商务英语中条件关系的表达及其翻译_彭漪

商务谈判中英语条件句的运用[摘要] 英语条件句是商务谈判中得语言特点之一.对商务谈判者来讲, 熟练运用和掌握英语条件句是必需具有得谈判技巧之一.商务谈判者在商务谈判中,恰如其分地掌握和使用好各种条件句,是使谈判获得成功得重要因素之一.[关键词] 英语条件句商务谈判运用一、前言国际商务谈判参与得双方为了协调、改善彼此得经济关系,满足贸易得需求,因此在商务谈判活动得每个环节都会提出一些符合己方利益得条件.如何提出和同意彼此得条件则是每个商务活动者必需掌握得一门艺术技巧.商务谈判者在商务谈判中,往往依照谈判得对象、所拟业务、时刻、地点、口头和书面得不同而恰如其分地掌握和使用好各种条件句,是使谈判获得成功得重要因素之一.二、英语条件句在商务谈判中得作用1虚拟条件句得作用(1)表示委婉语气.虚拟条件句在商务活动中,常用于表示请求、咨询、反对、否定或赞同等等得一种委婉语气.幸免生硬得要求和发生令人不愉快得事.如初次约定见面得时候,时刻对双方来讲基本上个重要得要素,因为各自得时刻日程基本上早有安排得,在和不人约定见面必需征求对方得同意,询咨询时用虚拟语气得口吻确实是对对方得一种尊重.假如己方特别想在有限得时刻内见到对方,能够把自己得情况简单做一讲明,这时能够用含有过去式得情态动词条件句向对方提出见面得时刻与缘故让对方考虑.对方自然也会依照具体情况会做出尽快地安排.例如：我方咨询:i shall be in beijing for a week and i should be grateful if you could let know the day and time which would suit you best, as i can then go ahead and fit in my other appointments 我将在北京逗留一星期时刻.wM我将特别感谢,假如您能告诉我什么时刻对您最合适,因为我将依此安排我其他得日程.对方答：i shall be pleased to see you at 11:30 on 9 june and would be grateful if you would confirm the appointment on your arrival in beijing我会非常快乐于6月9日上午11:30接待您,并将特别感谢,假如您能在抵达北京后再确认一下.(2)拒绝劣势.虚拟条件句本来确实是表示与过去、现在或今后得实际情况相反得.因此,在商务谈判中,高超得谈判家正是利用相反效果来达到表示赞同或否定意见.当对方表示出高傲神态,岐视我方得产品时,我们能够采纳委婉语气,换位让对方来考虑.使用虚拟条件句能够幸免自己处于不利得地位,同时又不得罪对方.例如：you might feel the same way if you were sitting in my scat假如你坐在我得位置上,你会有同样得感受得.2真实条件句得作用（1)表达真实准确无误得信息.商务谈判双方既可能存在冲突得利益,实际上还可能存在共同点或许彼此能够兼容得利益.一项合同谈判得背后会有许多得利益因素.商务谈判者必须分析交易双方得利益所在,认清哪些利益关于我方是特别重要得,是决不能让步得；哪些利益是能够让步得,是能够交换得条件?有经验得谈判者会用对自己不重要得条件去交换对对方无所谓得、但对自己却非常在意得一些条件.如此得谈判才是双赢得谈判.专门是在正式签约文书上要做到准确无误.例如,办理运输关于买方可能没有任何优势,那么卖方就能够以cif签订合同.但如买方觉得办理保险是特别重要得,那么,卖方也能够在取得尽快交货得前提下,与对方签订cfr合同.这是一份合同中有关保险得内容条款：in case the contractis concluded on cif basis,the insurance shall be effected by the seller for110% of invoice value covering al lrisks,war risk,srccrisks (iestrikes,riot,and civil commotions)(在到岸价基础上订立得合同, 将由卖方按发票金额110% 投保综合险、战争险、罢工险、暴乱险和民变险.)由于涉及到双方或几方面得利益, 用英语拟订、书写这些商务合同、文件或条约时,所给得定义、条款和内容必须做到精确无误,除用词恰当外, 还经常使用从句、短语用来修饰和限定其内容.此句中就用了in case 引导得条件状语从句.(2)在谈判中用于讨价还价.在谈判过程中,当对方提出可行性建议时,我方还没有把握了解对方得真实意图时,可使用以下如此得条件句型：“let us assume that we agree on that … unless”“我们同意...除非...”.这既赞同对方意见,同时又为自己今后补救打下基础.例如：your proposal appears to be acceptable let us assume that we agree on that point, unless i find any objectionable in them您得建议大概是可行得.我方同意那一点,除非发觉有什么令人不快得地点.在对方尚未完全同意我方条件之前,往往还会做些最后得讨价还价得努力.常用句型有：“we’ll accept …if you accept …”“假如你方同意...我方会考虑同意...”此句型明确告诉对方我方会同意得条件,作为交换,对方应该同意我方提出得条件.(3)使用真实条件句起到最后迫使对方同意. 