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华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业华语与华文教育，语言学及应用语言学
科目名称语言学概论科目代码818
一、名词解释。
（每题5分，共25分）
1. 屈折语
2.义项
3.语义角色
4.词的理性意义
5.预设
二、单项选择题。
（每题3分，共15分）
1、语言的发展演变是不平衡的,变化最慢的是( )
A．语音 B．词汇
C．语法 D．修辞
2、“连老王都打了”是一个歧义结构,歧义的原因是( )
A．词汇意义不同造成政义
B．句法结构关系不同造成歧义
C．句法结构层次不同造成歧义
D．语义结构关系不同造成歧义
3.“一板一眼”、“马后炮”、“泼冷水”、“老油条”都属于（）
A.简缩词语
B.成语
C.谚语
D.惯用语
4.把词分为基本语汇和一般语汇所依据的是（）
A.音节的长短
B.语素的数量
C.字的多少
D.词的地位
5.某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上的语言，这种现象叫（）
A.语言接触
B.语言迁移
C.语言混同
D.社会双语
三、用国际音标标写下列句子，包括声调。
（10分）
说到人工智能、决策与自主性，这些是美国的强项。
四、回答问题。
（每题8分，共40分）
1 / 2。
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业汉语国际教育科目名称汉语基础科目代码354现代汉语部分（75分）一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1、语音具有________、________、________等性质，其中________是语音的本质属性。
2、数量补语可以分为两类：“看了三遍”属于________；“住了三年”属于________。
3、“只要天一亮，就出去锻炼。
”改成紧缩句为：________________________。
4、“他们三个包子都吃了”是个有歧义的句子，造成歧义的原因是在于“都”的语义指向既可以指________，也可以指________。
5、“考大学、考学生、考数学、考笔试、考满分”的结构类型都是________，但是其中名词与动词之间的语义关系分别是________、________、________、________、________。
6、在“雪白、雪山、雪崩、雪水”这四个词中，跟其他三个词结构关系不同的是________，因为它属于________结构，而其他词属于________结构。
7、按现代汉语七大方言分区，广东梅县话属于________方言，上海话属于________方言。
二、根据下列句子归纳“活”的义项，并指出哪些属于活[1]，哪些属于活[2]。
（10分）①鱼儿离开水就无法存活。
②这一段写得很活。
③这孩子说话活像大人。
④他身子不好，不能干重活。
⑤活到老，学到老。
⑥这批活做得不错。
⑦我买了一本活页笔记本。
⑧侦察兵活捉了一个敌人。
⑨他这样做很出活。
⑩这里的水都是活水。
三、用层次分析法分析：“随迁子女异地高考有助于促进社会的流动。
”（6分）四、分析句子。
是单句的，划分句子成分；是复句的，划分层次，并标明分句之间的关系。
（每题5分，共15分）1、我相信，他们若能提高文化，不就一定会成为写散文的好手。
2、大家都叫她祥林嫂，没问她姓什么，但中人是卫家山人，既说是邻居，那大概也姓卫了。
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业汉语国际教育
科目名称汉语基础科目代码 354
现代汉语部分
一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）。
1. 辅音
2. 部首
3. 句子
4. 语素
5. 语义场
二、简答题（每小题3分，共15分）。
1. 汉语有哪些主要方言区？
2. 普通话的舌面元音有哪些？
3. 基本词汇有哪些特点？
4. 举例说明什么是存现句。
5. 用层次分析法解释“讨厌抽烟的人”产生歧义的原因。
三、语法分析（共12分）。
（一）写出下列短语中“便宜”的词类（每空1分，共3分）。
1. 占便宜（）
2. 便宜货（）
3. 便宜你了（）
（二）运用层次分析法分析下列短语（每小题3分，共9分）。
1. 考上理想的学校
2. 他写错了一个字
3. 请小王去北京开会
四、辞格分析（每小题2分，共8分）。
1. 密集的芦苇细心地护卫着脚下偷偷开放的野花。
2. 对艺术家来说，故乡是灵感的泉眼。
1 / 5。
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业汉语国际教育科目名称汉语国际教育基础科目代码 445一、填空题（每空 1 分，共30 分）1. 汉字的组字方法及规律，后人总结为“六书”，分别是：象形、、会意、形声、、假借。
2. “今天天气不错。
”这句话里有个词。
3. 汉语拼音的“第一声”的调类是“阴平”，调值是55 ，“第三声”的调类是，调值是。
4. 汉字“我”的拼音写作。
5. “五行”指的是“金、、水、火、土”。
6. 对外汉语教学的全部教学活动可概括为总体设计、教材编写、课堂教学、四大环节，其中心环节是。
7. 中国古代的四大发明是火药、指南针、造纸术、和。
8. 中国古代典籍可划分为“经、史、、集”四大部类。
9. 所谓3P（PPP）教学法中的三个P 按顺序分别是present，和produce。
10. 宋代儒学家常被称为“程朱理学”，其中“朱”指的是。
11. 关于西方文化的起源，有“两希论”的说法，所谓“两希”即希腊和。
12. 被称为“瓷都”的是江西。
13. 中国几千年封建王朝第一个皇帝是秦始皇，末代皇帝是。
14. 《》为晋代出现的志怪小说，主要记录了神话故事和民间传说。
15. 对外汉语语言要素的教学包括、、、四个方面。
16. 是指人们正在学习并希望通过学习获得的语言，即在语言教学中正在被教授和学习的语言。
17. 我国最早的字典是。
18. 是以系统的语法知识的教学为纲，依靠母语，通过翻译手段，主要培养外语读写能力的教学法。
19. 世界上最高级别的文化奖项是。
20. 日语的标音符号平假名是根据中国汉字的演化而来的。
21. 纵贯非洲大陆东北部，跨越世界上面积最大的撒哈拉沙漠，占非洲大陆面积的九分之一，为世界最长的河流。
22. 《》是我国第一部古典中医学巨著。
23. 编写与评估对外汉语教材需要遵循的基本原则是实用性、知识性、、。
二、单项选择题。
（每题 1 分，共30 分）1. 一份试题对学生重复测试，是验证试题（）的方法之一。
华侨大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业中国语言文学
科目名称文学基础科目代码821
一、名词解释（计40分，每小题5分）：
1. 诸子百家
2. 汉乐府
3. 沉郁顿挫
4. 玉茗堂四梦
5"人的文学" 6文艺大众化运动 7.潜在写作 8.新写实小说
二、简答题（计40分，每小题10分）：
1.简述《诗经》的文学成就。
2.给晏殊词《蝶恋花》注上格律谱，平声画横（－），仄声画竖（丨）。
槛菊愁烟兰泣露，罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去。
明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。
昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路。
欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处？
3.简析朱自清借景抒情类散文的思想艺术特点。
4.简述“新历史小说”的概念及代表作家作品。
三、论述题（计70分，每小题35分）：
1论白居易讽喻诗与《新乐府》创作的得失。
2.以丁玲、张爱玲、王安亿为例，谈一谈时代思潮对20世纪中国女性创作主题形成的影响以及这种影响下作家形成的创作个性。
共1 页第1 页
1。
2015年福建华侨大学中国语言文学考研真题现代汉语部分（共75分）一、简答题。
（每小题4分，共12分。
）1．现代汉语词汇的主要特点。
2.简述“哪怕”与“不管”在用法上的主要区别？3.简述汉语划分词类的主要标准。
二、名词解释。
（每小题3分，共15分。
）1.音位2.复合词3.形声4.四呼5.粘着语素三、判别下列词语的词类。
（每小题1分，共8分。
）平常经常架次架子（）（）（）（）慢性怠慢由于等于（）（）（）（）四、选择题。
（每小题2分，共10分。
）1．以下词类中，不属于实词的是（）。
A副词B拟声词C量词D代词2．以下单位属于四级语法单位之一的是（）。
A语素B音位C复句D句群3．状语是（）。
A动词的修饰语B形容词的修饰语C代词的修饰语D谓词性偏正词组中的修饰语4．“你瞧、你想、你说”等插入语表示的意思是（）。
A注释、补充、举例B消息来源C对语义的附带说明D引起对方的注意5．“禁止吸烟！”属于非主谓句的哪一种下位句型（）。
A形容词性非主谓句B动词性非主谓句C名词性非主谓句D说明性非主谓句五、判别下列短语的结构类型。
（每小题1分，共8分。
