初中英语构词法汇总及练习
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英语构词法练习题一、基础练习A:名词后加“y”变成形容词sun---_________( ) wind -—-__________() cloud ——-__________()rain -——________( ) snow --—__________() fun-——__________( ) health —-—________()noise -——__________( )salt—-—__________( )luck -—-__________() sleep ———__________( ) sand -——__________( )B:名词后加“—ful" “—less”变成形容词care -——__________()__________()use--—__________( )__________( )colour---__________()_________( ) help-—-__________( )__________( )hope ---__________()__________( ) harm —-—__________( )__________( )success-—-________( ) wonder———_______( ) peace—-—__________()sleep ———__________( ) home-——__________( ) value———__________()C: 名词后加“—ern”变成形容词east—-—______( )west --—_______()south—-—_______( ) north—--__________( )D: 名词后加“-al"变成形容词person——-__________()education-——__________()tradition———__________( ) medicine--—__________() music —-—__________()nature--—__________( )E: 名词后加“—ly”变成形容词friend-——___________( ) love-——___________( ) week-—-__________( ) F:名词后加“——ous”变成形容词danger——-___________( ) mystery-—-___________( ) fame-—-__________( ) G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool——-___________( ) wood-——___________( ) gold--—__________()H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy——-___________( ) athlete——-___________( ) hunger--—___________() pride-——___________( ) death——-___________() science-——___________()knowledge---___________( )anger—--___________( )Africa---___________() America—-—___________( ) Asia—-—___________( ) Australia--—___________()I:动词变名词①work-——________(工作者) sing—-—________(歌手) teach-—-_________(教师)drive---_________(司机) write--—________(作家) dance———_________(舞蹈家)win——-_________(获胜者) run-—-___________(赛跑者) swim———_________(游泳者)act---_________(演员) collect---__________(收藏家) direct-—-___________(主管)visit———_________(参观者) invent-—-_________(发明家) translate-—-_______ _(翻译家)②educate--—___________(教育) describe-—-___________(描述) predict---___________(预言) collect—--___________(收藏) invent---___________(发明) build-—-___________(建筑物)③mean—-—___________(意思) meet———___________(会议) cross--—___________(路口)turn—-—___________(转弯处) decide---___________(决定) die———___________(死亡)④fly—--___________(飞行) know——-___________(知识) please——-___________(高兴)pronounce--—___________(发音) mix—-—___________(混合物)J:形容词的两种形式—ing/—edplease—-—___________(令人高兴的)---___________(感到高兴的)surprise-—-___________(令人惊讶的的) ---___________(感到惊讶的)excite———___________(令人兴奋的)—-—___________(感到兴奋的)interest—-—___________(令人感兴趣的)---___________(感兴趣的)worry———___________(令人担忧的) ---___________(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等K: 形容词的变化a: 形容词变副词。
初中英语构词法汇总及练习一。
概念 英语的构词法主要有:转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二。
相关知识点精讲1.转化法 英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:① Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________ ②He is a man of strong build。
______________________________ 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如:① Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________?②Please hand me the book。
____________________________________。
③She nursed her husband back to health。
______________________________。
④We lunched together。
__________________________________。
3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如: We will try our best to better our life。
___________________________________。
4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如: Murder will out。
中考英语构词法1.合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。
2.派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。
加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀,前缀改变词意,后缀改变词性。
【注意】形容词+-ly构成副词real- really,usual-usually,final- finally名词+-ly构成形容词friend-friendlylove-lovely3.转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类。
单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
