2014上海徐汇、松江、金山区高考历史二模试题(附答案)_20140423102751716_803

某某市杨浦、静安、宝山、青浦四区2014届高三历史下学期质量调研（四区二模）华东师大版注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第1-30题每小题2分，第31-35题每小题3分，共75分）1.“美索不达米亚历史，在很大程度上也就是来自北面的入侵者印欧人与来自南面的入侵者闪米特人为争夺这块肥沃的大河流域地区而展开长达数千年的斗争的历史。

”此观点强调了A.人类文明的冲突B.古代战争的目的C.地理环境的影响D.历史形成的残酷2.《三字经》载：“周武王，始伐纣，八百载，最长久。

”周统治得以“长久”的制度保障是①分封制②内外服制③礼乐制度④中央集权制度A.①②B.②③C.①④D.①③3.“孔子在修订《春秋》时，同样记载战争，有伐、征、侵等区别，同样记载杀人，有杀、弑、歼等不同方式，这被称作‘春秋笔法’”。

这表明A．文字史料带有主观因素 B．史家热衷于战争杀伐的记录C．历史是个人心态的反映 D．文献史料不能反映真实历史4.“德者本也，财者末也。

外本内末，争民施夺。

是故才聚则民散，财散则民聚。

”持这种观点的是A.道家B.法家C.儒家D.佛家5.公元二世纪时，罗马帝国境内有个亚历山大港的小商人，他向当地放高利贷的大商人借贷，并立下了契约半年后还本付息，可由于经营不善，无力还钱。

为此大商人告上法庭，要求剥夺小商人的家产、包括小商人的二十个奴隶成为他家的奴隶。

法官可能的判决是：A.按照契约的规定执行B.准许原告的法律诉求C.要求当事方接受和解D.以非罗马人为由拒绝6.合理的制度是实现社会公平的重要力量。

下列制度促进了社会公平的是A.世袭制B.分封制C.科举制D.行省制7.“一板印刷，一板已自布字。

此印者才华，则第二板已具。

更互用之，瞬息可就。

2023年上海市徐汇区高考历史二模试卷1. 破“的”一语画眉深浅入时无？讲谈社《中国的历史》是由外籍史家撰写的历史丛书，丛书的每一卷均由“标题”和“副标题”构成，其副标题往往蕴含了作者对不同历史阶段主要特征的认识。

(1) 下表撷取了丛书中的部分标题，选择相关内容，将其补充完整。

（填涂字母）B.魏晋南北朝C.从城市国家到中华D.殷周、春秋战国E.绚烂的世界帝国F.辽、西夏、金、元(2) 丛书第一卷内容并非历史学家所写就，而是由考古学家完成。

你认为如此安排写作的理由何在？(3) 丛书第三卷以“秦始皇的遗产”作为副标题，可见其强调的是（双选）A.秦暴政与其速亡的关系B.嬴政创制对后世的影响C.秦汉制度内在肌理延续D.秦汉制度两者间的差异(4) 丛书第九卷以“海与帝国”作为副标题。

如果这一标题意在勾连明清时代国家政权与海洋的关系，请运用具体史实，说明对这种“关系”。

2. 武穆遗“书”空山不见人，但闻人语响。

阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：岳飞死后，其孙岳珂修书写道：“先臣之得罪，天下皆知其冤”；而宋高宗不仅禁绝有关岳飞的民间“私史”，在其委派秦桧之子主编的“官史”中对岳飞事迹亦多有篡改。

(1) 材料一所示现象足以说明（双选）A.作者身份对历史书写的影响B.“官史”不足为信C.史学研究需注意史料的来源D.“私史”即为真相材料二：元代，岳飞故事渐为世人熟知，但据统计，在元代杂剧中以岳飞为题材的剧目极少。

清雍正帝更是下令将岳飞迁出明朝加祀的“武庙”。

(2) 材料二中所示现象，是元、清两代A.民族意识觉醒的结果B.民族矛盾缓和的明证C.思想文化繁荣的表现D.民族矛盾仍存的表现材料三：乾隆年间，皇帝两次亲赴杭州岳飞庙拜谒，并多次派遣重臣致祭。

