations and speeds every hour.M: What did they say is out there now?W: A couple of tropical depressions, two storms and two hurricanes.M: What’s the difference?W: Wind velocity. A depression is least serious actually, and a hurricane is the most seriou s.M: How serious are the winds in hurricanes?W: They have sustained winds of 74 mph and up.M: What are the names on the map? David, Arlene, Francisco, and Gina.W: You know weather forecasters give the hurricanes the names of people to make storms easy to identify.M: I wonder what the status of the storm is now.W: You shall turn on the television, and it has the best coverage. There is an up-date comin g up in five minutes.Q31. What is the conversation mainly about?Q32. How is one tropical weather system distinguished from the other?Q33. How do weather forecasters identify hurricanes?Q34. What are the man and woman going to do next?M: So, what is your biology project about?W: It is about microorganisms that… microorganisms that live by Chemosynthesis.M: Ehm…what’s Chemosynthesis?W: Well, it’s pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly o r indirectly on sunlight?M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight?W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there ar e hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the sea floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all along the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaean. And these archaean use chemica l reactions to get their energy from the minerals, the minerals that are released by the ven ts. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.M: So chemosynthesis is getting their energy from chemicals?W: That is right.M: That makes archaean very different from other forms of life.W: And their genetic makeup is very different too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.M: Waa, that’s a really interesting project.Q35. What is the woman’s project mainly about?Q36. According to the woman, where are the hydrothermal vents found?Q37. What does the woman imply about archaean?Q38. Besides their source of energy, what is major difference between archaean and bacteria? Part CHere is my contribution to this site. I am poor at typing. Sorry for possible errors due to my typing or understanding.Passage one Q39-42It is common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. In fact, since 1930s, music therapists have relied on music to soothe patients and help control pain. No w psychologists are confirming that music can also help relieve depression and improve conce ntration. For instance, in a recent study, 15 surgeons were given some highly stressed math problems to solve. They were divided into three groups: one worked in silence, and in anot her, the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones; the third listened to cla ssic music chosen by the researchers. The results of the study may surprise you. The doctors who got to choose their music experienced less stress and scored better than the others. O ne possible explanation is that listening to music you like stimulates the Alfa-wave in the brain, increases the heart rate and expands the breathing. That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration. Other research suggests a second relation between the music and the brain: by examining the students’ blood after they listening to a variety of classic mus ic collections, the researchers found that some students showed a large increase in endorphin, a natural pain reliever, this supports what music therapists have known for years: Music can help rejuvenate or soothe the patient.39. What is the talk mainly about?40. According to the speaker how is the music therapy currently used in medicine?41. What did the study done with surgeons show?42. In the study of students exposed to classic music, what effect did the music have?43-46 art historyOne important thing about art movements is that their popularity can be affected by social conditions, which are themselves often affected by historical events. As an example, look at what happened in the United States early in the 20th century, around the time of the gr eat depression, the art movement known as the Regionalism had begun in the United States eve n before the depression occurred. But it really flourished in the 1930s, during the depressi on years. Why? Well, many artists who had been living in big cities were forced by the econo mic crisis to leave those big cities and move back to their small towns in rural America. So me of these artists came to truly embrace the life in small towns and to eject city life i n so called “sophisticated society”. These artists or specifically certain painters really b uilt regionalist movement. They created things in every day life in small towns or farming a reas. And their style was not all-neutral, really big glorified or romanticized country lif e, showing it stable, wholesome, and embodying important American traditions. And this styl e became very popular, in part because of the economic conditions of the time. You see, the Depression had caused many Americans to begin to doubt their society. But regionalism arti sts painted scenes that glorified American values, scenes that many Americans could easily i dentify with. So the movement helped strengthen people’s faith in their country, faith tha t had weakened as the result of the depression. But in the 1940s, before and after the Seco nd World War, American culture began to take on a much more international spirit, and Region alism, with its focus on small town life, well, it lost a lot of popularity, as American soc iety changed once again.43. What is the lecture mainly about?44. What does the professors say about the artists in the United States during the Great Dep ression?45. What kind of scene might be shown in a typical regionalist painting?46. According to the professor, what happened in the USA in the 1940s around the time of WWII that affected the popularity of the regionalist art?47-50 GeologyHallo, everybody, I am here, because I visited caves all over North America. Since you are g oing to study cave formations, Dr. Bow asked me to come and share some of my experiences wit h you. In additional to describing some of the technical aspects of the caves, I would conve y the sense of adventure that cavers share. Recently, I visited the La Chagire cave in New M exico, my dream has always been to discover a new passage way. I had a chance here, becaus e La Chagire is so large that discoveries are frequently made there. The cave itself was no t even discovered until 1986. However, people in that area had figured that there must be a cave nearby, because of the strong wind that blew from behind the huge rock that covered the entrance. Enormous amounts of air enter and exit the cave in order to maintain balance of the pressure with the side air. When I climbed into the cave, I had to fight 45 mile per hour winds. After all that effort, I had to be extremely careful maintaining my energy lev el. People who are tired tend to be careless, and may be more concerned about getting out o f the cave than taking care of it. There are formations in LaChagire that look like ocean wa ves, Christmas trees and other stuff no one has ever seen before. Caves are normally create d by carbonic acid that trickles down from above, but this cave sculpted out by very powerfu l sulfuric acid that wells up from below.Q47. Why was the lecturer especially excited about visiting La Chagire cave?Q48. What did the speaker say about the entrance into the cave?Q49. What did the speaker say about the cavers who get tired?Q50. What makes the formation of La Chagire so unus。

