新GRE写作Argument 模板 By Jason Lee

GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ARGUMENT写作模板ARGUMENT 模板1．开头·In this argument the author comes to the conclusion that ．．．·To justify the claim, the author points out that．．．·The author also cites that ．．．．·Close scrutiny of this argument reveals that it is unconvincing in several aspects．2．中间三段过渡词·First and foremost, ．．．·In addition, ．．．·Finally, ．．．3．结尾·In sum, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading．·To mak e it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to substantiate that ．．．and that ．．．．·Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of this argument until the author can provide more information about （why．．．and whether．．．）．4．survey·The survey must be showed to be reliable before I can accept any conclusion the author reaches based upon it．·However, the arguer fails to prove that the responses are accurate or that the respondents are statistically significant in number．·Additio nally, whether the sample is representative enough to reflect the overall attitudes in termsof ．．．deserves to doubt．·Without evidence of the survey's reliability, it is impossible to draw any firm conclusion about ．．．based on the survey．5．false analogy·Even assuming that (别的)．．．are/is attributed to the implementation of ．．．, the author commits a false analogy in assuming that by the same means AAA will achieve the same result as BBB dose．·The arguer fails to consider possible differences between AAA and BBB, which might help to bring about a different result for AAA．·In fact, it is entirely possible that ．．．·Perhaps ．．． Or perhaps ．．．·Without accounting for these and other possible dissimilarities any analogy between the two ．．．is premature and the arguer can not assume that ．．．would bring about the same result in XX as ．．．did．6．他因·The argument unfairly claims that AAA is the result of BBB-rather than some other phenomenon．·The arguer ignores a host of other possible reasons for AAA．·Perhaps CCC． Or perhaps DDD．·In short, without ruling out all other possible explanations for AAA, the author cannot convince me that by xBBB ．．． -let alone ．．．·或者 Since the article fails to account for this alternative explanation for AAA, the article's author cannot make any sound inference (recommendations to ．．．) based on AAA．7．Post hoc, ergo propter hoc·The author commits a fallacy of "Post (Cum) hoc, ergo propter hoc" in assuming that BBB is the very cause of AAA．·Although BBB occurred before (at the same time with) AAA, the only evidence is insufficient to prove a causal relationship．·In order to establish a general causal relationship between BBB and AAA, other factors that might lead to AAA should be considered and eliminated．·For example, CCC or DDD．·The author's failure to investigate or even take into account other possible reasons for AAA renders the conclusion based upon it highly suspect．8．解决途径·Even if that … may to some extent help to solve the problems, there is still another problem with the argument that the author unfairly assumes that ．．．is the only means of achieving the desired result．·The article's author overlooks other possible means of ensuring that ．．．-such as ．．．, ．．．, and so forth．·Without weighing the proposal against and ruling out alternative means of achieving the same goal, the author cannot convince me that ．．．is needed．9．局部结论用于整体·The argument assumes that the AAA refl ects (are representative of) thegeneral trend upon which the argument relies．·Yet the author fails to give any evidence to justify this assumption．·Perhaps ．．． Or perhaps ．．．·In short, lacking evidence that AAA are typical in terms of ．．．the author cannot convince me that ．．．10．整体规律用于个体或局部·The nationwide study showing clear trends among two-income families toward dining out and eating healthily does not necessarily apply specifically to Bay City．·It is quite possible that Bay City’s two-income families do not follow these general trends．·For that matter, in Bay City the trend might be justthe opposite．·Thus, the nationwide trends that the argument cites Uamount to scant evidence U that Bay City residents in particular would frequent a new seafood restaurant in their city．11．盈利问题·Even if Bay City families flock to the new seafood restaurant, the restaurant would not necessarily beprofitable as a result．·Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense．·Thus, it is entirely possible that the restaurant’s costs of obtainting high-quality, healthful seafood, or of promoting the new restaurant, might render it unprofitable despite its popularity．·In short, without more information about supply, demand, production costs and revenue, it is impossible to determine whether the company can earn a profit from …12．认为一切永恒不变·The author's inference rests on the poor assumptionthat during ．．．the ．．．has remained unchanged．·However, the arguer shows no evidence to support this assumption．·It is entirely possible that ．．．or that ．．．·Indeed, the fact that ．．．might actually portend failure for ．．．，which might need to ．．．13．非此即彼·The argument suffers from “either-or” reasoning．·Based on the fact that Monroe town residents are opposed to Brown’s proposed tax cut, the author unfairly concludes that they must be in favor of Green’s proposal．·However, the author overlooks the possibility tha t Monroe town residents are not in favor of either proposal．14．对比实验问题①要么U初态U不确定②要么实验过程有U其他干扰因素15．其他·攻击后果·调查信息不完整·缺乏比较的错误·自相矛盾。

