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定语从句一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如：I want to marry a rich man.定语I want to marry a man who is tall, rich and handsome. （从句谓语和先行词一致）先行词定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句用关系词（_____________ _____________）来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
1)关系代词：______________________________________2)关系副词：______________________________________二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：He is the man who/that wants to marry me.他就是那个想娶我的人。
(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I want to marry.他就是我想嫁的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)合并：1.The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage._______________________________________________________2.I don’t know the boy. The boy is in blue shirt._______________________________________________________3.My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music._______________________________________________________翻译：1那就是教我们英语的老师。
定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案第1讲关系词的选择技巧考点1. 相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。
(例句中，Thisis the boy.是主句。
)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。
） (例句中，who won the firstprize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。
)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
(例句中，the boy是先行词。
)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
(例句中，who是关系代词。
)关系词的三个作用i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。
ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
iii.代指被修饰的先行词。
（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。
）B.关系代词i.指人时可以用who, 也可用that。
Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accidentis Tom’s uncle.ii.指物时可以用which, 也可用that。
I like visiting places which/that are notfar away.How do you like the film which/tha t wasshown last Sunday.iii.whose可以指人也可以指物。
高考英语语法定语从句 attributive clause◆概念(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语(修饰某一名词或代词)的从句叫定语从句，一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被__________修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系代词____, ______, ______, ______, _____, _______关系副词 _____, ______, ______ 在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，定语，状语）第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句1.who ,whom 和whose 引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时不可以出现在介词后；whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that 替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
◆ I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _________I met in the English speech contest last year.◆ I have many friends to _________ I’m going to send post cards.◆ The person I want to talk about with is Tu Youyou, the one ______ won theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
定语从句………………………………………………………………………………………………根底组A.单句填空(每一小题1.5分，共15分，限时7分钟)1．[2016·衡水二中周测]Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.答案where [句意：人生就像一场长跑，我们在这里互相角逐，以超越自己。
本空需要关系副词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a long race，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
] 2．[2016·冀州中学模拟]Bill Gates, for ________ money isn't a problem, still lives a very simple life now.答案whom [句意：比照尔·盖茨来说，钱不是问题，但他现在还是过着简朴的生活。
根据句意可知，从句正常的表达是money isn't a problem for Bill Gates，因此这里用for whom引导这个非限制性定语从句。
]3．[2016·衡水中学一轮检测]The yellow house ________ windows face south is the place ________ I spent my childhood.答案whose; where [句中whose windows face south是定语从句，修饰house, whose 在定语从句中作定语。
第二空where引导定语从句，修饰place, where在定语从句中作状语。
]4．[2016·衡水中学猜题]TheVoiceofChina has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music，________some of them have stood out among others.答案where [句意：《中国好声音》为那些有音乐才华的年轻人搭建了一个大舞台，在这个平台上有些人已经脱颖而出。
2016年全国高考真题分类汇编---名词性从句高考真题解析1. （2016年北京卷）24.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.【答案】C【解析】句意：无论你做的什么帮助，你的支持对于我们的工作很重要。
这是一个让步状从。
从句宾语helps前缺定语，故选C。
2. （2016年北京卷）29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】句意：在雨季最快乐的事情就是一个人可以完全的变成个泥人。
这是一个表语从句。
从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，且不缺词义。
that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不做任何成分，没有词义。
故选B。
3.（2016年江苏卷）21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【答案】D【解析】句意：对于执着于希望的人来说一切皆有可能，这是一种常见情况。
这是主语从句，it做形式主语，而真正的主语则是后面的从句，从句中主系表成分完整，且不缺词义，故选D。
主语从句常见结构It’s+形容词/名词/过去分词+that...4.（2016年天津卷）11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】句意：这个经理建议我们找个助手，因为有太多工作要做。
一、 定语从句概览二、 语法详解在复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。
被修饰的局部叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫做关系词。
（1） 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句的区别定语从句分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who ，whom,which, that, whose关系副词when, where, why介词+关系代词介词+which/whom1.He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)2.He has tow sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more thantwo sons.)3.He failed in the match, which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子) 〔=He failed in the match, and it was a great pity.〕(2)定语从句关系词的用法注意：1.作宾语时who和whom常可互换，但作宾语的关系代词前有介词时用whom。
●The old man with whom I often go to the park is my grandfather.2. “whose+名词〞可与“限定词+名词+of which/whom〞或“of which/whom +限定词+名词〞换用。
●The house whose windows(=the windows of which或of which the windows) facethe street is my uncle’s.●This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.=This is the scientist, the achievement of whom are well known.=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.例句：1.The boy who/that was in the office yesterday is my brother.2.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.3.The work that/which has just been finished is very important.4.That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.5.This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.6.I still remember the day whenI first came to this school.7.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.8.I’d like to know the reason why you are so late.(3)关系代词与关系副词选用依据1. 在限制性定语从句中，用关系词that不用which的情况：1.I refuse to accept the blame for somehting ____ was someone else’s fault.2.Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweetsmile.3.All the presents ______ your friends gace you on your birthday should beput away.4.This is the very book ____ I have been looking for.5.He was late for the opening ceremony, ____was very surprising to me.(5)as 与which的用法区别as(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
专项十定语从句
[对点题组]
语法填空(用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空)
1. (2014·重庆，9)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the
beginning of the year.
答案which [句意：我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。
根据句子结构和句意可知，用定语从句，先行词为the sales targets，在从句中作动词set的宾语，引导词可用that/which或省略。
]
2．(2014·福建卷，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
答案where [句意：学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。
此处是一个定语从句，先行词是community activities，在从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导此定语从句。
]
3．(2014·湖南，31)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
答案when [句意：我一直盼望着这一天，我女儿能读到这本书并了解我对她的情感。
分析句子结构及语境可知，设空处为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day，且when在从句中作时间状语。
]
4．(2014·江西，28)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
答案which [句意：在这么多水手要面对的危险中，最大的危险可能就是雾了。
which 指代先行词the many dangers，在定语从句中作face的宾语。
]
5．(2014·江西，35)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
答案when [句意：爸爸叫醒我去看足球赛的时间是午夜。
根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查定语从句，从句中缺少时间状语。
此处关系副词when，在从句中作状语。
] 6．(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
答案which [句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。
本句是定语从句，先行词是the exact year，在从句中作spent的宾语，故用关系代词which。
] 7．(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
答案that [句意：请把你掌握的有关这个岗位人选的所有信息发给我们。
分析句子
成分可知，从句中缺“have”的宾语，故用关系代词，information被不定代词all修饰，故用that，而不用which。
]
8．(2014·四川，4)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
答案which [句意：到现在为止，我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这是完全没想到的。
根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。
此处关系代词which代指前面整个句子的内容，并在从句中作主语。
]
9．(2014·天津，12)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it differently.
答案which [句意：英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。
]
10．(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
答案whose [句意：来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可以寻求国外机会。
定语从句中缺少引导词且修饰名词profits，关系代词whose修饰从句中的名词profits且引导定语从句修饰先行词a company。
]。
