考研英语新题型模拟试题

2022教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题(新题型4)----新题型PartB汇编4、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Until about two million years ago Africa’s vegetation had always been controlled by the interactions of climate; geology, soil, and groundwater conditions; and the activities of animals. The addition of humans to the latter group,however,has increasingly rendered unreal the concept of a fully developed “natural” vegetation—i.e., one approximating the ideal of a vegetational climax.(41).Early attempts at mapping and classifying Africa’s vegetation stressed this relationship:sometimes the names of plant zones were derived directly from climates.In this discussion the idea of zones is retained only ina broad descriptive sense.(42). In addition, over time more floral regions of varying shape and size have been recognized.Many schemes have arisen successively,all of which have had to take views on two important aspects: the general scale of treatment to be adopted, and the degree to which human modification is to be comprehended or discounted.(43).Quite the opposite assumption is now frequently advanced. An intimate combination of many species—in complex associations and related to localized soils, slopes, and drainage—has been detailed in many studies of the African tropics. In a few square miles there may be a visible succession from swamp with papyrus, the grass of which the ancient Egyptians made paper and from which the word“paper”originated,through swampy grassland and broad-leaved woodland and grass to a patch of forest on richer hillside soil,and finally to juicy fleshy plants on a nearly naked rock summit.(44). Correspondingly, classifications have differed greatlyin their principles for naming,grouping,and describing formations: some have chosen terms such as forest,woodland,thorn-bush, thicket, and shrub for much of the same broad tracts that others have grouped as wooded savanna (treeless grassy plain) and steppe (grassy plain with few trees).This is best seen in the nomenclature, naming of plants, adopted by two of the most comprehensive and authoritative maps of Africa’s vegetation that have been published: R. W. J. Keay’s Vegetation Map of Africa South of the Tropic of Cancer and its more widely based successor, The Vegetation Map of Africa,compiled by Frank White.In the Keay map the terms“savanna”and“steppe” were adopted as precise definition of formations, based on the herb layer and the coverage of woody vegetation; the White map, however, discarded these two categories as specific classifications.Yet any rapid absence of savanna as in its popular and more general sense is doubtful.(45).However,some100specific types of vegetation identified on the source map have been compressed into14broader classifications.[A] As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their complex ecology, naming, classification,and mapping have also become more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential.[B] In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season,the fires burn back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth.[C] Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States.[D] The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations.[E] African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns.As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation.[F]Nevertheless,in broad terms,climate remains the dominant control over vegetation.Zonal belts of precipitation,reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents,give some reality to related belts of vegetation.[G]The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland; but there has been considerable dispute among scholars concerning the natural versus human-caused development of most African grasslands at the regional level.答案41.F 42.A 43.C 44.G 45.D总体分析本文是一篇介绍非洲植被讨论的科普性文章。

考研英语模拟测试题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1.(10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 1 only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 2 embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner. Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.4 , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of6 .It has been known as a fact that the British has a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 9 forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 a British cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate-or as inaccurate-as the weathermen in his 14 .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 15 weather that the British make to each other in the course of asingle day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18 he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. [A] relaxed [B] frustrated [C] amused [D] exhausted2. [A] yet [B] otherwise [C] even [D] so3. [A] experience [B] witness [C] watch [D] undergo4. [A] Deliberately [B] Consequently [C] Frequently [D] Apparently5. [A] unless [B] once [C] while [D] as6. [A] suspicion [B] opposition [C] criticism [D] praise7. [A] emotion [B] fancy [C] likeliness [D] judgment8. [A] at length [B] to a great extent [C] from his heart [D] by all means9. [A] follows [B] predicts [C] defies [D] supports10. [A] dedication [B] compassion [C] contemplation [D] speculation11. [A] Still [B] Also [C] Certainly [D] Fundamentally12. [A] faith [B] reliance [C] honor [D] credit13. [A] if [B] once [C] when [D] whereas14. [A] propositions [B] predictions [C] approval [D] defiance15. [A] about [B] on [C] in [D] to16. [A] started [B] conducted [C] replaced [D] proposed17. [A] Since [B] Although [C] However [D] Only if18. [A] Even if [B] Because [C] If [D] For19. [A] at a loss [B] at last [C] in groups [D] on the occasion20. [A] stimulate [B] constitute [C] furnish [D] provokeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past 50 years. They responded magnificently, though often predictably. But this was not a popularity contest, or an unpopularity one. Except Jack Kennedy, every eligible president of the United States was nominated, along with every important political leader of the rest of the world. Alan Greenspan was a popular choice, but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed. Donald Trump, Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned. Even fewer women were nominated, though Diana, Princess of Wales, was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan, explaining, "A joke-cracking, afternoon-napping, intellectual lightweight whose memory could, in times of crisis, always be relied upon, but only to fail. Although foolish enough to announce, live on radio, that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife's astrologer (占星家), he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West. Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed tofill his cowboy boots. "Richard Spencer (address not supplied) chose Yasser Arafat, whose foolishness was in "never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity". "While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis, Arafat was unable to (or simply chose not to) seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians. Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good, he likely would have been buried as a bona fide (真正的) world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine. "Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken, New Jersey, nominated Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra, baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63). "Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual: he is famous for such remarks as 'You don't look so hot yourself' (in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit), 'What? You mean right now? (when asked for the time of day), and 'I take a two-hour nap, from one o'clock to four. ' On second glance, however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗) wisdom: If you don't know where you're going, you'll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone-there were so many people talking. Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult (崇拜) of books and seminars. Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education. "Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21. Dennis Papathasiou's comment suggests .[A] Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B] It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C] It is wrong to underestimate a person of modesteducation.[D] The baseball player is philosophical about life.22. What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A] He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B] He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C] He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D] His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23. The possible reason to drop the U.S. presidents from the contest is that .[A] The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B] most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou's choice[C] The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D] The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24. Richard Spencer's comment implies that the Palestinian leader .[A] should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B] failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C] failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D] should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25. The word "humble" (Line 9, Para. 4) denotes .[A] self-importance in bearing [B] modesty in behavior[C] a free of care character [D] easy-goingness in manners。

考研英语（一）模拟试卷21(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)It is much clear that our diets are unhealthy. Now, an increasing number of scientists and physicians wonder if our【C1】______for unhealthy, obesity-inducing eating might be【C2】______to the food choices made during our first weeks and months of life.【C3】______, the latest research indicates that what we learn to like as infants【C4】______what we eat as adults. If 【C5】______, we might be able to【C6】______the obesity epidemic in a new and more promising way, one that【C7】______the very first spoonful. Today, 【C8】______, most of those early loving spoonfuls contain more sugar and salt thanis nutritionally【C9】______. A recent study in the Journal of Public Health found that53 percent of processed baby and toddler foods lining supermarket shelves have a(n) 【C10】______number of calories from simple sugars, and 12 percent of them have too much sodium. The authors,【C11】______how overindulgence【C12】______both of these nutrients is linkedto cardiovascular disease and diabetes, suggest that early【C13】______to overly sweet or salty meals could promote a taste for these unhealthy【C14】______in the future. 【C15】______focus on limiting the unhealthful aspects of diet, Gary Beauchamp, a biopsychologist and a leading expert on chemosensory science, prefers to study the【C16】______of good-for-you foods. Based on data he has collected in the past 40 years, Beauchamp thinks “that complex multisensory flavor profiles are influenced by our【C17】______during the first few monthsof life. “ And if parents【C18】______healthful tastes and flavors, such as carrots or broccoli,【C19】______, an infant will not only rapidly adapt, but will also develop a(n)【C20】______for these flavors that could persist for a lifetime. [279 words]1．【C1】A．preparationB．inclinationC．compensationD．suggestion正确答案：B解析：本题考查上下文语义。

2021教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题(新题型2)2021年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题----新题型PartB汇编2、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Analyzing your own taste[B] Being cautious when experimenting[C] Finding a model to follow[D] Getting the final look absolutely right[E] Learning to be realistic[F] Making regular conscious choicesWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it’s something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, whichin turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it’s what’s inside that’s important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.41___________For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they’ve seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faults —we all have good points and bad points—but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.42___________When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you’re likely to meet, where you’re going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there’s no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else’s idea of whatlooks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.43___________But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot—most people wear 20 per cent of their wardrobe 80 per cent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don’t wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme?44___________Some colors bring your natural colouring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colours by all means, but remember that dressing in bright colours when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it’s good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once.45___________So, you’ve chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your colouring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won’t achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won’t improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn’t fit perfectly, don’t buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style.Reappraising your image isn’t selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You’ll look better and you’ll feel a better person all round. And if in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian’s book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 per cent on how we look and behave, 38 per cent on how we speak and only 7 per cent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn’t it time you made the most of yourself?为帮助2021年考研学员更好的备考英语，本店铺特分类整理了2021年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟题及详细解析，供学员备考复习，祝各位考生复习顺利！取得好成绩！答案41.E 42.F 43.A 44.B 45.D总体分析本文是一篇关于个人着装的评论。

