写作教程第2版课件u10
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写作教程Unit 10(完整版)
Promote sales
Competition Exaggeration Lies
Informative Persuasive
Innovation
Celebrities Visual and sound effect on screen
SAMPLE 1 (PAGE99)
Advertising contains at least a minimum of information about products and services available. ①By providing such information, advertisers hope to fill in people’s cognitive maps. ②Advertisers also try to create favorable attitudes toward their products and specific brands and to link such products to existing needs. ③Lastly, advertisers hope to stimulate actual purchase behaviors. Thus, media advertising can have cognitive, affective and behavioral effects on consumers.
SAMБайду номын сангаасLE 1 (PAGE99)
Americans have even seen murder LIVE on their home screens. ① Tens of millions watched Lee Harvey Oswald being transferred to a jail to await trial for the assassination of President Kennedy when Oswald was suddenly shot to death before their eyes. ② Americans have watched heads of state take office, and be buried. The John Kennedy assassination and funeral were seen by 96 percent of all TV homes, each watching an average of 31 and a half hours. ③ Nine out of ten American families followed the moon flight of Apollo 11, watching an average of 15 hours. Television, in shout, over and above providing entertainment, can make America pay attention as can no other medium and informs the people in a way that the nation has never before been informed.
写作教程第二册chapter 10 punctuation 共24页PPT资料
• Comma (, )
– （1）joins short and closely related parallel sentences;
– （2）joins sentences with a coordinator like and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so;
Apostrophe ’ Dashes — Hyphen Brackets/Parentheses () [] Elliptical periods … Slash /solidus / Italic Capitalization Abbreviation WTO
10.1 Punctuation
1. Functions of punctuation 1）warm-up activities: p 156-file1-2 2) Summary of Functions of punctuation : （1）Punctuation marks are symbols that indicate the structure
– Period (. ) used to end a statement
• I have finished my breakfast .
– Question mark (?) - used to end a direct question
• Do you know when the train for Liverpool leaves?
10.1 Punctuation
• In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate(消除…的歧义) the meaning of sentences.
– （1）joins short and closely related parallel sentences;
– （2）joins sentences with a coordinator like and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so;
Apostrophe ’ Dashes — Hyphen Brackets/Parentheses () [] Elliptical periods … Slash /solidus / Italic Capitalization Abbreviation WTO
10.1 Punctuation
1. Functions of punctuation 1）warm-up activities: p 156-file1-2 2) Summary of Functions of punctuation : （1）Punctuation marks are symbols that indicate the structure
– Period (. ) used to end a statement
• I have finished my breakfast .
– Question mark (?) - used to end a direct question
• Do you know when the train for Liverpool leaves?
10.1 Punctuation
• In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate(消除…的歧义) the meaning of sentences.
习作2PPT课件
有一次和外校比赛，他投中了一个“三分球”。 从此，我们都叫他“大三”，他听了感到很自豪。
谢谢大家
谢谢大家
谢谢
再见
谢谢大家，再会！
习作2
今天，我们来为别人画一张像，可 以画同学、老师、家长，还可以画想象 中的人。画好了再写一写，除了写外貌， 还可以写写他的性格、爱好。
我的朋友武建设
也许是我们都叫“建设”的缘故吧，从一年级 起，我们就成了形影不离的好朋友。
武建设比我胖，比我高，在班里他是最高的。 他喜欢留小平头。眼睛不大，一笑起来几乎看不见 眼珠，但视力很好。他饭量大，力气也大，连走路 都带风。他是学校篮球队的主力队员，最喜欢穿一 身蓝色球衣。
谢谢大家
谢谢大家
谢谢
再见
谢谢大家，再会！
习作2
今天，我们来为别人画一张像，可 以画同学、老师、家长，还可以画想象 中的人。画好了再写一写，除了写外貌， 还可以写写他的性格、爱好。
我的朋友武建设
也许是我们都叫“建设”的缘故吧，从一年级 起，我们就成了形影不离的好朋友。
武建设比我胖，比我高，在班里他是最高的。 他喜欢留小平头。眼睛不大，一笑起来几乎看不见 眼珠，但视力很好。他饭量大，力气也大，连走路 都带风。他是学校篮球队的主力队员，最喜欢穿一 身蓝色球衣。
写作教程第二册chapter 10 punctuation(课堂PPT)
– Exclamation mark (! ) used to end an emphatic or strongly worded statement
• What a man!
• You're lying!