(1)名词转化为动词show(n.)展览展示→show (v.) 表演展出hand(n.)手→ hand (v.)交给water(n.) 水→water (v.) 浇水colour(n.) 颜色→colour (v.) 给……着色(2)形容词转化为动词slow(adj.) 慢的→ slow(v.) 放慢clean (adj.) 干净的→clean (v.) 把……弄干净dry (adj.) 干的→ dry (v.) 使……变干empty (adj.) 空的→empty (v.) 使……变空(3)动词转化为名词walk(v.)步行→ walk (n.) 散步look (v.) 看→look (n.) 相貌常见的词型变化A.名词后加“y”变成形容词1.sun—sunny2.wind—windy3.cloud—cloudy4.rain—rainy5.snow—snowy6.fun—funny7.noise—noisy8.ice—icyB.名词后加“-ful”或“-less”变成形容词1.care—careful(小心的)—careless(粗心的)e—useful(有用的)—useless(无用的)3.help-helpful(有帮助的)-helpless(无帮助的)4.harm-harmful(有害的)-harmless(无害的)C. 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词1.east—eastern(东方的)2.west—western(西方的)3.south—southern(南方的)4.north—northern(北方的)D.名词后加“-al”变成形容词1.person—personal (个人的)cation—educational(有教育意义的)3.tradition—traditional(传统的)4.medicine—medical(医学的)E.名词后加“-ed”或“d”变成形容词1.talent—talented(有才能的)2.balance—balanced(均衡的)H.名词后加“-en”变成形容词1.wool—woollen(羊毛的)2.wood—wooden(木制的)I.名词转化为形容词的不规则变化1.energy—energetic (有活力的)2.athlete—athletic(体育运动的)3.hunger—hungry (饥饿的)4.pride—proud(自豪的)5.death—dead (死的)6.science—scientific (科学的)7.knowledge—knowledgeable (有知识的)8.anger—angry (生气的)9.Africa—African (非洲的)10.America—American(美国的) 11.Brazil—Brazilian(巴西的)12.Canada—Canadian(加拿大的)13.Italy—Italian(意大利的)14.Russia—Russian(俄罗斯的)15.Swede—Sweden(瑞士的)16.France—French(法国的)17.China—Chinese(中国的)18.England—English(英国的)19.Japan—Japanese (日本的)20. Britain—British (英国的)J.动词变名词1.teach—teacher (教师)2.drive—driver(司机)3.write—writer(作家)4.dance—dancer(舞蹈家)5.win—winner (获胜者)6.run—runner(赛跑者)7.visit—visitor (参观者)8.invent—inventor(发明家)9. translate—translator(翻译家)cate—educator(教育家)11. describe—description(描述) 12.predict—prediction(预言)13.collect—collection(收藏)14.decide—decision(决定)15.build—building(建筑物)16.mean—meaning(意思)17.die—death(死亡)18.fly—flight (飞行)19.know—knowledge(知识)20.please—pleasure(高兴)21. pronounce—pronunciation(发音)22.mix—mixture(混合物)K. 动词变形容词1.please-pleasing(令人高兴)-pleased(感到高兴的)2.surprise-surprising(令人惊讶的)-surprised(感到惊讶的)3.excite-exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(感到兴奋的)4.interest-interesting(令人感兴趣的)-interested(感兴趣的)5.worry-worrying(令人担忧的)-worried(感到担忧的)(类似单词有:amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等)L.形容词的变化1)形容词变副词quick—quickly(迅速地)strong—strongly(强烈地)heavy—heavily(重重地)angry—angrily(生气地)healthy—healthily(健康地)noisy—noisily(吵闹地)terrible—terribly(可怕地)possible—possibly(可能地)2)形容词变名词kind—kindness(善良)happy—happiness(幸福)warm—warmth(温暖)safe—safety(安全)confident—confidence(信心)important—importance(重要性)different—difference(差异)true—truth(真理)long—length(长度)honest—honesty(诚实)。
初中英语构词法一、构词法转化法(conversion)、合成法(Compounding)和派生法(Conversion)。
1.转化法(conversion)在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词●Let me have a try. 让我试试。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词●He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词●We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非。
●The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词●How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
●Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
十、构词法英语主要有三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
(一)转化法把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种的方法称作转化法。
1.由名词转化成动词,例如:care n.照顾,当心------ v. 关心,担心,照顾cook n.炊事员------v. 烹调water n.水------v. 浇水2.由形容词转化成动词,例如:empty adj.空的------v. 使空、变空free adj. 自由的------v. 使自由right adj. 正确的------v. 改正warm adj. 温暖的------v. 热起来;使温暖wet adj. 潮湿的------v. 使潮湿3.由形容词转化成名词,例如:right adj. 正确的------n. 正确,正义,公正wrong adj错误的------n. 错误4.有一些同形异类的双音节词,作动词时重音在后,作名词时重音在前,例如:record v. [ri’k C:d] 记录,录音;record n. [’ r ek C:d] 记录,唱片有个别词,作形容词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后,例如:perfect adj. [’p∂:f ikt] 完美的;perfect v. [p∂’fekt] 使完善5.有些词,因词尾有清辅音和浊辅音的差别而属不同词类。
一般说来,词尾发清辅音的多为名词,发浊辅音的多为动词。
词尾读音不同,拼法也常不一样。
但s和th既可读作清辅音,又可读作浊辅音,因而有时没有拼法的变化。
例如:advice [∂d’v ais] n. ; advise [∂d’v aiz] v.excuse [iks’kju:s] n. ; excuse [iks’kju:z] v.use [ju:s] ; use [ju:z] v.个别词拼法稍有差别,但读音相同,例如:practice n.; practise v.还有一些词在转变为另一词类时,元音和拼法同时发生变化,例如:food [fu:d]食物n. ; feed[fi:d]喂养,给以食物v.有些词既可作形容词又可作动词,词形不变而读音不同,例如:live adj. [laiv]活的,活泼的; v. [liv] 活着,生活(二)合成法两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法称作合成法。
构词法英语中的派生词的构成主要有三种:合成法,派生法,转化法。