）卖肉的民歌四首讲不清楚首都北京请他做东给予处分深圳特区激烈辩论六、请用层次分析法分析并区分下列多义短语。
（每小题3分，共6分。
）1．咬死猎人的狗2.他们八个一组七、请用句子成分分析法分析下列单句。
（每小题3分，共6分）1.在特区工作的人工资高得令人不敢相信。
2.下了车后来自厦门的游客都进商店购买当地土特产了。
八、分析题（共10分）试举例分析能够进入“名词语+了”这一句法结构的名词语的语义特征。
古代汉语部分（共75分）一、填空。
（每空1分，共15分。
）1、“六书”是指象形、1、2、3、4和形声。
2、所谓古音通假就是古代汉语书面语里同音或5的字的通用和假借。
3、“苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。
”句中前一个“之”字的词性是6，语法作用是7。
4、《左传·僖公五年》“将虢是灭，何爱于虞”一句中“是”的作用是8。
华侨大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业汉语言文字学科目名称现代汉语科目代码823一、按照拼写规则用汉语拼音给下列材料注音（计16分）：唐朝有个诗人叫贾岛。
一天，他想到两句好诗：“鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门。
”这通俗易懂的两句诗，描绘了在一个万籁俱寂的夜晚，一轮明月高挂，如水的月光洒在山前山后。
二、用国际音标给下列诗句注音（要求用五度标记法标明实际调值，计14分）：羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。
三、分析下列词语的构成方式（计10分，每小题1分）：1.吃惊2.吃香3.美化4.转化5.封锁6.封条7.卑微8.望子成龙9.功业彪炳10.请君入瓮四、请说说你对“与妻子相比他更爱狗”这个短语的理解（计10分）。
五、在下列句子中任选一个配成一副对联（计10分）：瑞雪映梅梅更俏春风化雨引万般春色1招生专业汉语言文字学科目名称现代汉语科目代码823六、用层次分析法分析下列短语（计20分）：她不只是一个孩子的母亲房间里有人轻轻地哼着小调他把材料写好上报给外事局审批这后一句话给同学们很大的鼓励七、《汉语拼音方案》中的/ a /包含了几个变体？请在舌面元音舌位唇形图上用国际音标标明，并说说为什么《汉语拼音方案》可以只用一个符号表示？（计10分）八、论述题（计60分，每小题20分）：1.请举例说明在语音的辨义功能（区别特征）方面汉语与英语的主要区别是什么。
2.请举例说明如何区别形容词和区别词？3.请举例说明汉语与英语在亲属称谓方面有什么明显差异。
这种差异反映了什么？表现了词义的什么性质？共2 页第2 页2华侨大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学科目名称现代汉语科目代码822一、按照拼写规则用汉语拼音给下列材料注音（16分）：牡丹没有花败之时，要么烁于枝头，要么归于泥土，跨越萎顿和衰老，由青春而死亡，由美丽而消遁。
它虽美却不吝惜生命，即使告别也要展示最后一次的惊心动魄。
华侨大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码762Part I Error Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1 . ___time__Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2. __/_____school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. __the__(I)Tramore is a happy racecourse in a holiday town but,at just a mile round and with cambers to rival Epsom, ithas never been favorably in the Irish jockeys’ room. Its 1. _________________ popularity will have dipped further after the New Year’sEve shambles in which all 14 riders in a handicap chaseeither rode a finish or pulled up a circuit early. Ninejockeys, including Davy Russell, the championship leader,were baned for five days each and the Irish Turf Club 2. _________________has begun an investigation that bring further action. 3. _________________共23 页第1 页(II)Number of people who died in passenger airline 4. ______________________ crashes last year was 20 per cent lower than in 2006.There were 631 passenger deaths worldwide lastyear, 159 fewer than 2006, according to Ascend, 5. ______________________the industry information company. Robin Butlerhas been a crossbencher in the House of Lordsfor ten years since he retired after a 37-years career 6. _____________________in the Civil Service, which he completed as a head 7. _____________________of the Home Civil Service and as Cabinet Secretaryto prime ministers Thatcher, Major and Blair. Onretire he became Master of University College, 8. _____________________ Oxford. His parody of John Betjeman’s famous poemSeaside Golf, which includes the lines ‘a glorious,sailing bounding drive, /That made me glad I alive’ is 9. ________________________ fondly remembered at Betjeman favourite course,10. _______________________St Enodoc, North Cornwall.Part II Grammar (30 points)(I) There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)1. ____, Robert Ferguson’s Law and Letters in American Culture has largely defined the critical understanding of the relationship between law and literature in the early American共23 页第2 页republic.A. With its publication more than 20 years agoB. Since its publication more than 20 years agoC. After its publication more than 20 years agoD. In its publication more than 20 years ago2. Ferguson’s central thesis, of course, is that a tight “configuration of law and letters,” ____, was made possible by several closely related factors.A. lasts from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sB. lasted from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sC. lasting from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sD. to last from the Revolution until roughly the 1830s3. I used to love horror movies, but now I