2002年8月TOEFL试题Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-9Often enough the craft worker’s place of employment in ancient Greece was set inrural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops neartheir source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement, AtCorinth andline Athens, however, two of the best-known potters’quarters were situated on the cities’(5)outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also establishedwell withinthe city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well beforethe Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and indecoration,for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot.Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized humanfigures rather(10)than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.；its distinctive colorand lusterwere the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln’s temperature during anextendedthree-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or thevase-painterswho initiated changes in firing is unclear; the functions of making anddecorating wereusually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specializedthe they(15)did not share in the concerns of the other.The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford toConfine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storageJars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth-andfifth-century B.C.Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine(20)ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced manytypes ofpottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to createparticular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels andfigurines; forother products such as roof tiles, which were needed in some quantity, theywere used tofacilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted(25) pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means- as numerous featurelessstatuettes and unattractive cases testify.1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its(A) production techniques(B) similarity to other crafts(C) unusual materials(D) resemblance to earlier pottery2. The phrase “regardless of”in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) as a result of(B) no matter what(C) proud of(D) according to3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were situated(A) in city centers(B) on the outskirts of cities(C) where clay could be found(D) near other potters’workshops4. The word “marked”in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) original(B) attractive(C) noticeable(D) patterned5. The word “confine”in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) adapt(B) train(C) restrict(D) organizeQuestion 10-19Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude,and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida’s ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Itssoil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover.( It does, however,sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter(5) the soil.) Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desertplant life it can sustain is only the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is amere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sealevel, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring majorchanges in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat, direct, brutal—and subtropical.(10)Florida’s surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness.This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either;Shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes, prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. “It appearSaid one early naturalist,”to desire to display the result of the misery through which it hasPassed and is passing.”By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet(15)our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for thestunted, thescruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge,a chainof paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in mostplaces lessthan ten miles wide. It is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago whenocean levels(20) were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence isprecisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged, itsecosystems essentially undisturbed, since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered toitself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plantspecies survive there, but at least 30 of these are found nowhere else on Earth. 10. What does the passage mainlydiscuss?(A) How geographers define a place(B) The characteristics of Florida’sancient scrub(C) An early naturalist’s opinion of Florida(D)The history of the Lake Wales Ridge 11. The author mentions all of thefollowing as factors that define aplace EXCEPT(A) aspect(B) altitude(C) soil(D) life-formsQuestion 20-30It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changedenvironment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’death vary from situationLine to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species.(5)For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt.FoodResources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then causeproblemsFor a species requiring these resources. Other species may become betteradapted to anEnvironment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth.(10) Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinctat the same time—a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinctionoccurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life.Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago,When approximately 95 percent of all species died, Mass extinctions can be caused by(15) a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the closeinterrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroymuch of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.(20)One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250Million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, butthis theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated tatextinctionmay often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive(25) for no particular reason. A species’survival may have nothing to do with its ability orinability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentiallyrandom events.20. The word “it”in line 3 refers to(A) environment(B) species(C) extinction(D) 99 percent21. The word “ultimately”in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) exceptionally(B) dramatically(C) eventually(D) unfortunately22. What does the author say inparagraph 1 regarding most speciesin Earth’s history(A) They have remained basicallyunchanged from their originalforms.(B) They have been able to adapt toecological changes.(C) They have caused rapid change inthe environment.(D) They are no longer in existence.23. Which of the following is NOTmentioned in paragraph 1 asresulting from rapid ecologicalchange?(A)Temperature changes(B)Availability of food resources(C)Introduction of new species(D)Competition among species24. The word “demise”in line 12 isclosest in meaning to(A) change(B) recovery(C) help(D) death25. Why is “plankton”mentioned in line 17?(A) To demonstrate theinterdependence of different species(B) To emphasize the importance offood resources in preventing massextinction.(C) To illustrate a comparison betweenorganisms that live on the land andthose that live in the ocean(D) To point out that certain speciescould never become extinct.26. According to paragraph 2, evidencefrom fossils suggests that(A) extinction of species has occurredfrom time to time throughoutQuestion 30-40Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heatThan the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move,Heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat isLine Moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in(5) the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat”refers to the energy that has to be used toConvert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove,it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature.We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime they will dry fasterthan in winter, when temperatures are colder. The energy used in both cases to change(10) liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat—supplied by the stove in the first caseand by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored in water vapor in theatmosphere as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere willcondense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere.In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate(15) Water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportionof the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around theglobe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, itcan be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it(20) can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms cloudsand subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere.31. The passage mainly discusses how heat(A)is transformed and transported in theEarth’s atmosphere(B)is transported by ocean currents(C)can be measured and analyzed byscientists(D)moves about the Earth’s equator32. The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways?(A)The height of cloud formation in theatmosphere(B)The amount of heat they receive fromthe Sun(C)The strength of their largescalewinds.(D)The strength of their oceanic currents33. The word “convert”line 6 is closest in meaning toQuestion 41-50The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents astriking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains: the maria (darklowlands) and the terrace( bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capabilityof reflecting light ) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two(5) terrains might have different compositions, and this supposition was confirmed bymissions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differencesbetween the terrains is the smoothness of the maria in contrast to the roughness of thehighlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters; the highlands arecompletely covered by large craters( greater than 40-50 km in diameter), while the craters(10) of the maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon’scraters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopicpictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolveobjects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of (15) craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to theunderstanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, that overlies thesolid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering arrayof land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin; the large circular maria were(20) seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the maria. Although various land formswere catalogued, the majority of astronomers’attention was fixed on craters and theirorigins.Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes asthey increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than 10-15 km haverelatively(25) simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above the surrounding terrain,smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-fifth to one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.41. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)What astronomers learned from theSurveyor and Apollo space missions (B)Characteristics of the major terrains ofthe Moon(C)The origin of the Moon’s craters(D)Techniques used to catalogue theMoon’s land forms42. The word ”undergone”in line1 is closest in meaning to(A)altered(B)substituted(C)experienced(D)preserved43. According to the passage, the maria differ from the terrace mainly in terms of(A)age(B)manner of creation(C)size(D)composition44. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Surveyor and Apollo missions?(A)They confirmed earlier theories aboutthe Moon’s surface.(B)They revealed that previous ideasabout the Moon’s craters wereincorrect.(C)They were unable to provide detailedinformation about the Moon’ssurface.(D)They were unable to identify how theMoon’s craters were made.45. The word ”vast”in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) special(B) known(C) varied(D) great46. All of the following are true of the maria EXCEPT:(A)They have small craters.(B)They have been analyzed byastronomers.(C)They have a rough texture.(D)They tend to be darker than theterrace.47. All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT(A)Moon (line1)(B)reflectivity(line3)(C)regolith(line16)(D)rays(line19)48. The author mentions “wispy marks”in line 19 as an example of(A)an aspect of the lunar surfacediscovered through lunar missions(B)a characteristic of large craters(C)a discovery made through the use ofEarth-based telescopes(D)features that astronomers observedto be common to Earth and the Moon49. According to the passage, lunar researchers have focused mostly on (A)the possibility of finding water on theMoon(B)the lunar regolith(C)cataloging various land formations(D)craters and their origins50. The passage probably continues with a discussion of(A)the reasons craters are difficult tostudy(B)the different shapes small craters canhave(C)some features of large craters(D)some difference in the ways small andlarge craters were formed。

2000年8月托福听力文字1. man: Do you have this style shirt in my size1。

男:你这种样式的衬衫有我能穿的尺寸吗woman: I'll check. but. . . to tell you the truth, I think this one's right for you.女人:我查一下。

但是……实话告诉你,我认为这个你穿正合适。

《Q: what does the woman mean2 man: Oh, I'm sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm.男:哦,对不起,我意识到,我忘记带你借给我的录音机。

我把它留在宿舍。

woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. as long as I've got it by then.》女人:没关系。

我直到今晚才需要它,。

Q: what does the woman imply about the tape recorder3 man: So how much was your plane ticket3人:你的机票多少钱Baritone—woman: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into (浏览，稍加研究)my saving.女人:超过我能负担得起。

我不得不研究我的储蓄。

Q: what does the woman implyErod4 woman: We would be going to be busy days for me next semester. three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.~4女人: 下学期将是我们忙碌的日子。

智课网TOEFL备考资料往年8月托福听力真题音频以及听力原文分享很多小伙伴们都在求托福听力真题音频，智课教育小编在此为大家提供无须下载无需回复只须稍稍一点便能拥有的经典托福听力真题音频。

以下是详细内容，和小编一起来看一下吧~以下是2000年8月托福听力考试真题音频:部分 2000年8月托福听力考试真题原文如下：man:do you have this style shirt in my size?woman:i'll check.but...to tell u the truth,i think this one's right for u.Q:what does the woman mean?2 man:oh,i'm sorry,i just realized that i forgot to bring the tape recorderyou lent me.i left it back in my dorm.woman:that's all right.i won't need it until tonight.as long as i've got it my by then.Q:what does the woman imply?3 man:so how much was your plane ticket?woman:more than i could really afford.i had to dip into my saving.Q:what does the woman imply?4 woman:Wed. are going to be busy days for me next semester.three class inthe morning and then two more in the afternoon. i won't even have time forlunch.man:you relaly should try to fit it in,you know.those afternoon classes would be tough to sit through if u stomach's rumbling.Q:what does the man suggest the woman do ?5 woman:you are dropping out of the Marching Band?but i thought you lovedit.all the travelling,playing before big crowds..man:i do.but...with all that time away from my studies my grades are reallystarting to slip.Q:what does the man mean ?6 woman:i'm thinking of getting a new pantsuit to wear to James' wedding. man:i just hope that my old suit still fits.you know how i feel aboutshopping.Q:what does the man imply?7 man:what's my share of the bill?18.50?that can't be right!i only had asalad for dinner.woman:don't get excited.let me check them out.Q:what will woman probably do next?8 man:i'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.woman:i know.but that Sarah...if she has an opinion,everyone's got to know it.Q:what does the woman mean?9man: how about a movie tonight?that new comedy is opening in town.woman:sounds great,but i've got be finishing sketches on my psychologyresearch paper.Q:what does the woman imply?10 woman:you won't have to look very hard to find a job on campus.but i don't think you'll find anything that isn't just part-time.man:that suits me.anything more than that,and i have to change my class schedule.Q:what does the man mean?11 man:do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study groupsession tnight?woman:if there is one! i guess u haven't heard the weather reports.oever a以上就是智课教育为您提供的托福听力音频，希望对您有帮助，喜欢的朋友可按CTRL+D收藏本站，持续关注有惊喜哦!智课教育将持续为您提供最新最全的托福听力资料。

