武汉大学生命科学学院分子生物学考研试卷

全国名校分子生物学考研真题汇编（含部分答案），益星学习网提供全套资料目录1．武汉大学分子生物学考研真题2015年武汉大学885分子生物学（B卷）考研真题2014年武汉大学885分子生物学（C卷）考研真题2013年武汉大学887分子生物学（C卷）考研真题2012年武汉大学653分子生物学（A卷）考研真题2011年武汉大学652分子生物学（A卷）考研真题2010年武汉大学638分子生物学（A卷）考研真题2009年武汉大学877分子生物学（A卷）考研真题及详解2．南开大学分子生物学考研真题2012年南开大学853分子生物学（生科院）考研真题2011年南开大学811分子生物学考研真题（含部分答案）3．中国科学院大学分子生物学考研真题2013年中国科学院大学分子生物学考研真题2012年中国科学院研究生院分子生物学考研真题4．电子科技大学分子生物学考研真题2015年电子科技大学613分子生物学考研真题2014年电子科技大学613分子生物学考研真题2013年电子科技大学613分子生物学考研真题及详解2012年电子科技大学613分子生物学考研真题及详解2011年电子科技大学613分子生物学考研真题及详解5．河北大学分子生物学考研真题2014年河北大学878分子生物学（重点实验室）A考研真题2013年河北大学878分子生物学（重点实验室）A考研真题2012年河北大学878分子生物学（重点实验室）考研真题6．暨南大学分子生物学考研真题2015年暨南大学836分子生物学考研真题2014年暨南大学836分子生物学考研真题7．武汉科技大学分子生物学考研真题2015年武汉科技大学616分子生物学（B卷）考研真题及详解2014年武汉科技大学616分子生物学（B卷）考研真题及详解8．其他名校分子生物学考研真题2015年浙江工业大学653分子生物学考研真题2015年宁波大学941分子生物学（A卷）考研真题2014年重庆大学627分子生物学考研真题2013年深圳大学717分子生物考研真题2012年南京航空航天大学865分子生物学（A卷）考研真题2012年军事医学科学院分子生物学考研真题2011年南京大学834分子生物学（A卷）考研真题。

武大分子生物学考研题库武大分子生物学考研题库分子生物学是现代生物学研究的重要分支，它研究的是生命的最基本单位——分子。

作为生物学考研的重要科目之一，分子生物学的题库对于考生来说是必备的学习资料。

下面将介绍一些武大分子生物学考研题库的内容和特点。

一、基础知识题1. DNA的结构是怎样的？请简要描述。

2. RNA的种类有哪些？它们分别在细胞中扮演什么角色？3. 请解释DNA复制的过程。

4. 什么是基因突变？请举例说明。

5. 请简述转录和翻译的过程。

这些基础知识题是考生必须掌握的内容，它们涵盖了DNA、RNA的结构和功能，以及基因突变、转录和翻译等基本概念。

考生需要通过深入学习和思考，掌握这些知识点，并能够灵活运用于解答题目。

二、实验设计题1. 请设计一种实验方法，用于检测某个基因在不同组织中的表达水平。

2. 请设计一种实验方法，用于检测某个蛋白质的亚细胞定位。

3. 请设计一种实验方法，用于研究某个基因在不同发育阶段的表达模式。

这些实验设计题旨在考察考生对实验设计的能力和创新思维。

考生需要结合自己的实验经验和理论知识，提出合理的实验方案，并能够解释实验的原理和预期结果。

三、综合应用题1. 请解释PCR技术的原理和应用。

2. 请简述RNA干扰技术的原理和应用。

3. 请简要介绍基因编辑技术CRISPR-Cas9的原理和应用。

这些综合应用题是将分子生物学的知识应用到实际问题中的考察。

考生需要综合运用所学的知识，理解和解释相关技术的原理和应用，并能够分析和讨论其优缺点及未来发展方向。

四、综合分析题1. 请分析某个基因在不同物种中的序列差异，并解释其可能的功能变化。

2. 请分析某个基因的突变与某种疾病的关联性，并提出可能的治疗策略。

这些综合分析题要求考生能够综合运用所学的知识，分析和解释实际问题，并提出合理的解决方案。

考生需要具备较强的分析思维和判断能力，能够将分子生物学的知识应用到实际问题中。

综上所述，武大分子生物学考研题库涵盖了基础知识题、实验设计题、综合应用题和综合分析题等多个方面。

分子生物考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. DNA分子的双螺旋结构是由哪位科学家首次提出的？A. 沃森和克里克B. 达尔文C. 孟德尔D. 牛顿答案：A2. 以下哪个不是基因表达的基本步骤？A. 转录B. 翻译C. 复制D. 后修饰答案：C3. 真核生物的基因表达调控主要发生在哪个阶段？A. 转录前B. 转录后C. 翻译前D. 翻译后答案：A4. 以下哪种技术不是用于DNA测序的？A. Sanger测序B. 质谱分析C. 聚合酶链反应（PCR）D. 次代测序答案：C5. 以下哪个是原核生物？A. 酵母菌B. 乳酸菌C. 大肠杆菌D. 人类答案：C6. 以下哪个不是蛋白质合成的必需氨基酸？A. 赖氨酸B. 色氨酸C. 谷氨酸D. 精氨酸答案：C7. 以下哪种酶在DNA复制中不起作用？A. DNA聚合酶B. DNA连接酶C. DNA解旋酶D. RNA引物酶答案：B8. 以下哪个是真核生物的基因结构特点？A. 基因连续B. 基因间有非编码区C. 基因包含内含子和外显子D. 基因只编码一种蛋白质答案：C9. 以下哪个是细胞周期中的间期？A. G0期B. G1期C. S期D. G2期答案：B10. 以下哪个是RNA干扰现象的分子机制？A. RNA降解B. RNA编辑C. RNA剪接D. RNA沉默答案：D二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述PCR技术的原理及其在分子生物学中的应用。

答案：PCR（聚合酶链反应）是一种分子生物学技术，用于快速复制特定DNA序列。

其原理是利用DNA聚合酶在热循环条件下反复进行DNA的合成。

PCR技术在分子生物学中的应用广泛，包括基因克隆、DNA指纹分析、病原体检测等。

2. 描述转录和翻译过程的基本步骤。

答案：转录是DNA信息转变成mRNA的过程，包括启动、延伸和终止三个步骤。

翻译是mRNA信息转变成蛋白质的过程，包括氨基酸的激活、肽链的合成和蛋白质的折叠。

武汉大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称:分子生物学科目代码: 477一、解释概念(20分,每个4分)卫星DNA 复制体逆转座子反式激活因子衰减子与衰减作用二、填空(30分,每空1分,请将答案写在答卷上)1. 从病毒到高等生物的研究表明,遗传物质是。

2. 冈崎片段的发现证实了双链DNA的复制,在复制过程中,一条新生链的合成是的,称为链;而另一条链的合成是的,称为链。

3. 大肠菌中有三种DNA聚合酶,其中的pol I的作用是,而pol III的作用是。

pol I和pol III都有的三种活性是、、。

4.由于真核细胞染色体DNA的复制要有一段RNA为引物,因此线状的DN A复制后必须存在着5’端缩短的问题。

已发现有一种端粒蛋白称为,它由构成,可以使单链DNA的5’延长。

5. 对DNA损伤有几种修复系统,其中只有修复系统可以造成DNA变异,与这一系统有关的一套基因平时受到一称为的抑制蛋白所抑制,它发挥抑制作用是结合在一段约20bp长的称为的DNA序列上,当DNA损伤时,另一种蛋白质称为把这种抑制蛋白水解后,修复系统的基因才会被激活。