考研英语新题型练习题一、阅读理解Passage 1A recent study conducted by researchers at a renowned university focused on the effects of stress on college students. The study, which surveyed over 1,000 students, found that high levels of stress negatively impact academic performance.The study revealed that students who reported high stress levels had lower GPAs compared to those with lower stress levels. This suggests that stress can hinder a student's ability to concentrate and perform well in their studies.Additionally, the study found a correlation between stress levels and overall well-being. Students who reported high stress levels also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression. This highlights the importance of addressing stress among college students in order to promote their mental health.Passage 2Another study explored the link between sleep patterns and academic success. The researchers analyzed the sleep habits of college students and compared them to their grades. The findings indicated that students who consistently had adequate sleep achieved higher grades compared to those with irregular sleep patterns.This study emphasizes the significance of establishing a healthy sleep routine for college students. It suggests that prioritizing sleep can lead to improved academic performance.Passage 3A third study focused on the impact of exercise on cognitive function. The researchers conducted a controlled experiment where one group of students engaged in regular exercise while another group did not. The results showed that the group who exercised regularly demonstrated higher cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention span, compared to the non-exercise group.This study highlights the benefits of physical activity not only for physical health but also for cognitive function. It suggests that incorporating exercise into one's routine can enhance academic performance.Overall, these three studies shed light on various factors that can influence a college student's academic performance. Stress, sleep patterns, and exercise all play significant roles in determining how well students perform in their studies. Addressing these factors and promoting healthy habits can contribute to overall academic success and well-being.二、完型填空In recent years, online learning has become increasingly 1 among students. With the advent of technology, students now have access to a wide range of online courses and educational resources. While some may argue that traditional classroom learning is still superior, online learning offers 2 benefits.Firstly, online learning provides 3 flexibility. Students can access course materials and lectures at their convenience, allowing them to study at their own pace. This is particularly beneficial for those who have other commitments such as jobs or family responsibilities. Online learning allows individuals to balance their academic pursuits with their personal lives.Secondly, online learning promotes self-discipline and independence. Unlike traditional classroom learning, where students have constant supervision, online learners are responsible for managing their own time and staying motivated. This fosters a sense of self-reliance and encourages individuals to take ownership of their education.Furthermore, online learning offers a wider range of course options. Students can choose from a variety of subjects and specializations, regardless of their geographical location. This opens up opportunities for individuals who may not have access to certain courses or educational institutions in their local area.However, there are also drawbacks to online learning. One of the main challenges is the lack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers. In a traditional classroom setting, students can ask questions and participate in discussions, which enhances the learning experience. Online learners may miss out on this interactive aspect of education.In conclusion, online learning provides flexibility, promotes self-discipline, and offers a wide range of course options. While it may have its limitations, it is clear that online learning has become a valuable and accessible mode of education for many students.三、写作任务Topic: The Impact of Social Media on SocietyIntroduction:Social media has become an integral part of modern society, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter on a daily basis. While social media offers numerous benefits, it also has a profound impact on society. This essay will explore the positive and negative effects of social media on various aspects of our lives.Body Paragraph 1 - Communication:One of the key benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate communication. Platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp allow people to connect and share information instantly, regardless of their geographical locations. This has greatly enhanced global connectivity and fostered the exchange of ideas.Body Paragraph 2 - Information Sharing:Social media also plays a significant role in spreading information and raising awareness about important issues. News articles and videos can be easily shared and accessed by millions of people, often leading to increased public engagement and activism. However, the widespread dissemination of information also raises concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the content.Body Paragraph 3 - Personal Relationships:On the other hand, the excessive use of social media can negatively impact personal relationships. Spending excessive time on social mediaplatforms can lead to decreased face-to-face interactions, affecting the quality of interpersonal relationships. Additionally, the cultivation of online personas can create a false sense of connection, leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation.Body Paragraph 4 - Mental Health:Social media has been linked to various mental health issues, including depression and anxiety. The constant exposure to carefully curated images and idealized lifestyles on platforms like Instagram can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Cyberbullying is also a prevalent issue on social media, further exacerbating mental health problems.Conclusion:Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and build relationships. While it offers numerous benefits, such as instant communication and information access, it also comes with drawbacks, including the potential for decreased personal interactions and negative impacts on mental health. It is crucial for individuals to strike a balance in their social media usage and be mindful of its effects on their well-being.。

考研英语模拟试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a post office.M: Excuse me, do you have the latest edition of "The Economist"?F: Yes, it's right over here on the new releases shelf.2. A) She is going to the doctor's.B) She is going to the dentist's.C) She is going to the hairdresser's.D) She is going to the supermarket.M: What time are you planning to leave?F: As soon as I finish this chapter, I'll head to the dentist.3. A) He is a teacher.B) He is a student.C) He is a librarian.D) He is a writer.M: I'm working on a paper for my history class.F: Well, you're in the right place. The library has a vast collection of resources.4-8. (Similar format)...Conversation 1M: I heard you're going to take the GRE next month. Are you feeling prepared?F: Yes, I am. I've been attending a prep course and doing a lot of practice tests.Questions:9. A) He is curious about her preparation.B) He is offering to help her study.C) He is asking about the exam date.D) He is surprised she is taking the exam.10. A) She is confident about her preparation.B) She is worried about the cost of the course.C) She is considering dropping out of the course.D) She is unsure about the test format.Conversation 2...Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage 1[Recording will describe a historical event or a scientific discovery.]11-13. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 2[Recording will describe a current social issue or a cultural phenomenon.]14-16. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 3[Recording will describe a personal story or a biographical sketch.]17-19. (Questions based on the passage)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a longconversation or a lecture. You will hear the conversation or lecture only once. After you hear the conversation or lecture, you will read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.20-25. (Questions based on the long conversation or lecture)Part II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions that follow each text by choosing the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D). After reading the text, you will find questions based on the content, main idea, and details of the text.Text 1[A short passage about an environmental issue.]26. What is the main cause of the environmental issue discussed in the text?A) Industrial pollution.B) Deforestation.C) Climate change.D) Agricultural runoff.27. What is the primary solution proposed by the author?A) Stricter regulations on factories.B) Reforestation efforts.C) International cooperation.D) Public awareness campaigns.Text 2[A short passage about a technological innovation.]28-31. (Questions based on the text)Text 3[A short passage about a historical figure.]32-35. (Questions based on the text)Text 4[A short passage about an economic theory.]36-39. (Questions based on the text)Section BDirections: The following texts are of a more complex nature. After reading each text, answer the questions that follow.You may choose the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D).Text 5[A more complex passage about a social issue.]40. What is the author's opinion on the social issue?A) It is a pressing concern that requires immediate action.。

考研英语模拟试题大全及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a museum.M: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find the latest issue of "Science Review"?W: Sure, it's right next to the "National Geographic" on the new arrivals shelf.2. A) He is a writer.B) He is a professor.C) He is a student.D) He is a journalist.M: I'm reading Professor Smith's latest book for my literature class.W: Oh, he's not only a renowned author but also teaches at the university.3. A) She is going to the beach.B) She is going to the mountains.C) She is going to the cinema.D) She is going to the countryside.M: What are your plans for the weekend?W: I'm planning to climb the mountains with some friends.4. A) He is a doctor.B) He is a lawyer.C) He is a teacher.D) He is an engineer.M: I've decided to follow my father's footsteps and become a lawyer.W: That's great. Your father is one of the best in the field.5. A) He is tired of his job.B) He is looking for a new job.C) He is satisfied with his job.D) He is about to be promoted.M: I can't believe I've been working here for five years already.W: Time flies when you enjoy what you do.6. A) She is going to the post office.B) She is going to the bank.C) She is going to the supermarket.D) She is going to the hospital.M: Where are you off to?W: I need to mail a package and then I'll head to the bank to deposit a check.7. A) He is a vegetarian.B) He is a vegan.C) He is an omnivore.D) He is a pescetarian.M: I don't eat any meat, but I do eat fish.W: So, you're a pescetarian?8. A) She is a fashion designer.B) She is a graphic designer.C) She is an interior designer.D) She is a product designer.M: Your designs are really creative. Do you work with fashion?W: No, I design graphics for advertising.Conversation One:M: I heard you're going to study abroad next semester. That's exciting!W: Yes, it is. I'm a bit nervous about the language barrier,though.Q9: What does the woman imply?A) She is worried about the cost.B) She is concerned about the language.C) She is excited about the opportunity.D) She is looking forward to traveling.Q10: What can we infer about the man?A) He is also planning to study abroad.B) He has studied abroad before.C) He is envious of the woman's opportunity.D) He is supportive of the woman's decision.Conversation Two:W: I can't believe how quickly this year has gone by. It seems like only yesterday we were starting our first term. M: I know. I'm already thinking about what I want to do after graduation.Q11: What does the woman mean?A) She is surprised by the quality of the term.B) She is amazed at how fast time has passed.C) She is looking forward to the next term.D) She is worried about her performance in the term.Q12: What can we infer about the man?A) He is considering graduate studies.B) He is planning to start his own business.C) He is thinking about his future career.D) He is unsure about his plans after graduation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage and then some questions related to the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have。

