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第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
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[新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson2] 新概念二课后所有答案新概念英语网权威发布新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson2，更多新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记相关信息请访问新概念英语网。
【导语】新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。
整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。
【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthequestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Whywasthewriter'sauntsurprised?ItwasSunday.InevergetupearlyonSundays.Isometimesstayinb stSundayIgotupverylate.Ilookedoutoft hewindow.Itwasdarkoutside.'Whataday!'Ithought.'It'srain ingagain.'Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.'I' vejustarrivedbytrain,'shesaid.'I'mcomingtoseeyou.''ButI'mstillhavingbreakfast,'Isaid.'Whatareyoudoing?'sheasked.'I'mhavingbreakfast,'Irepeated.'Dearme,'shesaid.'Doyoualwaysgetupsolate?It'soneo'clock !'【课文翻译】那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。
【T e x t1】I s i tt r u e t h a tt h e A m e r i c a n i n t e l l e c t u a li s r e j e c t e d a n d c o n s i d e r e do f n oa c c o u n t i nh i ss o c i e t y?I a m g o i n gt os u g g e s t t h a t i t i s n o t t r u e.F a t h e r B r u c k b e r g e r t o l d p a r t o f t h e s t o r y w h e n h e o b s e r v e d t h a t i t i s t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s w h o h a v e r e j e c t e d A m e r i c a.B u t t h e y h a v e d o n e mo r e t h a n t h a t.T h e y h a v e g r o w n d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h er o l eo f i n t e l l e c t u a l.I t i st h e y,n o t A me r i c a,w h oh a v eb e c o m e a n t i-i n t e l l e c t u a l.F i r s t,t h e o b j e c t o f o u r s t u d y p l e a d s f o r d e f i n i t i o n.Wh a t i s a n i n t e l l e c t u a l?46)I s h a l l d e f i n e h i m（知识分子）a s a n i n d i v i d u a l w h o h a s e l e c t e da s h i s p r i ma r y d u t y a n dp l e a s u r e i nl i f e t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h i n k i n g i n a S o c r a t i c w a y a b o u t m o r a l p r o b l e ms.【翻译】我是这样定义知识分子的（我认为知识分子应该是这样的人），他应该是选择苏格拉底的思考方式来思考道德问题，并且他还将这种思考方式作为其人生的重要职责以及快乐所在。
第二章汉英翻译基础知识1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰不成?”“You're makingthat up, I'm afraid,” teasedTan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made thingsup?” he retorte d with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“You don't know her, ”said Grandmo ther Jia merrily. “She's a holy terrorthis one. What we used to call in Nanking a ‘pepperc orn’. You just call her ‘Pepperc orn Feng’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹!”With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changin g your clothes beforegreetin g our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respect s to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过他?”“You're talking nonsens e again,”said his grandmo ther,laughin g. “How could you possibl y have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
B. 套话、惯用语或文言句式的转换：翻译时一般应遵循译入语的习惯，尽量找到对应的惯用表达。
（汉语多用四字结构）汉译英时可套用英语的程式化的、特别正式的词语，以保译文和原文意义和风格的一致。
●(15) Thank you for your kind consideration.●承蒙垂注，谨致谢意。
●(16) The extreme shortage of recent goods made us feel regretful being unable to offer theprice.●货源奇紧，歉难报盘。
（17）本人冒昧地邀请贵方光临我方展台，购买与否，悉听尊便。
●I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you may rest assured that you willnot be pressed to buy.●(18)兹通知，海尔公司将采取一切必要的措施，追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有海尔商标的当事人。
●Notice is hereby given that HAIER Co., Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against anyparty manufacturing and/or selling any products bearing the trade mark of "HAIER"without being authorized.●(19)甲方同意向乙方支付以下称为特许权使用的费用，该费用等于售货总额的5%。
●Party A agrees to pay to Party B an amount hereinafter called royalty equal to 5% of thegross sales.●(20)岳阳渔业公司（下称甲方）和厦门海产有限公司（下称已方）通过友好协商与谈判达成如下协议。
新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson7~9新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson7课文内容：The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Notes on the text 课文注释1 detectives were waiting at the airport all morning,侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。
句中的动词时态是过去进行时。