6.真核细胞中有三种依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶分别合成不同的RNA,RNA pol I负责合成,RNA pol II负责合成,RNA pol III负责合成。

7.大分子互相作用是分子生物学的重要内容,包括蛋白质之间、蛋白质与DNA或RNA之间的互相作用,蛋白质有四种重要的结构花式与大分子互相作用有关,这些结构花式是, , 。

8. NO是气体小分子信号,它可由脱氨产生,它的作用方式是直接与酶作用使产生cGMP(环式GMP)。

9. 真核mRNA的5’ 端通常有帽子结构,3’ 端有polyA。

在polyA上游有一保守序列称为polyA信号,其序列为。

polyA能提高mRNA的翻译水平是由于:(1) (2) 。

10. G-蛋白关联受体是一类重要的细胞表面受体,它的结构特色是,它发挥信号传递作用的两条途径是途径和途径。

2019年武大生科院考
研真题-分子生物学-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
分子生物学考研真题（2019）
一、名词解释（6*8）
1、nucleosome
2、Okazaki fragment
3、transposon
4、promoter
5、RNA interference
6、homologous recombination
二、简答题
1、什么是DNA复制和RNA转录，真核生物复制和转录主要有哪些差异
2、染色体结构保持完整和稳定的三大要素是什么各自起什么作用
3、维持DNA双螺旋结构稳定的主要因素是哪些
4、什么是遗传密码子的通用性，请举例说明遗传密码通用性在科学研究中的应用
5、什么是质粒？作为基因工程载体的质粒一般具备哪些特征
6、通过实验已得到B蛋白序列，请设计实验得到大量原核表达的B蛋白
三、论述题
假设A蛋白是人细胞中发挥癌基因功能的转录因子，过表达A蛋白能上调B基因表达水平。

已知A蛋白能够识别并结合GAANNNTTC基序，通过序列分析，发现B基因启动子上游-1000bp（简称L1位点）和-4500bp（简称L2位点），的地方有GAANNNTTC基序，请设计实验至少用两种方法证实A蛋白能够结合在L1和L2位点。

2。

分子生物学考研题库
一、选择题
1. DNA复制的起始点通常位于：
A. 启动子区域
B. 终止子区域
C. 增强子区域
D. 原点（OriC）
2. 真核生物的基因表达调控主要发生在：
A. 转录前
B. 转录后
C. 翻译前
D. 翻译后
3. 下列哪种酶在RNA干扰中起作用？
A. DNA聚合酶
B. RNA聚合酶
C. 核糖核酸酶
D. Dicer酶
二、填空题
1. 转录过程中，RNA聚合酶首先识别并结合到DNA上的________区域。

2. 真核生物中，mRNA的5'端加上一个特殊的结构称为________，它
有助于mRNA的翻译和稳定性。

3. 蛋白质合成过程中，tRNA分子通过________碱基与mRNA上的密码子进行配对。

三、简答题
1. 简述PCR技术的原理及其在分子生物学研究中的应用。

2. 描述基因克隆的基本步骤，并解释其在生物技术中的重要性。

四、论述题
1. 论述基因编辑技术CRISPR-Cas9的工作原理，并讨论其在医学和生物研究中的潜在应用。

2. 分析比较原核生物和真核生物基因表达调控的差异，并讨论这些差异对生物体功能的影响。

五、实验设计题
1. 设计一个实验来验证某一特定基因在细胞周期中的表达模式。

2. 描述如何利用分子标记技术追踪遗传病的遗传模式。

结束语
分子生物学是一个不断发展的领域，掌握其基础知识和技能对于未来的研究和职业发展至关重要。

希望以上题库能够帮助学生更好地理解分子生物学的基本概念，并为即将到来的考试做好准备。

预祝大家考试顺利！。

武汉大学生命科学学院2007至2008学年第一学期分子生物学期末考试试题A武汉大学生命科学学院2007－2008学年第一学期期末考试《分子生物学》 A 试卷Final exam of Molecular Biology Course (Fall 2007)年级(Grade) ______ 专业(Major) ________姓名 Name _______ 学号(Student ID)_________PART I: DESCRIPTION (2 points each)Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information could be included in your answer, as necessary.1. Trombone model2. TFIID3. Telomerase4. RNA editing5. Tandem mass spectrometry6. tRNA synthetase7. Viral-like retrotransposons8. Transcriptional silencing9. Suppression mutation10. Shine-Dalgarno sequencePART II: MULTIPLE/SINGLE CHOICES (2 points each)1. The following molecule is ____1) 2’-deoxyadenosine 5’-phosphate2) 2’-deoxyadenosine3) dAMP4) dATP2. The strictness of the rules for “Waston-Crick”pairing derives from thecomplementarities___ between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.1) of base stacking2) of shape3) of hydrogen bonding properties4) of size3. Which of the following statements correctly describe the difference between DNA a nd RNA?____1) The major groove of the regular DNA double helical structure is rich in chemicalinformation.。

武汉大学《分子生物学》复习题库及答案考试复习重点资料（最新版）资料见第二页封面第1页分子生物复习题及答案一、填空题1．病毒ΦX174及M13的遗传物质都是单链DN。

2．IDS病毒的遗传物质是单链RN。

3．X射线分析证明一个完整的DN螺旋延伸长度为3.4nm。

4．氢键负责维持-T间（或G-C间）的亲和力5．天然存在的DN分子形式为右手B型螺旋。

二、选择题（单选或多选）1．证明DN是遗传物质的两个关键性实验是：肺炎球菌在老鼠体内的毒性和T2噬菌体感染大肠杆菌。

这两个实验中主要的论点证据是（C）。

．从被感染的生物体内重新分离得到DN作为疾病的致病剂B．DN突变导致毒性丧失C．生物体汲取的外源DN（而并非蛋白质）改变了其遗传潜能D．DN是不能在生物体间转移的，因此它一定是一种非常保守的分子E．真核心生物、原核生物、病毒的DN能相互混合并彼此替代2．1953年Wtson和Crick提出（）。

．多核苷酸DN链通过氢键连接成一个双螺旋B．DN的复制是半保留的，常常形成亲本-子代双螺旋杂合链C．三个连续的核苷酸代表一个遗传密码D．遗传物质通常是DN而非RNE．分离到回复突变体证明这一突变并非是一个缺失突变3．DN双螺旋的解链或变性打断了互补碱基间的氢键，并因此改变了它们的光汲取特性。

以下哪些是对DN的解链温度的正确描述？（C、D）．哺乳动物DN约为45℃，因此发烧时体温高于42℃是十分危险的B．依赖于-T含量，因为-T含量越高则双链分开所需要的能量越少C．是双链DN中两条单链分开过程中温度变化范围的中间值D．可通过碱基在260nm的特征汲取峰的改变来确定E．就是单链发生断裂（磷酸二酯键断裂）时的温度4．DN的变性（、C、E）。

