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六、复合不定代词
指物 指人
everything everyone, everybody something someone, somebody
anything
nothing
anyone,anybody
代
词
( pron.)
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清
人称代词 分类 人称、作用 单数 第一人称 复数 单数 第二人称 复数 主格 I we you you he 单数 第三人称 she it 宾格 me us you you him her it 物主代词 形容词性 my our your your his her its 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its 反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself
四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those
单数 复数 用法1 用法2
this
that
these
those
近指
远指
指下文将要提及的事
指前面刚提过的事
【辨析】one, it, that
it 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物,用来指可数名词 或者不可数名词,one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子, 用于代替可数名词,that常用在比较等级中,代表前面提到的 名词,以避免重复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can have one. The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.
复数
作用
they
主语
them
宾语、表语
their
定语
theirs
themselves
主语、表语、 宾语、表语、 宾语 同位语
(一)人称代词的语序:
单数形式:(二、三、一)
即:you/ he/ I 复数形式:(一、二、三) 即;we/ you/ they
(二)、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词
五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等
【辨析】so/ neither+助动词+主语!和so/ neither+主语+助动词! so +(be、助动词、情态动词)+主语,意为 “也”,“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于 另一个人(物),此句是一倒装句。neither用法与 之相反。 so +主语+(be、助动词、情态动词),表示“赞 同”,意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意:前后两 个句子指的是同一个人。同样,neither的用法与之 相反。
形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词,一般不 单独使用。 名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复, 相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 eg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours? 名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语,相当于“ of +名词所有格” ,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感 情色彩。 eg: He is a friend of mine.
some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, all the rest of…
五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等
(四)a few, a little, few, little
五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等
(二)辨析both,
neither, either, all, none both, neither和 either这三个词用于两者或 两者之间,both表示“两者都……”,用于肯 定句;neither与both互为反义词,意为“两 者都不……”;either表示“两者之中任何一 个”(或者用于否定句中,表示“也”)。 all和none都用于三者或者三者以上,all表示 “全部、都”,none表示“没有任何人或 物”。
二、it的用法
表示时间、距离、天气等。如: It will be sunny tomorrow. 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如: I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.
3.
三、反身代词的用法
定义:反身代词又称自身代词,由第一人称、第二 人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格, 单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成,可用口 诀简记如下: 反身代词表自身,self与selves单数、复分。 一、二人称形代后,第三人称改用宾。 在句子中,反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、 主语或者宾语的同位语,也可用口诀简记: 反身代词三成分:宾、表同位反自身。
三、反身代词的用法
(二) 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself = alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves.
3.
三、反身代词的用法
6. say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?” 7. come to oneself苏醒 Soon the lady came to herself. 8. make oneself + 过去分词,使自己被别人… She did her best to make herself understood. 9. make yourself at home别客气,让自己像在家一样 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home. 10. lose oneself in沉浸于……陶醉于…… They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.
三、反身代词的用法
(三)作表语 反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用,表示或描述一种感觉、 情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself. (四)用作主语或宾语的同位语,往往用来加强名词或代词 的语气,在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主语的同位语 You will have to do it yourself. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. You’d better ask Mary herself about it.
二Байду номын сангаасit的用法
it既是宾格又可以做主格,有时也可以指人。 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如: My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. 2. 用来指人,主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -----Who is knocking at the door? -----It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.
三、反身代词的用法
(一)作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词 连用,表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? 2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么,后面可接 食物,一般用在宴会当中,用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.
五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等
(一)some 与 any some 常用于肯定句中,当说话者期望得到对方的 肯定回答或表示请求建议时,可以用在疑问句中; any常用于否定句和疑问句中,当any表示“任 何……”时,可用于肯定句。 There aren’t any students in the classroom. ----Would you like some bread? ----Yes, please.
三、反身代词的用法
hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didn’t hurt herself. 4. teach oneself = learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself? 5. look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well, thanks.