考研英语新题型最优模拟题考研英语阅读新题型11篇模拟题Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)一、［A］Physical Changes［B］Low Self-Esteem［C］Emerging Independence and Search for Identity［D］Emotional Turbulence［E］Interest in the Opposite Sex［F］Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 —and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41) __________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failure s, losers, ugly or unintelligent.(42) __________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite —loud and angry —in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43) __________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.(44) __________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45) __________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up —and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process.Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.二Have you ever considered what makes a good boss good? The answer to that question is admittedly mercurial, as one person’s view of a top-notch employer will differ from somebody else’s. However, there are a number of tr aits, attitudes and abilities that are common to all good bosses. Moreover, the need for solid leadership skills is especially telling with smaller businesses.“Being a good boss is important in any organization, but it’s particularly important for small business,”says Rob Sheehan, director of executive education at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership at the University of Maryland. “With smaller businesses, you really have the opportunity to set the tone for the entire company.”Bearing in mind the importance of good leadership to business, consider the following lineup of skills, strategies andattributes:41. Be inclusive.With a smaller operation, it’s essential that everyone feels like an equal and involved part of the team. A good employer is certain to treat each employee fairly, not only in terms of salary and other forms of compensation, but also in how that employee is involved in the daily function of the business. Encourage feedback, innovation and creativity so employees feel genuinely engaged.42. Mission, not just money.Very few businesses operate out of sheer altruism, but that’s not to say that turning a profit is the primary philosophical and practical focus. Rather, an effective boss establishes a genuine business mission. How that takes shape depends both on the business and on the overriding focus the boss wants to set.43. Nothing to fear but fear itself.Many of us have had bosses who would be right at home with a knife next to their desk calendars. Make one mistake on the job and feel free to slip your head right in beneath the blade. Conversely, an effective boss encourages his or her employees not to be gun shy about occasional chaos along the road toward better job performance.44. It’s their careers, too.Don’t forget that the people who work for you are looking to you to help them navigate and advance their careers. As I said, it’s not all about money. But it is all about making your employees see how to improve and create meaningful careers for themselves.45. Made, not necessarily born.One final aspect of being a good boss is recognizing that much of what goes into being an effective leader is, in fact, learned behavior. Of course, there always have been and will be bosses who seem to have a flawless touch in leading and motivating. But for every natural, there are just as many top-flight bosses who got that way by attending management classes and seminars, reading books on effective leadership and, just as important, understanding that a good employer naturally attracts first-rate employees.［A］“It’s important to use that different perspective to educate and encourage. But it’s also important, like a good coach, to lead your team by example. For instance, while you should point out mistakes by your employees, be sure to admit when you yourself make a mistake,” says Sheehan.［B］“You need to create an environment of integrity, trust and respect to make absolutely certain that everyone is treated fairly, regardless of the differences they may have,”says Sheehan.［C］“People ca n definitely develop good leadership capabilities,”says Sheehan. “T o a certain degree, we all have innate traits that make us good bosses. All you really have to do is work to develop those traits to their utmost.”［D］If an employee has a goal of becoming a manager or running his or her own business someday, nurture that goal. Tell them the traits they need to work on to achieve their ultimate plans.［E］For instance, a restaurant owner may push speedy lunchtime service as a way of serving thetime-strapped business community. By contrast, a medical supply outfit may emphasize how its products improve customers’ health. Not only can a clear mission（responsibility）serve to motivate employees, it can also infuse a sense of importance in their jobs.［F］“This req uires a mentality that encourages learning rather than being afraid of making a mistake. Try something new and different, but know we’re not going to kill each other if things don’t work out,”says Sheehan. “I was a swimmer in college and I swam fast when I imagined a shark was after me. I swam just as fast when I imagined I was in the Olympics. It’s a question of what you want to focus on.”三、As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.（41）__________He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology thatpresumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.（42）__________For example, an expression like “maiden dawn” for “sunrise” resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past.（43）__________Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science).The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influen ced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.（44）__________This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuriesshowed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core—whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.（45）__________[A] German-born British scholar Max Müller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India-the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of anIndo-European mythology. M ller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.[C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths—like dreams—condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottolob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fibula, meaning “fable”) to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.[F] German scholar Karl Otfried M ller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825).四［A］Many studies conclude that children with highly involved fathers, in relation to children with less involved fathers, tend to be more cognitively and socially competent, less inclined toward gender stereotyping, more empathic, and psychologically better adjusted. Commonly, these studies investigate both paternal warmth and paternal involvement and find-using simple correlations-that the two variables are related to each other and to youth outcomes.［B］Boys seemed to conform to the sex-role standards of their culture when their relationships with their fathers were warm, regardless of how “masculine”the fathers were, even though warmth and intimacy have traditionally been seen as feminine characteristics. A similar conclusion was suggested by research on otheraspects of psychosocial adjustment and on achievement: Paternal warmth or closeness appeared beneficial, whereas paternal masculinity appeared irrelevant.［C］The critical question is: How good is the evidence that fathers’ amount of involvement, without taking into account its content and quality, is consequential for children, mothers, or fathers themselves? The associations with desirable outcomes found in much research are actually with positive forms of paternal involvement, not involvement per se. Involvement needs to be combined with qualitative dimensions of paternal behavior through the concept of “positive paternal involvement” developed here.［D］Commonly, researchers assessed the masculinity offathers and of sons and then correlated the two sets of scores. Many behavioral scientists were surprised to discover that no consistent results emerged from this research until they examined the quality of the father-son relationship. Then they found that when the relationship between masculine fathers and their sons was warm and loving, the boys were indeed more masculine. Later, however, researchers found that the masculinity of fathers per se did not seem to make much difference after all. As summarized by:［E］The second domain in which a substantial amount of research has been done on the influence of variations in father love deals with father involvement, that is, with the amount of time that fathers spend with their children (engagement), the extent to which fathers make themselves available to their children (accessibility), and the extent to which they take responsibility for their children’s care and welfare (responsibility).［F］It is unclear from these studies whether involvement and warmth make independent or joint contributions to youth outcomes. Moreover, “caring for”children is not neces sarily the same thing as “caring about”them. Indeed, Lamb concluded from his review of studies of paternal involvement that it was not the simple fact of paternal engagement (i.e., direct interaction with the child), availability, or responsibility for child care that was associated with these outcomes. Rather, it appears that the quality of the father-child relationship made the greatest difference. J. H. Pleck reiterated this conclusion when he wrote: ［G］Research by Veneziano and Rohner supports these conclusions. In a biracial sample of 63 African American and European American children, the authors found from multipleregression analyses that father involveme nt by itself was associated with children’s psychological adjustment primarily insofar as it was perceived by youths to be an expression of paternal warmth (acceptance).［H］Many studies looking exclusively at the influence of variations in father love deal with two topics: (a) gender role development and (b) father involvement. Studies of gender role development emerged prominently in the 1940s and continued through the 1970s. This was a time when fathers were considered to be especially important as gender role models for sons.Order:H→41.( )→42. ( )→43. ( )→A→44. ( )→45. ( ) →G五Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (upright-walking, apelike early humans).41. ___________ The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago—dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens ofarchaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). 42. ___________Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domestication—the planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals—is evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacán Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. 43. ___________Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. 44. ___________ Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. 45. ___________［A］For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rivaltheir lavish sepulchres. Being ableto trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.［B］By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.［C］Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.［D］The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.［E］Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.［F］One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.［G］Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the AndesMountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.六Today, some 30% of small business owners don’t have a Web presence at all, while the vast majority whodo are watching their sites sit stale, waiting and wanting for business. Where did things go wrong? There are common principles followed by those whose dreams of online success have become reality.41. Build your site around your customer:Thinking of your site as your online storefront, built around delivering the highest-quality customer experience from the moment your customer st eps through the “door”.42. Just because you built it doesn’t mean they’ll come:If you aren’t seeing a large volume of targeted traffic to your site, it’s time to up the ante.43. Integrate customer loyalty programs and promotions:containing discounts, news, or friendly service reminders. Use discount promotional offers to stay in touch with past visitors to your site.44. Justify your monthly spending through product bundling:While pay-per-click Internet advertising is much more cost-effective than traditional media channels, bundling products together will not only increase your sales revenue, but also enable you to get more out of your per-click ad rates.45. Measure your progress:Your site may be live, but how is it performing?Armed with these simple lessons, vow to make your business realize the true promise of the Internet.［A］A manufacturing company selling $50 items washaving trouble justifying the cost of online keyword ads. By bundling products to create packages of $100 or more and advertising to wholesale customers looking to buy in bulk, the manufacturer dropped its sales representative agencies and focused on large-volume buyers, such as Wal-Mart and Target. Needless to say, the company had no trouble exceeding its yearly sales quota.［B］One of my past clients had a well-designed physical storefront, solid prices, and quality offerings. However, he wasn’t able to drive enough store traffic despite targeted advertising efforts in print publications and other offline venues. We decided to shift those ad dollars to an online pay-per-click campaign—in which the advertiser pays whenever someone clicks on its entry posted during the course of a site search based on keywords relevant to his business. The immediate impact was staggering. Online revenue soared tenfold to $1 million from $100,000 within only a few months.［C］With today’s technology, your return can be easily measured. If you rely on your Web site as a sales tool, you can’t afford not to invest in site analytics. Make sure your Web solution includes an easy-to-use reporting tool that presents this information in a clear, concise format. After all, while metrics are a critical part of the Web equation, you don’t have the time to spend hours digging through reams of data.［D］Years ago, I worked with a woman who sold purses online through a home-built site that lacked critical e-commerce components. After a simple redesign including product descriptions, comprehensive navigation, and a secure, user-friendly ordering system, her revenue increased fivefold. And she began receiving rave reviews from customers impressed with theease and convenience of the online shopping experience.［E］Online success demands more than simple presence. Your Internet investment should pay for itself with new customers and increased sales. Find a trusted partner who can help you navigate today’s (and tomorrow’s) technology and who understands the bottom-line realities of your business.［F］One villa rental company had a Web site that generated very few calls and online bookings. I helped the company set up a “last minute deals”distribution list. By subscribing, site visitors would receive weeklye-mails offering 11th-hour discounts on villa rentals. As a result, the company captured contact information for thousands of possible customers, reduced its unused inventory to almost zero, and increased revenue significantly.答案41.D 42.B 43.F 44.A 45.C七［A］You may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what you’ve made in the past. They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the who, what and when, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say.［B］Besides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of thequestions they ask, what they most really want to know is how well you’ll fit into the team, if you’ll cause them mo re work instead of less, and i f they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be aback-stabbing ladder climber!［C］Always research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens!［D］Job interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you.［E］Be prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fou rth. If you’re called back for more interviews, it means that they’re interested in you. But, it doesn’t mean you’re ashoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work!［F］T o put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really don’t know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in intervie wing techniques. They’re a little nervous too, just like you. Some don’t even prepare in advanc e.This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, it’s not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job.［G］After interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. It’s professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor.［H］Remember, it’s a two-way street. It’s the employer’s chance to judge you, but it’s also very much your chance to judge the employer. In fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, you’ll put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, you’re probably doing well.Order:41.( )→42. ( ) →43. ( ) →A→44. ( ) →45. ( ) →46. ( ) →G八［A］Analyzing your own taste［B］Being cautious when experimenting［C］Finding a model to follow［D］Getting the final look absolutely right［E］Learning to be realistic［F］Making regular conscious choicesWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it’s something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it’s what’s inside that’s important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals。