．包括双螺旋的解链B．可以由低温产生C．是可逆的D．是磷酸二酯键的断裂E．包括氢键的断裂5．在类似RN这样的单链核酸所表现出的“二级结构”中，发夹结构的形成（、D）。

．基于各个片段间的互补，形成反向平行双螺旋B．依赖于-U含量，因为形成的氢键越少则发生碱基配对所需的能量也越少C．仅仅当两配对区段中所有的碱基均互补时才会发生D．同样包括有像G-U这样的不规则碱基配对E．同意存在几个只有提供过量的自由能才能形成碱基对的碱基6．DN分子中的超螺旋（、C、E）。

一.解释概念(20分,每个4分)卫星DNA 复制体逆转座子反式激活因子衰减子与衰减作用三、问答题(50分)1. 说出双链DNA复制起始有关的五种重要的酶或蛋白并简述它们的功能。

(15分)2. 简述增强子的特点和性质及作用机制。

(10分)3. 简述真核RNA聚合酶II的转录起始复合物装配过程和转录起始(15分)4. DNA限制性内切酶EcoRI是人们熟悉的常用内切酶,它是在大肠杆菌(E.coli)R株中发现的,它被广泛用于分子克隆操作和DNA分析。

pUC质粒是常用克隆载体之一,它的多克隆位点上有EcoRI、BamHI、KpnI、HindIII等酶切点。

假如要你把一段由EcoRI切割产生的外源DN**段克隆到pUC质粒中,并把重组质粒转化大肠杆菌R株来扩增,已知条件是所用的R菌株中只有EcoRI一种限制性内切酶,你设计如何做才能确保成功?为什么?(10分)武汉大学2002分子生物学三.问答:1.简述(或绘图说明)真核细胞RNA聚合酶II转录的起始需要哪些基本转录因子及其装配过程(15分)2.简述(或绘图说明)色氨酸操纵子弱化的机制(15分)3.在讨论基因家庭时经常提到胚胎、胎儿和成体形成的蛋白质,这些述语是指什么现象?可用什么术语来描述这一类基因家族(5分)4. 你正在进行Southern blot分析,并刚刚完成凝胶电泳部分,下一步是将胶浸泡在NaOH溶液中使DNA变性为单链,为了节约时间,你跳过这一步,直接把DNA 从胶上转到硝酸纤维素膜上,你将标记好的探针与膜杂交,却发现放射自显影结果是一片空白,哪里错了呢?(5分)一、下列名词翻译成中文，并简要解释1、Domains and motifs2、Alternative splicing3、Reporter genes4、The PCR cycle5、Restriction mapping6、Multiple cloning sites7、DNA libraries8、Proteomics9、Replicon10、Semi-conservative replication二、简答题(共5题,每题8分,共40分)1、请列举三种以上蛋白质纯化技术,并说明不同纯化技术的简单原理。

武大分子生物学考研历年真题对于许多立志在生物学领域深造的学子来说，报考武汉大学分子生物学专业的研究生是一个极具吸引力的选择。

而深入研究历年真题，无疑是备考过程中的关键环节。

武大分子生物学考研真题涵盖了丰富多样的知识点和题型。

从细胞生物学基础，到分子遗传学的原理，再到基因表达调控等诸多方面，都有深入且细致的考查。

在细胞生物学基础部分，真题常常涉及细胞的结构与功能、细胞的信号转导通路等内容。

例如，会要求考生阐述细胞膜的组成成分和结构特点，以及它们如何影响细胞内外物质交换和信息传递。

又或者，详细描述细胞内各种细胞器的功能，以及它们之间是如何协同工作以维持细胞正常生理活动的。

分子遗传学原理方面，真题可能会聚焦于 DNA 复制、转录、翻译的过程和机制。

比如，让考生解释 DNA 聚合酶在复制过程中的作用和特点，或者描述 RNA 聚合酶如何识别启动子并启动转录。

基因表达调控更是重点中的重点。

这部分真题可能会让考生分析不同层次的基因表达调控机制，包括转录水平、转录后水平、翻译水平和翻译后水平的调控。

例如，要求阐述转录因子如何结合到 DNA 上调控基因的表达，或者解释 microRNA 是如何通过影响 mRNA 的稳定性来调节基因表达的。

真题的题型也多种多样。

常见的有选择题，考查考生对基本概念和知识点的理解和记忆。

判断题则侧重于考察考生对一些易混淆概念的辨析能力。

简答题要求考生能够简洁明了地回答问题，展现对知识点的准确把握和概括能力。

论述题通常是综合性较强的题目，需要考生将多个相关知识点串联起来，进行深入的分析和阐述，以展现其对知识的系统理解和运用能力。

通过对历年真题的分析，可以发现一些出题的规律和趋势。

一方面，重点知识点会反复出现，只是考查的角度和形式可能有所不同。

另一方面，随着学科的发展和研究的深入，真题也会逐渐融入一些新的研究成果和前沿知识。

例如，近年来，随着基因编辑技术的迅速发展，真题中可能会出现与CRISPRCas 系统相关的题目，要求考生了解其原理和应用。

武汉大学2015年分子生物学武汉大学2014年分子生物学一.名词解释1、complementDNA2、RNAsplicing3、Gel filtration chromatography4、gene5、snRNP6、OKAZIKIN sequence7、operon8、enhancesome一.简答题1.从分子角度谈谈为什么DNA比RNA更广泛地用作遗传信息的携带者2.试说明中介蛋白在转录调控中的作用原理3.以下是DNA的电泳条带，说明DNA有哪三种拓扑异构构型？设计实验验证该结果。

4.翻译过程需要哪些组分？各自的功能分别是什么三.论述题1.CTD是RNAPOL2的末端结构，说明其结构特点。

它在转录各过程的作用是什么？2.试从产生过程，作用机制和生物学功能几个方面比较miRNA和siRNA的异同点3蛋白质A可以上调蛋白质B的表达水平，说明蛋白A可能在哪些水平发挥作用并设计实验证明。

武汉大学2013年分子生物学一、名词解释（共10小题，每题4分，共40分）1.Ribozyme2.Missense Mutation3.Insulator4.RNA trans-splicing5.Nucleotide excision repair6.Transposon7.Dam methylase8.Spliceosome9.Core promotor10. SNP二、简答题（共5小题，每题10分，共50分）1.真核生物mRNA的5’帽子结构有何生物学功能？其缺失会造成什么后果？2.某一基因开放阅读框中的一个碱基突变会对该基因编码产物产生什么影响？3.请简述真核生物的mRNA和原核生物的mRNA有何不同。

4.请简述Ⅰ型内含子剪切的过程.5.请简述Western blot 的原理和步骤。

三、论述题（共3小题，每题20分，共60分）1.研究基因功能通常是降低或升高基因表达水平，请简要说出三种相关研究方法及原理。

2. mRNA和蛋白质的降解是一个有序的过程，其中microRNA和泛素起了非常重要的作用，请简述microRNA的概念、产生过程、作用机制，或者泛素的概念和蛋白质泛素化的过程。