2002年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附听力原文PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In sections A , B and C, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY, listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainly because .A. the urban population was stableB. few people lived in citiesC. transport was backwardD. it was originally planned2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of .A. the trade activities they undertookB. the agriculture activities in the nearby areasC. their relatively small sizeD. the non-economic roles they played3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EXCEPT ______.A. commerceB. distributionC. processingD. transportation4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT .A. more economic opportunitiesB. a freer social and political environmentC. more educational opportunitiesD. a more relaxed religious environment5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century?A. Because the countryside attracted more people.B. Because cities did not increase in number.C. Because the functions of the cities changed.D. Because the number of city people was stable.-SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiation is ____A. English language proficiencyB. different cultural practicesC. different negotiation tasksD. the international Americanized style7. Janet's attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiation is ______.A. supportiveB. negativeC. ambiguousD. cautious8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D. Brazilians seek more background information.9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A. The British.B. Germans.C. Americans.D. Not mentioned.10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A. Reserved.B. Prejudiced.C. Polite.D. Prudent.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.11. The news item is mainly aboutA. a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Question 12 and 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.12. The news item mainly concerns in Hong Kong.A. Internet centresB. an IBM seminarC. e-governmentD. broadcasting13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPTA. improvement of government efficiencyB. promotion of e-commerceC. integration of service deliveryD. formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A. 9.98.B. 9.80.C. 9.91.D. 9.95.15. The record shows that Bailey was .A. still suffering from an injuryB. getting back in shapeC. unable to compete with GreeneD. less confident than before SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Study Activities in UniversityIn order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g. (1)_ .benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.enabling teachers to know progress and to offer (2) .familiarizing students with exam forms.2. Seminars and classroom discussion:another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contextsbenefits: 1) (3) enables you to know the effectiveness of and others' response to your speech immediately.Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with than in (4) . The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionformat: from teacher (5) to flexible conversation.benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction.4. Lectures: a most (6) used study activitydisadvantages: 1) less (7)____ than discussions or tutorial.2) more demanding in note-taking. advantages: 1) providing a general (8) of a subject under discussion.offering more easily understood versions of a theory.updating students on (9) developments. allowing students to follow different (10)_____(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______参考答案PART ISection A 1—5 BADCDSection B 6—10 BDACBSection C 11-15 BCDCDSection D1. literature/history/politics2. advice/guide3. conversation/communication/discussion4. essay/ writing5. explanation/ interaction6. widely/ commonly/ frequently7. interactive/ communicative/ feedback 8. overview9. latest/ recent 10. views/ arguments/ viewpoints听力原文SECTION A TALKThe first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about 1840. Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so with the cities. At the first federal censors in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25000 inhabitants. Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national population fell into the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous phrases in the early 19th century remained small enough that people could easily work from one end of the city to the other in those days.Though smaller in modern standards these working cities, as it were, performed variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade.Yet city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promotingagricultural activities in their own areas, they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities. From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, city served as centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing.Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important non-economic functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges were built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the large early towns with their concentrations of population tended to serve as centres of educational activities and its policy from which information were spread to the countryside. In addition, the town with people of different occupational, ethnic, racial and religious filiation became focuses of formal and informal organizations which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests and influence of each group. In these days the pre-industrial city in America functioned as a complex and varied organizing element in American life, not as a simple, homogeneous and sturdy union.The varieties of these early cities were reinforced by the nature of their location and by the process of town spreading. Throughout thepre-industrial period of American history, the city occupied sites on the eastern portion of the then largely under-developed continent, and settlement on the countryside generally followed the expansion of towns in that region. The various interest groups in each city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control first nearby and later more distant and larger areas. And always there remained the underdeveloped regions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups. These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political or religious atmosphere. In this sense, the cities builder had development of succession of urban frontiers. While this kind of circumstance made Americans one of the most prolific and self-conscious city building peoples of their time, it did not resort the steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade and ever larger proportion of the people lived in cities.In 1690 an estimated 9 to 10 percent of American colonists lived in urban settlements. A century later, that was the end of the 18th century, though 24 places had 2 500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1% of the total population. For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not until the 1830 did the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690.In short, as the number of cities increased after 1690, they sent large number of people into countryside and they retained. Nonetheless the continuous movement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but relatively small places lively and stimulating.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: I'm talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multi-national companies. Hello, Janet.W: Hello.M: Now Janet. You've experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So before we comment on the differences, could I ask you to comment first of all on what such encounters have in common?W: OK, well, I'm just going to focus on the situations where people are speaking English in international business situations.M: I see. Now, not every one speaks English to the same degree of proficiency. So, maybe that affects situations.M: Yes, perhaps. But that is not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions.M: Oh, I see.W: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in everyday life.M: Yes, but. but isn't it the case that in the business negotiation, they must come together and work together to a certain extent. I mean, doesn't that level up the style of , the style of differences or somewhat?W: Oh, 1 am not so sure. I mean there's people in the so-called Western World who say that in course of the past 30 or 40 years, there were a lot of things had changed a great deal globally, and that as a consequence, national differences had diminished. We have got fewer, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style.M: Yeah, I've heard that. Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns.W: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn't. Because on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified even uniform style of doing business with certain basic principles and preferences, you know, like "time is money", that sort of thing. But at the same time, it is very important to remember the way all retain aspects of national characteristics. But it is actualbehavior that we will talk about here. We shouldn't be too quick to generalize that to national characteristic and stylistic type. It doesn't help much.M: Yeah. You mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about American style of business bargaining or negotiating?W: Well. I've noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.M: I see.W: While Brazilian make their points in a more indirect way.M: How?W: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look at people they're talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what some people thinks to be background information. They seem to be more indirect.M: Then, what about the American negotiators?W: American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of point-making, first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isn't the only way in which one can negotiate and absolutely no reason why this should be considered as the best way to negotiate.M: Right. Americans seem to have different styles, say, even from the British, don't they?W: Exactly, which just show how careful you must be about generalizing.1 mean, how asking you explain how the American negotiators are seen as informal, and sometimes much too open. For British eyes, Americans are direct even blunt.M: Is that so?W: Yeah, at the same time, the British too. German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in the negotiations, and yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, it is often the Americans who are being too blunt for the German negotiators.M: Fascinating! So people from different European countries use different styles, don't they?W: That's right.M: OK. So what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from the Americans and Europeans?W: Oh, well, yes, of course. Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterparts, the way they avoid giving the slightest defense, you know. They're also very reserved to people they don't know well. At the first meetings American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps true to say that your average Japanese business person does choose his or more really her words very carefully.M: So can we say that whatever nationalities you are dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways?W: Well, it's perhaps more helpful to bear in mind the different people behave in negotiating in different ways. And you shouldn't assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do.M: Right. It is definitely a very useful tip for our businessman who often negotiate with their overseas partners. OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with us.W: Pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (For Question 11)The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held July 15th to 17th in Lasha, capital city of Tibet autonomous region. China's Ethnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-host the conference. The conference has received more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference. More than 50 foreign guests from United States, Russia. Britain, India. Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend the meeting. The Chinese mainland has sent delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine experts to the conference.News Item Two (For Questions 12—13)The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were actively adopting information technology and building an electronic government, a senior Hong Kong official said yesterday. This is an integral part of Hong Kong's Digital 21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and world-wide internet centre, saidCarrion, secretary for information technology and broadcasting. She outlined three policy objectives in developing an e-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian Pacific E-government Executive Seminar. The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and paperless government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public services. The second is to promote the wide adoption of e-commerce with the government setting a leading example. The third is, through thee-government program, to integrate service delivery across multiple department and agencies.News Item Three (For Questions 14—15)Canadian Olympic 100-meter champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his way back to the top form on Tuesday by winning 100-meter at the athletic meeting in Switzerland in the time of 9.98 seconds. Despite unfavorable windy conditions. Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9. 91 set by double world champion Moris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Nosoka, Japan. "I would have run 9.80 if I'd really pushed myself." said Bailey, 1996 Olympic and 1995 world champion. The Canadian has been fighting for form before the Sidney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappointing series of starts in the season.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGGood morning, today well look at some study activities carried out in university as we know, students in colleges or universities are expected to master some academic materials t hat are fairly difficult to understand. However, some of them find it hard to learn some complex, abstract or unfamiliar subject ma tter. As a result, a central problem in higher education is how to internalize academic knowledge, that is, how to make knowledge your own. In order to do so we must convert knowledge from being other's knowledge to being part of our own way of thinking.Then how are we going to do it? What's the means available to help us in the process of learning? There are four key study activitiescurrently used in higher education to encourage students to internalize knowledge. They are the ones we are familiar with: writing essay, going to classes and seminars, having individual tutorials and listening to lectures. The four activities arelong-established features of our higher education, and they are as important now as they were a hundred years ago. Now let's look at the features of them one by one.First, essay writing. The central focus o f university work, especially in humanities, for example in l iterature, history or politics, is on students' producing regular essays or papers which summarize and express their personal understanding of the topic. Then what is good about essay writing? Firstly, writing essays forces you to select what you find interesting in books and journals and to express your understanding in the coherent form. Individual written work also provides teachers with the best available guide t o how you are processing in the subject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop your strengths or counteract your weaknesses. Lastly, of course, individual written work is still the basis of almost all assessment i n higher education. Written assignments familiarize you with the form of your exams or course what papers will take. The second key activity in colleges and universities is seminars and class discussions. Their role is to help you to internalize academicknowledge by providing specialized contexts so that you can talk about such difficult problems as the treat of between inflation and the unemployment in economic policy or the use of the metaphors in Shakespeare's plays. Talking is a more interactive activity than written work. In the conversation you know immediately how effective you are in expressing your point and can modify what you are saying in response to people's reactions. In addition, a normal program of between 10 to 25 classes will cover far more topics than one subject. Then you can hope to manage your written work. Participating in flexible conversations across this range of issues also allows you to practice using the broader knowledge gained from other key activities such as lectures.Now let's take a look at another activity, individual tutorials. Discussions between the teacher and one or two students are used in many colleges as a substitute for or supplement to group discussion in classes like those mentioned before. Tutorials can range from direct explanation by teacher and subject to flexible conversationa l sessions which at their best very effective in stimulating students' mastery of body of knowledge. Theone-to-one quality of the personal interaction is very important in stimulating acceptance of ideas and producing fruitful interaction. In order to make individual tutorial really work, students shouldmake good preparation beforehand, and during the tutorial they also should ask questions to keep the ball rolling rather than let the teachers talk the vacuum.The last activity is lectures. As we all know, lectures play a large part of most students' timetable and occupy considerable proportion of teachers' efforts. However the major difficulty with lectures is that they are not interactive like discussion or tutorials. The lecturer normally talks for the whole time with minimal feed-back from questions. The signs making notes the lecture well-concentrating on the argument being developed is often difficult to some students, especially when the argument is very complicated. However, we have said that lectures are clearly valuable i n several specific ways. They can provide a useful overview in every map, as it were, to familiarize you with the mainland features to be encountered during the course. Lectures typically give much more accessible descriptions of theoretical perspectives in their oral presentations that can be found in the academic literature. Whenever there is a rapid pace of progress in theory or practice, lectures play an indispensable part in letting students know the development immediately, usually several years before the new material is included in textbooks. Lastly, lectures are often very useful in allowing you to see directly how exponents of different views buildup their arguments. The cues provided by things someone talking in person may seem irrelevant, but these cues are important aids to understanding the subject matter better later.So far we've discussed four study activities and their respective features and roles in higher education. Of course, study activities are not limited to just these four types. There're other activities that are equally important, such as general reading, project learning, etc. We will cover them during our next lecture.。