6选5段落标题选择题Passage 1[A]Becoming a naturalist[B]Seeing wonder in the ordinary[C]A changing role[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments[E]What does a park naturalist do?[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist a t PeninsulaState Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about tre es or flowers, andsometimes visiting schools.And, of course, I make sure Peni nsula‘s feathered friends are wellfed.41. _____________As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social w orker, at leasta mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job.Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. N ow that I am an experienced naturalist,I have the freedom to plan my own da y and make decisions about the types of programs thatwe offer at Peninsula.42. _____________In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trip s and visitingclassrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programslike bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasinglyinvolved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the personwho knows where ra re orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made aboutcutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the―ecological perspective.‖43. _____________Perhaps the grossest thing I‘ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Vi sitors likeseeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! O nce, our nature centerneeded more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, racco on and fox skulls but I had to cleanthem. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools andold toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution.I‘ve had som e embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula‘s new naturalist, Iwas so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! That‘s quite a mistakesince the trees are so easy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pineneedles are in bundles of two.44. _____________Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend theseasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain commo n interests andresponsibilities: A park naturalist might notice that branches of a red maple growing in a fieldreach out to the side while those of a red mapl e in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why thetrees look different. A natural ist makes things happen. It might be working with workers toclean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of themco mmunicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants an d animals,from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don‘t work in places of rarebeauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show ―wear and tear.‖ If you can wonderabout an inchworm, a juniper bush, or a r obin and cause others to wonder, too, then you areready to become a park na turalist.45. _____________If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following: Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land whe re youlive-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well.Start a field sketch book.Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason i s not topractice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, ra ther, to practiceobservation skills.Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic rout es that leadto the naturalist‘s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth anddevelopment to be among my most helpful courses. Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane b ut is only thebeginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have alre ady traveled the road for ideas,knowledge and inspiration.Passage 2A. The consequence of losing bonesB. A better lab than on earthC. Two different casesD. Multiple effects form weightlessnessE. How to overcome weightlessnessF. Factors that are not so sureDuring weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because thespine is no longer compressed, people grow taller. The lungs, hea rt and other organs withinthe chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib ca ge and chest relax and expand. Similarly,the weights of the liver, kidneys, sto mach and bowels disappear. One astronaut said after hisflight:―You feel your guts floating up. I found myself tightening my belly, sort of pus hingthings back。

第二章新题型模拟试题七（六）选五Passage 1English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries．41)__________.42)__________. Nonetheless, a world full of different languages will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education, trade and even politics continues．43)__________ .The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 percent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries Can manage to learn the language of instruction(English)as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable．44__________.All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains Can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start．45__________.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one’s native language first, then goabroad to have a university education in a foreign language．A) If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools．B) Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start wilt tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants．C) Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English．D) But many people are conc erned that English’s dominance will destroy native languages．E)These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders’ speeches because they are made in a foreign language．F) Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need．G) A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.Passage 2In 1959 the average American family paid$989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the fa mily paid$1，3 1 1．That was a price increase of nearly one—third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share ofthe$1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959．But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold．41)_________.Of the $1,311 family food bill inl972，middlement received$790，which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959．It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 percent．42) _________.43) __________ .Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TVdinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money．44) _________.Economists remind US that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly．45) _________.It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs．A) Thus, as economists point out: “Some of the basic reasons for widening food pric e spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant．”B) They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?C) “If the housewife wants all of these. “the economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier．”D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been preparedbefore it reaches the market.E) However, some economists believe that controls Can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maxi—mum rent that a landlord (房主) can charge for an apartment．F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices．Passage 3Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers．41)_______.They distribute materials to agencies such as journals, brochures and advertising projects．42) _____.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling．43) _______.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement 44) ________.45) _____Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A) The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight—seeing services．B) They offer familiarization and workshop tours SO that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours．C) Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are expels in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns．D) As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries．E) Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clientsF) In This way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases．G) Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel．Passage 4Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic—resistant “superbugs”．The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry．41)_____.Some 20，000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year More than half are given to farm—animals to prevent disease and promote growth 42) ______.。

考研英语一新题型密押模拟题（一）新题型一、七选五或填空式阅读Passage1English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries.41)__________.42) __________.Nonetheless, a world full of different language will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education, trade and even politics continues.43) __________ .The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable.44) __________ .All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start.45) __________.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one’s native language first, then go abroad to have a university in a foreign language.A) If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools.B) Those who are taught in a foreign language form the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.C) Suppose you work in a big firm and find and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking a place where you can improve your English,especially your spoken English.D) But many people are concerned that English’s dominance will destroy native languages.E) These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leader’s speeches because they are made in a foreign language.F) Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.G) A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.Passage 2In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one –third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is reallyresponsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) __________.Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very law. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ .43) __________ .Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut intopieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the over and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) __________.Economists remind us many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. 45) __________ .It appears that the answer to the question for rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.A) Thus, as economists point out:” Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”B) They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?C) “If the housewife wants all of these.” The economists say, “that isher privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the those who make her work easier.”D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.E) However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.Passage3Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuableto all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.41) __________.They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects.42) __________ .Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 43) __________ .Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44) __________ .45) __________.Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A) The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B) They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C) Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns.D) As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E) Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and , conversely, hotels rely uponagencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F) In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel- Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.G) Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel.Passage 4Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs “ .The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry.41) __________ .Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 42) __________.Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of theSwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 43) __________ .With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of cops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 44) __________ .Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 45) __________ .This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional treatment.A) They don’t easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.B) And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C) Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D) But recent research has found a direct link between the increaseduse of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E) His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F) They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G) There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.Passage 5The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won’t stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it’s soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that is has been “advertised” and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. 41) __________ .They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called “ the spirit of America .” 42)_________ .The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why its spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries.43)__________ . Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere .Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 44) __________ .The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock “n” ro ll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often on Americaas well, as being “low-class,” and then as “a danger to our nation’s youth.” 45)__________ . And then the music became a ccepted and was extended and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.。

