中西翻译简史第10章ppt课件
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I. 原文(Source Text)灰尘的旅行(一)灰尘是地球上永不疲倦的旅行者,它随着空气而飘流,可以说是无孔不入。
我们周围的空间,从室内到室外,从城市到野外,从平原到山区,从沙漠到海洋1,几乎处处都有灰尘的行踪2。
真正没有灰尘的空间,只有在实验室里才能制造出来。
在晴朗的天空下,灰尘是看不见的,只有在太阳的光线射进黑暗的房间的时候,才能够看到无数的灰尘3在空中飘舞。
大的灰尘肉眼可以看见,小的灰尘比细菌还小,用显微镜4也观察不到。
根据检验的结果,在干燥的日子里,田野和高山的空气里,每一立方厘米5只有几十粒灰尘;在海洋上空的空气里,每一立方厘米大约有一千多粒灰尘;在城市街道上的空气里,每一立方厘米大约有十万粒以上的灰尘;在住宅区的空气里,灰尘还要多得多。
这样多的灰尘在空中旅行,对气象变化产生了很大影响。
原来灰尘还是制造云雾和雨点的小工程师,它们会帮助空气中的水分疑结成云雾和雨点。
没有灰尘,就没有白云,也没有大雨和小雨了;没有灰尘,在夏天,强烈的日光将直接照射在大地上,使气温无法降低6。
这是灰尘在自然界中的功用。
如果我们追问一下,灰尘都是从什么地方来的呢? 到底是些什么东西呢? 我们可以得到下面一系列的答案:有的是来自山地岩石的碎末,有的是来自田野的干燥土末,有的是来自海面的由浪花蒸发后生成的食盐粉末,有的是来自火山灰,还有的是来自星际空间的宇宙尘。
这些都是天然的灰尘。
II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension)1. 这几个“从……到……”是说灰尘的运动方向,还是说其存在之地?2. “有灰尘的行踪”是说灰尘本身不存在了,还留下了踪迹吗?3. 前面以“它”指代灰尘,这里为什么又说“无数的灰尘”?4. “用显微镜”的具体方式是什么?5.“田野和高山的空气里,每一立方厘米”是说一立方厘米的什么东西?6. 这两个分句的关系如何?III. 译文(Target Text)The Travels of Dust (1)Dust, a tireless traveler on earth1, floats along with the movement of air and can be said to be all-pervasive2.Dust can be found3almost everywhere in the space around us, indoors and outdoors, over cities and the country, plains and mountains, deserts and the sea4. Space truly without dust can only be created in laboratories.In the sunny sky5 dust is invisible; only when sunlight shines into a dark room can one see numberless dust particles6flying in the air. Bigger particles can be seen by the naked eye, but smaller ones may be smaller than germs7, and cannot be observed even through a microscope8.According to the results of experiments, on dry days there are a few dozen particles of dust in each cubic cm of air over the fields and mountains, more than a thousand over the sea, more than 100,000 in the streets of cities, and much more in residential areas9.So much dust traveling in the air exerts great influence on weather changes. It turns out that10 dust particles are tiny engineers that make clouds and raindrops, helping as they do the moisture to condense into clouds, fog and raindrops. Without them, there would be no white clouds, nor drenchers or drizzles11; without them, the scorching sun12 in summer would shine directly on the earth, making it impossible for the temperature to come down13. That is the function of dust innature.If we ask where all the dust comes from and what on earth it is, we can get the following series of answers: from tiny bits of rock in mountainous regions, from dry earth in the fields, from salt powder formed by evaporated spray on the sea, from volcanic ashes, or14 from meteoroid in outer space. All this is natural dust.IV. 表达解说(Explanation of Expression)1. 汉译英时,如果“A是B,……”中的“是B”重要性不如后续的分句,往往译为同位语,以显示层次。