GLOSSARYAbundance of an mRNA is the average number of molecules per cell.Abundant mRNAs consist of a small number of individual species, each present in a large number of copies per cell.Acceptor splicing site—see right splicing junction.Acentric fragment of a chromosome (generated by breakage) lacks a centromere and is lost cell division.Acrocentric chromosome has the centromere located nearer one end than the other.Active site is the restricted part of a protein to which a substrate binds.Allele is one of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a chromosome. Allelic exclusion describes the expression in any particular lymphocyte of only one allele coding for the expressed immunoglobulin.Allosteric control refers to the ability of an interaction at one site of a protein to influence the activity of another site.Alu family is a set of dispersed, related sequences, each～300 bp long, in the human genome. The individual members have Alu cleavage sites at each end (hence the name).Alu-equivalent family is the set of sequences in a mammalian genome that is related to the human Alu family.α-Amanitin is a bicyclic octapeptide derived from the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides; it inhibhits transcription by certain eukaryotic RNA polymerases, especially RNA polymerase II.Amber codon is the nucleotide triplet UAG, one of three codons that cause termination of protein synthesis.Amber mutaion describes any change in DNA that creates an amber codon at a site previously occupied by a codon representing an amino acid in a protein.Amber suppressors are mutant genes that code for tRNAs whose anticodons have been altered so that they can respond to UAG codons as well as or instead of to their previous codons.Aminoacyl-tRNA is transfer RNA carrying an amino acid; the covalent linkage is between the NH2group of the amino acid and either the 3’-or-2’-OH group of the terminal base of the tRNA.Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes responsible for covalently linking amino acids to the 2’ or 3’-OH position of tRNA.Amphipathic structures have two surfaces, one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic. Lipids are amphipathic; and some protein regions may form amphipathic; and some protein regions may form amphipathic helices, with one charged face and one neutral face.Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence,1found as intrachromosomal or extrachromoxomal DNA.Anchorage dependence describes the need of normal eukaryotic cells for a surface to attach to in order to grow in culture.Aneuploid chromosome constitution differes from the usal diploid constitution by loss or duplication of chromosomes or chromosomal segments. Annealing is the pairing of complementary single strands of DNA to form a double helix.Antibody is a protein (immunoglobulin) produced by B lymphocyte cells that recognizes a particular foreign ‘antigen,’and thusw triggers the immune res ponse.Anticoding strand of duples DNA is used as a template to direct the synthesis of RNA that is complementary to it.Antigen is any molecule whose entry into an organism provokes synthesis of an antibody (immunoglobulin).Antiparallel strands of the d ouble helix are organized in opposite orientation, so that the 5’ end of one strand is aligened with the 3’ end of the other strand.Antitermination proteins allow RNA polymerase to transcribe through certain terminator sites.Ap endonucleases make incisio ns in DNA on the 5’ side of either apurinic or apyrimidinc sites.Apoinducer is a protein that binds to DNA to switch on transcription by RNA polymerase. Archebacteria comprise a minor line of prokaryotes, and may have introns in the genome. Ascus of a fungus contains a tetrad or octad of the (haploid) spores, representhing the products of a sihngle meiosis.att sties are the loci on a phage and the bacterial chromosome at which recombination integrates the phage into. or excises it from , the bacterial chromosome.Attenuation describes the regulation of termination of transcription that is involved in controlling the expression of some bacterial operons.Attenuato r is the terminator sequence at which attenuatioj occurs.Autogenous conhtrol describes the action of a gene product that either inhibits (negative autogenous control) or activates (positive autogenous control) expression of the gene coding for it.Autonomous controlling element in maize is an active transposon with the ability to transpose (cf nonautonomous controlling element).Autoradiography detects radioactively labeled molecules by their effect in creating an image on pholtographic film.Autosomes are all the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes; a diploid cell has two copies of each autosome.Blymphocytes (or B cells) are the cells responsible for synthesizing antibodies.2Backcross is another (earlier) term for a testcross.Back mutation reverses the effect of a mutation that hand inactivated a gene; thus it restores wild type.Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria; often abbreviated as phages.Balbaini ring is an extremely large puff at a band of a polytene chromosome.Bands of polytene chromosomes are visible as dense regions that contain the majority of DNA;bands of normal chromosomes are relatively much larger and are generated in the form of regions that retain a stain on certain chemical treatments.Base pair (bp) is a partnership of A with T or of C with G in a DNA double helix; other pairs can be formed in RNA under certain circumstances.Bidirectional replication is accomplished when two replication forks move away from the same origin in different directions.Bivalent is the structure containing all four chromatids (two representing each homologue) at the start of meiosis.Blastoderm is a stage of insect embryogenesis in which a layer of nuclei or cells around the embryo surround an internal mass of yolk.Blocked reading frame cannot be translated into protein because it is interrupted by termination codons.Blunt-end ligation is a reaction that joins two DNA duplex molecules directly at their ends. bp is an abbreviation for base pairs; distance along DNA is measured in bp.Branch migration describes the ability of a DNA strand partially paired with its complement in a duplex to extend its pairing by displacing the resident strand with which it is homologous. Breackage and reunion describes the mode of genetic recombination, in which two DNA duplex molecules are broken at corresponding points and then rejoined crosswise (involving formation of a length of heteroduplex DNA around the site of joining).Buoyant desity measures the ability of a substance to float in some standard fluid, for example, CsCl.C banding is a technique for generating stained regions around centromeres.C genes code for the constant regions of immunoglobulin protein chains.C value is the total amount of DNA in a haploid genome.CAAT box is part of a conserved sequence located upstream of the startpoints of eukaryotic transcription units; it is recognized by a large group of transcription factors.Cap is the structure at the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA, introduced after transcripton by linking the terminal phosphate of 5’ GTP to the terminal base of the mRNA. The added G (and sometimes some other bases) are methylated, giving a structure of the form 7Me G5’ppp 5’Np…3CAP(CRP)is a positive regulator protein activated by cyclic AMP. It is needed for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription of certain (catabolitesensitive) operons of E. coli.Capsid is the external protein coat of a virus particle.Catabolite repression describes the decreased expression of many bacterial operons that results from addition of glucose. It is caused by a decrease in the level of cyclic AMP, which in turn inactivates the CAP regulator.cDNA is a single-stranded DNA complementary to an RNA, synthesized from it by reverse transcription in vitro.cDNA clone is a duplex DNA sequence representing an RNA, carried in a cloning vector. Cell cycle is the period from one division to the next.Cell hybrid is a somatic cell containing chromosomes derived from parental cells of different species (e.g. a man-mouse somatic cell hybrid), generating by fusing the cells to form a heterokaryon in which the nuclei subsequently fused.Centrioles are small hollow cylinders consisting of microtubules that become located near the poles during mitosis. They reside within the centrosomes.Centromere is a constricted region of a chromosome that includes the site of attachment to the mitotic or meiotic spindle (see also kinetochore).Centrosomes are the regions from which microtubules are organized at the poles of a mitotic cell. In animal cells, each centrosome contains a pair of centrioles surrounded by a dense amorphous region to which the microtubules attach. See also MTOC.Molecular chaperone is a protein that is needed for the assembly or proper folding of some other protein, but which is not itself a component of the target complex.Chemical complexity is the amount of a DNA component measured by chemical assay.Chi sequence is an octamer that provides a hotspot for RecA-mediated genetic recombination in E. coli.Chi structure is a joint between two duplex molecules of DNA revealed by cleaving an intermediate of two joined circles to generate linear ends in each circle. It resembles a Greek chi in outline, hence the name.Chiasma (pl. chiasmata)is a site at which two homologous chromosomes appear to have exchanged material during meiosis.Chromatids are the copies of a chromosome produced by replication. The name is usually used to describe them in the period before they separate at the subsequent cell division. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein in the nucleus of the interphase cell. Individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished in it .It was originally recognized by its reaction with stains specific for DNA.Chromocenter is an aggregate of heterochromatin from different chromosomes. Chromomeres are densely staining granules visible in chromosomes under certain conditions, especially early in meiosis, when a chromosome may appear to consist of a series of4chromomeres.Chromosome is a discrete unit of the genome carrying many genes. Each chromosome counsists of a very long molecule of duplex DNA and an approximately equal mass of proteins. It is visible as a morphological entity only during cell division.Chromosome walking describes the sequential isolation of clones carrying overlapping sequences of DNA, allowing large regions of the chromosome to be spanned. Walking is often performed in order to reach a particular locus of interest.cis-acting locus affects the activity only of DNA sequences on its own molecule of DNA; this property usually implies that the locus does not code for protein.cis-acting protein has the exceptional property of acting only on the molecule of DNA from which it was expressed.cis configuration describes two sites on the same molecule of DNA.cis/trans test assays the effect of relative configuration on expression of two mutations. In a double heterozygote, two mutations in the same gene show mutant phenotype in trans configuration, wild-type in cis configuration.Cistron is the geneti unit defined by the cis/trans test; equivalent to gene ib comprising a unit of DNA representing a protein.Class switching is a change in the expression of the c cregion of an immunoglobulin heavy chain during lymphocyte differentiation.Clone describes a large number of cells or molecules identical with a single ancestral cell or molecule.Cloning vector is a plasmid or phage that is used to ‘carry’ inserted foreign DNA for the purposes of producing more material or a protein product.Closed reading frame contains termination codons that prevent its translation into protein. Coated vesicles are vesicles whose membrane has on its surface a layer of the protein clathrin.Coconversion is the simultaneous correction of two sites during gene conversion.Coding strand of DNA has the same sequence as mRNA.Codominant alleles both contribute to the phenotype; neither is dominant over the other. Coevolution —see concerted evolution.Cognate tRNAs are those recognized by a particular aminoacy-tRNA synthetase. Coointegrate structure is produced by fusion of two replicons, one originally possessing a transposon, the other lacking it; the cointegrate has copies of the transposon present at both junctions of the replicons, oriented as directrepeats.Cold-sensitive mutant is defective at low temperature but functional at normal temlperature. Colony hybridization is a technique for using in situ hybridization to identify bacteria carrying chimeric vectors whose inserted DNA is homologous with some particular sequence. Compatibility group of plasmids contains members unable to coexist in the same bacterial5cell.Complementation refers to the ability of independent (nonallelic)genes to provide diffusible products that produce wild phenotype when two mutants are tested in trans configuration in a heterozygote.In vitro complementation assay consists of identifying a component of a wid-type cell that can confer activity on an extract prepared from a mutant cell. The assay identifies the component rendered inactive by the mutation.Complementation group is a series of mutations unable to complement when tested in pairwise combinations in trans; defines a genetic unit (the cistron) that might better be called a noncomplex mentation group.Complex locus (of D. melanogaster) has genetic properties inconsistent with the function of a gene representing a single protein. Complex loci are usually very large (>100kb) at the molecular level.Complexity is the total length of different sequences of DNA present in a given preparation. Compostie transposons have a central region flanked on each side by insertion sequences, either or both of which may enable the entire element to transpose.Concatemer of DNA consists of a series of unit genomes repeated in tandem. Concatenated circles of DNA are interlocked like rings one a chain.Concerted evolution describes the ability of two related genes to evolve together as though constituting a single locus.Condensation reaction is one in which a covalent bond is formed with loss of a water molecule, as in the addition of an amino acid to a polypeptide chain.Conditional lethal mlutations kill a cell or virus under certain (nonpermissive) conditions, but allow it to survive under other (permissive) conditions.Conjugation describes ‘mathing’ between two bacterial cells, when (part of ) the chromosome is transferred from one to the other.Consensus sequence is an idealized sequence in which each position represents the base most often found when many actual sequences are compared.Conservative recombination involves breakage and reunion of preexisting strands of DNA without any synthesis of new stretches of DNA.Conservative transposition refers to the movement of large elements, originally classified as transposons, but now considered to be episomes. The mechanism of movement resembles that of phage lambda.Constant regions of immunoglobulins are coded by C genes and are the parts of the chain that vary least. Those of heavy chains identify the type of immunoglobulin.Constitutive genes are expressed as a function of the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter, without additional regulation; sometimes also called household genes in the context of describing functions expressed in all cells at a low level.67Constitutive heterochromatin describes the inert state of permanently nonexpressed sequences, usually satellite DNA.Constitutive mutations cause genes that usually are regulated to be expressed without regulation.Contractile ring is a ring of actin filaments that forms around the equator at the end of mitosis and is responsible for pinching the daughter cells apart.Controlling elements of maize are transposable units originally identified solely by their genetic properties. They may be autonomous (able to transpose independently) or nonautonomous (able to element).Coordinate regulation refers to the common control of a group of genes.Cordycepin is 3’ deoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of poly adenylation of RNA.Core DNA is the 14.6 bp of DNA contained on a core particle.Core particle is a digestion product of the nucleosome that retains the histone octamer and has 14.6 bp of DNA; its structure appears similar to that of the nucleosome itself.Corepressor is a small molecule that triggers repression of transcription by binding to a regulator protein.Cosmids are plasmids into which phage lambda cos sites have been inserted; as a result, the plasmid DNA can be packaged in vitro in the phage coat.Cot is the product of DNA concentration and time of incubation in a reassociation reaction. Cot 21 is the Cot required to proceed to half completion of the reaction; it is directlyproportional to the unique length of reassociating DNA.Cotransfection is the simultaneous transfection of two markers.Crossing-over describes the reciprocal exchange of material between chromosomes that occurs during meiosis and is responsible for genetic recombination.Crossover fixation refers to a possible consequence of unequal crossing-over that allows a mutation in one member of a tandem cluster to spread through the whole cluster (or to be eliminated).Cruciform is the structure produced at inverted repeats of DNA if the repeated sequence pairs with its complement on the same strand (instead of with its regular partner in the other strand of the duplex).Cryptic satellite is a satellite DNA sequence not identified as such by a separate peak on a density gradient; that is, it remains present in main-band DNA.ctDNA is chloroplast DNA.Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a molecule of AMP in which the phosphate group is joined to both the 3’ and 5’ positions of the ribose; its binding activates the CAP, a postive regulator of prokaryotic transcription.Cyclins are proteins that accumulate continuously throughout the cell cycle and are thendestroyed by proteolysis during mitosis. (see also MPF).Cytokinesis is the final process involved in separation and movement apart of daughter cells at the end of mitosis.Cytological hybridization—see in situ hybridization.Cytoplasm describes the material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Cytoplasmic inheritance is a property of genes located in mitochondria or chloroplasts (or possibly other extranuclear organelles).Cytoplasmic protein synthesis is the ranslation of mRNAs representing nuclear genes; it occurs via ribosomes attached to the cytoskeleton.Cytoskeleton consists of networks of fibers in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell.Cytosol describes the general volume of cytoplasm in which organelles ( such as the mitochondria ) are located.D loop is a region within mitochondrial DNA in which a short stretch of RNA is paired with one strand of DNA, displacing the orignal partner DNA strand in this region. The same term is used also to describe the displacement of a region of one strand of duplex DNA byu a single-stranded invader in the reaction catalyzed by RecA protein.Degeneracy in the genetic code refers to the lack of an effect of many changes in the third base of the codon on the amino acid that is represented.Deletions are generated by removal of a sequence of DNA, the regions on either side being joined together.Denaturation of DNA or RNA describes its conversion from the double-stranded to the singlestranded state; separation of the strands is most often accomplished by heating. Denaturation of protein describes its conversion from the physiological conformation to some other (inactive) conformation.Derepressed state describes a gene that is turned on. It is synonymous with induced when describing the normal state of a gene; it has the same meaning as constitutive in describing the effect of mutation.Dicentric chromosome is the product of fusing two chromosome fragments, each of which has a centromere. It is unstable and may be broken when the two centromeres are pulled to opposite poles in mitosis.Diploid set of chromosomes contains two copies of each autosome and two sex chromosome. Direct repeats are identical (or related) sequences present in two or more copies in the same orientation in the same molecule of DNA; they aer not necessarily adjacent.Discontinuous replication refers to the synthesis of DNA in short (Okazaki) fragments that are later joined into a continuous strand.Disjunction describes the movement of members of a chromosome pair to opposite poles during cell division. At mitosis and the second meiotic division, disjunction applies to sister8chromatids; at first meiotic division it applies to sister chromatid pairs.Divergence is the percent difference in nucleotide sequence between two related DNA sequences or in amino acid sequences between two proteins.Divergent transcription refers to the intitiation of transcription at two promoters facing in the opposite direction, so that transcription proceeds away in both directions from a central region.dna mutants of bacteria are temperature-sensitive; they cannot synthesize DNA at 42℃, but can do so at 37℃.DNAase is an enzyme that attacks bonds in DNA.DNA-driven bybridization involves the reaction of an excess of DNA with RNA.DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes a daughter strand(s) of DNA (under direction from a DNA template). May be involved in repair or replication.DNA replicase is a DNA-synthesizing enzyme required specifically for replication.Domain of a chromosome may refer either to a discrete structural entity defined as a region within which supercoiling is independent of other domains; or to an extensive region including an expressed gene that has heightened sensitivity to degradation by the enzyme DNAase I.Domain of a protein is a discrete continuous part of the amino acid sequence that can be equated with a particular function.Dominant allele determines the phenotype displayed in a heterozygote with another (recessive) allele.Donor splicing site—see left splicing junction.Down promoter mutations decrease the frequency of initiaton of transcription. Downstream identifies sequences proceeding farther in the direction of expression, for example, the conding region is downstream of the initiation condon.Early development refers to the period of a phage infection before the start of DNA replication.Extopic expression describes the expression of a gene in a tissue in which it is not usually expressed; for example, in a transgenic animal.Elongation factors (EF in prokaryotes, eEF in eukaryotes) are proteins that associate with ribosomes cyclically, during addition of each amino acid to the polypeptide chain.End labeling describes the addition of a radioactively labeled group to one end (5’ or 3’) of a DNA strand.End-product inhibition describes the ability of a product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway.Endocytosis is a process by which proteins at the surface of the cell are internalized, being transported into the cell within membranous vesicles.9Endocytic vesicles are membranous particles that transport proteins through endocytosis; also known as clathrin-coated vesicles.Endonucleases cleave bonds within a nucleic acid chain; they may be specific for RNA or for singlestranded of double-stranded DNA.Endoplasmic reticulum is a highly convoluted sheet of membranes, extending from the outer layer of the nuclear envelope into the cytoplasm.Enhancer element is a cis-acting sequence that increases the utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter.Envelopes surround some organelles (for example , nucleus or mitochondrion) and consist of concentric membranes, each membrane consisting of the usual lipid bilayer.Epigenetic changes influrence the phenotype without altering the genotype. They consist of changes in the properties of a cell that are inherited but that do not represent a change in genetic information.Episome is a plasmid able to integrate into bacterial DNA.Epistasis describes a situation in which expression of one gene wipes out the phenotypic effects of another gene.Essential gene is one whose deletions is lethal to the organism (see also lethal locus). Established cell lines consist of eukaryotic cells that have been adapted to indefinite growth in culture (they are said to be immortalized).Eubacteria comprise the major line of prokaryotes.Euchromatin comprises all of the genome in the interphase nucleus except for the heterochromatin.Evolutionary clock is defined by the rate at which mutations accumulate in a given gene. Excision-repair systems remove a single-stranded sequence of DNA containing damaged or mispaired bases and replace it in the duplex by synthesizing a sequence complementary to the remaining strand.Exocytosis is the process of secreting proteins from a cell into the medium, by transport in membranous vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, through the Golgi, to storage vesicles, and finally (upon a regulatory signal) through the plasma membrane.Exocytic vesicles (also secretory vesicles) are membranous particles that transport and store proteins during excytosis.Exon is any segment of an interrupted gene that is represented in the mature RNA product. Exonucleases cleave nucleotides one at a time from the end of a polynucleotide chain; they may be specific for either the 5’ or 3’ end of DNA or RNA.Expression vector is a cloning vector desined so that a coding sequence inserted at a particular site will be transcribed and translated into protein.Extranuclear genes reside outside the nucleus in organelles such as mitochondria and10chloroplasts.F factor is a bacterial sex or fertility plasmid.F1 generation is the first generation produced by crossing two parental (homozygous) lines. Facultative heterochromatin describes the inert state of sequences that also exist in active copies—for example, one mammalian X chromosome in females.Fast component of a reassociation reaction is the first to reature and contains highly repetitive DNA.Fate map is a map of an embryo showing the adult tissues that will develop from the descendants of cells that occupy particular regions of the embryo.Figure eight describes two circles of DNA linked together by a recombination event that has not yet been completed.Filter hybridization is performed by incubating a deatured DNA preparation immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter with a solution of radioactively labeled RNA or DNA.Fingerprint of DNA is a pattern of polymorphic restriction fragments that differ between individual genomes.Fingerprint of a protein is the pattern of fragments (usually resolved on a two dimensional electrophoretic gel) generated by cleavage with an enzyme such as trypsin.Fluidity is a property of membranes; it indicates the ability of lipids to move laterally within their particular monolayer.Focus formation describes the ability of transformed eukaryotic cells to grow in dense clusters, piled up on one another.Focus forming unit (ffu) is a quantitative measure of forcus formation.Foldback DNA consists of inverted repeats that have renatured by intrastrand reassociation of denatured DNA.Foot printing is a technique for identifying the site on DNA bound by some protein by virtue of the protection of bonds in this region against attack by nucleases.Forward mutations inatctivate a wild-type gene.Founder effect refers to the presence in a population of many individuals all with the same chromosome (or region of a chromosome) derived from a single ancestor.Frameshift mutations arise by deletions or insertions that are not a multiple of 3bp; they change the frame in which triplets are translated into protein.G banding is a technique that generates a striated pattern in metaphase chromosomes that distinguishes the members of a haploid set.G1 is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the last mitosis and the start of DNA replication.G2 is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the end of DNA replication and the start11。