新GRE分析性写作Arguement官方范文新GRE教辅系列 Serial Textbooks on the GRE Revised General Test Argument 官方范文 Sample Responses of Argument 适用于2022年8月后实行的机考Compatible with the Computer-based Test applied after Aug. 2022In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is therefore sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this year's budget to riverside recreational facilities. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted.Note: All responses are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.Essay Response – Score 6While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this author's argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding.Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city resident's love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validityof that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river. The survey may have been 10 pages long,with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the author's argument.Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smelly river would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the resident's lack of river use and the river's current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river.Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the river's water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the river's water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to thegeography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the river's quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage.A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a city's property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this author's argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6This insightful response identifies important assumptions and thoroughly examines their implications. The proposal to spend more on riverside recreational facilities rests on three questionable assumptions, namely:?that the survey provides a reliable basis for budget planning?that the river?s pollution and odor are the only reasons for its limited recreationaluse?that efforts to clean the water and remove the odor will be successful By showing that each assumption is highly suspect, this essay demonstrates the weakness of the entire argument. For example, paragraph 2 points out that the survey might not have used a representative sample, might have offered limited choices, and might have contained very few questions on water sports.Paragraph 3 examines the tenuous connection between complaints and limited use of the river for recreation. Complaints about water qualityand odor may be coming from only a few people and, even if such complaints are numerous, other completely different factors may be much more significant in reducing river usage. Finally, paragraph 4 explains that certain geologic features may prevent effective river clean-up. Details such as these provide compelling support.In addition, careful organization ensures that each new point builds upon the previous ones. For example, note the clear transitions at the beginning of paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the logical sequence of sentences within paragraphs (specifically paragraph 4).Although this essay does contain minor errors, it still conveys ideas fluently. Note the effective word choices (e.g., “rife with…assumptions〞 and “may have swayed residents〞). In addition, sentences are not merely varied; they also display skillful embedding of subordinate elements. For example, note the sustained parallelism in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph.Since this response offers cogent examination of the argument and conveysmeaning skillfully, it earns a score of 6.。