2) Follow-up activities: the Classroom Activities 2 on p158
• Writing: write a conclusion for a short composition
2
Teaching focus
• the functions of punctuation • how to end a sentence, how to join
sentences and how to punctuate a sentence • Writing: a conclusion for a short composition
Apostrophe ’ Dashes — Hyphen Brackets/Parentheses () [] Elliptical periods … Slash /solidus / Italic Capitalization Abbreviation WTO
4
10.1 Punctuation
5
10.1 Punctuation
• In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate(消除…的歧义) the meaning of sentences.
e.g. ① woman without her man is nothing "woman, without her man, is nothing.” "woman: without her, man is nothing.“ ② eats shoots and leaves "eats shoots and leaves" "eats, shoots and leaves."
写作教程 第二册答案ppt课件
6. Topic sentence:
5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2
7.
1) First of all 2) Secondly 3) By and by 4) In addition 5) In short
8.
Several techniques have been used to achieve coherence:
Unit 1
Follow-up exercises
Write a focused topic sentence for thБайду номын сангаас following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
balls on the branches near the base of the tree. Meanwhile, the two older children were placing ornaments on the higher branches. Finally, our parents completed the decorating by placing a beautiful goldenhaired angel at the very top of the tree. After we finished the tree, we hurriedly dressed and walked down the street to Midnight Mass. As we listened to the service, we remembered the reason we celebrated Christmas. Then we returned home where we ate some of Mother's Christmas goodies. We always ended our Christmas Eve ritual around 2 a.m. by gathering around the tree and singing "Silent Night."
写作教程第二册答案课件演示文稿
写作教程第二册答案课件演示 文稿
第1页，共81页。
（优选）写作教程第二册答案 课件
第2页，共81页。
Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
第13页，共81页。
3 . Then while resting 3. When the show was
and drinking Cokes, we over, we decided to
decided to visit Main spend the rest of our
Street.
short visit touring the
第9页，共81页。
Unit 2 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES
3. When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas
Eve ritual. We always began our private celebration promptly at 6 p.m. on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen. We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper. As soon as we finished the meal, we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree. The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful
第1页，共81页。
（优选）写作教程第二册答案 课件
第2页，共81页。
Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
第13页，共81页。
3 . Then while resting 3. When the show was
and drinking Cokes, we over, we decided to
decided to visit Main spend the rest of our
Street.
short visit touring the
第9页，共81页。
Unit 2 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES
3. When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas
Eve ritual. We always began our private celebration promptly at 6 p.m. on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen. We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper. As soon as we finished the meal, we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree. The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful
写作教程 第二册 答案PPT课件
.
2
Personality One's personality plays an important role in foreign language learning. Weather Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.
l) Repetition of key words: junk food, students (as are underlined)
2) Use of transitional signals: For one reason, Also, As a result, however (as are italicized)
Unit 1
Follow-up exercises
.
1
Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
Paragraph 3 Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.
.
4
5. Paragraph 1
The world has enjoyed many benefits from the invention of telephone. Paragraph 2 I had a terrible morning today.
写作教程第2版 ppt课件
chocolate chip cookies.
PPT课件
6
• Complete the table according to the steps in Sample 1:
• Step 1 Get ready flour, water, sugar, salt, eggs, and chocolate.
• The purpose of process description is usually to inform, teach, or give ideas to the reader about how something new (or interesting or conventional) happens or in what way it can be completed.
• Step 2 Mix flour and baking soda together with water.
• Step 3 Add salt and put butter and sugar together in a separate bowl.
• Step 4 Add two eggs to this mixture.
PPT课件
8
• Summarize the pattern of process description in the paragraph.
• We have observed that the sample paragraph explains or describes the successive steps of making some cookies for afternoon tea in Britain. This pattern of organization is called process writing. In this pattern, you may illustrate the process of doing something in detail from beginning to end. And the description of these details has to follow the order of the actual steps.
PPT课件
6
• Complete the table according to the steps in Sample 1:
• Step 1 Get ready flour, water, sugar, salt, eggs, and chocolate.
• The purpose of process description is usually to inform, teach, or give ideas to the reader about how something new (or interesting or conventional) happens or in what way it can be completed.
• Step 2 Mix flour and baking soda together with water.
• Step 3 Add salt and put butter and sugar together in a separate bowl.
• Step 4 Add two eggs to this mixture.
PPT课件
8
• Summarize the pattern of process description in the paragraph.