分子生物学考研真题汇编分子生物学作为生命科学领域的重要分支，对于深入理解生命现象的分子机制具有关键作用。

考研中，分子生物学的真题能够全面考查考生对这门学科的掌握程度。

以下是为大家精心汇编的部分分子生物学考研真题，希望能对大家的备考有所帮助。

一、选择题1、以下哪种分子不是遗传物质？（）A DNAB RNAC 蛋白质D 核酸答案：C解析：DNA 和 RNA 是主要的遗传物质，而蛋白质不是遗传物质。

2、原核生物 DNA 聚合酶 III 具有的活性不包括（）A 5’－3’聚合酶活性B 3’－5’外切酶活性C 5’－3’外切酶活性D 引发酶活性答案：D解析：原核生物 DNA 聚合酶 III 具有5’－3’聚合酶活性、3’－5’外切酶活性和5’－3’外切酶活性，但不具有引发酶活性。

引发酶活性由引发酶（primase）承担。

3、真核生物 mRNA 转录后加工不包括（）A 加帽B 加尾C 剪接D 甲基化答案：D解析：真核生物 mRNA 转录后加工包括加帽、加尾和剪接，甲基化不属于常见的加工方式。

二、填空题1、核酸的基本组成单位是_____。

答案：核苷酸2、基因表达的调控可以发生在_____、转录、＿____和翻译等多个水平。

答案：染色质结构；转录后3、核糖体是由_____和_____组成的复合物。

答案：rRNA；蛋白质三、简答题1、简述 DNA 双螺旋结构的特点。

答：DNA 双螺旋结构的特点主要包括以下几点：（1）两条反向平行的多核苷酸链围绕同一中心轴相互缠绕，形成右手双螺旋结构。

（2）碱基位于双螺旋内侧，通过氢键互补配对，A 与 T 配对，G 与 C 配对。

（3）双螺旋的平均直径为 2nm，每圈螺旋包含 10 个碱基对，螺距为 34nm。

（4）磷酸和脱氧核糖构成的骨架位于外侧，具有亲水性；碱基位于内侧，具有疏水性。

2、什么是基因？基因的功能有哪些？答：基因是具有遗传效应的 DNA 片段。

其功能主要包括：（1）遗传信息的储存：基因以碱基序列的形式储存了生物的遗传信息。

笔试题（满分100分）1. PCR的条件是什么？设置的条件有什么依据？2. 去离子水与蒸馏水是否相同，若相同，为什么？不相同，又是为什么？3. 关于菌株保存有以下两个方案（1）不加甘油逐渐降温后，然后保存在-80℃中，（2）加甘油直接保存在-80℃中。

分别分析两种方案是否正确，若正确，为什么？不正确，又是为什么？（3）菌株保存中，甘油的作用是什么？依据是什么？4. 高压灭菌的温度为多少？灭菌是为什么要排尽灭菌锅内的冷空气？5. 克隆所用的载体有哪些必要的结构？6. 电泳分离DNA所用的缓冲液pH为多少？此时DNA带什么电荷，为什么?7. 电泳分离DNA、RNA、蛋白质分别用什么染色？8. 现有100uLDNA水溶液（装在eppendorf管中），请设计一个实验沉淀DNAWuda武大---考试方法说明及各章课外思考题一、课程的学习与考试作为生命科学领域的专业基础课，本课程强调学生对微生物学基本理论、基本概念、基本实验原理及微生物基本实验操作的掌握与运用，鼓励学生在教学过程中对教学的积极参与和平时学习的积累，不鼓励期末突击复习、考试的投机学习行为。

为此，特制定期末总成绩的评定标准。

一）理论课期末考试卷面成绩占总成绩的55％，其余45％为平时成绩。

平时成绩包括：1、课后思考题（0～4分），每章均会根据教学内容布置思考题，要求按时上交，教师每次将随机抽查20％～30％的作业本进行评分，在学期末考试结束后，作业本全部上交作为评定平时成绩的依据。

2、学习笔记（0～4分），要求并鼓励课堂记录或课后整理学习内容，所有学习笔记在期末考试结束后上交作为评定平时成绩的依据。

3、参与教学活动（0～17分），主要是鼓励学生在学习过程中的主动学习能力，在课堂、网站论坛或与教师平时就学习问题的探讨将作为此项成绩评定的依据。

为了配合这项工作，论坛中的同步教学论坛只有在经过认证后方可发言，是对同学参与教学活动项目评定的主要依据。

分子考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项是分子生物学中常用的克隆载体？A. 噬菌体B. 质粒C. 病毒D. 细菌答案：B2. DNA聚合酶的主要功能是：A. 复制DNAB. 修复DNAC. 转录RNAD. 翻译蛋白质答案：A3. 在蛋白质合成过程中，mRNA的起始密码子是：A. AUGB. UGAC. UAAD. UAG答案：A4. 真核生物的基因表达调控主要发生在：A. 转录前B. 转录后C. 翻译D. 翻译后答案：A5. 下列哪种酶在DNA复制过程中不起作用？A. DNA聚合酶B. DNA连接酶C. DNA解旋酶D. DNA拓扑异构酶答案：B6. 以下哪种技术用于检测特定DNA序列的存在？A. PCRB. ELISAC. Northern blotD. Western blot答案：A7. 基因突变通常发生在：A. 基因的非编码区B. 基因的编码区C. 基因的启动子区域D. 基因的终止子区域答案：B8. 以下哪种细胞器是蛋白质合成的主要场所？A. 线粒体B. 内质网C. 高尔基体D. 核糖体答案：D9. 在基因工程中，限制性内切酶的作用是：A. 连接DNA片段B. 分割DNA片段C. 复制DNA片段D. 修饰DNA片段答案：B10. RNA干扰（RNAi）技术可以用于：A. 基因表达分析B. 基因治疗C. 基因克隆D. 基因测序答案：B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. DNA的双螺旋结构是由________和________两种核苷酸配对形成的。

答案：腺嘌呤（A）；胸腺嘧啶（T）2. 真核生物的mRNA在翻译前需要经过________，形成成熟的mRNA。

答案：剪接3. 在PCR技术中，________是用于扩增特定DNA片段的短序列。

答案：引物4. 基因表达的调控可以通过________来实现。

答案：转录因子5. 在DNA测序中，Sanger测序法使用的终止核苷酸是________。

武汉大学分子生物学历年考研真题 (2001年-2013年）武汉大学2001 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称:分子生物学科目代码: 477注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题和草稿纸上的一律无效。

一、解释概念 (20 分,每个4分)1. 卫星 DNA2. 复制体3. 逆转座子4. 反式激活因子5. 衰减子与衰减作用二：填空(30 分,每空 1 分,请将答案写在答卷上)1.从病毒到高等生物的研究表明,遗传物质是。