Inthis argument ，the author concludes/recommends that ….To support this conclusion/recommendation,the author points out/cites … .In addition/On the basis of this,the author also cites that … .This argument suffers from several critical/logical flaws,which render it unconvincing as it stands. /PE(paragraph ending)：…,the author cannotexpect us to take seriously the claim/convince me that …contribute to … /ruling out such/other possibilities/explanations/accounting for …,the author cannot justifiably conclude that …/ justify the claim/convince me that …/make any sound recommendation to …… before I can accept theauthor’s final conclusion that …(接Perhaps …)If so,this fact/Either scenario/Any of these scenarios,if ture, would significantly/seriously undermine/weaken (the arguer’s contention /conclusion that) …(1)A threshold problem with the argument invloves the statistical reliability ofthe survey because the size of the sample is too small to be sufficient.Also,the sample might be unrepresentative of … as a whole.Without a sufficiently representative sample,the author cannot draw any conclusion whatsoever on the basis of the study. (小样本、代表性)(2) …are rarely sufficient to establisha general conclusion. From the survey quotedinthis argument,we findnosignof suchprocedures for randomsamplingsand have good reasons to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general situation as a whole.Besides,…provides no information about what percentage of … responded to the surveys.The lower the percentage,the less reliable the results of the surveys/study ’s conclusion. (随机性、代表性)结尾总结用author’s conclusion depends,I would need more information about the size/randomness of the study ’s sample.The author provides no information concerning/omits to inform us about A,B,C and D.It is impossible to conclude without comparing the two groups subjects.For example, ….Without evidence of the study ’s methodological (and statistical) reliability, the author cannot rely on the study to draw any firm conclusion.(1)A is not necessarily due to B.Perhaps ….Since the argument fails to account for this alternative explanation for …,the author cannot …(2)The author unfairly attributes A to B/assumes that A were attributable tocking evidence to confirm this assumption,it is entirely possible that ….Or,perhaps ….After all,the autho r provides no evidence that ….PE.(1)A does not necessarily indicate that B.Perhaps …., ….PE.(2)The argument relies/depends on the (unsubstantiated) assumption that …/ Based on the fact that A the author infers that B.However,/Yet this is not necessarily the case.Perhaps ….If so,this fact would significantly undermine …(3)The fact that … lends no/little credible/scant support to …(4)A probleminvolves the definitionof ….The author fails todefine this critical term.If … is defined as … ,then … .In short, without a clear definition of … it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.The arguer uses previous experience to illustrate that now …,ignoring t he factor of time which perhaps can change everything including … .Eg:The economic situation becomes worse;The worsening economic situationOne problemwhy I disagree with the argument is that it is unwarranted toinfer from the success of B that A will also succeed by following the same format. Perhaps … .In short,lacking evidence that conditions on the … are relevantly similar,the author cannot convince me on the basis of A’s experience that the action would be effective in B. Eg:economic situation,regionThe argument suffers from “either-or ” reasoning.Based on t he fact that … ,the author unfairly concludes that … .However,the author overlooks the possibility …Another problemwiththe argument is that it overlooks other factors that /the possibility that A is not the only factor affectingB.For instance,perhaps entirely possible that …does in fact serve to ….PE.……/ItisThe author appreciates sb’s strong commitment to sth to some extent. However,we know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing,to achieve it is far more difficult.There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise.结尾： In sum,the argument is unconvincing as it stands/not well supported.To bolster it,the author must provide clear evidence that …The author must also show that ….To better assess/evaluate the argument we would need figures …/more information about ….We should also need to know …。

gre argument 万能模板GRE Argument Essay 是 GRE 应试中的一道常见写作题型，测试者需要在30分钟内写出一篇 400-500 字的文章，分析一篇立论文章所存在的缺陷和不足，并提供改善建议和解决方案。

因此，对于考生来说，真正掌握一种适用于大部分问题的万能模板，就显得尤为重要。

在下文中，将为大家提供一种适用于 GRE Argument Essay 的万能模板，包括文章结构、段落构成以及各段该包含的内容。

一、文章结构GRE Argument Essay 主要由以下三个部分组成：引言、主体段和结论。

考生可以根据这个基本框架进行调整，以适应特定的题目。

引言：介绍问题背景或引入立论观点，同时提出自己的观点和论点；主体段：分析、批判和反驳原论点，提供支持自己观点的证据和数据；结论：总结以上观点和证据，并得出自己的结论和建议。

二、段落构成1. 引言段在 GRE Argument Essay 中，引言段主要包括三个部分：背景介绍、引起立论观点和自我声明。

这部分主要是为了让读者对于问题背景有一个基本了解，同时了解考生的立论观点和主张。

典型的引言段可以采用以下模板：致读者：这篇文章的主旨是针对 XXXX 问题提出改善方案，并证明这个方案的可行性和有效性。

在本文中，作者将阐述自己的观点，并提供证据、数据和案例支持自己的论点。

本文旨在启发读者思考并提供有价值的见解，希望能够引起读者的共鸣和反思。

2. 主体段在 GRE Argument Essay 的主体段中，考生需要评估并反驳原来立论的观点和论证，以支持自己的观点。

一个完整的主体段可以分成以下三个部分：1）阐述原立论观点对于原立论观点，需要进行阐明，并简洁明了地说明其缺陷和问题所在。

2）评估原立论观点分析分析原立论观点的强弱之处，包括其先决条件、假设、漏洞等因素，以证明其不足和局限性。

3）支持自己的观点指出自己的观点和论点，并提供必要的支持证据和数据，在引出下一个主体段或结论段之前，要对本段的主要论点进行总结和概括。

ARGUMENT写作ARGUMENT作文写作关键问题：识别题目中的推理/论证缺陷和谬误从2～3个方面证明题目在那些逻辑链条上出了问题，梳理推理/论证过程中各个逻辑链条的可靠性与合理性，从题目中论者运用的推理/论证方法的切入，以求发现论证过程各个环节的缺陷和谬误ARGUMENT的分析和写作步骤：1、识别ARGUMENT题目中论者采用的论证方法（十大论证技巧中的某种）2、从每个ARGUMENT论证发的逻辑起点入手，发现每个推理/论证过程在各个逻辑链条上出现的推理/论证缺陷和谬误3、对每个推理/论证缺陷和谬误只展开具体的分析和论证，说明为什么可以认定它们是推理/论证的缺陷和谬误，及其是如何影响题目中论点和结论的有效性十大论证技巧及反驳切入点：1、演绎推理论证将一个具体的事例运用到一个一般性原则而得出结论反驳切入点：其一，该演绎推理的总原则（大前提）是否成立。