《岳庙志略》称乾隆帝前来“每次必制诗章，褒扬忠孝”。

(3) 下列关于乾隆对岳飞态度较前朝骤变原因的推测，较合理的有（三选）A.昭彰天子圣德B.弘扬礼教观念C.颠覆八旗制度D.拉拢汉族士人材料四：1908年前后，陶成章创立“革命协会”，规定组织入会“最好是在岳庙里”，且需宣读誓文“誓杀鞑子，报我祖宗的大仇”。

2014年高三历史教学质量检测试卷考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分｡2.本考试设为试卷和答题纸两部分,所有答题必须写在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律无效｡3.答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应,答题时应特别注意,不能错位｡一、选择题(共75分)1.下列四幅图片中反映了南亚次大陆古代文明成果的是A B C D2.雅典民主时期,“人民”的意志和利益高于一切｡古代雅典保障“‘人民’的意志和利益”的关键措施是A.设立公民大会B.进行抽签选举C.实行公职津贴D.采取轮流执政3.孔子和苏格拉底是古代东方与西方几乎同时期的思想界巨人｡两者思想的最大差异是A.重视理性思维B.肯定人的价值C.强调爱好知识D.恪守等级秩序4.现藏于上海博物馆的西周大克鼎被誉为“国之重器”｡史载西周“天子九鼎,诸侯七鼎,卿大夫五鼎,士三鼎或一鼎｡”它所反映的实质问题是A.西周有严格的等级制度B.西周青铜器数量比较少C.西周的冶铜业十分落后D.西周的经济发展不平衡5.有学者说,春秋战国时期,尤其是战国时期,既是血腥､残酷的时代,也是宽容的时代｡“宽容”具体指A.诸子“百家争鸣”B.商人地位提高C.私田被大量开垦D.诸侯重视教育6.丝绸是2000多年来中国的名片,丝绸之路从西汉开始至唐朝全盛,“它把诸多人类文明最重要的起源地,串联在了一起,被喻为世界历史展开的主轴｡”这里的“它”起点是下图中的7.宋代理学也被称为“道学”,对于这一名称,同学们发表各自见解｡甲:宋代理学融合道教思想,故名道学｡乙:宋代理学继承孔孟道统,因此得名｡丙:宋代理学探寻宇宙本原,是为道学｡丁:宋代理学思想与道教思想如出一辙｡上述见解正确的是A.甲､乙B.乙､丙C.丙､丁D.甲､丙8.《至正集》记载:“都省握天下之机,十省分天下之治｡”它所反映的政治制度是A.分封制B.郡县制C.郡国并行制D.行省制9.《史记·陈丞相世家》中说:“宰相者,上佐天子理阴阳,顺四时,下育万物之宜,外镇抚四夷诸侯,内亲附百姓,使卿大夫各得任其职焉｡”这些权力被剥夺是在A.唐朝B.宋朝C.明朝D.清朝10.“雍正七年(1729年),青海军事兴,始设军机房,领以亲王､大臣,予银印,印藏内奏事太监处,有事请而用之｡”这段材料表明军机处①因军事需要而设置②降低了行政效率③参与国事决策④由皇帝的亲信组成A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④11.右图是有着欧洲“大学之母”之称的意大利博洛尼亚大学的校徽｡大学的创办反映了①城市复兴的需要②商品经济发展需要③市民活动的需要④反封建斗争的需要A.①②③B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④12.13世纪和14世纪德意志的大城市变成了一个个富庶开明的小共和国,这种局面出现的直接原因是A.城市的复兴和商品经济活跃B.市民争夺司法权和行政权C.封建割据势力大于国王权力D.