考研英语新题型练习题# 考研英语新题型练习题## 阅读理解（新题型）### 练习一：信息匹配题文章文章摘要：Technology has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. This article explores the various ways in which technology has been integrated into the educational system, from online learning platforms to virtual classrooms, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of this integration.问题：1. 什么是教育技术？2. 在线学习平台如何影响教育？3. 虚拟课堂有哪些优势？4. 技术在教育中的潜在缺点是什么？选项：A. 教育技术指的是在教育过程中使用的各种工具和系统。

B. 在线学习平台允许学生随时随地访问课程材料。

C. 虚拟课堂可以节省时间和资源，提高效率。

D. 过度依赖技术可能导致学生缺乏面对面交流的机会。

### 练习二：段落主旨题文章标题： The Role of Social Media in Modern Society文章段落：1. The rise of social media has connected people across the globe.2. Social media platforms have become a significant source of news and information.3. However, the spread of misinformation on social media is a growing concern.4. Social media has also been linked to mental health issues among users.问题：1. 第一段的主旨是什么？2. 第二段讨论了什么？3. 第三段提出了什么问题？4. 第四段关注的焦点是什么？选项：A. 社交网络的全球连接作用B. 社交网络作为新闻和信息的来源C. 社交网络上错误信息的传播问题D. 社交网络使用与用户心理健康的关联## 完形填空（新题型）文章标题： The Benefits of Regular Exercise文章节选：Regular exercise has numerous benefits for both the body andthe mind. It can 1 physical strength and 2 mental agility. Moreover, it is known to 3 the risk of chronic diseases suchas heart disease and diabetes. It also 4 a positive impact on mood and can help 5 stress.选项：1. A. reduce B. improve C. maintain2. A. enhance B. diminish C. fluctuate3. A. increase B. decrease C. stabilize4. A. exert B. invoke C. mitigate5. A. alleviate B. induce C. exacerbate## 翻译（新题型）文章标题： The Importance of Cultural Exchange文章节选：Cultural exchange is a vital part of international relations. It 1 our understanding of different cultures and fosters mutual respect among nations. Through cultural exchange, we can 2 the beauty of diversity and 3 the barriers that divide us.中文翻译：文化交流是国际关系的重要组成部分。

考研英语新题型模拟试题及答案English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries.41)__________.42) __________.Nonetheless, a world full of different language will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education, trade and even politics continues.43) __________ .The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable.44) __________ .All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop betterself-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start.45) __________.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one’s native language first, then go abroad to have a university in a foreign language.A) If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools.B) Those who are taught in a foreign language form the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.C) Suppose you work in a big firm and find and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English.D) But many people are concerned that English’s dominance will destroy native languages.E) These leaders speak and write English much better than theirnational languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leader’s speeches because they are made in a foreign language.F) Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.G) A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.Passage 2In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one –third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by thefamily in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) __________.Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very law. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ .43) __________ .Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into theover and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) __________.Economists remind us many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. 45) __________ .It appears that the answer to the question for rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.A) Thus, as economists point out:” Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”B) They are a mong the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?C) “If the housewife wants all of these.” The economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the those who make her work easier.”D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? Theeconomists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.E) However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.Passage3Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.41) __________.They distribute materials to agencies, such asjournals, brochures and advertising projects.42) __________ .Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 43) __________ .Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44) __________ .45) __________.Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A) The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B) They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C) Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns.D) As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E) Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and , conversely, hotels rely uponagencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F) In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel- Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.G) Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel.Passage 4Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs “ .The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry.41) __________ .Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 42) __________.Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 43) __________ .With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of cops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely routefor spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 44) __________ .Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 45) __________ .This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional treatment.A) They don’t easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.B) And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C) Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D) But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E) His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters inanimal feed.F) They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G) There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.Passage 5The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won’t stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it’s soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that is has been “advertised” and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. 41) __________ .They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called “ the spirit of America .” 42)_________ .The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why its spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries.43)__________ . Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere .Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 44) __________ .The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock “n” roll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often on America as well, as being “low-class,” and then as “a danger to our nation’s youth.” 45)__________ . And then the music became accepted and was extended and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.A) As a result, its American origins and roots are often quicklyforgotten. “happy birthday to you,” for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered.B) But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television, programs are so popular in themselves.C) American in origin, informal clothing has become the world’s first truly universal style.D) The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E) American food has become popular around the world too.F) This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful.G) It is hardly surprising that the public concern contributes a lot to the spread of their culture.Passage 6Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as “Person of the Century by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.“The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, buttechnological-technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science,” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a time essay explaining Einstein’s significance. 41) __________ .Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.“What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom’s fight against totalitarianism , Gandhi personifying the great theme of individual struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom,” said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaa cson.Einstein was born in Ulm , Germany in 1879. 42) __________ .He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. 43) __________ . Everything else----mass, weight, space, even time itself ----is a variable. And he offered the world his now –famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared ---E=mc244) __________ .45) __________ . Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein diedin Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.A) “Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time’s choices.” There was les s faith in absolutes, not of time and space but also of truth and morality.” Einstein’s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did.B) How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public’s view about Albert Einstein.C) “Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.”D) Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project” that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.E) In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.Applicants prefer rankings, but the school for them most part do not. European schools, in particular, argue that rankings are misleading as they may use a narrow range of often-inappropriate measures which fail to reveal the true competence of unique programs. Several schools havecontested and boycotted league tables. Nevertheless, the number of business schools which participate in rankings is actually growing, in part because rankings tell potential customers what they need to know. Since business schools must market to applicants as if they were consumers, most take rankings seriously.___________________________________45______________________ ______________A ranking is just one factor that underpins the success of schools and MBA programs. The programs must not only rank highly, they must also be known. Schools want their programs---and graduates want their degrees ---to receive instant recognition and respect. Until recently, prominence has been largely overlooked in the assessment of MBA programs, but the Internet now provides another channel of communication and reputation for schools and their market.The MBA is the principal product in the most market-oriented sector of higher education. Given the globalization of business, increased communication, and the ability to deliver content to individuals wherever they are, the complexity and competitiveness of this pioneering educational marketplace can only increase.Passage 6Directions：You are going to read a list of headings and a about U.S.firms participating global competition. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)A) Entering international marketsB) Satisfying global customersC) Lowering prices by manufacturing overseasD) Facing threats of global marketsE) Recognizing the constraints of global marketsF) Being better than competitionG) Coordinating marketing activitiesWe live in an increasingly interdependent world, and perhaps someday we will live in a “world without borders”, to borrow from the title of a provocative book of 1970s. Globalization is of great significance to both poor and rich nations, since competition now spans beyond borders._____________________________41____________________________ ______________“The world is too much with us,” said Wordsworth. That could be the main complaint of many U.S. businesses that see themselves threatenedby increases in imported goods. Imports were only 1 percent of the U.S. gross national products (GNP) in 1954; they were 6 percent of GNP in 1964 and 10 percent in 1984. The interdependence suggested by such terms as global village and world economy is being recognized by business managers. Therefore, many more U.S. firms, whether they like it or not, will be forced to become part of world markets and global competition. Meanwhile, other nations such as Japan and Germany have had open economies for some time. Their firms are more accustomed to selling in international markets. Hence, U.S. firms have some catching up to do to compete effectively and gain market share in world markets.______________________________42___________________________ __________To compete in world markets, firms must have an in depth understanding of customers’needs. If customers needs differ dramatically across countries and regions, a company must consider how to adapt its products and various elements of the marketing mix to customer needs. If prices must be lowered, the company needs to consider how to design a product to lower manufacturing costs and decide whether to manufacture the product at home or overseas to achieve lower cost. A well-articulated distribution and logistics system is needed to make goods and services available at the point of sale insufficient quantities. Firms also need to develop global customer database and information systems to understand and respond to customer needs and purchasing________________________________43_________________________ ______________Firms must contend with both domestic and global competition. Global competitors could include large multinational and state-owned enterprises that might be market share oriented rather than profit oriented as well as small local firms with other goals. Long-term success comes in part from monitoring, assessing and responding to actions by all sorts of competitors, especially through understanding the competitive and comparative advantages enjoyed by competitors, and finally ensuring success by offering more value, developing superior brand image and product positioning, broader product range, lower prices, higher quality and superior distribution services to more effectively meet customers’need._________________________________44________________________ ________________International marketing creates a new level of complexity. In order to face this challenge, firms must consider staffing and allocatingresponsibilities across marketing units in different countries, and deciding which decision to decentralize or to control from headquarters, whether to develop standardized campaigns and plans, and how much local responsiveness is appropriate._________________________________45________________________ ______________As firms attempt to market in the international arena, they not only face challenges from different competitors, but need to cope with cultural and economic differences that exist in the marketing infrastructure, such as the financial regulations imposed b local governments, and the impact of government policies, especially protectionist and other policies that may unfairly benefit competitors and create difficulty in market entry. To level the playing field, a firm may decide to begin manufacturing overseas to lower its costs and match the lower prices of strong international competition. Very often, a firm may not find it feasible to go alone into foreign markets. In this case, its international marketing endeavor becomes more complex as it joins with a local partner that has specialized knowledge of a specific market and its customers. Some firms find that local partners can force them to change the way they do business.A local partner may insist that the firm accept payment in kind: orange juice or wine in return for machinery, which means a firm has to peddleorange juice or wine around the world.Although the global market is attractive, U.S. firms have been slow to take advantage of it. The United States has always been one of the world’s largest markets. However, ignoring foreign markets and foreign competition has two dangers for U.S. companies: losing market share at home and not profiting from higher growth in markets overseas.参考答案一、七选五Passage 1 DGAEBPassage 2 BGDACPassage 3 CBFEAPassage 4 EDBFAPassage 5 BFACDPassage 6 CEFADPassage 7 FCEGAPassage 8 DCAFB二、排序题Passage 1 EBCGFPassage 2 FCAGBPassage 3 AGEBDPassage 4 EFBCGPassage 5 BFGADPassage 6 DFEGC Passage 7 EFBCD Passage 8 BFDGA 三、标题匹配题Passage 1 ECDFA Passage 2 CAFBD Passage 3 BFADC Passage 4 DCGBE Passage 5 DFBCG Passage 6 ABFGE。