某年8月托福听力文字00年8月托福听力文字Part A1. M: do you have this style shirt in my size?W: I'll check. But...to tell u the truth, i think this one's right for u.Q: what does the woman mean?2. M: oh, I'm sorry. I just realized that I forgot to bringthe tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in mydorm.W: That's all right. I won't need it until tonight. As long as I've got it by then.Q: what does the woman Imply?3. M: So how much was your plane ticket?W: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into my saving(动用存款).Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: Wed. are going to be busy days for me next semester.Three class in the morning and then two more in theafternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.M: You really should try to fit it in, you know. Those afternoon classeswould be tough to sit through（耐着性子听完） if u stomach's rumbling（咕噜叫）.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: You are dropping out of the Marching Band? But Ithought you loved it. All the travelling, playingbefore big crowds.M: I do. But...with all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.Q: what does the man mean?6. W: I'm thinking of getting a new pantsuit（长裤与衣相配成套的便服）to wear to James' wedding.M: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping.Q: What does the man imply?7. M: What's my share of the bill? 18.50? That can't be right! I only had asalad for dinner.W: don't get excited. let me check them out（核对）.Q: what will woman probably do next?8. M: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.W: I know. But that Sarah...If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it.Q: what does the woman mean?9. M: how about a movie tonight? That new comedy is opening in town.W: Sounds great, but I've got to put finishing touches on my psychology research paper.Q: What does the woman imply?10. W: you won't have to look very hard to find a job oncampus. But I don't think you'll find anything thatisn't just part-time.M: That suits me. Anything more than that, and I have to change my class schedule.Q: What does the man mean?11. M: Do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tonight?W: If there is one! I guess u haven't heard the weather report. over a foot of snow is expected.Q: What does the woman imply?12. M: Oh! I turned all of my white sock pink! I threw a red T-shirt in by accident.W: Have u tried running them through again with bleach?Q: what does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another universityM: not if I can talk him out of it. And believe me, I'm trying.Q: what does the man imply?14. W: I'd like to enroll in the free seminar u advertisedin newspaper. The one on managing your personalfinances.M: Okay. Now the ad did say that u have to have a saving account at our bank to be eligible. Do u have onehere?Q: What does the man want to know?15. W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend?I can't believe how the temperature's gonna dip(下降).M: I know. That isn't my idea what Oct. should be like.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: This exhibit is a total bore! I can't believe they call this art.W: I think I've seen enough.Q: What will the woman probably do next?17. W: We should probably think about selecting someoneto lead our study group you know, somebody reallyorganized.M: Then u can count me out.Q: What does the man mean?18. W: what do you think would be a reasonable price to pay for a new computer?M: You are asking the wrong person. my brother gave me mine.Q: What does the man imply?19. W: T hat’s a nice-looking jacket. It fits u perfectly.Is it something u bought recently?M: Thanks. No, I've had it a while. I've just been waiting for the weather tocool down.Q: What does the man imply?20. M: What's wrong with Herald today? he snapped（厉声说）to me for no reason.W: Don't worry, it's just the end of the semesterpressure. He'll be his old self next week.（变回原先的样子）Q: What does the woman say about Herald?21. W: I'm sorry. I need to work late tonight. So u shouldprobably cancel our reservation at the restaurant.M: Oh, actually I've never got round to making one in the first place.Q: What does the man mean?22. M: Professor Johnson, for my sociology project thisterm I'm thinking of interviewing all theresidents in town on their TV viewing habit.W: Well that's quite an undertaking for such a short term project. Maybeyou should to take a little while to think about what that would entail（使务必的）before making your final decision.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?23. M: how do I look in this new sweater I bought yesterday?I was in a hurry, so didn't have a chance to try iton.W: Well, I really like the style. But it looks a little tight. You might want to take it back and get the next size up.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?24. M: Do you have any idea what it'll cost to send this little package to Australia?W: You've got me! The farthest I've ever sent a package is Canada.Q: What does the woman mean?25. M: This isn't the dish I ordered, but I'm glad I got it. It's delicious.W: As far as I'm concerned, the waiter should still hear about it.26. M：I’ve still got to fulfill my foreign languagerequirement, three semesters’worse. What aboutyou?W: Not me. I tested out of Spanish. Don’t you remember my dad got a job in Mexico when I was 5? I’ve lived there for 8 years, so I’m pretty fluent.Q: What does the woman mean?27. W: Excuse me. Do you know when the next train for Philadelphia leaves?M: No, I don’t. But there’s a schedule in the rack, right in front of the ticket window.Q: What can be inferred about the man?28. W: I want to take some pictures of my family when Igo home this weekend, but I hate lugging my cameraaround. It’s so bulky（体积大的）and heavy.M: You can take mine instead. I won’t need it this weekend and it takes great pictures despite thesize.Q: What does the man imply?29. W: You know what the Wildlife Club needs? We need anadvisor, someone who knows a lot about theenvironment and wild life conservation.M: There’s someone new in the Biology Department, Professor Bell. I’ll see if she’ll beinterested.Q: What will the man probably do?30. M: You were also wearing a blue scarf when you camei n, weren’t you? I think I grabbed yours byaccident.W: No, you didn’t. Mine’s still hanging by the door.I can see it from here.Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35M: What happened to you today?W: I went to the Bard Music Festival in downtown New York .I listened to a really nice concert.M: Really? Then whose music were they played?W: Just Haydn’s. It was so beautiful that I was humming （哼唱的）the music myself all the way home on the train.What time is it, anyway? It must be getting late. M: 7o’clock. Did you forget? We were supposed to meet the other members of the Computer Science Club thisafternoon.W: Oh, I am sorry. It completely slipped my mind.M: Sally was going to show us a software program she bought.I wanted to see it.W: Why didn’t you go?M: Well, I was waiting for you, like we planned. And beforeI knew it, it was too late. But forget it, the concertwould probably be more interesting.W: My favorite piece of Haydn’t Baritone Trion No.97. The Baritone（萨克斯号）is an old type of string instrument.It’s unusual that it had two sets of strings. One set you play with a bow, like a violin, the other set you can pluck with your figures. The balance of theplucking and bowing was beautiful.M: I’ve listened to several of Haydn’s symphonies before.I have a couple of () CDs.W: You do? I’d like to borrow them some time if you don’t mind.M: If I can find them, sure. My CD collections stuff away somewhere.W: I hope I can get the CD of the Baritone Trio I’ve heard. M: Well, we still have some time before the mall closes.Why don’t we check to see if the music shop’s got it. W: All right.31, what is the conversation mainly about?32, why did the woman apologize to the man?33, what is unusual about the baritone?34, what does the woman want to borrow front the man? 35, where will the speakers probably go next?Question 36 through 39;M: let's say you are geologist, and u want to investigatethe geological history of a place. that is, how did geologists determine things like...say ..How were the rocks formed? Or was an area once under water? If so, when? How should u go about it?W: I'd start with stratigraphy（地层学）.M: could u explain what that is to the class?W: well, stratigraphy is the description of strata（地层，stratum的复数） in sedimentary rock. I guess that's not so clear, huh? Ok, let's say one of theinvestigators spot near a river, for example. well, over the history of the area, every time the river flooded, it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with floodplain(泛滥平原). Sometimes a bigger layer, sometimes a smaller, depending on the size of the flood. Well, one layer or stratum gets deposited over another. Obviously these strata built up over millions of years. Stratigraphy is the study of these layers of deposited settlement.M: so does that mean if i examine each of these strata,i can tell how long ago each one is deposited?W: not necessarily. You see, there might've been some years when the river didn't flood and no settlement was deposited. You need other kinds of evidence to tell how much time might've gone by between when one layer got deposited and one on top of it got deposited.M: and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about?W: well, fossils for one. You can determine exactly how old a fossil is and that's how u can tell how the rock surrounding it is.M: very good. The discovery of that particular techniqueis an interesting story. It was a man named William Smith who first used fossils for the purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s.let's take a look at how he went about making this geological breakthrough.36 what is the discussion mainly about?37 what does the woman explain when she talks about rivers?38 according to the discussion, why are geologists unable to determine thegeological age of an area by studying sediment deposit alone?39 what will the class probably discuss next?Part CQuestion 40 through 43(这篇文章Gter的笔记有缺失) Recently some anthropologist conducted an interesting case study in ethnology. now ethnology(人种学)as u recall is a branch of anthropology that deal with how various cultures developed change. The study was about the development of basket weaving by African-american women who live in the town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The town is known for its high quality sweet grass baskets which are woven bye these women. They've been weaving the baskets for generations, handing down the skill from mother to daughter. Some of the baskets have been place on permanent display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. the origin of their basket weaving dates back to the 17th century and even earlier when these women's ancestors came to the United States from the west coast of Africa. Now, it's mainly a hobby. But back in the 17th and 18th century African and American women wove the baskets for use on therice plantations. There were two types of baskets then: workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. The workbaskets were made out of bulrushes(芦苇). Bulrushes are long tough grass that grow in marshes. One type ofworkbaskets was fan basketwhich was used to separate the grain of rice from waste. The baskets used in the home were made out of the more delicate sweet grass. They were used for everything from fruit baskets to baby cradles.40 what is the talk mainly about?41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket?42 according to the speaker, what type of baskets was make out of bulrush?43 what is the main reason that the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?Questions 44 through 46:This morning I want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relation between plants and animals. this is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin（树脂）a distance of six feet. You think it will be safe from all attacks by insects. But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle, that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is jut one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a pathall the way across the leave to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses. That is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. what's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral(行为的) response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant' resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats. And thus gives itself a meal. however, it can take a beetle an hours an a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.41 what is the talk mainly about?42 what is unusual about the desert plant?43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant?Questions 47 through 50:We're going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with the Iliad and the Odyssey .these two great poems stand out as great examples of the earliest European poems. they are believed to have been written some time between 800BC and 700BC,partly because the poems refer to the social conditions of that time, conditions that have been validated（验证）by the findings of archeologists. but just who was the poet who laid down thesecornerstones(基石) of western literature? Well, tradition ascribles them to a man named Homer, but we know virtually nothing about this Homer. In fact, some say that such a poet never existed at all, that neither the Iliad nor the Odyssey was written by a single poet, but rather each poem is compositive of the writings of several people. This, anyway, is the view of a school of literary critics in the 18th century known as the Analysts. The Analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem to argue that each work was in fact a collection of several poems by several Greek authors. Opposing the analysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian. They insisted that the Iliad and the Odyssey could have been the work of single poetic genius. To support their argument, they stress among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the poetry. This wouldn't have been possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets. Now how we look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry, an American scholar who first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s. So let's take a look at Parry's research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about Homer.47 what aspect of the Iliad and the Odyssey does the professor mainly discuss?48 according to the professor, what is one of the claims made by the analysts?49 According to the Unitarians, what is one type of evidence that a single poet could have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey?50 What will the professor probably talk about next?。