tend to dread screen dread. ______ I’ve grown too old and jaded to be scared--nobody outgrows fear--but the new breed of horror movies, pitched almost exclusively at young male moviegoers, are more interested in sensationalism than insinuation.A. It’s not thatB. NotC. It’s not right thatD. Do not think that4. The professional culture of late eighteenth-century America, first of all, essentially required individuals trained in the legal profession ___________.A. to acquire a broad liberal education and to perform in a variety of literary modesB. acquire a broad liberal education and perform in a variety of literary modesC. to acquire a broad liberal education and performing in a variety of literary modesD. acquiring a broad liberal education and performing in a variety of literary modes共23 页第3 页5. Look at Jocelyn Wildenstein. OK, you can stop looking now. ____, she has become a warning of the pitfalls of overzealous plastic surgery.A. Known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’B. To know as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’C. To be known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’D. As known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’6. Meanwhile, cosmetics manufacturers, ________, now produce potions boasting novel chemical compounds that read as if they are composed of letters from a poor deck of Scrabble tiles.A. in their search for new ceaseless tantalizing ingredients to put in their productsB. in their search for tantalizing new ceaseless ingredients to put in their productsC. in their new ceaseless tantalizing search for ingredients to put in their productsD. in their ceaseless search for tantalizing new ingredients to put in their products7. I argue here that Neal’s historical novel ____ as a tightly interlaced performance where the narrative and its prefaces ____ reciprocally to set up a broad-based assault on the concept of precedent.A. had better be read … to functionB. is best read … functionC. can best be read … functioningD. could best be read … as functioning8. ____, his utterance takes on a more serious shape and tone.A. Giving time, howeverB. Time given, howeverC. However, given timeD. Given time, however9. Though Mather, too, ____ the need for confessions in the trials of accused witches, Neal’sgeneral representation of Mather’s argumentative approach ____ the legitimacy of the legal共23 页第4 页proceedings of the Court of Oyer and Terminer was essentially accurate.A. stressed …to supportB. stresses …to supportC. stressed … supportingD. was stressing … in support10. The reading scores of ____ increased slightly (by 8 and 4 points, respectively) between 1971 and 1980 but then returned to their former levels or remained the same.A. nine and 13-year-oldsB. 9- and 13-year-oldsC. 9 and 13 year oldsD. 9 and 13-year-olds（II）There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. (10 points)1. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago andA Bhas been silent ever after.C D2. Looking at his watch, his clock said it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen timesA Bbefore it stopped.C D3. The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization:A Bhouses--often three stories high--were built of stone．C D共23 页第5 页4. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but eachA Byear, the dogs are still sent out into the snow nontheless a traveller is in difficulty.C D5. On his way into the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavementA B Cand then disappeared down a drain.D6. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shopA Bheard about his troubles and rewarded him on a large box of chocolates.C D7. Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gustA B Cof wind are quite familiar with everybody.D8. Mark Twain went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverA B Cfever in Navada’s Washoe region.D9. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him,A B共23 页第6 页and there was a talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels.C D10. This will enable people that do not share a common language to talk to each otherA Bwith out any difficulty or to read foreign publications.C D(III) Rewrite the following sentences as required, without altering their meanings.（10 points）1. It is no use doing what you like, you have got to like what you do.Use ‘because’.2. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.Use the active voice.3. The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years.Use the comparative degree.4. It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture the most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas.Use a simple sentence.5. Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.Talk about ‘society’ before ‘science’.共23 页第7 页6. We cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, to be more accurate, we can think only a very little way outside, and then only if we are very original.Use ‘Only’ in the beginning and invert your word order.7. By a cough he pushed the tissue off the table.Use ‘cough’ as a transitive verb.8. I cannot open the door.Begin by ‘the door’, making your sentence genuine/natural English.9. Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested.Begin with ‘with’ phrase.10. For some time Paris had been swarming with countless other discharged foreign soldiers.Begin by ‘other discharged foreign soldiers’.Part III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement.Passage 1A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion共23 页第8 页of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snarling on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that the same benefits apply to men.According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.In a report on the findings the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women."共23 页第9 页Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸)which have been shown to reduce inflammation (炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis(关节炎). Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios(开心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index ( BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.1. According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?A. A disease.B. Type 2 diabetes.C. Cancer.D. Obesity.2. According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of Nutrition _________.A. was carried out on male nursesB. is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effectsC. emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effectsD. is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects3. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.B. Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.C. Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.D. Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.4. Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at theHarvard?共23 页第10 页A. Most of them are female.B. Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.C. Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.D. They have about the same body fat and weight.5. It has been proved that eating nuts can ___________.A. lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumferenceB. reduce inflammation in the bodyC. lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritisD. increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertilityPassage 2Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big共23 页第11 页difference is that mountaineering is not a 'team game'. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no 'matches' between 'teams' of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and their certainly experience equal enjoyment.6. Mountaineering involves____.A. coldB. hardshipC. physical riskD. all of the above7. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of _____.A. activityB. rulesC. uniformD. participants8. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because_____.A. it is an Olympic eventB. teams compete against each otherC. mountaineers depend on other while climbingD. there are 5 climbers on each team9. Mountaineers compete against______.A. natureB. each otherC. other teamsD. international standards共23 页第12 页招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码76210. Choose the best title for the passage_______.A. mountaineering is different from golf and footballB. mountaineering is more attractive than other sportsC. mountaineeringD. mountain climbersPassage 3Women’s minds work differently from men’s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes – the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?共23 页第13 页招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码762Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpuscallosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handing,analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halvesworking together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work.And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and womenon this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boysbetter at math and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in thehemispheric thunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of any precise relationshipbetween abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and wecannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this strikingdifference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involvein intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.11. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.12. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by____ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social共23 页第14 页13. “These differences” in Paragraph 5 refer to those in ____.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. activities carried out by the brain14. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on ____.A. the brain structure as a wholeB. the functioning of part of the brainC. the distinction between the sexesD. the effects of the corpus callosum15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.Passage 4To the 19th-century French poet Charles Baudelaire, there was no such thing as a bad smell. What a squeamish, oversensitive bunch he would have deemed the denizens of the 20th-century America, where body odors are taboo, strong aromas are immediately suppressed with air freshener and perfume, long celebrated for its seductive and healing powers, is banned in some places to protect those with multiple chemical sensitivities.Indeed, in the years since Baudelaire set pen to paper, civilization has played havoc with the natural state of all the human senses, technology providing the ability not only to tame and to mute but also to tease and over-stimulate. Artificial fragrances and flavors trick the nose and tongue. Advertisers dazzle the eyes with rapid-fire images. Wailing sirens vie with the beeping of pagers to challenge the ears’ ability to cope.共23 页第15 页Yet even as we fiddle with the texture and scope of our sensibilities, science is indicating it might behoove us to show them a bit more respect. Growing evidence documents the surprising consequences of depriving or overwhelming the senses. And failing to nurture our natural capabilities, researchers are discovering, can affect health, emotions, even intelligence. Hearing, for example, is intimately connected to emotional circuits: When a nursing infant looks up from the breast, muscles in the middle ear reflexively tighten, readying the child for the pitch of a human voice. The touch of massage can relieve pain and improve concentration. And no matter how we spritz or scrub, every human body produces a natural odor as distinctive as the whorls on the fingertips, an aroma that research is showing to be a critical factor in choosing a sexual partner.Beyond their capacity to heal and delight, the senses have also opened a window on the workings of the human brain. A flood of studies on smell, sight, hearing, touch and taste in the last two decades have upended most of theories