模拟试卷[13]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points>b5E2RGbCAPMany foreign students come to study in the U.S.,some_____ by Fulbright scholarships, others by the U.S.government's Agency for International Development,bythe Ford Foundation,and so on.A．to be supportedB．being supportedC．are supportedD．having been supportedp1EanqFDPwAdvertising can be a service to the customer.This istrue when advertisements give liable information aboutthe goods _____ .A．advertisedB．being advertisedC．to be advertisedD．having been advertisedDXDiTa9E3dThere was clearly nothing left to do but sit down on the shabby little couch and weep. _____ .A．Did so DellaB．So did DellaC．Della so didD．So Della didRTCrpUDGiTHe said it was impossible for _____ a mistake in a computer's calculation,so you can rely on that. A．there beingB．there would beC．there to beD．there was5PCzVD7HxAOf course they could not look at the elephant with their eyes,but they thought they might learn what kind of animal it was by touching and feeling. _____ ,you see,they trusted their own sense of touch very much.A．MoreoverB．ForC．NeverthelessD．BecausejLBHrnAILgA man of less courage _____ to stand up to such a complicated situation.A．would not have daredB．could not have daredC．will not dareD．did not darexHAQX74J0X_____ otherwise directed by a doctor,this medicine should be taken three times a day.A．Even ifB．UnlessC．Except thatD．AsLDAYtRyKfEMore importance needs to be given to sports,and a careful choice of _____ forms are most suitable should be made。

考研英语考试模拟试题一、阅读理解Passage 1The economic downturn in the Western world has cast a shadow over developing nations, whose economic health is closely tied to that of the rich countries. A sharp decline in Western demand for goods and services has had already caused a significant drop in export earnings for developing nations. Despite this, many such countries are better prepared to face such a crisis than they would have been a few years ago.One reason why many developing nations are in a better position today is that they have taken advantage of the past few years of relatively strong economic growth to build up substantial financial reserves. As a result, they can now cushion the impact of falling export revenues on government spending programs.Moreover, developing nations have benefited from the drop in global oil prices in the past few months. The sharp decline in oil prices has brought welcome relief to countries that must import crude oil and gas, thus helping to stabilize their finances.Overall, while developing nations are not immune from global economic turmoil, many have made strides in recent years that have enhanced their ability to weather a crisis.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The causes of the economic downturn in the Western world.B. The impact of the economic downturn on developing nations.C. The reasons why developing nations are in a better position to face the crisis.D. The role of financial reserves in stabilizing the economies of developing nations.2. According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the ability of developing nations to face the economic downturn?A. A sharp increase in Western demand for goods and services.B. Substantial financial reserves built up during years of strong economic growth.C. A rise in global oil prices in the past few months.D. A decline in government spending programs.3. The word "cushion" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. softenB. worsenC. changeD. ignorePassage 2The rise of social media has transformed the way people communicate with each other, with profound implications for society. One aspect of this transformation is the rapid dissemination of information and ideas acrosslarge numbers of people in a matter of minutes, if not seconds. This has created new opportunities for individuals and groups to connect and share their thoughts on a global scale.At the same time, the spread of misinformation and fake news on social media platforms has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of the information that people consume. The ability of false information to go viral and influence public opinion has led to calls for greater regulation of social media companies.Additionally, the use of social media has changed the nature of public discourse, with debates and conversations often becoming more polarized and intense. The anonymity and distance provided by online platforms can lead to higher levels of aggression and hostility among users.Despite these challenges, social media remains a powerful tool for activism and social change. Movements like #BlackLivesMatter have gained momentum and support through social media campaigns, highlighting the potential for positive impact on society.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of social media for communication and activism.B. The challenges of misinformation and polarization on social media.C. The rise of social media as a global platform for sharing information.D. The transformation of public discourse through the use of social media.5. According to the passage, what has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of information on social media?A. The rapid dissemination of information.B. The polarized nature of public discourse.C. The spread of misinformation and fake news.D. The anonymity and distance of online platforms.6. The word "dissemination" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. suppressionB. spreadingC. collectingD. hiding二、翻译与写作Translate the following sentences into English:1. 我们必须认识到环境问题的紧迫性，并采取行动来保护我们的地球。

考研英语模拟试卷（附答案及详解）一、完形填空directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.In recent years, the concept of "worklife balance" has gained increasing attention. Many people are trying hard to achieve a balance between their work and personal life. However, it is not an easy task for everyone. The following passage discusses some tips on how to (1) __________ this balance.First and foremost, it is important to set clearpriorities. You need to know what is (2) __________ to youand allocate your time accordingly. If your family is yourtop priority, then you should be willing to (3) __________your work schedule to spend more time with them.Secondly, learn to say no. In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to be overwhelmed various tasks and responsibilities. However, you should not (4) __________ to take on more work than you can handle. By saying no, you are actually (5)__________ your time and energy for more important things.Lastly, don't forget to take care of yourself. Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep are essential for (8) __________ your work performance and personal wellbeing.By following these tips, you will be better equipped to (9) __________ the challenges of maintaining a worklife balance. Remember, it is a continuous process, and you need to (10) __________ and adjust your strategies accordingly.二、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The importance of reading cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental skill that can enhance our knowledge, expand our horizons, and even improve our mental health. The following passage discusses the benefits of reading and how to incorporate it into our daily lives.Passage 2三、翻译Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1. 随着互联网的普及，信息传播速度越来越快。