在谈判最后时期可能有两种情况：一种是比较好得预期；一种是陷入谈判破裂得僵局.因此在商务谈判中,探求对方得真实利益所在,我们必须表明在做出最后情愿让步得条件时使对方也让步.例如：we’ll consider accepting your proposal on idems 6 and 8, if , as a package deal, you accept our proposal on idems 3 and 9我方会考虑同意贵方第6、8项条款,而作为一揽子交易,贵方应同意我方得第3、9项条款.万一对方仍然不肯作进一步让步,那我们再讲如此得话即使生硬,也是迫不得已了：if you insist on your price and refuse to make any concession, there will be not much point in further discussion 假如你方坚持自己得价格,而不肯做出让步得话,我们没有必要再谈下去了.或：if the price is higher than that, we’d rather call the whole deal off 假如价格比这高,我们情愿放弃这笔交易.”这等因此下最后得通牒了,因此语气比较生硬.因为尽管语言上较为生硬,然而也没有完全失去对对方能在最后一刻做出让步得盼望.有时情况往往基本上绝处逢生. 3含蓄条件句在商务英语中得作用含蓄条件句是指不含if引导得条件句.最常见得有动词或其它词类变化而来得名词化结构得句子.名词化结构句子往往含有条件、缘故、目得等语义.这是英语中得一种意合句式.英语名词化结构得句子常用于英语信函、文件正式文体中.商务英语所用语言正式、精炼,用词严谨、规范,常有一定得格式和套话.这是商务英语外贸应用文中询价函电中常用得句型之一：“ your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated如蒙早日答复我方得具体询价,将不胜感激.”句中主语reply是由动词变化而来得名词,整个主语部分含有条件语义.4条件咨询句在商务谈判中得作用条件咨询句（conditional question）确实是“一个条件句+一个咨询句”组成,那个咨询句能够是特别咨询句或者一般咨询句.典型句型有两个：“what +… if…?” 和”if …+ then?”.在国际商务活动中,使用条件咨询句具有非常多得特别优点：(1)猎取对方信息.在谈判得发盘和还盘时期,能够用条件咨询句试探性得进一步了解对方得具体情况,以便修改自己得发盘或还盘.例如：我方咨询:what would you do if we agree to a two-year contract?对方答:what if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order?从对方回答中,我们能够推断对方关怀得是长期合作.那么这一新信息对以后得谈判会有关心.(2)互相让步.用条件咨询句构成得发盘和提案是以对方同意我方条件为前提得,换句话讲,只有当对方同意我方得发盘时,我方得发盘才成立.因此,我们可不能单方面受发盘得约束,也可不能使任何一方作单方面得让步,只有互相让步,才能是交易成功.(3)(寻求共同点.假如对方拒绝我们得条件,我们能够其他条件构成新得条件咨询句,进行新一轮发盘,对方也可能用条件咨询句向我方还盘.双方都在做互相让步,直至达成重要得共同点.(4)代替否定no.在国际商务谈判中,尽量幸免直截了当使用“no”这种生硬得拒绝语气,这会显得不礼貌,容易使谈判陷入僵局,导致谈判得失败.如当对方提出我们不能同意得要求时,能够用条件咨询句得形式.例如：large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market the quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 yuanhow can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set?近来,在当地市场有大量得国产洗衣机十分畅销.它们得质量不错,价格仅为每台190元.假如我们以每台380元得价格进口你方得产品,如何能够卖得出去呢?(梭伦,2001)如此咨询可不能因为自己拒绝对方而失去对方得合作,反而是让对方自己拒绝了自己得要求.如此能够保留今后得接着合作得可能.(5)幸免因异国文化不同交流而产生歧义得误会.世界各国得文化是各不尽相同得.因此,在国际商务活动中,常常会因不同国家得文化交流产生歧义得误会.因此,为了幸免发生误会,常常采纳释义法.而使用条件咨询句确实是一种非常委婉得方法.三、结语英语条件句在商务谈判活动中,其语言特征和出现得使用频率都值得我们认真研究.商务英语作为专业英语得一个分支,越来越显得其在国际商务活动中得重要性.参考文献：[1]梭伦:《有用英语谈生意》[m]北京:中国纺织出版社,2001年,54,57,58,555[2]刘春环:商务英语得语言特点及翻译[j]上海:外语研究,2006年6月号下旬刊[3]曹菱赵雪梅张平赵蕾:商务英语谈判[m]北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2001,41[4]刘园李魁郑毅:《国际商务谈判》（第二版）[m]北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2006年,174～176。