• We have observed that the sample paragraph explains or describes the successive steps of making some cookies for afternoon tea in Britain. This pattern of organization is called process writing. In this pattern, you may illustrate the process of doing something in detail from beginning to end. And the description of these details has to follow the order of the actual steps.
写作教程第版u ppt课件
problem of “the lack of parking” complained about by US city residents.
• 2. What are the organizational characteristics of the paragraph?
• The paragraph is organized on a pattern of single effect and multiple causes. After the problem is clearly presented at the beginning, the rest of the paragraph is devoted to the exploration of its causes. Altogether three major causes are discussed, from the obvious fact of the abandoned cars taking up parking spaces to the underlying financial headaches. In this way, the writing shows a logical cause-and-effect pattern, which might consequently attract more concern or efforts in the problem’s solution.
• In this pattern, you may state the issue, i.e. the effect, right at the beginning, and then guide the reader to track down some important evidence for the causes. The causes can be traced from the most superficial to the deepest, from the most direct to the most indirect, etc. In the end, it is advisable to suggest some solution to the problem, so that the whole writing has some significance.
• 2. What are the organizational characteristics of the paragraph?
• The paragraph is organized on a pattern of single effect and multiple causes. After the problem is clearly presented at the beginning, the rest of the paragraph is devoted to the exploration of its causes. Altogether three major causes are discussed, from the obvious fact of the abandoned cars taking up parking spaces to the underlying financial headaches. In this way, the writing shows a logical cause-and-effect pattern, which might consequently attract more concern or efforts in the problem’s solution.
• In this pattern, you may state the issue, i.e. the effect, right at the beginning, and then guide the reader to track down some important evidence for the causes. The causes can be traced from the most superficial to the deepest, from the most direct to the most indirect, etc. In the end, it is advisable to suggest some solution to the problem, so that the whole writing has some significance.
应用写作教程(第二版)ppt 第10章 应用文的写作技巧
（一）正文夹注 正文夹注也称文内注。一般用括号括起来，
穿插在正文后面。
（二）页末注
页末注也称脚注、呼应注。一般在正文要 加注之处的右上角标数码①、②……注文 排在本页末，注文与正文中间画一段横线， 这段横线一般称注线，长度约占版面宽度 的四分之一到二分之一。
（三）文末注
引用文件、经典著作、资料文句或某些必 要的注释，排在文末时，称文末注。
▪ （一）简称的构成 ▪ （二）使用简称应注意的事项
第四节 应用文中常见的语法错误
一、词的误用
汉语的词分为名词、动词、形容词、代词、 数词、量词、副词、介词、连词、助词、 感叹词。这11类词都有不同的语法特点， 如果我们在用词造句时混淆了这些特点， 就会犯误用词的错误。
二、句子成分残缺
在特定的语言环境下，句子是可以省略某 些成分的。省略，一定要使读者从上下文 中看出来是省略了什么，没有歧义。如果 不是这样，随便丢掉句子中的某个或几个 成分，就会造成句子成分残缺，影响意思 的表达。
二、什么是风格
风格是作家在长期创作实践中形成的独特 的反映生活的方式，它表现并取决于作家 的才气、习性、阅历、学识等，并不是所 有写文章的人都具有的；而文风则是每个 写文章的人必然存在的。
三、文风的作用
作为一种社会现象，文风是时代、社会的 产物；反过来，文风又给时代、社会以很 大影响。
四、应用文提倡什么样的文风
第三，翻译的人名、地名、国外机构等名称，应采用国 内通用的有关译名手册及资料，译法不一致时，应以现 行规定或“权威性”资料为准。
二、机关名称
应用文中使用机关名称必须准确。一般应 使用依照法律、章则确定的机关名称。
三、人名
运用中外人员及职衔、职称时要注意场合 并注意排列次序。书写中国人名时必须注 意用字准确。
穿插在正文后面。
（二）页末注
页末注也称脚注、呼应注。一般在正文要 加注之处的右上角标数码①、②……注文 排在本页末，注文与正文中间画一段横线， 这段横线一般称注线，长度约占版面宽度 的四分之一到二分之一。
（三）文末注
引用文件、经典著作、资料文句或某些必 要的注释，排在文末时，称文末注。
▪ （一）简称的构成 ▪ （二）使用简称应注意的事项
第四节 应用文中常见的语法错误
一、词的误用
汉语的词分为名词、动词、形容词、代词、 数词、量词、副词、介词、连词、助词、 感叹词。这11类词都有不同的语法特点， 如果我们在用词造句时混淆了这些特点， 就会犯误用词的错误。
二、句子成分残缺
在特定的语言环境下，句子是可以省略某 些成分的。省略，一定要使读者从上下文 中看出来是省略了什么，没有歧义。如果 不是这样，随便丢掉句子中的某个或几个 成分，就会造成句子成分残缺，影响意思 的表达。
二、什么是风格
风格是作家在长期创作实践中形成的独特 的反映生活的方式，它表现并取决于作家 的才气、习性、阅历、学识等，并不是所 有写文章的人都具有的；而文风则是每个 写文章的人必然存在的。
三、文风的作用
作为一种社会现象，文风是时代、社会的 产物；反过来，文风又给时代、社会以很 大影响。
四、应用文提倡什么样的文风
第三，翻译的人名、地名、国外机构等名称，应采用国 内通用的有关译名手册及资料，译法不一致时，应以现 行规定或“权威性”资料为准。
二、机关名称
应用文中使用机关名称必须准确。一般应 使用依照法律、章则确定的机关名称。
三、人名
运用中外人员及职衔、职称时要注意场合 并注意排列次序。书写中国人名时必须注 意用字准确。
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• Level of generality
