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高三语法复习第4讲名词性从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句名词性从句的引导词可分为引导词1：who,whom, which,what, whatever,whoever,whomever,引导词2：that/ whether ,when, where,why,whose,whenever,wherever,how，however做题方法:首先通过从句所在的未知判断是名词性从句其次分析从句的成分从句中缺主宾表的情况，选择引导词1中的词从句中缺状语或定语，选择引导词2最后，翻译句子，判断逻辑关系引导词的用法1.What引导名词性从句时，要做主语，宾语，表语，要有实际的意义（什么）同样的用法有who，whom,2.that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，不可省略，起连接句子的作用3.when，where,why 在从句中充当状语4.whether 的意思是：“是否”，可引导主语从句，不可以换成if 01.主语从句1）从句在主语的位置，也就是从句做主语即为主语从句Eg1. what made me so happy is the good news I received about herEg2.That he wins the first prize in the competition mad me so delighted . Eg3.where I will go hasn’t been decided .Eg4.whether I accept your invitation is up to you.It 做形式主语，真正的主语是从句，常见的句型有It is+ adj(necessary ,important,essential,natural,strange ) that...It is +n(a pity, shame, no wonder) that......It is said /reported/ believed......It seems /appears/matters that.......02宾语从句（在谓语动词后/介词后，一个句子作宾语）Eg1.I didn’t know what he was talking about .Eg2.I always wonder how close the relationship between them.Eg3.I am glad to know that he came back safe and sound .It 做形式宾语主语+ find、make,feel，consider，see to，depend onEg I find it important that we should respect the old people.03表语从句（be动词和系动词之后用句子做表语）Eg1. That is what I want to tell you .Eg2.what confused me is that he should break up with herEg3.By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.常见的表语从句句型(1)It seems/appears that...(2)This/That is because/why/where/when/how...(3)The question/problem is whether/when/where/how...(4)The suggestion/advice/purpose/aim/goal/dream is that...(5)What从句+be+ that从句例如:What annoyed me most was that he came late again.04同位语从句1）同位语从句的结构：表示内容的先行词+引导词+从句2）同位语从句是对先行词的解释说明3）同位语从句的先行词一般是包含一定内容的抽象名词，如；suggestion、advice、proposal、thought、doubt、belief、news、promise、word、notice、request、requirement，problemEg1. He made a promise to me that he won’t be late for the class once again.4）同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句对先行词是起修饰作用，做出限定同位语从句对先行词是解释说明that的用法不同，在定语从句中that是关系代词在从句中做主语宾语表语在同位语从句中，that在从句中不做任何成分Here comes the news that he is admitted to the university.(同位语从句) Here comes the news that I am looking forward to .（定语从句）05wh-ever引导的名词性从句（无论....）1）引导词1：whatever/ whoever/ whomever/whichever（无论哪一个）在从句中做主宾表成分引导词2：whenever/ wherever/however在从句中做状语I can do whatever I want to doWhoever comes to English class late will sing a song for other students2）Wh-ever =no matter wh-Wh-ever 结构可以引导状语从句和名词性从句No matter wh-只能引导状语从句3）wh-和wh-ever 的区别wh-ever 译为无论.....，没有范围和条件wh-指特定的人，事情，地点等Eg1. Who is the next one to answer the question?Whoever answers the question can get a candy .Exercise 11.(2024·天津河西区模拟)_______ I’m concerned about most is_______we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. A.That; how B.What; if C.What; how D.As; whether【解析】选C。
语法专项复习：名词性从句一、名词性从句的类型：1.主语从句(Subject Clause)：充当句子的主语；置于句首或句末(常用“it”作形式主语)例句：Whether Native Americans arrived in California 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important.*从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
但是what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句的谓语动词的数应与主句中表语的名词保持一致。
例句：1. What they bought was water.2. What they bought were books.“It”作形式主语的句型：1) It is/was +名词( no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)＋主从例句：It is a pity that we can’t go.2) It is/was ＋形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely,certain…)＋主语从句例句：It is clear that Tom has returned.3) It is/was＋过去分词(said / reported / believed / known / thought / expected /decided / announced / arranged…)＋主语从句例句：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.4) It＋动词(happens /occurs / seems…) ＋主语从句例句：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.5) It doesn’t matter how/whether…例句：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.2.宾语从句(Object Clause)：作句子的宾语；位于动词或介词之后。
名词性从句（一）引导名词性从句的连接词/引导词：1、连接代词：who (ever), whose (ever), whom (ever), what (ever)（在从句中作主语，表语，宾语和宾语补足语，保留原疑问词的意义或译为“……事情”，“……的东西”。
）, which (主要作定语)，whichever（有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等）。
2、连接副词：when(ever), where (ever), why, how (ever), how many, how much。
有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if (though), because。
that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if, because虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