过去进行时常用来表示过去某时正在进行的情况或动作。
本课课文中有4个句子使用了过去进行时。
参看第1册第117-119等课中的例句。
WEEK 2 TRANSLATION PROCESS Literal & Liberal TranslationI Warm-up Practice✧Most automobile engines are internal combustion(内燃), reciprocating往复式4-stroke四冲程gasoline汽油engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel煤油and the 2-stroke.✧Homer sometimes nods.荷马有时也打盹智者千虑必有一失/人非圣贤孰能无过/人无完人✧Selling refrigerators to the Eskimos is like carrying coals to Newcastle.carry coal to Newcastle 画蛇添足向爱斯基摩人推销电冰箱简直是白费力气。
✧Chief Executive Donald Tsang曾荫权Edmund Ho何厚铧Bruce Lee 李小龙Jackie Chan成龙Andy Lau 刘德华✧Any person who in any manner, makes use of or accepts the use of any apparatus,appliance, facility, privilege, or service whatsoever owned, leased, or operated by the Club, or who engages in any contest, game, function, exercise, competition,or other activity operated, organized, arranged, or sponsored by the Club, either on or off the club premises, shall do so at his or her own risk, and shall release and hold the Club, CITIC Shanqin Bay Golf Club, their affiliates, operators, governors, Executive Committee, officers, employees, representatives, and agents harmless from any and all loss, cost, claim, injury, damage or liability sustained or incurred by him or her, resulting from encounters with snakes and/or other native wildlife while on Club property.炒牛河Wet/ Dry-fried rice noodles with sliced beef芒果冰沙Mango shakeII Translation Process翻译过程四步走1. 译前准备2. 原文理解3. 译语表达4. 校对定稿2.1 译前准备背景知识准备翻译目的、译文功能、翻译对象、客户要求……Translation brief （翻译要求）Target readerTranslation policyInternet, books, papers，references……2.1.1 背景知识准备杨苡Wuthering Heights《咆哮山庄》《呼啸山庄》2.1.2 《红楼梦》翻译杨宪益、戴乃迭（A Dream of Red Mansions ）戴维.霍克斯David Hawkes （The Story of the Stone）2.1.3 Internet search有道绍兴文理学院数据库香港律政司数据库北大法宝人大法律数据库Google ENGLISH WEBSITESTaiwanUKHK2.2 理解阶段2.2.1 Understand the context✧I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time. 我向来不大想看到你，咱们俩人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。
（没有爱可失去）We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us.当然喽，我们有时也免不了争论几句，但是我们还是相亲相爱。
（没有失去爱）✧Career officers complain about our educational system that presents them withschool-leavers without ideas for employment.下文（Employers deplore the fact that teenagers are unable to spell and write and calculate. ）译文一：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度在向社会提供毕业生时根本没有就业观念。
译文二：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度向社会提供的毕业生根本没有就业观念。
2.2.2 Understand words in the context✧The old man informed us that his wife had had thirteen children, one in everymonth of the year and one over besides.老人风趣地（煞有介事地）告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，如果用一年十二个月一个月一个的话，还多出一个来。
✧“死”in Chinese死、亡、故、卒、逝、殺、毙、殒、崩、薨亡故、身故、谢世、作古、归天、丧命、暴卒、夭折、羽化、就木、大行、殉情、挺腿、完蛋回老家、玩儿完、填沟壑、山陵崩溘然长逝、驾鹤西游、死于非命、玉殒香消、寿终正寝、一命呜呼、粉身碎骨、见马克思……“死”in Engli shDie, expire,Pass away,Kick the bucketRest in peaceBreathe one’s lastReturn to dustJoin the choir invisibleGo to one’s last homeGo to gloryDrop dead✧Sonnet 18 W. Shakespeare•Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?•Thou art more lovely and more temperate:•Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,•And summer's lease hath all too short a date:•Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,•And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,•By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:•But thy eternal summer shall not fade,•Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,•Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,•When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,•So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.✧He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of thepresident to be in office.昨晚我听到他把猪赶到市场上去了昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷，（声音就像把猪赶到市场上去一样）。
✧and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零（Abraham Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address）2.2.3 Understand the logic✧…When he was a young f ellow in the sixties.✧There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t makeyou too uncomfortable because you are in good company.2.3 To Express/reproduce定义：1.. Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.2. Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and main sentence structures or patterns.直译是指在尽量保持原文语言形式不变的基础上，用地道的译入语准确再现原作的内容与风格。
即在确切表达原文的基础上，注重原文的句子结构。
