新目标大学英语系列教材：综合教程第四册主编刘正光胡志雯

第一单元Key to ExercisesText AReading Comprehension 1. A.B.C.Once you let go of that self-consciousness, you can interact without it getting in the way.2. A.2) our opinion of our own looks3) self-appraisal4) self-image5) self-judgment6) self-concept7) self-aware8) self-consciousness9) a picture of ourselvesB.2) a system inside one’s brain that helps gather data for the self-judgment of one’s appearance.3) It refers to what psychologists call the built-inhot-or-not meter.4) In psychology, it refers to the measures of a personality trait in public.5) the psychological system that tends to overstate or understate a particular personality trait.Reading and Discussing3.1) Because the social status of women is often contingent upon their faces and bodies, they are particularly susceptible to the “contrast effect”.2) Yes. With correct understanding of yourself, you know exactly what you really want to do, what you can do, and what level you can reach. With a clear goal, strong determination and diligence, you will succeed one day. Language in Use4. A.B.1) a. exceptionally b. exceptional2) a. anonymous b. anonymously3) a. validate b. validation4) a. susceptible b. susceptibility5) a. adolescents b. Adolescence6) a. gleamed b. gleam7) a. liable b. Liability8) a. exclusive b. exclusively5.1) compare with2) zero in on3) are fixated on4) get in the way5) in a favorable light6) fix myself up6. A.1) self-discipline2) self-propelled3) self-evident4) self-motivated5) self-assured6) self-employed7) self-critical8) self-destruct9) self-made10) self-centered11) self-abandoned12) self-organizeB.1) self-motivated2) self-perceptions3) self-evident4) self-organize5) self-employed6) self-critical7) self-made8) self-centered9) self-destruct10) self-assured; self-conscious7.1) a. estimate b. appraise c. evaluate d. assessed2) a. declared b. announced c. broadcast3) a. cancelled b. withdrew c. abolished4) a. stimulate b. motivated c. activates5) a. synthesize b. combine c. incorporate8.1) ……即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。

2) 这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不因外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。

3) 这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，而是一直在自发地进行着。

4) 相比而言，男女在评估智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比较，而倾向采用一个更普通的标准。

5) 当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。

9.Research has shown that in both sexes and across numerous cultures, especially from adolescence, good-looking people are often evaluated to be ones with exceptional personality traits. Why should this be so Some people have perceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someone with attractive physical appearance and someone with good moralcharacter, we automatically mix them up. But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive.Text BReading Comprehension1.Language in Use2.1) a. rehearsing b. rehearsals2) a. visualization b. visualize3) a. ignition b. ignited4) a. endeavor b. endeavor5) a. initiate b. initial3.A. 1) abide by 2) stand by3) stuck by 4) swears byB. 1) put to death 2) put to the test3) put to work 4) put to use4.1) 他说：“每次挥杆前，我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过程。

”2) 问题的关键是真正去做一件事。

3) 加菲尔德说，心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做演讲、参与会面等日常业务问题中。

4) 《创意想象》一书的作者沙克蒂•高文说：“最重要的是让创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分。