• A paragraph usually contains statements at varying levels of generality. One statement is more general than another if it refers to a larger number of specific cases or if it attempts to cover a wider range; similarly, if a statement carries a smaller portion of the total message, it tends to be more specific.
• Sentence 2. The particular instances are inadequate to support the general conclusion, so this statement has a problem of hasty generalization.
• Please make a conclusion from the two sentences.
• Thus we can say that the level of generality depends on the context.
• 3. Rearrange these sentences to make a welldeveloped passage ending with the most general statement. Use linking words where necessary.
• Look at the following groups of sentences. In each group one sentence is a generalization and the other three are supporting examples. Please find out the generalization.
• Besides, the sentence “Television has bad effects on people” is an example in Group 1 and a generalization in Group 2. Similarly, the sentence “Television commercials distort the truth about products” is an example in Group 2 and a generalization in Group 3.
Generalization
• On many an occasion, paragraphs develop by beginning with specific instances and drawing from them a general truth or ending with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point of the paragraph. The way of arriving at conclusions is the process of induction which consists in forming generalizations from a sufficient number of observed instances.
• Both are faulty generalizations. • Sentence 1. The sentence moves from some
Americans to a conclusion drawn on all Americans. This is a problem of overgeneralization.
English Writing
Unit 10 Generalization
• Paragraph development by generalization is very much like paragraph development by examples. Both make use of developers. One difference is that the general idea is stated as a conclusion based on several examples, given as facts or opinions, which lead the reader to make the same conclusion.
• Faulty generalization is one of the commonest logical fallacies, sometimes called the hasty or unqualified generalization. It can frequently be traced to the unqualified use of such absolute words as all, always, anyone, best, every, everyone, everything, greatest, least, most, never, no, none, nothing and worst.
• The broader the generalization, the more likely it is in error.
• Linking Devices
• According to the two samples, please answer the questions.
• Which paragraph do you find easier to read? Why?
• Reference answer:
• What’s the effect of the mass media? Toothpaste does not make teeth white; the safety of electrical goods is exaggerated; many widely-advertised pain-killers are not effective. In fact, television commercials often distort the truth about products. Besides, crime films on
• In many cases, eliminating the unqualified word solves the problem. It is very difficult to make a generalization that is airtight, especially regarding a controversial topic. So we should be aware of this fact and try to make our generalizations as limited as possible.
• 2.On TV, I saw George Bush signing documents with his left hand. I saw Ronald Reagan signing documents with his left hand. I saw Bill Clinton signing documents with his left hand during his recent trip to China. Clearly, all American presidents are left-handed.
• television encourage violence and television documentaries stop people from thinking independently, which shows that television has bad effects on people. Furthermore, the fact that newspapers only give sensational news and radio programs are usually superficial proves that mass media are often badly used.
• Now, work in groups and find out those words or phrases that indicate relationships between specific details and general information.
• Questions
• 1. Underline the generalization in each group.
• Group 1: The mass media are often badly used.
• Group 2: Television has bad effects on people.
• Paragraph B is easier to understand and smoother to read, because it has the sentences linked together by sentence connectors, which make the writing more coherent.
• Faulty Generalization
• Read the following sentences, and decide whether they are good generalization. If not, give your reason(s).