其二，该演绎推理的论据（小前提）是否成立。

二者只要一个不成立，则无效2、定义法界定一个概念的关键内涵，或认定某个事物符合某个定义，从而得出结论反驳切入点：该定义反应了问题本质吗？没有例外情况吗？3、因果关系论证法将一个判断放入一个因果关系中，指出它是原因还是结果反驳切入点：是否有其他原因导致了这一结果？是否有其他更重要的原因与所讨论的原因共同导致该结果?4、归纳推理论证法从若干个体事例中推出具有共性的一般结论反驳切入点：归纳所依据的数量足够多吗？具有代表性吗？有没有特殊情况？5、列举特征式论证法指出某事物发生或存在的征候或迹象反驳切入点：有没有其他原因导致同样的征候或迹象？6、类比论证法用已知、熟悉的食物同未知、不熟悉的食物进行比较，并用前者的情况解释后者的情况。

A、纵向类比（过去的事物同现在的同一类食物的类比）反驳切入点：历史会重演吗？B、横向类比（同一时期、同一类事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：比较的对象之间有足够的可比性吗？C、比喻式类比（不同类别事物之间的类比）反驳切入点：一事物和其被比喻成的事物之间有足够的相似性吗？7、引用权威论证法引用工人的权威，或论证自己就是权威从而对自己的观点加以论证反驳切入点：所引用的权威可信吗？8、诉诸常识法利用人们的常识（普遍性的价值观念、人们的普遍动机、生活常识）进行论证A、诉诸普遍性的价值观念反驳切入点：论者强调的价值果真那么重要吗？有没有其他更重要的价值？论者强调的价值的含义明确吗？B、诉诸普遍动机反驳切入点：论者强调的动机果真是大家最需要的吗？这些动机果真能像论者所说的那样得到实现D、诉诸生活常识反驳切入点：论者依据的生活常识成立吗？有无例外？9、反证法假设一个观点是正确的，然而推出荒谬的结论反驳切入点：推导出的这个结果果真荒谬么？10、统计数据论证法提供数据，以资论证反驳切入点：这些数据由谁调查的？这些调查的方案设计（如调查样本的选择、调查问卷的设计、调查数据的处理、调查结果的合适和验证等）和实施过程是严格按照科学程序进行的吗？其结论是客观、中立、可信的吗？调查的实施者没有受其行业及其他利益相关方面的影响吗？独立第三方的相关数据是否支持相同/相似的结论？AGUMENT题目经常在两个地方引用数据论证，须注意：其一，调查统计对于一般的调查统计，如果是随机抽样调查，注意挑选的样本是否足够多、样本空间是否有很大的误差、样本是否具备代表性。

GRE的argument写作万能模板为了帮助大家备考gre。

了解更多关于gre的知识，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来GRE 的argument写作万能模板，希望大家喜欢。

GRE 的argument写作万能模板一. 背景介绍-----万能123的诞生它的优势在于：让你用最快的时间找出攻击点，不仅解决攻击语言还解决攻击顺序，还能节省你考试时列提纲的时间我刚开始复习时也是很苦恼，但是当我对着北美范文写了十几篇并日日思索之后，发现了一个万能找茬法。

它的精髓就在于教你写一套属于自己的万能123模板，这个模板不仅解决你语言，攻击顺序，更你提高你的效率，即给你一个找茬的火眼金睛，又给你一个呼之欲出的思路。

我考前一天把我自己的模板背了又背了一遍，考的那篇文章我虽没写过，但是我在issue和argument 中场休息的1分钟之内把我的万能123找茬写在草稿纸上，题目出来后仅仅花了1分钟在万能123找茬勾出题目中题目中的错误点，这样连提纲都省了，还非常有条理。