2002年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word．You may refer to your notes．Make stile the word you fillin is both grammatically and semantically acceptable．Study Activities in UniversityIn order to help college and university students in the process of learning，four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own．1．Essay writing：central focus of university work，esp．in the humanities，e．g．(1)＿＿．(1)＿＿benefits：1)helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding．2)enabling teachers to know progress and to offer(2)＿＿．(2)＿＿3)familiarizing students with，exam forms．2．Seminars and classroom discussion：another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts．benefits：1)(3)＿＿enables you to know the effectiveness of and (3)＿＿others’response to your speech immediately．2)Within the same period of time，more topics can be dealt withthan in(4)＿＿．(4)＿＿3)The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged．3．Individual tutorials：a substitute for group discussion．format：from teacher(5) ＿＿to flexible conversation．(5)＿＿benefit：encouraging ideas and interaction．4．Lectures：a most(6)＿＿used study activity．(6)＿＿disadvantages：1)less(7)＿＿than discussions or tutorials．(7)＿＿2)more demanding in note－taking．advantages：1)providing a general(8)＿＿0f a subject under discussion．(8)＿＿2)offering more easily understood versions of a theory．3)updating students on(9)＿＿developments．(9)＿＿4)allowing students to follow different(10)＿＿．(10) ＿＿(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