一、合成法:定义:由两个或两个以上的单词合成构成单词。
1.合成法构成的名词:newspaper报纸(news 消息+paper纸=有消息的纸=报纸newspaper)blackboard 黑板(black 黑色的+board 甲板=黑色的板blackboard) necklace 项链(neck脖子+lace花边=脖子上的花边二项链necklace)flash-light手电筒(flash闪光的+light灯=闪光的灯二手电筒flash-light)haircut理发(hair头发+cut剪掉=剪掉头发=理发haircut) air-conditioning 空调(air空气+conditioning调节=调节空气=空调)htseeing 观光(sight 景象+seeing 看=看风景=观光sightseeing) sunrise日出(sun太阳+rise升起=太阳升起二日出sunrise)震rthquake地震(earth地球+quake颤抖=地球颤抖=地震)2.合成法构成的形容词: good-looking好看的(good 好的+looking外表=好的外表好好看的)hard-working勤奋的(hard努力的+working工作=努力工作=勤奋的)full-time专职的(full满的+time时间=时间满的二专职,全职)well-meant好意的(well 好的+meant意图=好意的)hand-made手工做的(hand 手+made制作=手动制作的)home-sick想家的(home家乡+sick渴望的=想家的)cold-blooded冷血的(cold 冷的+blooded血=冷血的)waterproof 防水的fresh-baked新烤的(fresh新鲜的+baked烘烤=新烤的)heartbreaking使人心碎的(heart 心+breaking破碎的=心碎的)3.合成法构成的动词:half-close 半关(half一半+close 关闭=半关)broadcast播送(broad宽广的+cast脱落=广泛传播=播送)half—hibernate 半冬眠(half 一半+hibernate 冬眠=半冬眠)whitewash粉刷(white白色的+wash洗=洗白=粉刷)4.合成法构成的副词:whenever 无论somewhere 某处however 然而wherever无论何处5.合成法构成的代词:myself我自己nobody没有人二、派生法:定义:指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词。
构词法练习11.That man was ___careful____(careful)enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his ___death____(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.3.The child looked ___sadly____(sad)at his brother who was badly wounded.4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _chemist___. (chemistry)5.The three- _legged______(leg)chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.6.Stephenson became the __leading_(lead)railway engineer in the world.7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths proble,Jacklooked_pridely____(pride)about at his classmates.8.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a__ practiced__(practice)smile.9.My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_latest__ (late)news about Iraq War?10.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ____length____. (long)11.To my____ joy____,(joy)I passed the exam easily.12.How___foolish____ he is! He is always acting ___foolishly_.He is really a ___fool_. (fool)13.The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great _value_.(value)14.There were_dangerous____(danger)fish in the river in South America.15.The child looked at me __strangely_____. (strange)16.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_freedom_______(free)bravely.17.The children live in a village _nearby__.(near)They come here almost every day.18.Mr Black is an _officer_in the army,not an _official___in thegovernment. You can not easily find him in his_office_____. (office)19.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep _healthy__. (health)20.___Honestly_____ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose. (honest)构词法练习题21. It’s October the _ninth__(nine). It’s my mother’s birthday.2. Congratulations!(恭喜) Both of you are the _winners____(win) of the match.3. Computers and printers are now _widely__(wide) used in many companies.4. She was so _careful___(care) that she took my umbrella by mistake.5 .Look at the sun. It always shines _brightly_(bright) in the sky.6. Miss Smith put the new dress on, and looked at __herself___ (she) in the mirror.7. I think the dictionary is _helpful__ (help) to your study.8. Don’t open your books. Please keep them _closed____.(close)9. Children should speak to old people __politely___(polite).10. The time is too short. It’s _impossible___(possible) for Daniel to finish this work.11. Paper catches fire _easily__(easy).12. My sister is _unhappy___(happy) now because she lost her money.13. You have to believe in _yourself__(you) . That’s the secret of success.14. I don’t like travelling by plane. I think it’s _unsafe___ (safe) to travel by air.15 .He speaks Chinese very well though he is a _Canadian____(Canada).16. You may be _worried__ (worry) if you are in trouble and have no oneto help you.17. It’s very _exciting__ to go hiking into the mountains. I’m _excited__ about it.