”5) 还有，如果意象不清晰，你不要着急。

WritingExercise 11) For the past two years, no order has been given to us.2) We are afraid that we cannot comply with your request.3) Would you please compare our goods with those of other firms4) We hope you will effect a full statement of our claim.5) We request your immediate payment.6) We presume that there must be some reason for your having trouble with this delivery.7) We will be glad to refund when returned items are clean and resalable.8) We would like to make it clear that we only accept L/C for further transactions.第二单元Listening and Speaking1.About 10,000 years ago, man assumed the 1) habit of living in more or less permanent settlements, and his relationships to the animal world began to undergo 2) profound changes. At the same time, great climatic changes, and perhaps 3) human activities as well, had reduced many larger mammalian species, especially those used as food, to very small populations. Major 4) extinction events began to occur. In response to dwindling and unreliable resources, 5) human agriculturaltechnology developed. Humans began to move from hunter/gather mode to a mode of actively 6) domesticating plants and animals for food resources. The second great surge in human progress with its ensuing increase in population occurred when man learned how to 7) cultivate plants and tame and domesticate animals at levels that allowed for the development of larger settlements. Human plant gathering activities had led to 8) intimate knowledge of plant productivity cycles, and human hunters undoubtedly had often taken young canine animals into their camps as pets and companions. They would have become 9) familiar with the animal growth and breeding cycles, diseases and behaviors of these young animals. The animals would have benefited from the availability of food and shelter. It seems safe to speculate that they would have bonded andgrew to be hunting assistants to their 10) human companions as they would have i n the progenitor’s pack.2. TipsEndangered animals are animals that are in danger of becoming extinct. Animals are identified as being endangered either because there are already too few of them living in the wild, or even in captivity; or because their continued existence is threatened by a changing environment which results in them losing access to adequate food or living conditions. The way to understand what is meant by “too few” is that their reproductive rates are lower than their mortality rates.The industrialization of human societies and the globalization of the human culture have resulted in dramatic environmental changes in the past two centuries. These changes have been too fast for too many of the earth’s creatures to survive. Although many an imals have been endangered through the ages, the threat to animals is greater now than ever before.Text AReading Comprehension1.A.The interviewee’s personal informationJane Goodall, 76 years old, is a world- famous primatologist.Her research She studies animal behavior and animal emotions among the wild chimpanz ees.Her major achievemen t She revolutionized our understanding of animal behavior and proved that the difference between humans and apes is one of degree, not of kind.The subject of the interviewHer research on wild chimpanzees.Paragraphs Focuses of the interview Key points of Jane Goodwill’s responses Paras. 6-13The purpose:to preserve the endangered speciesThe methods:1) captive breeding 1) She doesn't like captive breeding, but it does help the endangered animals survive and breeParagraphs Focuses of the interview Key points of Jane Goodwill’s responses2) actions of the animal rights group of PETA3) vegetarianism d in the wild.2) She doesn’t support the extreme actions of P ETA.3) Heavy meat eating is damaging to the environm ent and human health.Paras. 4-5, 14-15Her new discoveries aboutthe wild chimpanzeesDifferences between human beings and chimpanzees:1) Very small difference (biologically): only about a 1 percent difference in DNA;2) Big difference (intellectually): human's spoken language, which triggers the development of intellect, a unique ability to discuss and share our feelings, the ability that enables us to develop a moral code.Similarities between human beings and chimpanzees:1) From the anatomical perspective:Almost the same, though the human brain is bigger.2) From the psychological perspective:Chimpanzees share the humana. qualities like love, compassion, and altruism;b. feelings and emotions like happiness and sadness, fear and despair, anger, and others;3) From the intellectual perspective:Chimpanzees have intellectual abilities once thought to be unique to human beings:understand abstract symbols, generalize, and learn sigh language.Paras. 16-19The current situation1) The situation of the planet is worse off in most ways because of the soaring population and damage to the ecosystem.2) A number of men express their love and respectto her for her work with the chimpanzees. Paras. 20-21The prospects of the futureThere is hope if we keep trying.2.1) animal behavior2) an interview3) characteristics4) qualities5) emotions6) spoken language7) degree8) captive breeding9) survive and breed10) ecosystem11) pioneering12) worse offReading and Discussing3.For reference1) Because they are not capable of evil, such as deliberate torture. They do not have the intellect to think this way.2) Open-ended.Language in Use4.1) triggers2) isolation3) compassion4) diminish5) extinct6) formulated7) Captive8) inflicting9) intellect10) alternates5.1) in favour of2) The bottom line3) better off4) as is the case with5) on the road6) as a last resort7) worse off8) think twice6.1) a resentment against her parents2) get more laughter3) torture on him4) the evolution of dozens of species5) The charge of rape6) got the first place7.1) a. deadb. vanishedc. extinct2) a. intenseb. concentratedc. Intensive3) a. brilliantb. intelligentc. smart4) a. exactb. precisec. accurate8.Reference translation1) 如果我们相信人类和黑猩猩源自共同的祖先，那么，人性的阴暗和高贵这两种特质可能都是经过漫长历史演化而来的。