about how the brain functions. Scientists once believed, for example, that the brain was hard-wired at birth, the trillions of connections that made up its neural circuits genetically predetermined. But a huge proportion of neurons in a newborn infant’s brain, it turns out, require input from the senses in order to hook up to one another properly.It is a similar case with a scientific theory until recently held that the sense organs did the lion’s share of processing information about the world: The eye detected movement; the nose recognized smell. But researchers now know that ears, eye and fingers are only way stations, transmitting signals that are then processed centrally. “The nose doesn’t smell, the brain does,” says Richard Axel, a molecular biologist at Columbia University. Each of our sense shatters共23 页第16 页experiences into fragments, parsing the world like so many nouns and verbs, then leaving the brain to put the pieces back together and make sense of it all.In labs across the country, researchers are drafting a picture of the sense that promises not only to unravel the mysterious tangle of the nerves in the brain but also to offer reasons to revel in sensuous experience. Cradling a baby not only feels marvelous, scientists are finding, but it is absolutely vital to a newborn’s emotional and cognitive development. And the results of this research are beginning to translate into practical help for people whose senses are impaired: Researchers in Boston last year unveiled a tiny electronic device called a retinal chip that one day may restore sight to people blinded after childhood. Gradually, this new science of the senses is redefining what it means to be a feeling and thinking human being. One day it may lead to an understanding of consciousness itself.16. The author in the first two paragraphs intends to argue that ___________.A.technology has disrupted the natural states of the human sensesing perfume to suppress body odors is not correctC.what French poet Charles Baudelaire said is true to our lifeD.our noses and tongues have been tricked by artificial fragrances17. Research findings indicate that if our senses are ill-treated, _______.A.our physical health can be affectedB. a person can be affected enormouslyC.our intelligence can be influencedD.our emotional states can be disturbed共23 页第17 页18. Which of the following statements if true?A.The sense organs process the world information.B.The eyes discover movement.C.The nose determines smells.D.The sense organs cannot process information.Passage 5So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course coordinator, a head of department and a head teacher. As they appear to be in complete harmony with one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.Oxford Brookes University’s approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course coordinator Brenda St evens speaks of the value of getting students “to deconstruct the advertisement , see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other’s.” Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. “The better prepared students won’t be thrown by nerves on the day,” says Ms Stevens. “They’ll have their strategies and questions worked out.” She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, “the better the student, the worse the interviewee.” She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were tree, says Ms Stevens, you must still make your own共23 页第18 页case.“Beware of infernality,” she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.Find out about the people who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team.But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.Routine questions can be rehearsed, but “don’t go on too long,” advises the department head. They may well ask: “What have been your worst/best moments when teaching?”, or want you to “talk about some good teaching you have done.” The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for over coming them. “I know I’ve got to work共23 页第19 页。