(excite)18 .Beijing is such an _interesting___ city that I’m _interested__ in it very much. There are many places of __interest___(interest).19. The students are listening to the teacher _carefully__(care).20. He’s too old. But he __really__(real) loves plays.21. This lake is _dangerous__(danger) for swimmers.22 .There are a lot of _travellers___(travel) on the train.24. Geography is a _natural___(nature) science. Do you know?27. The driver was very _thankful__(thank) to the policeman for his help.28. Now there was enough light, so the doctor was able to see _clearly___(clear).29. Yunnan University has a long history. It has celebrated its _eightieth_ (eighty) birthday.30.Congratulations on crossing the channel _successfully___(success)!31. How can I improve my _spoken__(speak) English?32. It’s _sunny___(sun) today. Let’s go swimming.33. It rained _heavily____(heavy), so he didn’t go to work yesterday.34 .July is the _seventh___(seven) month of the year.35. Shanghai is in the _eastern___(east) past of China.36. Mrs. Smith smiled _happily___(happy) when she received a presentfrom her son on Mother’s Day.37. Go _across_(cross) the bridge. You’ll find the library on the left.38. The woman looked at the young man _angrily__(angry) and didn’t say a word.39. Rosa eats _less_(little) food than he sister.41. Children need time and _freedom__(free) to have fun.42 .I did rather _badly__(bad) in the race.44 .Lily felt sad because the bird was _died_(die).45 .He put his other shoe under his bed very _quietly__(quiet).47. Godless me! Your _pronunciation___(pronounce) is very good.48. Could you lend me your bike? Mine is _broken___(break).49. It’s a _rainy__ day. Do you still want to swim? (rain)50 .She _nearly__ missed the train this morning. ( near)51. The boy wants to be a _writer__ when he grows up. ( write).52. Her little daughter can study by herself now and the mother is very _pleased_.(please )53 .Are you sure the dish taste _good__? (good)54. When someone knocked at the door, the old man was just falling _asleep__(sleep)55 .Is he the best _player__ in the diving team? (play)56. My uncle _teaches__ me to play the violin every evening. (teacher)57. Mr. Smith is such an _honest__ man that we all trust him. ( honest)58. Today Linda’s parents are out, she has to stay at home _alone_. (lonely)59. What’s the weather like today? It’s _windy__. (wind)60. When spring comes, the snow disappears____(appears).。
初中英语构词法汇总及练习(一)一。
概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二。
相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词能够转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:①Let's go out for a walk。
我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build。
他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim。
咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词能够用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane 你订好飞机座位了吗②Please hand me the book。
请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health。
她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together。
我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词能够转化为动词。
例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions。
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词能够转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out。
(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
例如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral。
初中英语构词法汇总及练习一。
概念英语的构词法主要有:转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二。
相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:①Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________②He is a man of strong build。
______________________________2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________?②Please hand me the book。
____________________________________。
③She nursed her husband back to health。
______________________________。
④We lunched together。
__________________________________。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如:We will try our best to better our life。
___________________________________。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out。
(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