2002年10月TOEFL（托福）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Structure & Written Expression 3. Reading ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension1．A．She wants the man to make a reservation for her.B．They don’t need a reservation tonight.C．They should make reservations for next weekend.D．She thinks the restaurant will be crowded tonight.正确答案：B解析：Do you think we should make reservations for dinner tonight?I doubt we’ll need one, Lusia seems to be one of those places that is only crowded on weekends.2．A．Get her watch fixed.B．Purchase a watch for the man.C．Cancel the next meeting.D．End the meeting early.正确答案：A解析：Did you realize that our meeting this afternoon was supposed to be for 2:15, not 2:30.I’m really sorry. I think my watch has been running slow. I’m going to do something about it soon.3．A．Take the class with a different professorB．Take a class in a different subject.C．Ask the professor if she can take the class.D．Complete the required courses this term.正确答案：C解析：I’m really disappointed; there are a couple of required courses I have to take before I can take the history class I’m interested in.Don’t be disappointed yet. You may be able to get special permission from the professor.4．A．He isn’t sure who won the game.B．The game won’t be played until next week.C．It started raining after the game was over.D．It probably will rain next week.正确答案：B解析：Do you know who won the baseball game?They had to postpone it because of the rain. It’s been rescheduled for next week.5．A．The book had been misplaced on the shelf.B．He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.C．He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available.D．The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book..正确答案：B解析：Hi, I hope you can help me, I need the 2nd edition of United States’government for my class on Monday afternoon, but I only see the 1st edition on the shelf and I’ve already checked other book stores around here.Yes, some one else had asked me about the book earlier. I called the warehouse and they’re shipping copies to us, we should have them Monday morning.6．A．He used to have problems doing the assignments.B．The woman should become a tutor.C．The woman won’t have difficulty in her next class.D．The woman needs help with her assignments.正确答案：D解析：I’ll never catch up in my classes after being at sick all last week. It took me over 3 hours just to do last night’s assignment. Maybe I’ll need a tutor.Sounds like you could use one.7．A．Buy the cheaper ice cream.B．Buy the brand of ice cream he usually buys.C．Choose an ice cream that tastes good.D．Get ice cream at a different store.正确答案：C解析：I’m still not sure which brand of ice cream I should buy.Oh, not that one, it’s cheaper but these other brand taste much better.8．A．He didn’t enjoy the game because the team lost.B．He’s impressed by the efforts of the team.C．The woman is wrong about who won the game.D．The players could have won if they’d tried harder.正确答案：B解析：Losing the championship must have been a big disappointment to the players on our volleyball team.Yeah, but they really played their hearts out. They are still champions in my book.9．A．The woman already knew about the increase in fees.B．The dorms will be cheaper than off-campus housing.C．The woman thinks the man should move out of the dorm.D．The woman is pleased she won’t have to pay the higher fees.正确答案：D解析：Hey, did you hear that they’re going to raise the dorm fees again. Really? Am I glad I decide to move off campus?10．A．He didn’t know that David was having a problem.B．The woman doesn’t know much about accounting.C．David hasn’t started working on his project yet.D．David is going to ask the woman for help.正确答案：D解析：Do you have any idea why David wants to see me tomorrow? Is he having problems with his accounting project?Yeah, he’s been struggle with it from day one and I’m told you’re an expert on that stuff.11．A．Invite his family to go to Alaska with him.B．Get advice on how to organize the trip.C．Make a flight reservation as soon as possible.D．Borrow money from his family.正确答案：D解析：I have to borrow enough money to buy a plane ticket. My archaeology class is taking a future trip to Alaska and I may never get another chance like this.Look, when push comes to show, the people you can rely on most are your family.12．A．He’d like to go for a walk another time.B．He doesn’t want to walk in the rain.C．He’s on his way to check out a book..D．He only has time for a short walk.正确答案：A解析：I’ve been in a library studying all day. What do you say to a walk around Grain Lake? I’ve got to go to the computer lab. Can I take a ring check?13．A．She doesn’t speak French very well.B．She may be too busy to help.C．She didn’t attend the French Club meeting yesterday.D．She hadn’t heard about the activities fair.正确答案：B解析：Hey, it was great to see you at the French club meeting yesterday. You know we could really use your help getting ready for the activity’s affair.I don’t know.I don’t really have that much extra time.14．A．She needs to relax.B．The man should try harder to concentrate.C．She has almost finished the reading assignment.D．The music will bother her.正确答案：D解析：Do you mind if I put on some music? It helps me relax while I’m studying.Well, en, do you have to? I’m having a hard time concentrating on this chapter as it is.15．A．Speak to his previous employer.B．Get a job working on campus.C．Attend the career services workshop.D．Get a job application form from her.正确答案：C解析：I’m pretty confident the company where I worked the passed 2 summers will hire me full time after graduation.Well, just in case that it doesn’t work out, career’s service is having a work shop on campus next Thursday on applying for a job. They have one here last year, and I know a lot of people find it helpful.16．A．She will wash the sweater.B．The sweater has the wrong label.C．The man can get another sweater.D．The manufacturer will repair the sweater.正确答案：C解析：I washed this sweater according to the directions on the label and look what happen to it.It could be a manufactures’ defect, we’ll exchange it for you.17．A．He’s very busy Friday night.B．He hasn’t seen his parents for a long time.C．He’s sorry that he missed dinner.D．He accepts the woman’s invitation.正确答案：D解析：I was wandering if you wanna to join my parents and me for dinner Friday night.I won’t miss it for the words.18．A．Discuss her report with the man.B．Give the man her history notes.C．Work on an assignment.D．Answer the man’s questions.正确答案：C解析：Thanks for lending me your history notes. They were really very helpful. Can I ask you for a few questions about it, though. Sure, but could we make it for tomorrow. I have a report to finish before my 2 o’clock class and I’m running behind.19．A．She’s going to spend the whole year in New York.B．She plans to travel somewhere other than New York.C．She decided not to take a vacation this year.D．She won’t be able to travel until later in the year.正确答案：B解析：Are you going to spend your vacation in New York again this summer?Actually I’ve got a different destination in mind this year.20．A．She doesn’t think that she looks like the student.B．Many of her students look alike.C．She isn’t related to the student.D．Her daughter isn’t in her class.正确答案：C解析：I can’t believe how much that student who was just in here looks like you. She could be your daughter.I know, people are always assuming that we’re related.21．A．The woman will probably not be able to get the call she’s waiting for.B．The woman’s phone call isn’t important.C．He’ll call the phone company for the woman.D．He’ll try to repair the “woman’s phone.正确答案：A解析：I just realize my telephone isn’t working and I’m just expecting for an important phone call in a few minutes.Well, you can use my phone to make a call to the phone company, but it looks like there’s not much that can be done about the one you’re expecting.22．A．He also plans to drop a class,B．He also waited in line for a long time today.C．He doesn’t know where to go to drop a class.D．He missed the deadline for dropping a class.正确答案：A解析：I was in line for 2 hours today waiting to drop a class. Not me, when I saw the line snarling around the building, I said no, I’ll just try tomorrow.23．A．The man should use a new printer.B．The man’s primer isn’t set up correctly.C．There is nothing wrong with the man’s printer.D．She can’t help the man right away.正确答案：D解析：Could you take a look at my printer? It doesn’t seem to be working.I can’t offer to se up this new one. Just give me a few minutes, OK?24．A．The woman should wear his scarf to the game.B．It will be cold at the game.C．The woman should borrow another sweater.D．He’ll go home and get another scarf.正确答案：A解析：Did you bring your blue and yellow sweater for me to wear at the gametoday. You know I like to wear school colors at these games.Oh, I know I’ve forgot something and it’s too far to get back. Will my yellow scarf do?25．A．She understands why the man seems unhappy.B．She will help the man change his diet.C．The man should see a doctor.D．The doctor has already explained the problem to her.正确答案：A解析：The doctor says I’ve to cut down on fattening foods. All the ones I like..So that explains your mood.26．A．The number of people who voted was very low.B．The vote was very close.C．Congressman Baker didn’t run for office.D．She was not pleased with the results.正确答案：B解析：I missed the election returns on TV last night. What was the outcome?You remember last time when C B won easily, well, this time he barely won.27．A．He’s sorry that the woman didn’t like the book.B．He can order the math book for the woman.C．It’s too late for the woman to get a refund.D．The woman bought the book less than ten days ago.正确答案：C解析：Excuse me, I bought the wrong math book a couple of weeks ago. Here is the receipt. Can I get my money back?Oh, I’m sorry not after 10 days, but you can still exchange it for something else.28．A．He was pleased with the art in the collection.B．He prefers small art exhibits to large ones.C．He hasn’t visited the art gallery yet.D．He doesn’t enjoy going to art galleries.正确答案：A解析：I just got back from the new art gallery downtown. Have you seen their collection yet?It’s a lot smaller than what I was expecting, but what they do have is impressive.29．A．He’d like to invite the woman for lunch..B．He didn’t expect to join the woman for lunch.C．He can help the woman solve the math problem.D．He wants to postpone his lunch meeting with the woman.正确答案：B解析：I’m sorry Bob, I wouldn’t invite you over to eat lunch with us, but we’re in the middle of working on a math problem.Oh, I can understand. Anyway, I can tell you’re working.30．A．V ote for the man.B．Read the man’s speech.C．Introduce the man to the class president.D．Tell her friends to vote in the election.正确答案：B解析：I just wrote the speech for the election. You know, I’m running for a class president. I was wandering if you would mind looking it over.Hey, what a friend’s for?听力原文：Excuse me, I’ve been using this old book for a research project and I noticed that a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle.Yes, unfortunately, that’s a common problem with books made from wood pulp. I suppose to make paper from wood that you have to add a lot of chemicals and acids to make it turn white.Exactly and it’s the acid that eventually eats away the paper.Oh, that actually make sense, but this book’s not even 75 years old and I’ve seen books in museum that are hundreds of years old and they’re in fine condition.Well, you see, books have been made from wood pulp only since 1850’s, before that they were made from materials mostly animals’ skins or C, no chemicals were added.It’s a shame those older wood pulp books are going to fall apart some day. Is there anything that can be done to preserve them.En, currently the only way to stop the books from decaying is to remove the binding and treat each page individually to remove the acid.That doesn’t sound very economical.No, it isn’t. It’s not practical to treat a large number of books with this process, so we only try to rescue the most valuable 1st edition books in our collection.Well, thanks for the explanation. I’d better get back to my project.Good luck, and I hope the old book hold long enough for you to finish it.31．A．The early history of bookbinding.B．How old books become valuable.C．Economical ways to protect old books,D．Why some books deteriorate.正确答案：D解析：What are the speakers mainly discussing?32．A．They are often handled improperly by readers.B．The paper is destroyed by chemicals.C．The ink used in printing damages the paper.D．The glue used in the binding loses its strength.正确答案：B解析：According to the man, why do modern books decay?33．A．They are difficult to read.B．They are slowly falling apart.C．They were not made from wood pulp.D．They should be stored in a cold place正确答案：C解析：What does the man say about books published before 1950?34．A．It’s very expensive.B．