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无机物的英文命名

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1. 金属氧化物，碱和盐的命名：

原则：先说正离子名（对于有变价的金属后面要有价态标志，如 I、II、III等），后说负离子名即可。

负离子的命名：（按照负离子的组成分为三类）

1) All monoatomic anions have names ending with “ide” for example, F-

(fluoride), Cl- (chloride), Br- (bromide), S2- (sulfide) and P3- (phosphide).

2) Two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with “ide” are OH-

(hydroxide) and CN- (cyanide).

3) Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element.

The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is denoted by the use of suffixes

“ite” and “ate”, meaning fewer and more oxyen atoms, respectively. In cases

where it is necessary to denote more than two oxyanions of the same element, the

prefixes “hypo” and “per”, meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms,

respectively, may be used.

许多的多原子阴离子（polyatomic anion）除了氧原子之外还有另外一种元素。这类含氧阴离子（oxyanion）中所含氧的数目由后缀“ite” 和 “ate”来表示，分别意味着较多的氧原子和较少的氧原子。在有些场合下，需要表达更多的氧原子和更少的氧原子时，分别用前缀“hypo” 和

“per”来表示。（例如ClO-(hypochlorite), ClO2-(chlorite), ClO3-(chlorate),

ClO4-(perchlorate) and MnO4-(permanganate)

2. 非金属氧化物的命名

1）. 老式命名方法：

在非金属和氧的前面分别加表示数字的希腊前缀，例如CO2(cabron dioxide), CO(carbon

monoxide), SO3(sulfur trioxide), N2O3(dinitrogen trioxide)等。

2）. 斯托克命名体系：

只包含非金属和氧的名称，但是在非金属元素名称后加罗马数字。例如CO2(cabron(II) oxide),

CO(carbon(IV) oxide), SO3(sulfur(VI) oxide), N2O3(nitrogen(III) oxide)等。

3. 酸的命名：按酸根离子的命名来给出相应的命名。

Ion Corresponding acid

——ate ——ic acid

——ite ——ous acid

——ide hydro ——ic acid

例如：

ClO2-(chlorite)， HClO2 （Chlorous acid）；

ClO3-(chlorate)， HClO3 （Chloric acid）；

Cl- (chloride)， HCl （Hydrochloric acid）；

CN- (cyanide) HCN (Hydrocyanic acid).

4. 作业答案：

CuSO4 Copper (II) sulfate

Cupric sulfate

HClO Hypochlorous acid HClO2 Chlorous acid

HClO3 Chloric acid HClO4 Perchloric acid

HCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid

H2SO4 Sulfuric acid

NaCN Sodium cyanide Na2S Sodium sulfide

NaClO Sodium hypochlorite NaBr sodium bromide

P2O5 Phosphorous (V) oxide

Diphosphorous pentoxide

Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide

KMnO4 Potassium permanganate KF Potassium floride

FeS Iron (II) sulfide

Ferrous sulfide

FeCl3 Iron (III) chloride

Ferric chloride

KH2PO4 Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate

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常见化学物质中英文

常见化学物质中英文

表一 常见无机物英文名

Chemical

symbol Chemical name Related compounds, salts,

properties

S sulfur Elemental sulfur

SO32- sulfite sulfurous acid 亚硫酸

SO42- sulfate Sulfate，硫酸盐； sulfuric acid

硫酸

SO2 sulfur dioxide SO3： sulfur trioxide

H2S hydrogen sulfide Odorous, poisonous

S2- sulfide PbS, lead sulfide

N2 nitrogen Liquid nitrogen

NO3- nitrate K NO3 Potassium nitrate

NO2- nitrite Na NO2

NO2 nitrogen dioxide Major air pollutant

N2O nitrous oxide Laughing gas

F2 flourine CFC chloroflourocarbons

Cl2 chlorine HClO, hypochlorous acid

Br2 bromine HBr, hydrogen bromide

I2 iodine AgI , silver iodide

HCl Hydrogen chloride;

hydrochloric acid HF , hydrofluoric acid

Cl- chloride NaCl sodium chloride

C Carbon Activated carbon

CCl4 Carbon tetrachchloride

CO32- Carbonate ion Na2CO3 sodium carbonate

HCO3- bicarbonate ion Ca(HCO3)2 calcium bicarbonate

专业英语课件 ——化合物英文命名

专业英语课件 ——化合物英文命名

常见分子式及化学反应式的读法

字母部分均按字母名称读出；化学反应式中的符号→，读作yields 或forms，意即生成：

A) H2O, [eitʃ] [tu:] [əu]

B) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

C six H twelve O six yields two C two H five O H plus two C O two.

C) NaOH → Na++ OH-

N sub a O H yields N sub a positive plus O H negative.

D) 1、Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst. 2、1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst. 3、 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst. 4、Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia. 5、At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst takes place. E) Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride.

常见化学物质中英文 2

常见化学物质中英文 2

表一 常见无机物英文名 Chemical

symbol Chemical name Related compounds, salts,

properties

S sulfur Elemental sulfur

SO32- sulfite sulfurous acid 亚硫酸

SO42- sulfate Sulfate，硫酸盐； sulfuric acid

硫酸

SO2 sulfur dioxide SO3： sulfur trioxide

H2S hydrogen sulfide Odorous, poisonous

S2- sulfide PbS, lead sulfide

N2 nitrogen Liquid nitrogen

NO3- nitrate K NO3 Potassium nitrate

NO2- nitrite Na NO2

NO2 nitrogen dioxide Major air pollutant

N2O nitrous oxide Laughing gas

F2 flourine CFC chloroflourocarbons

Cl2 chlorine HClO, hypochlorous acid

Br2 bromine HBr, hydrogen bromide

I2 iodine AgI , silver iodide

HCl Hydrogen chloride;

hydrochloric acid HF , hydrofluoric acid

Cl- chloride NaCl sodium chloride

C Carbon Activated carbon

CCl4 Carbon tetrachchloride

CO32- Carbonate ion Na2CO3 sodium carbonate

HCO3- bicarbonate ion Ca(HCO3)2 calcium bicarbonate

无机物的英文命名

无机物的英文命名

1. 金属氧化物，碱和盐的命名：

原则：先说正离子名（对于有变价的金属后面要有价态标志，如 I、II、III等），后说负离子名即可。

负离子的命名：（按照负离子的组成分为三类）

1) All monoatomic anions have names ending with “ide” for example, F-

(fluoride), Cl- (chloride), Br- (bromide), S2- (sulfide) and P3- (phosphide).

2) Two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with “ide” are OH-

(hydroxide) and CN- (cyanide).

3) Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element.

The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is denoted by the use of suffixes

“ite” and “ate”, meaning fewer and more oxyen atoms, respectively. In cases

where it is necessary to denote more than two oxyanions of the same element, the

prefixes “hypo” and “per”, meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms,

respectively, may be used.

许多的多原子阴离子（polyatomic anion）除了氧原子之外还有另外一种元素。这类含氧阴离子（oxyanion）中所含氧的数目由后缀“ite” 和 “ate”来表示，分别意味着较多的氧原子和较少的氧原子。在有些场合下，需要表达更多的氧原子和更少的氧原子时，分别用前缀“hypo” 和