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2006-2015年首都医科大学考博生理原题及答案(自整理)名词解释：1、all-or-none (2012)细胞产生动作电位的特点是，当刺激强度小于阈刺激时，细胞不产生动作电位，当刺激强度等于或大于阈强度时，细胞即产生动作电位，且幅度不再加大，此种现象称为“全或无”。
即动作电位的大小不随刺激强度的改变而改变。
2、recurrent inhibition (2012)是指某一中枢的神经元兴奋时，其传出冲动沿轴突外传，同时又经轴突侧支去兴奋另一抑制性中间神经元，该抑制性神经元兴奋后，其活动经轴突反过来作用于同一中枢的神经元，抑制原先发动兴奋的神经元及同一中枢的其他神经元。
3、overdrive suppression (2012)当自律细胞在受到高于其固有频率的刺激时，就按外加刺激的频率发生兴奋，称为超速驱动。
在外来的超速驱动停止后，自律细胞不能呈现其固有的自律性活动，需经一段静止期后才逐渐恢复其自律性，这种现象称为超速驱动压抑。
4、renal threshold for glucose (2012)尿中不出现葡萄糖的最高血糖浓度。
OR：近端小管对葡萄糖的吸收有一定限度。
当血糖浓度达180mg/100ml 时，有一部分肾小管对葡萄糖的吸收已达极限，尿中开始出现葡萄糖，此时的血浆葡萄糖浓度称为肾糖阈。
5、transducer function of receptor (2012)各种感受器在功能上的一个共同特点，是能把作用于它们的各种形式的刺激能量转换为传入神经的动作电位，这种能量转换称为感受器的换能作用。
6、basic electrical rhythm (2011，2010，2006)指胃肠平滑肌细胞在静息电位基础上产生缓慢的节律性的自动去极化波，又称慢波。
7、local potential (2011，2009，2007，2006)阈下刺激作用于细胞，引起膜原有的得到电位发生轻微的改变，称为局部电位。
2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.T o discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。
2015医学考博试题2015年中山大学肿瘤防治中心分子医学专业考博试题生物化学（一）六选五1.米氏方程式公式是什么？Km，Vmax的意义。
三种可逆性抑制剂存在情况下，Km，Vmax的变化。
2.如何进行克隆的构建以及质粒的扩增与抽提？3.衰老的细胞分子机制（至少五点并作解释）。
4.分子量20KD，PI=5.5的核蛋白的抽提。
5.蛋白质的翻译后修饰及生理作用，写出修饰的氨基酸。
6.可以进行分子标记三种酶，并比较底物和作用方式。
细胞生物学六选五1.应用抗原抗体反应的分子生物学技术（至少五种）2.比较细胞自噬，细胞凋亡，细胞坏死3.细胞骨架的组成及如何调控胞质分裂和核分裂4.细胞周期各时期的物质合成5.膜泡运输的方式及调控2015中山医肿瘤学考博真题必答题（15*4）1. 良恶性肿瘤的区别2. 肿瘤三级预防的定义和方法3. 简述第二信使4. P53基因异常表达的形式选答题（6选2 20*2）5. 肿瘤化疗用药的原则6. NHL和HL的区别（病理类型上，治疗方案上）7. 食管癌手术的注意事项8. 乳腺癌放疗原则9. 对不起忘啦10. 肿瘤干细胞的定义和特征11. 实验设计题，给出肿瘤转移可能相关基因，设计实验进行功能验证12. 细胞周期各期特点和关键check-point2015年浙大考博专业基础课--病理与病理生理学真题（回忆版）病理学部分一、名词解释（3*8）：表观遗传学，细胞信号传导，DNA甲基化，凋亡，基因芯片，转录因子，异型性，癌前病变二、简答题（六选三，3*12）：1.简述病毒与肿瘤的关系。
2.请简述肿瘤的分子分型。
3.目前结直肠癌发生的分子机制有几种，请你谈谈你的评价。
4.消化道常见的溃疡性病变有哪些（至少4种）及其病理学特点及鉴别要点。
5.肿瘤上皮间质转化（EMT）的概念，它与肿瘤存在哪些联系，谈谈你所了解的机制。
6.免疫组织化学技术的概念及其应用范围。
病理生理学部分（四选二，2*20）1.抑癌基因失活的机制有哪些？请举例说明其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。