Text 1 Culture and Communication 文化与交际(翻译官：彭炳铭2019.9.20.)Paragraph 1.The term “culture” comes from anthropologists’ studies of human societies. 文化这一术语出自人类学家对人类社会的研究。

Culture is the particular configuration of behaviors, norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and basic assumptions that differ from society to society .文化是由特定行为、道德规范、态度、价值观、信仰、和基本假说等要素构成，这些要素因社会不同而不同。

This means that culture is not “objective” in the sense that phenomena in the natural world are (or seem to be ) objective.意思是：大自然的现象都是客观的，在这个意义上讲，文化就不是“客观的”。

Culture can look different depending upon who does the looking, when they look and from what direction.1/ 20文化看起来是不同的，这有赖于谁在看、何时看、从什么方向（角度）来看。

This makes culture difficult to grasp. 这就使得文化很难掌握。

Paragraph 2.Culture has been defined in many ways but a classic definition is : 文化的定义是多方面的，但有一个经典的定义是：Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups … the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.”【译文】文化包含各种外显和内隐的行为模式，这些行为模式通过符号习得和传播，构成了人类群体与众不同的成就。

没有存货 out of stock成立 establish取消协议 cancel the contract交货方式 method of delivery满足市场需要 meet the market demand市场占有率 the market share维护良好客户关系 maintain good relations with our customers 最畅销的 the best-selling product汽车零配件 automotive components装运告知 the shipping advice付款方式 the terms of payment来函问盘 enquiry为大批订购打折10% offer a quantity discount of up to 10%整批购入 the complete stock电汇TT telegraphic transfer订购 place an order不同付款方式 propose a different payment订好货位 book the freight space电传 telex付全款remit the full amount打包装船 packed and shipped尚有存货 in stock提货单一式两份 bill of lading in duplicate发票面值120%的保险单the insurance policy for 120% of invoice value部分装运 partial shippment直航 direct sailing库存货品 the goods in stock请参看 we refer to\打字机 typewriter按成本加运费价格制定made on a C&F basis 成本加保险和运费 CIF延误运货 delay in shipping必要保险事宜 necessary insurance coverage扣除 deduct佣金 commission payment常见公司/公司部门英文名称总公司 Head Office分公司 Branch Office营业部 Business Office人事部 Personnel Department人力资源部 Human Resources Department总务部 General Affairs Department财务部 General Accounting Department销售部 Sales Department促销部 Sales Promotion Department国际部 International Department出口部 Export Department进口部 Import Department公共关系 Public Relations Department广告部 Advertising Department企划部 Planning Department产品开发部 Product Development Department研发部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室 Secretarial Pool经济词汇保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non-performing loan层层转包和违法分包mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城乡居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城乡职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计foolow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state-owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation协议管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro-active fiscal policy基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision 经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购公司grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运营 closed operation of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场 grain sales market劣质工程 shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges,fund-raising,quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道 financing channels商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构 social security institution失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资公司 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“台独” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Unit 2Text 1 课文译文翻译官：彭炳铭2019-10-5Becoming an Effective Communicator 要成为一个有效的沟通者Para. 1 文化和商务有何关系呢？很多潜心研究金融预测、市场调研和管理模型等问题的商务专业人士和从业者都避开文化和文化如何影响商务这些问题。