第七部分新题型大纲样题及模拟试题第一章新题型大纲样题一、七（六）选五Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) ________ Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.42) ________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.43) ________ There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.44) ________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45) ________.About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.[B]Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells havebeen preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 millionyears ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived inthe swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spreadover large areas of the world.[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived inthe sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.[F]When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams intolakes or the sea arid there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism maybe replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.二、排序题Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and Ihave absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it. [B] "Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of theirpaperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperiencedmen, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents, and other emergencies.[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as aperformance criterion. However, we know that's not fair —too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, andbecause they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack ofattention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F] "So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And Ihope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars foradministrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation — how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:三、信息匹配题Directions:You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.(10 points)The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional" resume —descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.It's handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested" tombstone "lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read — a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.41.Put yourself first:In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.42.Sell what you can do, not who you are:Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.Toot your own horn!Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch — if only you show it.43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!Remember that "brevity is the best policy."44.Turn bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.45.Never apologize:If you've returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don't apologize for working at being a mother; it's the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education.The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don't worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you've ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you've satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.Isn't that the kind of person you'd want working for your?[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher's aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:"Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available."[B] One resume I received included the following: "Invited by my superior to straighten out ourorganization's accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward — all in 34 words.[C] For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have moneymanagement skills.[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to thestatement "Ready to learn though not so well educated".[E] One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order tofind out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She'd agreed towork without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn't in her resume. She answered, "It wasn't important." What she was really saying of course was "I'm not important."四、小标题题Passage 1Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)[A] What to do as a student?[B] Various definitions of plagiarism[C] Ideas should always be sourced[D] Ignorance can be forgiven[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft[F] The consequences of plagiarismScholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is "the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another."The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly.They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He mayalso have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography — are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although 'there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them," the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.Passage 2Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about how to select a fund． Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41-45)． The first and last paragraph of the text are not numbered．There is one extra heading which you do not need to use． Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)．A) Watching related expenses and making wise choice．B) Paying attention to detailsC) Weighing your financial goals and expectations firstD) Maintaining realistic expectationsE) Narrowing the SearchF) Not too specialEating better. Exercising. Investing. There are a lot of things you know should he doing. There problem is that getting started always seems to be the hardest pat. For many investors, mutual funds are a good way to go, but trying to sort through the number of available choices——now more than 1 0,000——makes this important task appear overwhelming Let’s look at some ways to cut that number down to a reasonable size, as well as other factors to consider when selecting your first fund．41.Before you begin examining potential investments, it’s important to take some time to access your own goals and risk tolerance. If you start with a clear objective in mind, as well as an understanding as to how you might react if your investment loses money, you’11 be less likely to purchase a fund that doesn’t fit your needs .And that’s what often leads it disappointment It is important to look for funds that are appropriate—ate for both your goals and your investment temperament．42.One way to begin your search for a good fund is to use the Momingstar stat rating. The rating is a useful tool for narrowing the field to funds that have done a good job of balancing return and risk in the past. To assign rating, Morningstar uses a formula that compares a fund’s risk—adjusted historical performance with that of other funds within four rating groups——domestic stock funds, international stock funds, taxable bond funds, and municipal bond funds．43.Funds that invest solely in a single market sectors, called specialty funds, often have impressive returns and may be great additions to a diversified portfolio. However, the success of such funds depends largely on the fortunes of a particular market sector. Hence, specialty funds probably aren’t the best way to start. For your first fund, look for a diversified stock fund that has exposure to different types of stocks．44.There’s no free lunch in fund investing：1n addition to the sales fees that some fund companies charge, fund investors must also pay management fees and trading cost. Unfortunately, you don’t necessarily get what you pay for—no one has ever shown that more expensive funds provide greater returns. Look for funds with reasonable costs. The expense ratio, which expresses annual costs as a percentage amount, is probably the best number to use when comparing mutual fund costs．45.Whatever the market does, try to take it in stride. You’re in for the long haul, so don’t worry about the market’s day—to—day gyrations. Relax and resist the temptation to monitor your first investment daily. Check in on your mutual funds once a month, and give your portfolio a thorough exam every 6 to 12 months. And consider adding to your fund each month. An automatic investment plan makes it a relatively painless process. Finally, remember that the ultimate measure of your Success as an investor depends not on your owning the best—performing mutual fund. Only one fund will be the top performer over the next decade, and there’s no way to predict which one it will be. Meeting your own financial goals should ultimately be the yardstick by which you measure your investment success．。

考研英语真题模拟试卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a short pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a rest.B) Go to the doctor.C) Stay at home.D) Work harder.2. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her job.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She lost her keys.[...]8. What does the man mean by saying "It's a small world"?A) He's surprised by the coincidence.B) He thinks the world is getting smaller.C) He's interested in geography.D) He's suggesting they travel.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) A book signing event.B) A new novel.C) A writing competition.D) A literary festival.10. What does the woman think about the author?A) She admires her greatly.B) She finds her arrogant.C) She doesn't like her writing style.D) She thinks she's overrated.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.12. Why did the man decide to quit his job?A) He was offered a better position.B) He wanted to start his own business.C) He was unhappy with his boss.D) He wanted to travel the world.[...]二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1[文章内容略]Questions 16 to 18 are based on Passage 1.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in a healthy lifestyle.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for poor sleep quality?A) Stress from work.B) An irregular sleep schedule.C) Consuming too much caffeine.D) A comfortable sleeping environment.Passage 2[文章内容略]Questions 19 to 21 are based on Passage 2.19. What does the author's experience suggest about the job market?A) It is highly competitive.B) It requires a specific set of skills.C) It is dominated by large corporations.D) It offers many opportunities for advancement.Passage 3[文章内容略]Questions 22 to 25 are based on Passage 3.22. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a new technology.B) To inform readers about a breakthrough in science.C) To critique the current state of environmental policy.D) To analyze the economic impact of climate change. [...]三、完形填空部分（共20分）[文章内容略]26. A) Despite B) Because C) Although D) Since27. A) predicted B) suggested C) proposed D) recommended28. A) benefits B) drawbacks C) consequences D) advantages29. A) However B) Therefore C) Nevertheless D) Thus30. A) contribute to B) result in C) lead to D) give rise to [...]四、翻译部分（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。

