英语基础语法
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英语基础语法:一般将来时一、用法一般将来时表示将来发生的事。
常与tomorrow, next year等时间状语连用。
二、构成通常有以下七种方式表示将来,注意它们各自的区别。
■由will 加动词原形构成,当主语是第一人称时,也可以用shall 加动词原形。
如:Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话,我会在家。
I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。
注意:1. will还可用来表示同意或“不能”。
如:Come and see me tomorrow. Yes,I will. 明天来找我。
——好的。
一Don’t be late. 一No,I won’t. 别来晚了。
——不会晚的。
The car won’t start. 车开不了啦。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
2. 表示临时的决定,只能用will 加动词原形。
如:-You’ve left the light on. 你忘记关灯了。
-Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off. 啊!那我去关。
3. 在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。
如:Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你就会通过考试。
4. 在条件句中表示将来不用will,而用一般现在时、be going to(打算) 或be to(为人所控制的动作) 等。
若你见到在条件句中用了will,那will 就是表示“愿意”的情态动词。
如:Let her do that if she will. 如果她愿意,就让她那样做。
■am/is/are going to 加动词原形,表示主语的意图或打算将来做的事。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 你打算明天做什么呢?The play is going to be produced next month. 这出戏下月开播。
注意:已有迹象表明将要发生的事,只能用am/is/are going to+动词原形。
如:Look at the dark clouds; it’s going to rain. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
■be to加动词原形,仅用于表示正式的公务安排、公告指示、义务、禁止等。
如:You’re to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你应该报警的。
You’re not to (=mustn’t) tell him anything about our plans. 你不要把我们的计划透露给他。
注意:1. 这与不定式作表语不同:My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。
2. be to强调客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to则强调主观的打算或计划。
■be about to加动词原形,表示即将或马上要做某事。
如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do不能与表示将来时间的状语连用。
■am/is/are on the point of加动词的-ing形式,表示“就要”做某事,也不能与表示将来的时间状语连用。
如:Look! They’re on the point of starting! 看!他们就要开始了!■一般现在时表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
■现在进行时表示将来,主要用于go, come, leave, start等表示去向的短暂性动词。
如:I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
英语基础语法:过去将来时一、用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情。
二、构成过去将来时由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成, 也可由was/were on the point of加动名词构成。
I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。
I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。
注:在过去将来时中,所有人称都用would,尤其在口语中。
只有个别情况才用should。
如:We knew we should win. 我知道我们会赢。
I told her that I was leaving soon. 我告诉她我们很快就要离开。
We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的。
When we arrived, the train was just going to start. 我们到达时,火车正要启动。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正在离开,电话铃响了。
I was on the point of going when you came in. 我正要出去你来了。
The talk was due to last for three days. 会谈将进行三天。
将来进行时用法说明1. 将来进行时的基本用法将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作:Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时,我太太可能正在看电视。
2. 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别(1)两者基本用法不一样:将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作,一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么?将来完成时用法解说1. 将来完成时的基本用法表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作,由“will [shall]+have+过去分词”构成:He will have arrived by now. 他现在应当已经到了。
He will have gone back to England.他想必回英国去了。
When we get there,she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。
On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一,他在英国就满三年了。
2. 现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别现在完成时以现在时间为参照点,表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态,过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点,表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态,将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点,表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态:He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。
He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样,在表示时间或者条件的状语从句,通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时,而不能直接使用将来完成时:I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。
若不强调动作的完成(且不致于引起歧义),有时也可用一般现在时:I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。
1. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.A. look, haveB. looking, hadC. look, hadD. looking, have2.“What’s his name?” “I _____.”A. forgetB. forgotC. had forgottenD. am forgetting3. Your mother _____, however, say that to us that day.A. doesB. didC. is doingD. was doing4. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.A. developB. are being developedC. are developingD. have developed5. I _____ your last point — could you say it again?A. didn’t quite catchB. don’t quite catchC. hadn’t quite caughtD. can’t quite catch6. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.A. was to meetB. have metC. had metD. would meet7.They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.A. are expectedB. have expectedC. are expectingD. will expect8.“I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”A. didn’t finishB. haven’t finishedC. hadn’t finishedD. wasn’t finishing9.“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”A. comes, comesB. will come, will comeC. comes, will comeD. will come, comes10. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.A. is dated fromB. was dated fromC. dates fromD. dated from11. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.A. wasB. had beenC. would beD. would have been12.You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.A. will missB. have missedC. are missingD. had missed13.I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it?A. tookB. has takenC. will takeD. had taken14.You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years.A. don’t meetB. haven’t metC. hadn’t metD. couldn’t meet15. I think you must be mis taken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been16.—Don’t put the waste on the ground.—Oh, I’m very sorry. I _____the dustbin there.A. don’t seeB. isn’t seeingC. didn’t seeD. haven’t see17.—How is the weather in your country this summer?—It _____as much as it does now for a long time.A. hasn’t rainedB. doesn’t rainC. wasn’t rainingD. didn’t rain18.—Does Liu Hui serve in the army?—No, but he _____in the army for three years.A. servedB. has servedC. is servingD. would serve19.—Sorry. I _____to post the letter for you.—Never mind. _____it myself after school. A. forget; I’d rather post B. forgot; I’ll postC. forgot; I’m going to postD. forget; I’d better post20.Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith _____, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. had just left C. just left D. was just leaving21.—What were you doing when I phoned you last night?—I _____my painting and was starting to take a bath.A. have already finishedB. was finishingC. had just finishedD. was going to finish22.You _____television. Why not do something more active?A. always watchB. are always watchingC. have always watchedD. have always been watching23.I have been studying computer for several years and I still _____.A. haveB. doC. have beenD. am24.Jane was disappointed that most of the guests________ when she ________at the party.A. left; had arrivedB. left; arrivedC. had left; had arrivedD. had left; arrived25.The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lostB. thought; had lostC. think; had lostD. thought; have lost●模拟解析●1.C。