2.冈崎片段的发现证实了双链 DNA的复制,在复制过程中,一条新生链的合成是的,称为链;而另一条链的合成是的,称为链。

3.大肠菌中有三种DNA聚合酶,其中的polI的作用是 ,而pol III的作用是。

pol I和pol III都有的三种活性是、、。

4.由于真核细胞染色体DNA的复制要有一段RNA为引物,因此线状的DNA复制后必须存在着5’端缩短的问题。

已发现有一种端粒蛋白称为 ,它由构成,可以使单链DNA的5’延长。

5.对DNA 损伤有几种修复系统 ,其中只有修复系统可以造成DNA变异,与这一系统有关的一套基因平时受到一称为的抑制蛋白所抑制,它发挥抑制作用是结合在一段约20bp长的称为的DNA序列上,当DNA损伤时,另一种蛋白质称为。

把这种抑制蛋白水解后,修复系统的基因才会被激活。

6.真核细胞中有三种依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶分别合成不同的RNA,RNA pol I 负责合成,RNA pol II 负责合成,RNA pol III负责合成。

7.大分子互相作用是分子生物学的重要内容,包括蛋白质之间、蛋白质与DNA或RNA之间的互相作用,蛋白质有四种重要的结构花式与大分子互相作用有关, 这些结构花式是 , , 。

8.NO 是气体小分子信号,它可由脱氨产生,它的作用方式是直接与酶作用使产生cGMP(环式GMP)。

9.真核mRNA的5’端通常有帽子结构,3’端有 polyA。

在polyA上游有一保守序列称为polyA 信号,其序列为。

武汉大学生命科学学院分子生物学考研试卷2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、解释概念（20分，每个4分）卫星dna复制体逆转座子反式激活因子衰减子与衰减作用二、填空题（30分后，每空1分后，恳请将答案写下在成绩单上）1.从病毒到高等生物的研究表明，遗传物质是。

2.冈崎片段的辨认出证实了双链dna的激活，在激活过程中，一条新生链的制备就是的，称作链；而另一条链的制备就是的，称作链。

3.大肠菌中存有三种dna聚合酶，其中的poli的促进作用就是，而poliii的促进作用就是。

poli和poliii都有的三种活性就是。

4.由于真核细胞染色体dna的复制要有一段rna为引物，因此线状的dna复制后必须存在着5’端缩短的问题。

已发现有一种端粒蛋白称为，它由构成，可以使单链dna的5’延长。

5.对dna受损存有几种复原系统，其中只有复原系统可以导致dna变异，与这一系统有关的一套基因平时受一称作的遏制蛋白所遏制，它充分发挥抑制作用就是融合在一段约20bp短的称作的dna序列上，当dna受损时，另一种蛋白质称作把这种遏制蛋白水解后，复原系统的基因才可以被转化成。

6.真核细胞中有三种依赖于dna的rna聚合酶分别合成不同的rna，rnapoli负责合成，rnapolii负责合成,rnapoliii负责合成。

7.大分子互相作用是分子生物学的重要内容，包括蛋白质之间、蛋白质与dna或rna之间的互相作用，蛋白质有四种重要的结构花式与大分子互相作用有关，这些结构花式是，，，。

8.no就是气体小分子信号，它可以由脱氨产生，它的促进作用方式就是轻易与酶促进作用并使产生cgmp（环式gmp）。

9.真核mrna的5’端通常有帽子结构，3’端有polya。

在polya上游有一保守序列称为polya信号，其序列为。

polya能提高mrna的翻译水平是由于：（1）（2）。

10.g-蛋白关联受体是一类重要的细胞表面受体，它的结构特色是，它发挥信号传递作用的两条途径是途径和途径。

武汉大学《分子生物学》2001-2011年考研试卷2002年三、问答：1、简述（或绘图说明）真核细胞RNA聚合酶II转录的起始需要哪些基本转录因子及其装配过程（15分）2、简述（或绘图说明）色氨酸操纵子弱化的机制（15分）3、在讨论基因家庭时经常提到胚胎、胎儿和成体形成的蛋白质，这些述语是指什么现象？可用什么术语来描述这一类基因家族（5分）4、你正在进行Southern blot分析，并刚刚完成凝胶电泳部分，下一步是将胶浸泡在NaOH溶液中使DNA变性为单链，为了节约时间，你跳过这一步，直接把DNA从胶上转到硝酸纤维素膜上，你将标记好的探针与膜杂交，却发现放射自显影结果是一片空白，哪里错了呢？（5分）2001年三、问答题（50分）1．说出双链DNA复制起始有关的五种重要的酶或蛋白并简述它们的功能。

（15分）2．简述增强子的特点和性质及作用机制。

（10分）3．简述真核RNA聚合酶II的转录起始复合物装配过程和转录起始（15分）4． DNA限制性内切酶EcoRI是人们熟悉的常用内切酶，它是在大肠杆菌（E.coli）R株中发现的，它被广泛用于分子克隆操作和DNA分析。

pUC质粒是常用克隆载体之一，它的多克隆位点上有EcoRI、BamHI、KpnI、HindIII等酶切点。

假如要你把一段由EcoRI切割产生的外源DNA片段克隆到pUC质粒中，并把重组质粒转化大肠杆菌R株来扩增，已知条件是所用的R菌株中只有EcoRI一种限制性内切酶，你设计如何做才能确保成功？为什么？（10分）2003年分子生物学一。

下列名词翻译成中文，并简要解释4*101.Domains and motifs2. Alternative splicing3.Reporter genes4. The PCR cycle5.Restriction mapping6.Multiple cloning sites7.DNA libraries8.Proteomics9.Replicon10. semi-conservative replication二。

分子生物考研试题及答案分子生物学考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. DNA双螺旋结构模型是由谁提出的？A. 孟德尔B. 达尔文C. 沃森和克里克D. 摩尔根答案：C2. 基因表达调控中，转录因子的作用是什么？A. 提供能量B. 催化反应C. 识别并结合特定的DNA序列D. 转运RNA3. 在DNA复制过程中，哪种酶负责解开双链DNA？A. DNA聚合酶B. DNA连接酶C. 解旋酶D. 限制性内切酶答案：C4. 真核生物中，mRNA的5'端通常被修饰成什么结构？A. 帽子结构B. 多聚A尾C. 磷酸二酯键D. 核糖体结合位点答案：A5. 哪种RNA分子在蛋白质合成中起到转运氨基酸的作用？B. rRNAC. mRNAD. snRNA答案：A6. 哪种类型的细胞器含有自己的DNA？A. 线粒体B. 高尔基体C. 内质网D. 溶酶体答案：A7. 基因突变中，哪种类型的突变会导致氨基酸序列的改变？A. 同义突变B. 错义突变C. 无义突变D. 移码突变答案：B8. 哪种类型的RNA干扰技术可以特异性地沉默基因表达？A. siRNAB. miRNAC. shRNAD. all of the above答案：D9. 哪种蛋白质复合体负责在翻译过程中将氨基酸添加到生长中的多肽链上？A. 核糖体B. tRNAC. 转录因子D. 内含子答案：A10. 在DNA测序中，Sanger测序法使用的终止核苷酸是什么？A. dNTPsB. ddNTPsC. rNTPsD. cNTPs答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. DNA的四种碱基分别是________、________、________和________。

答案：腺嘌呤（A）、胸腺嘧啶（T）、鸟嘌呤（G）、胞嘧啶（C）2. 在蛋白质合成中，________是mRNA上决定一个氨基酸的三个连续碱基。

答案：密码子3. 真核生物的基因表达调控中，________是位于基因启动子区域的DNA序列，可以被转录因子识别并结合。