It hasn’t proven to be totally effective.C．It can be damaging to some books.D．It can’t be used on books published before 1850.正确答案：A解析：What does the man say is a drawback to the process of restoring books?35．A．Get some books for the man to look at.B．Ask the man to look over her notes.C．Continue her research in the library.D．Find more information on how books are preserved.正确答案：C解析：What will the women probably do next?听力原文：OK, as you all know, tomorrow we’re be going to the museum to see a special exhibit of screemshore carvings. So today, I’d like to take a few minutes to talk about the article on screemshore you read for today’s class. Let me start byasking exactly what is screemshore?Well, basically it’s a kind of artwork that was done by sailors on whaling ships. When there weren’t any whales around, there might not be much for the sailors to do and they often get pretty bored. So to entertain themselves, they started carving stuff on whale bones and whale teeth.OK, so basically the term screemshore refers to the artwork that sailors created. Usually out of whale bones and whale teeth. Can you give me an example or something that sailors might have carved.Well, for one thing, I remember reading that they carved things that could be used around house, you know, cooking and sowing utensils, that kind of stuff.Good.You know, I noticed from the pictures in the article that some of the carvings have really detailed images on them, like they have some pretty sophiscated pictures of famous people and historical themes and stuff like that. And I was wandering just how they did that.That’s a very good question and it brings us your assignment for tomorrow. While at the museum, I’d like each of you to take some notes on the various technique used in making screemshore. So that we can discuss them when we come back to class.36．A．To plan an exhibit of the student’s artwork.B．To discuss different whaling techniques.C．To prepare for a visit to a museum.D．To review information for an examination.正确答案：C解析：What is the purpose of the discussion?37．A．Iron from old ships.B．Wood found floating in the ocean.C．Seashells of unusual shapes and colors.D．The bones and teeth of whales.正确答案：D解析：From what material dose screemshore usually made?38．A．To occupy their free time.B．To bring good luck.C．To earn extra money.D．To take part in art competitions.正确答案：A解析：According to the discussion, why did sailors begin making screemshore?39．A．They were used in the home.B．They were used to decorate the ship.C．They were used to catch whales.D．They were sold to art dealers.正确答案：A解析：According to the discussion, what was done with the screemshore objects?听力原文： A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they’re not significant. Let me give you an example, I see lots of T-shirts here in class today, but you probably don’t think of them as an important part of your culture, but anthropologists could learn a lot about the culture of the US just by studying the T shirt. For one thing, T shirts are a mark of how casual clothing has become in America. No one was quite sure where they came from, but the T shirt first become popular in this country as an under shirt for sellers in the 1940s. Then in the 1950s, it became a sign of rebellion for teenagers to wear this white under shirt by itself, not under anything. By the 1960s and 70s, T shirts have become accepted as part of the uniform views. You could even say that they came symbolized that generation’s attitude towards informality and all thing, including dress. On another aspect that anthropologists would find interesting is that T shirts are used to express personal opinions. Look around this room, you know who likes watch TV show, who went where on vacation, who belongs to what organizations on campus. All of these aspects of our culture are printed on your T shirts. OK, I want to stop for a minute and ask you to try to write down five different conclusions you could reach about American culture from just the T shirts in this classroom.40．A．The importance of anthropology to modern society.B．A good source of information about a society.C．Attitudes toward culture in the 1940’s.D．The relationship between anthropology and the military.正确答案：A解析：What is the speaker’s mainly discussing?41．A．Students might not consider them to be an important part of culture.B．They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the 1950’s.C．They are discussed in the student’s textbook.D．They have been worn for hundreds of years.正确答案：A解析：Why does the speaker use T shirts as her example?42．A．To show how politics have changed over the years.B．To point out that T-shirts often provide personal information.C．To illustrate how the printing on clothing has improved.D．To support that T-shirts are a form of art.正确答案：B解析：Why does the speaker mention what is printed on certain T shirts?43．A．Places where T-shirts are not acceptable.B．Images that are currently printed on T-shirts.C．Names of people who have made T-shirts popular.D．Ways that T-shirts represent American culture.正确答案：D解析：What does the speaker ask the students to write down next?听力原文：Finally there is one more element to business success that we haven’t talked about. I know what you think I’m going to say, luck and you’re partially right. Good entrepreneurs know how to make their own luck and that means being in the right place at the right time with the right product. Let me give you a little example, early in this century, if you’re a traveler by train and subway and you happen to get a little thirsty in the station, where would you go for some water? There were no big soda machine at every corner or even drinking fountains, yet there were thousands of thirsty travelers out there, well, what they did was drank water out of one little tin cup that was passed from one thirsty commuter to the next. That’s right, everybody drank out of the same cup, and you can bat it didn’t get washed after every user. Will, that was the right time for the right product and there was a man who had it. His name is H M and his product was the disposable paper cup. He came up with it just as the nation was becoming concerned about their health risks associated with the tin cups. Laws were passed outlying the things; reports were published showing just what sorts of germs can be passed around from sharing them. Mr. M road that way to become the best known producers of one of the most successful paper products of all time. He originally called his product health cups, but later changed the nature, so can anyone guess what that name might be?44．A．Successful business practices.B．Famous inventors.C．Public health concerns.D．Unsuccessful inventions.正确答案：A解析：What general topic has the class been discussing?45．A．They drank from public water fountains.B．They passed around a cup of water.C．They drank from personal tin cups that they carried with them.D．They bought a paper cup of water.正确答案：B解析：In the earlier 20th century, what did train travelers do when they got thirsty?46．A．To demonstrate the importance of public health laws.B．To point out that without luck businesses will not succeed.C．To explain how traveling led to new inventions.D．To illustrate the importance of having the right product at the right time.正确答案：D解析：What is the purpose of the professor’s story?听力原文： A number of insects rely on leaping or jumping as a way of escaping from enemies. Grosshoppers probably have the most remarkable jumping ability of all these insects. If we think of it in human terms, a grosshopper’s high jump is like a human jumping over a five story building. Imagine that a person jumping over a five story building. Well, we’ll take a look at the structure of grosshopper’s leg to see why it’s able to jump so well, but first I wanna talk about the sensory organ that tells grosshoppers when to jump in the first place. En, OK, a grosshopper has two sensory organs located at the end of its abdomen. Whenever these organs sense of change in air pressure which might be produced by an enemy approaching, and impulses transmitted to the legs, this first impulse deactivates the nerves that control normal working and sets the grasshopper’s jumping muscles into a sort of pre-jumping position. Now at this point, if the sensory organs don’t detect additional air pressure changes, the jumping muscles relax and a grosshopper goes back to its normal walking, but if the organs continue to send danger, another set of impulses put the jumping muscles in motion. The distance of the jumping is determined by just how many impulses are transmitted in the second set, the more impulse the longer the jump. OK now let’s see why the grosshopper can jump so far. Open your books at the part of that muscle structure of the grasshopper’s leg. I think it’s in chapter 9.47．A．How grasshoppers find food.B．How grasshoppers fight other insects.C．How grasshoppers communicate with each other.D．How grasshoppers escape from danger.正确答案：D解析：What does the professor mainly discuss?48．A．To correct a common misunderstanding about grasshoppers.B．To help explain how well grasshoppers can jump.C．To compare the size of grasshopper with that of other insects.D．To show how quickly grasshoppers respond to danger.正确答案：B解析：Why does the professor mention a five story building?49．A．They detect nerve impulses transmitted to a grasshopper’s legs.B．They sense how far a grasshopper has jumped.C．They detect changes in air pressure.D．They help a grasshopper find food.正确答案：C解析：What is the function of the sensory organs that the professor discusses?50．A．The number of impulses transmitted to the grasshopper’s legs.B．The age of the grasshopper.C．The number of sensory organs the grasshopper has.D．The size of the nerves that control walking.正确答案：A解析：According to the professor, what determines the distance of a grosshopper’s jump?Sections Two：Structure & Written Expression51．Among the 450 artworks in the White House art collection______.A．as is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two ChildrenB．is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two ChildrenC．which is Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two ChildrenD．Mary Cassatt’s Young Mother and Two Children正确答案：B52．An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles is also termed silt, ______ a consolidated aggregate is called siltstone.A．whichB．whyC．whereasD．whether正确答案：C53．In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth gained critical acclaim when he______Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.A．performB．performedC．had been performingD．having performed正确答案：B54．______ are chiefly derived from petroleum.A．Plastics todayB．There are plastics todayC．Because today plastics todayD．Due to plastics today正确答案：A55．Most tangerine trees and their flowers and fruits resemble ______ the orange, although tangerines are generally smaller.A．of thoseB．which of thoseC．those ofD．which are of正确答案：C56．Ohio, the center of ______ the Hopewell culture, has the greatest concentration of ancient burial mounds in the United States.A．calledB．what is calledC．that is calledD．is called正确答案：B57．______ , such as jazz, are often played from memory rather than from a written score.A．Of some types musicB．Music some of typesC．Some types of musicD．Types of music some正确答案：C58．During the 1850’, reform movements ______temperance and the abolition of slavery gained strength in the United States.A．advocatingB．they had advocatedC．to advocatingD．to advocate when正确答案：A59．Many meteorites are thought to have originated from ______ that once existed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.A．where a planet or planetsB．a planet or planets soC．which a planet or planetsD．a planet or planets正确答案：D60．The modern automobile is a composed of more than 14,000 parts.A．complex technical systemB．system of complex technicalC．complex technical system thatD．system is technically complex.正确答案：A61．______ over 100 years since the invention of the square-bottomed paper bag.A．Now isB．Now it hasC．There is nowD．It is now正确答案：D62．The novelist John Dos Passes developed a style of fiction incorporating several documentary devices ______ to his works.A．lent realismB．that lending realismC．to lend realismD．of whose realism lent正确答案：C63．In Earth’s infancy, its surface was warm enough for life ______ the young Sun was fainter than it is today.A．in spite ofB．whetherC．neither of whichD．even though正确答案：D64．The invention of the compound microscope (which allowed much higher magnification through multiple lenses) made ______ the great strides in life sciences.A．it possibleB．possiblyC．possibleD．it was possible正确答案：C65．Hares generally have longer ears and hind legs than rabbits and move by jumping ______ running.A．rather to beB．rather thanC．are ratherD．as rather正确答案：BSections Three：Reading ComprehensionThe first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized. And not only。