2021考研英语一新题型密押模拟题（一）新题型一、七选五或填空式阅读Passage1English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of theircountries.41)__________.42) __________.Nonetheless, a world full of different language will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national orofficial languages in education, trade and even politics continues.43) __________ .The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in thesecountries can manage to learn the language of instruction as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable.44) __________ .All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught intheir own language from the start will develop better self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start.45)__________.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one’s native language first, then go abroad to have a university in a foreign language.A) If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools.B) Those who are taught in a foreign language form the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.C) Suppose you work in a big firm and find and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English.D) But many people are concerned that English’s dominance will destroy native languages.E) These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability aswell. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leader’s speeches because they are made in a foreign language.F) Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.G) A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.Passage 2In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one –third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agreesthat the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. Butthere is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) __________.Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very law.According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ .43) __________ .Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it.A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the over and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) __________.Economists remind us many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. 45) __________ .It appears that the answer to the question for rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp risein food costs.A) Thus, as economists point out:” Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”B) They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?C) “If the housewife wants all of these.” The economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the those who make her work easier.”D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will notlike it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.E) However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profitedsurprisingly little from the rise in food prices.Passage3Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association carriers and properties are allworking together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.41) __________.They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects.42)__________ .Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 43)__________ .Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44) __________ .45) __________.Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A) The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B) They offer familiarization and workshop tours sothat in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C) Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns.D) As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E) Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels,and , conversely, hotels rely uponagencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F) In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel- Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.G) Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel.Passage 4Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs “ .The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry.41)__________ .Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 42)__________.Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss FederalInstitute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 43) __________ .With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of cops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 44) __________ .Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 45) __________ .This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional treatment.A) They don’t easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.B) And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C) Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D) But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E) His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F) They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G) There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.Passage 5The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won’t stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it’s soon athome elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that is has been “advertised” and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. 41) __________ .They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called “ the spirit of America .”42)_________ .The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the worldlike it.Regardless of why its spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 43)__________ . Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere .Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 44) __________ .The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock “n” roll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often on America as well, as being “low-class,” and then as “a danger to our nation’s youth.” 45)__________ . And then the music became accepted and was extended and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.2021考研英语一新题型密押模拟题（二）F) In his “Special Theory of Relativity,”Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light..G) It is said that Einstein’s success lies in the fact that few people can understand his theories.Passage 7Twenty years ago a debate erupted about whether there were specific “Asian values”. Most attention focused on dubious claims by autocrats that democracy was not among them. But a more intriguing, if less noticed, argument was that traditional family values were stronger in Asia thanin America and Europe, and that this partly accounted for Asia’s economic success. (1)_________On the face of it his claim appears persuasive still.In most of Asia, marriage is widespread and illegitimacy almost unknown. In contrast, half of marriages in someWestern countries end in divorce, and half of all children are born outside wedlock. The recent riots across Britain, whose origins many believe lie in an absence of either parental guidance or filial respect, seem to underline a profound difference between East and West.Yet marriage is changing fast in East, South-East and South Asia, even though each region has different traditions. The changes are different from those that took place in the West in the second half of the 20th century. Divorce, though rising in some countries, remains comparatively rare. What’s happening in Asia is a flight from marriage.Marriage rates are falling partly because people are postponing getting hitched. Marriage ages have risen all over the world, but the increase is particularly marked in Asia.(2)_________A lot of Asians are not marrying later. They are not marrying at all. Almost a third of Japanese women in their early 30s are unmarried; probably half of those will always be. (3) ____________So far, the trend has not affected Asia’s two giants, China and India.Women are retreating from marriage as they go into the workplace. That’s partly because, for a woman, being both employed and married is tough in Asia. Women there are the primary caregivers for husbands, children and, often, for ageing parents; and even when in full-time employment, they are expected to continue to play this role. This is true elsewhere in the world, but the burden that Asian women carry is particularly heavy. (4)_______________ Not surprisingly, Asian women have an unusually pessimistic view of marriage. According to a survey carried out this year, many fewer Japanese women felt positive about their marriage than did Japanese men, or American women or men.At the same time as employment makes marriage tougher for women, it offers them an alternative. More women are financially independent, so more of them can pursue a single life that may appeal more than the drudgery of a traditional marriage. More education has also contributed to the decline of marriage, because Asian women with the most education have always been the most reluctant to wed—and there are now many more highly educated women.The flight from marriage in Asia is thus the result of the greater freedom that women enjoy these days, which is to be celebrated. But it is also creating social problems. Compared with the West, Asian countries have invested less in pensions and other forms of social protection, on the assumption that the family will look after ageing or ill relatives. That can no longer be taken for granted. The decline of marriage is also contributing to the collapse in the birth rate. (5)________________And there are other, less obvious issues. Marriage socialises men: it is associated with lower levels of testosterone and less criminal behaviour. Less marriage might mean more crime.Can marriage be revived in Asia? Maybe, if expectations of those roles of both sexes change; but shiftingtraditional attitudes is hard. Governments cannot legislate away popular prejudices. They can, though, encourage change. Relaxing divorce laws might, paradoxically, boost marriage. Women who now steer clear of wedlock might be more willing to tie the knot if they know it can be untied—not just because they can get out of the marriageif it doesn’t work, but also because their freedom to leave might keep their husbands on their toes. Family lawshould give divorced women a more generous share of the couple’s assets.[A] Fertility in East Asia has fallen from 5.3 children per woman in the late 1960s to 1.6 now. In countries with the lowest marriage rates, the fertility rate is nearer1.0. That is beginning to cause huge demographic problems, as populations age with startling speed.[B]Asian governments have long taken the view that the superiority of their family life was one of their big advantages over the West. That confidence is no longer warranted. They need to wake up to the huge social changes happening in their countries and think about how to cope with the consequences.[C]People there now marry even later than they do in the West. The mean age of marriage in the richest places—Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong—has risen sharply in the past few decades, to reach 29-30 for women and 31-33 for men.[D]Family law should give divorced women a more generous share of the couple’s assets. Governments shouldalso legislate to get employers to offer both maternal and paternal leave, and provide or subsidise child care. If taking on such expenses helped promote family life, it might reduce the burden on the state of looking after the old.[E]Over one-fifth of Taiwanese women in their late 30s are single; most will never marry. In some places, rates of non-marriage are especially striking: in Bangkok, 20% of40-44-year old women are not married; in Tokyo, 21%; among university graduates of that age in Singapore, 27%.[F]In the words of Lee Kuan Yew, former prime minister of Singapore and a keen advocate of Asian values, the Chinese family encouraged “scholarship and hard work and thrift and deferment of present enjoyment for future gain”.[G]Japanese women, who typically work 40 hours a week in the office, then do, on average, another 30 hours of housework. Their husbands, on average, do three hours. And Asian women who give up work to look after children find it hard to return when the offspring are grown.Passage 8In the English-speaking world, people escape fromfrying pans into fires. In Thailand, the proverb is couched differently: people are said to escape from tigers only to be eaten by crocodiles. (1)_______________With that in mind, the Bank of Thailand raised interest rates on August 24th for the ninth time since mid-2010. But it was a split decision. The economic woes of America and Europe have darkened Asia’s mood. Some can again hear the tiger’s growl.After last year’s swift recovery from recession, policymakers in developing Asian countries congratulated themselves on the resilience of their economies.(2)_______________In April 2009 the Thai central bank cut rates to 1.25%—lower than in most Asian economies—alongside a fiscal push worth 3% of GDP. Emerging economies were hit harder than optimists expected, but responded better than pessimists feared.That resilience may be tested again sooner than anyone would have liked. In announcing its latest rate decision, the Bank of Thailand noted the dangers posed to the economyby a slowdown in America and Europe.(3)____________________But the bank found consolation in Thailand’s growing sales to its neighbours and to “new”markets farther afield. Last year China overtook America to become the country’s leading customer.That trend is not unique to Thailand. Most of its neighbours now sell a smaller share of their exports to America and Europe than they did before the crisis (see chart). The precise percentages may be misleading. These exports include parts and components that may end up in the West, after first being assembled into final products in another country. But there is no denying the trend.The region’s economies are not, then, as vulnerable to the tiger’s claws as they were in 2008. The crocodile, on the other hand, is uncomfortably close. Thailand’s headline consumer-price inflation (4.1% in the year to July) was too high for the central bank’s comfort, but lower than in many of its neighbours, such as China (6.5%), India, where wholesale prices rose by 9.2%, or Vietnam, where consumer prices rose by an alarming 23% in the year to August.Asia’s campaign against inflation has dragged on longer than its central bankers hoped. Higher food and commodity prices were expected to drop out of the inflation figures eventually, but instead seem to have leached into other consumer prices. (4)________________The big exceptions are Taiwan, where the discount rate is less than 1.9%, and Singapore, which carries out monetary policy by setting a path for the exchange rate, not the interest rate. With rates in America at rock bottom, and the Singapore dollar set to strengthen against its American counterpart, interest rates in Singapore areextraordinarily low.Reducing rates would help Asia’s economies withstand a modest slowdown in the West. Goldman Sachs, for example, has cut its 2011 rate forecast for Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Taiwan, but has barely trimmed its growth forecasts for these countries.(5)___________A fiscal response would do more to buoy demand in the rest of the world, as it did from 2007 to 2009, when budget balances deteriorated markedly throughout the region.With luck, another stimulus package will not be necessary. A modest slowdown in the West might even take the pressure off prices in Asia, without doing undue harm to the region’s growth—a case perhaps of the tiger eating the crocodile.[A]Thailand remains highly exposed to global trade: exports, including air conditioners, video cameras and fridges, as well as tourism, accounted for over 70% of its GDP in 2010.[B] But rate cuts would also weaken the region’s exchange rates, sharpening their competitiveness and doing little to help economies outside Asia.[C]Their docile banking systems, high saving rates and hoards of foreign exchange shielded them from the worst of the financial chaos. Their efforts to tighten fiscal and monetary policy before the crisis struck gave them room to loosen up in response, as exports collapsed and confidence evaporated.[D]The Thai economy, like many in Asia, sprang free from the great recession surprisingly quickly. This yearthe bigger threat has been the widening jaws of inflation.[E]America will overcome its current economic woes and Europe will muddle through.[F]One consequence of this prolonged fight is that nominal interest rates have been raised off the floor. Indonesia’s policy rate is now 6.75%; India’s is 8%. That gives central bankers some room to cut if the world economy sags.[G]Thailand’s new prime minister, Yingluck Shinawatra, is contemplating another budgetary splurge. But policymakers elsewhere will be reluctant to spill the red ink again.2021考研英语一新题型密押模拟题（三）since 1996. Most of his group’s money comes from transport and logistics, with a strong position in Africa, and from petrol distribution in France. Mr Bolloréhas also made billions from financial investments such as in Rue Imperiale, a holding company. Autolib will be keenly watched throughoutthe car industry. It is the first largescale city carsharing service to use only electric vehicles from the outset; a scheme in Ulm in Germany, by contrast, started with diesel vehicles. Running Autolib could mean shouldering substantial losses for the Bolloré Group. Mr Bolloré was not expected to win the contract, but did so mainly because he offered low rental charges for drivers.[F] Mr Bolloré’s LMP batteries are said to be more stable when being charged and discharged, which is when batteries come under most strain. Just two European carmakers have seen the batteries, which are made only by the Bolloré Group. One carindustry executive says that though the LMP technology is attractive from a safety point of view, the batteries have to be heated up to function—which takes power and makes them less convenient to use.[G] Mr Bolloré’s technology is about to hit the road. In 2010 his group won a contract to run Autolib, a carsharing scheme designed by Bertrand Delan e, the mayor of Paris, which will put 3,000 electric vehicles on the city’ s streets along with 1,120 stations for parking and recharging. Construction of the stations started in thesummer, and Mr Bolloré will begin testing the service on October 1st before opening it to the public in December. Rechargeable batteries are now an important technology for the global car industry as it starts to make ever more electric and hybrid vehicles. Renault, a French manufacturer, is alone investing 4 billion ($5.6 billion)in a range of electric models which it will start selling this autumn. Many producers will unveil new electric vehicles next week when the Frankfurt Motor Show opens.1→2→3→C→4→F→5Passage 4Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] The contest has been held in anticipation of a new era of pylon building. By 202*, a quarter of the country’s current generating capacity will need replacing; the government hopes the new supply will come from renewable sources such as onshore and offshore wind farms. Today’s。