文化是柔性的、变化不定的，不像有些问题可以通过测量获得确实的数据。

人们不可能用双手真正地捕捉到它，甚至不一定了解自身所接触到的文化。

Para. 2 越来越多的组织发现自己卷入了跨文化交际中，因为他们正在国外经商或者正从别国采购资源，或者在寻求他国资金支持，或者拥有日益增多的跨文化工厂车间。

Para. 3由于这些迁移，来自多样背景的、语言不同的人们在很多国家并肩工作。

上班时的跨文化沟通不再是遥远未来的目标，而是眼下此时此刻必需的事情。

Para. 4 跨文化沟通能力被广泛地认为是一个人在既定环境里其行为是否恰当和有效的一种印象。

通常工作能力被认为是一种熟练的行为能力。

Para. 5 恰当（appropriateness）就意味着不能违反那些关系中重要的规则、行为规范和期望。

效能（effectiveness）是指相对于成本和替代物而言的重要目标的实现或报酬的获得。

有了这两个标准，在跨文化环境中的沟通才是令人满意的。

只有那些既恰当又有效的国际商人才能达到跨文化最佳商务沟通者的标准要求。

下面例子将说明恰当与效能的区别。

布赖恩.霍尔兹(Brian Holtz)是一个美国商人，被公司派到泰国做公司的办公室主任。

塔里先生（Thani）是公司泰国曼谷分部的重要的副经理，最近上班总是迟到。

霍尔兹不得不决定如何处理这一问题。

经过深思熟虑，他有四种策略：（1）私下找塔里问缘由并告诉他上班要准时；（2）忽略这个问题不管；（3）下次再迟到就公开训斥他；（4）私下讨论时，建议说自己在帮他找一个助理来处理其部下上班迟到的问题，并征求他的意见：如何处理。

商品交换或贸易exchange or trade for goods国外直接投资- foreign direct investment有价证券投资- portfolio investments有效经营effective operation or operate effectively 普通合伙企业- general partnership董事会- board of directors资本摊缴- capital contribution优先股股东- preferred stockholder公司章程- articles of incorporation最终消费者（用户）- ultimate consumer存货控制- inventory control市场分区（分片）- market segment购买动机motivation to purchase采购制度to request bids产品规格product specifications可自由支配收入discretionary income市场总销售total market sales分销渠道channels of distribution促销技巧promotional techniques扩展性的货币政策an expansionary monetary policy 紧缩性的货币政策 a restrictive monetary policy经济萧条economic depression1.to differ from … -to be different from ..Technical know-how differs from technology in a sense技术诀窍在某种意义上不同于技术2.to put emphasis on … -to attach importance to ..The government has put mush emphasis on the exportation of mechanical and electrical products.政府特别重视机械和电气的出口业务3.to be likely to .. –to be possible to ..The present inflation is likely to end up in a few months since the government is taking strong measures to cope with it.目前的通胀很可能在几个月内结束，当政府开始采取强有力的措施应对他4.to be unfamiliar with .. –to be unknown to ..It’s difficult to be a qualified salesman if you are unfamiliar with import and export procedures这很难成为一个合格的推销员，如果你不熟悉进出口手续5.to have impact on .. –to have influence on 对。