2002年9月TOEFL（托福）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Structure & Written Expression 3. Reading ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension1．A．She needs to find a different roommate.B．She thinks the man should get a haircutC．She didn’t recognize the man because of his haircutD．Few people have noticed her roommate’s haircut正确答案：D解析：M: Hi Joe! I just saw your roommate coming out of the library. She looks different. Did she get her hair cut or something?W: Yeah, three days ago actually. And hardly any one has noticed.Q: What does the woman mean?2．A．Call for the latest weather reportB．Ask the woman for direction to the libraryC．Go to the library to do research for the field tripD．Call his professor about the field trip正确答案：D解析：W: Haven’t you heard? The field trips’ve been called off because of the weather.M: But Professor L told us just today to meet at four in front of the library, maybe I can still reach administrator’s office.Q: What will the man probably do?3．A．She can’t find her carB．Her car isn’t insuredC．She’ll inspect her car for damageD．She’s trying to find out about the insurance正确答案：D解析：M: I’m sorry to hear about your car getting heating in the parking lot (停车场).Did you find out the other drivers with insurance or cover it? W: Not yet, but I’m looking into it.Q: What does the woman mean?4．A．He agrees with the womanB．He hasn’t been to a game recentlyC．He doesn’t think the team has been playing wellD．He doesn’t know much about baseball正确答案：C解析：W: I think our baseball team’s got a good chance of winning the championship this year.M: What? Are you kidding? Have you seen them play recently?Q: What does the man imply?5．A．He has never been to the auditoriumB．He wants to stop and ask for directionsC．The woman won’t be lateD．The program in the auditorium has already begun正确答案：C解析：W: Are you sure this is the right way to the Main auditorium? I can’t afford to be late.M: Oh, that won’t happen; we’ll be there in no time.Q: What does the man mean?6．A．Arrive at class on timeB．Finish his assignments more promptlyC．Get his watch fixedD．Get notes about the class from a friend正确答案：A解析：W: John, I’d like to talk to you about the way you come late everyday, it disrupts the class.M: I’m sorry professor, I didn’t realize I was bothering anyone, I will watch from now on.Q: What will the man probably do?7．A．He plans to sing a song at the auditionB．He thinks the woman should be in the playC．He thinks the woman should invite someone else to the playD．He’s not interested in performing with the drama club正确答案：C解析：W: The drummer club is holding auditions for their annual play, it’s musical. What do you think?B: To tell you the truth, I don’t really act all thing, but thanks for thinking of me.Q: What does the man mean?8．A．She’s too sick to have visitorsB．She picked up her brother last nightC．Her brother’s flight was canceledD．Her brother has changed his plans正确答案：D解析：M: What are you doing here? I thought you will be picking your brother up to the airport.W: Oh, well, he called last night to say he has the flu.Q: What does the woman imply?9．A．He has a very high phone bill this month, tooB．The woman should contact the phone companyC．The woman should make fewer long-distance callsD．He’ll help the woman pay her phone bill正确答案：C解析：W: I cannot believe my phone bill this month, it’s way too high.M: Yeah, that happened to me a lot last year, but this year I have just tried to cut back on my long distance calls.Q: What does the man imply?10．A．Help Laura with her paper next weekB．Ask Laura to clean the apartment by herselfC．Ask someone else to clean the apartment with LaruaD．Ask Laura to wait until next weekend to do the cleaning正确答案：D解析：W: What am I going to do, I have a big paper due Monday, But I promised Flora we’d clean the apartment this weekend.M: Why don’t you just see if Flora will postpone it for a week?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?11．A．He hasn’t read the committee’s report yetB．He’ll encourage the committee to finish the report soon.C．The committee took longer to finish the report than expectedD．The committee’s report contains mistakes正确答案：C解析：W: Didn’t the committee say it would only take a month for them to complete the report？It took at least twice that long.M: Yeah, their estimate was way off the mark (不相关)。