例如:People should be dressed in black at the funeral。
______________________________。
The old in our village are living a happy life。
__________________________________。
2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
例如:important重要的→___important appear出现→____appear消失correct正确的→___correct不正确的lead带领→___lead领错(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti- (反对;抵抗),auto- (自动),co- (共同),en- (使),inter- (互相),re- (再;又),sub- (下面的;次;小),tele- (强等。
例如:)调距离__lone单独的___gas防毒气的____chart自动图表cooperate合作__joy使高兴___net互联网___way地铁___phone电话___use再用2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。
后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。
例如:differ不同于→differ_____区别write写→write___作家Japan日本→Japan_____日本人act表演→act____女演员mouth口→mouth____一口music音乐→music_____音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。
例如:wide→wide___加宽beauty→beaut_____美化real→real____意识到organ→organ_____组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。
例如:nature自然→natur___自然的reason道理→reason____有道理的gold金子→gold___金的east东→east_____东方的child孩子→child_____孩子气的snow雪→snow___雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
例如:angry生气的→angr_____生气地to到→to______朝……,向……(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。
例如:six六→six____十六→six_______第十六four四→f_____四十→f______第四十3.合成法1)合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词________周末名词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词hand_____ 书法名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer_______名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑代词+名词she-wolf________动词+名词typewriter打字机动名词+名词reading-room_______现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词+名词gentleman_______副词+动词outbreak爆发介词+名词_______下午2)合成形容词名词+形容词snow-white_______ 名词+现在分词______________讲英语的名词+to+名词face-to-face________ 名词+过去分词man-made__________数词+名词one-way单行的数词+名词+形容词___________两岁的数词+名词+ed five-storeyed______ 动词+副词see-through透明的高尚的noble-minded ed 形容词+名词+high-class______ 形容词+名词形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的形容词+现在分词___________(相貌)好看的副词+形容词ever-green常青的副词+现在分词___________勤劳的副词+过去分词well-known著名的副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词downhill下坡的3)合成动词名词+动词sleep-walk_____ 形容词+动词white-wash粉刷副词+动词overthrow推翻4)合成副词形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词+副词_________到处副词+副词_________尽管如此介词+名词beforehand事先介词+副词_________永远5)合成代词代词宾格+self herself她自己物主代词+self myself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西6)合成介词副词+名词________在……里面介词+副词within在……之内副词+介词into进入4.截短法( 缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头telephone→_________ aeroplane→________ omnibus→_______2)去尾mathematics→______ examination→________kilogram→______ laboratory→______ taxicab→_______3)截头去尾influenza→flu ______ refrigerator→fridge __________5.混合法( 混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。
后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast电视播送smoke and fog→_______烟雾helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。
读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
_______________________________→VIP (读字母音)要人;大人物托福_______________Testing of English as a Foreign Language→练习A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词并写出中文意思。
) ) cloud ---__________( ) wind ---__________( sun---_________( rain ---__________( ) snow ---__________( ) fun---__________( ) health ---__________( ) noise ---__________( ) salt---__________( ) tourist ---__________( ) fur ---__________( )luck ---__________( ) sleep ---__________( ) sand ---__________( )B: 名词后加“-full”“-less”变成形容词并写出中文意思。
care ---__________( )__________( )use---__________( )__________( )colour---__________( ) __________( )help---__________( ) __________( )hope ---__________( )__________( )harm ---__________( ) __________( )success---__________( )wonder---__________( )peace---__________( )play---__________( )sleep ---__________( ) home---__________( )C: 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词并写出中文意思。