我考之前把这个提纲发给我一同学让她好好背。

现在拿出来和大家分享，还准备发一份给那个作文老师，以提高他的教学质量。

二. 精华部分---万能123找茬1. 从整体来说：开头结尾不是最重点，中间部分才是重中之重2. 就中间部分来说：具体的语言不是最重点，攻击思路才是重中之重结论就是，攻击思路是重中之重，所以万能123找茬才是重中之重，比万能123模板(语言文字)及开头结尾给重要。

三.精华部分的注释这里是注释：(对照序号看)① 一因为此调查或研究没有提到样本sample，所以可以攻击其样本可能不具代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本特殊不具代表性二有了样本仍然可攻击样本没有代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本的倾向性问题，即某类人群比其他多数人更愿意参加调查或研究三没有论据的声称其实是很万能的，多用于攻击一些不是调查也不是研究的论据(具体可参照我的例文)② 一这个嘛虽然被某些新东方老师分为3大类，其实本质还是一样的，就是一个群体的特征推到另一个群体身上。

要想在短期内快速提高GRE作文成绩，记一些作文模板无疑是最快捷，高效的一种方法，下面是GRE作文中开头，正文，结尾的一些经典句型模板。

希望对考生备考有所帮助。

Argument句型开头In this analysis, the arguer claims that … should … To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites the example of … where … In addition, the arguer assumes that … This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.正文：For instance … since … what’s more … etc.and how well it represented the public opinions..The sample of the survey is not representative.(样本太小)the sample is too small to...(光数字没比例)the ratio of four to sixthere is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?Insufficient SampleIf the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…] The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.有的病人会对抗生素过敏the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that就算怎样，也不怎样The survey is based on two isolated examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both types.循环假设The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that …结尾：other possible causes of the …To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.以上即是GRE作文的一些经典模板，考生备考时可以借鉴，希望考生能加强记忆这些模板，在GRE作文部分定会有质的飞跃。

GRE 写作规则（Argument 部分）一、学会使用TS不仅全文要有TS ，每个段落中也要有自己的TS ，这样写起来思路清晰，看起来也省力，TS 放在段首。

目标：在一个段落中不能找到任何一句与TS 无关或与TS 冲突的句子，但过渡到下一段的过渡句例外。

要善于使用连词二、保证段落的连贯性a)表示时间顺序的连词when, after, meanwhile, at last, soon, … b)运用表示方位的连词beneath, below, over, above, overhead, near to as, …. c)表示转折的词but, yet, however,… d)引出其他说法的词otherwise, on the other hand, still ,yet, …. e)进一步说明前面观点的词moreover, in addition, besides ,what ’s more,… f)表示结论的词thus, as a result, consequently, therefore, in summary, to sum up, all in all,…. g)表示确定的结论of course, no doubt ,undoubtedly, certainly, …三、语言要简洁切忌累赘，表述要完整 四、euphony [和谐, 悦耳]不要一味使用短句，要多用些长句。

尽量避免意群由相同长度的句子构成，要善于使用从句、复合句、并列句⎩⎨⎧,,,,any if not if 插入语 In fact, the problem was so serious that I had to …. = The problem was so serious, in fact, that …. 长句不适合做转折句或小的结论句，此时可以用短句。

“TS（short）＋1～2（long）＋1（short）…”，每段有1～2个短句足矣，短句一定不能多。

The argument wrongly attributed A to BThe argument simply equates becoming famous and getting highly paid to attaining real musical achievements.A might pose a negative impact on B, as opposed to the benign consequences conceived by the author. Installing the software may actually pose negative effects on the employees ’morale, rather than the bett er work ethic which is conceived by the author.A is not a good indication of B.The sales of recorded music are not a good indication of the popularity of rock and roll.解释他因：1. The author oversimplifies the factors that could …2. The author fails to incorporate other possible causes that can also3. Any of these scenarios, if true would cast considerable doubt on the argument ’s conclusion that..想不出类型的时候可以这么说：1. We may well ask that is A a good indication of B?2. Another question that should be addressed is: can the consumers reliably distinguish products that aremade with CCC’s copper?3. 示例段落模板 :The author suggests that we should apply the same(A’s) method to B. To evaluate this recommendation, we may well ask that are A and B comparable? As we know, A and B might differ/divide in 。