如：Who will go is not important.Which group we will choose is up to you to decide.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
如：It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.（但由what, whatever, whoever, whichever引起的主语从句一般不后置。
）3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4、由whoever=anyone who, whatever=anything that引导的从句泛指人和物；whichever既指人又指物，表示在一定范围内的人或物。
可单独使用，可作定语修饰名词也可与of短语连用。
如：Whoever comes will be welcome.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.Whichever of us fulfils his work first will lend a helping hand to others.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
如：The question was who could go there.He looks as if he was going to cry.Things are not as they seemed.That is where Luxun used to live.That was when I was thirty.2、引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省略。
如：My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.3、reason后的表语从句用that（无意义也不作句子成分）引导，定语从句用why（作原因状语）或that（作主语或宾语）引导。
比较：The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied.The reason that he told me was that he didn’t like the girl.4、why和because 引起的表语从句意义不相同。
比较：You failed in the exam. This is because you didn’t take his advice. (因为→起因)The girl is very kind. That is why I like her very much.. （为什么→结果）（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、和一些形容词的宾语。
引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
但如果由and/ but连接两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可省略。
如：I hope (that) everything is all right.（比较：I hope what you said is true. That引起宾语从句无意义，不作句子成分；what=everything that引起宾语从句作句子的主语或宾语。
）They said (that) they were strangers there and that they had lost their way.She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.(注意：that从句一般不作介词宾语，但except that, besides that, in that属于固定用法。
We’ll all like to play with him except that you aren’t fond of him.)You can depend on whoever is willing to lend you a hand.(注意：whoever引起从句在从句中作主语，既可在介词后作宾语也可作动词宾语。
)I’m afraid (that) I can’t accept your invitation.2、介词之后的宾语从句不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。
如：I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
如：I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
如：Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
如：I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether 可与不定式连用。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。
但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
如：It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.⑤某些动词后面（discuss）只能用whether, 不能用if。
如：We are discussing whether we can finish the work on time.4、有doubt的从句中的肯定式后的引导词用whether；否定式或疑问式后的引导词用that 。
如：I doubt whether he runs fast.I have no doubt that he can do a good job of it.Can you doubt that she likes me?5、形式宾语。
在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如是由从句、不定式或动名词短语来担任，通常把宾语放在补足语后面，用it作形式宾语放在原来宾语的位置。
如：I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. (that在这种句型中不可省略)6、宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
①insist, order, demand, suggest, proposal, advise, request, require, ask, desire, imagine…等动词后的宾语从句的动词应用(should) do / should have done。
②wish 后的从句的谓语动词有过去、现在和将来三种形式，见虚拟语气的讲述。
（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
That 引导同位语从句时无意义，不作句子成分，也不可省略。
其他引导词有自己的意思（when 什么时候）。
如：I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
比较：The news that he passed the exam was a great surprise. (同位语从句)The news (that/ which) he told me was a great surprise. (定语从句)（六）that 从句的几种形式1. It + be + adj. (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain,probable…) + that-clause.如：It is certain that he will do well in her exam.2. It + be + noun groups (no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)如：It’s no wonder / surprise that our team should have won the game.3. It + be + past p. (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, thought,believed…) + that-clause.如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.4. It + be + necessary( important, advisable, natural, desirable, strange….) + that + sb. (should) +do sth.It + be + desired (suggested, ordered, requested, proposed…) + that + sb. (should) + do sth.It + be + a pity ( a shame…) + that + sb (should) + do sth.如：It’s suggested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.5. that-clause 一般不做介词宾语（except, in 除外）。