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. global company : 跨国公司an organization, that than the home country. （维基百科）2. joint venture : 合资企业--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together.（柯林斯词典）3. merger & acquisition : 并购--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.--transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer. 5. listed company : 上市公司company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）6. Industrial complex : ⼯业⽣产基地--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.8. specialty shop : 专卖店--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.9. household name 家喻户晓的名字-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.10. loss-maker : 亏损企业--a biz that continually makes no profit.11. home country : 祖国，母国--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.12. quota : 配额，定额，限额--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.13. market economy : 市场经济--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.14. new economy : 新经济--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers.（朗⽂词典）15. labor force : 劳动⼒--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.16. bubble economy :--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的operation.17.venture capital : 风险资本--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. --Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）18. biz cycle : 商业周期--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗⽂词典）20. product life cycle : 产品⽣命周期--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of fourstages, namely, introduction投⼊期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.21. Seed money=seed capital启动资⾦--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗⽂词典）22. liquidity 流动资产--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现⼒23. exchange rate 汇率--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

戴若愚老师dryswjtu@许健，你好！附件是本期上课要讲的内容。

我们上课的教材是《工商管理英语教程》主编张初愚西安交通大学出版社，当当网上好像有售，请转告同学们，谢谢！戴Unit 01 Language―(1) An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which originates at or below the surface. (2) There are two main causes of earthquakes. (3) They can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions or can be triggered by tectonic activity, with the latter being the cause of most earthquakes. ‖―(1) 地球内部物质不停的运动，会产生一股作用于岩层的巨大力量。

(2) 当这股力量积累到一定程度时，可使一些岩层发生弯曲、变形。

(3) 一旦岩层承受不了这种变化的时候，就会发生急剧的破裂、错动，引起强烈振动，这种振动就是我们平时所说的地震。

‖Gold, a precious metal, is prized for important characteristics. Gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. It is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished, and will remain beautiful forever. A Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Important characteristics of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. It has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts‘ suits. Gold is treasured for its beauty, for it utility.―虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。

Chapter 1The Long March1．China’s economic development in 20032. Grey Worldwide:课文讲解1．which is image-driven (p. 1)2．joint venture (p.2)venture 一词的含义是：a business enterprise involving some risk in expectation of gain, 即“追求利润但有某些风险的企业”，因此joint venture在此是指“合资企业”。

3. distribution channels (p.2)distribution channel是指the set of firms and individuals that take title, or assist in ransferring title, to the particular product or service as it moves from the producer to the consumer（在产品和服务从生产商向消费者转移的过程中取得这些产品或服务的所有权或者帮助转移所有权的企业和个人）。

实际上它指的就是我们平常所说的middlemen（中间商），主要包括批发商(wholesaler)和零售商(retailer)。

4. premium brands (p. 2)这里指的是products regarded as superior in quality and sold at a higher price，高档品牌的商品。

5. status-conscious domestic consumers (p.2)对社会地位十分敏感的国内消费者，也就是，为了满足虚荣心、显示自己的社会地位或表明自己属于社会上层而不惜大把花钱买高价商品或进口商品的人。

6．Meidi (p. 2)广东美的电器公司，在澳大利亚、加拿大、欧洲、中国香港、南美，和美国等地设立了办事处。

・经贸翻译・商务英语中条件关系的表达及其翻译3彭　漪 于　鑫(北京科技大学外国语学院ypeng@sic1ustb1edu1cn youyouworld010@yahoo1com1cn北京市100083)摘　要　英语中表达条件关系的方式有多种,如状语从句、定语从句等。

商务英语条件句翻译的基本要求之一是表达出英文中明确的或隐含的条件关系。

明确的条件关系很易识别,但是隐含的条件关系则难于确定。

本文从条件关系的显化和隐含的角度出发,着重探讨商务英语中条件关系的表达法,并分析其翻译方法。

关键词　条件关系　商务英语　状语从句　定语从句Abstract　I n English,there are a nu mber of structures exp ressing conditi onal relati on such as the adverbial clause,the attributive clause,etc1One of the require ments for the translati on of conditi onal relati on clauses in business English is t o exp ress clearly the conditi onal relati on which is exp licitly or i m p licitly indicated in English clauses1The exp licit conditi onal relati on is easily discerned1However,the i m p licit conditi onal relati on is hard t o detect1The pur pose of this paper is t o discuss structures exp ressing conditi onal relati on in business English and t o analyze their translati on1Key W ords　conditi onal relati on business English adverbial clause attributive clause1　引　言条件关系句在商务英语中的使用很普遍。