贵族和市民阶层共同参政13.15—17世纪在欧洲被称为“扩张的时代”,这种“扩张”对欧洲所产生的直接影响是A.促进了封建制度的解体B.开始了一系列航海探险活动C.促进了君主专制的形成D.加速了资本的原始积累过程14.萨维尔在《英格兰和威尔士农村人口减少》中,根据对英国某镇18个教区手工业者情况的调查,发现那里在1850年有鞋匠､木匠､石匠､铁匠､水轮工､茅屋工共328人,到1910年已降至118人｡出现上述情况的主要原因是A.圈地运动的结果B.城市化进程的加快C.人口流动的频繁D.工厂机械化的冲击15.托马斯·潘恩在1776年发表的《常识》一书中说:“所有正确的或合理的事情都为分离作辩护,被杀死的人的鲜血和造化的啜泣声在喊着:现在是分手的时候了……”这里的“分手”是指A.用武装斗争反抗英国统治 B.对英国政府采取外交孤立C.用武装斗争争取民族独立D.对英国政府实行经济封锁16.法国史学家托克维尔在论述法国大革命曾指出:“人们应当预见,大革命不是由某些集体事件引导,而是由一些抽象的原则和普遍的理论所引导｡” 托克维尔在此所述“抽象的原则和普遍的理论”不包括A.天赋人权说B.自由平等学说C.社会契约论D.科学社会主义17.近日,克里米亚半岛的政治局势备受世人关注｡160年前,这里也曾发生了令欧洲大国卷入其中的重大历史事件｡它成为某国社会转型的直接原因,这个国家是A.俄国B.法国C.德国D.英国18.在1878年的日本,儿童玩拍球游戏时,用10种最值得采用的新事物的名称来代替数字,它们分别是汽灯､蒸汽机､马车､照相机､电报､避雷针､报纸､学校､信箱和轮船｡这主要反映了日本A.殖产兴业的经济政策 B.富国强兵的奋斗目标C.全盘西化的生活方式D.文明开化的文化政策19.从文明史的角度看,鸦片战争是西方先进工业文明对中国落后农业文明的一次冲击｡下列选项中不能佐证这一观点的是A.中国封建经济日益解体,新的经济因素产生并发展B.中国开始丧失独立自主地位,逐渐沦为殖民地社会C.中西合璧､土洋并存是近代中国物质生活和社会习俗变迁的主要特征D.西学东渐,先进中国人学习西方逐步深入,旧制度､旧观念备受冲击20.右图所提倡的思想主张是A.师夷制夷B.中体西用C.维新变法D.民主共和21.著名学者辜鸿铭说:“咸同年间,粤匪扰乱｡清廷如一丛病之躯,几难著手｡得一时髦郎中湘乡曾姓者,拟方名曰□□□□□,服若干剂未见转机｡”材料中省略的字最可能是A.洋务清火汤B.新政补元汤C.宪政调味汤D.革命销魂汤22.“为安危大计,乞下明诏,行大赏罚,迁都､练兵､变通新法,以塞和款而拒外夷,保疆土而延国命｡”这一诉求得到众多知识分子积极响应｡下列对这一事件表述不正确的是A.揭开了维新变法运动的序幕B.使光绪帝痛下“明定国是”诏C.冲破了“孔孟之道”的禁锢D.没能阻止《马关条约》的签订23.下表所示为1750年至1900年,中国与英美在世界制造业产量的相对份额｡其中,造成这一时期中西制造业所占份额变化的最主要原因是世界工业生产相对份额(1750-1900年)(单位:﹪)A.市场需求B.原料来源C.生产目的D.生产方式24.陈独秀在《青年杂志》创刊号上发表《敬告青年》一文,其中说:“……以人事之进化言之,笃古不变之族,日就衰亡,日新求进之民,方兴未艾｡”文中“日新求进”的含义是A.变革思想观念B.变革社会政治制度C.改革教育制度D.宣传社会主义理论25.现代史学家金冲及先生说:“辛亥革命过了七年多,中国便发生了五四运动,这自然不是偶然的｡辛亥革命对五四运动有着多方面的深刻影响｡”以下选项中属于辛亥革命对五四运动深刻影响的是A.开展武装斗争B.确立共和政体C.反对君主专制D.传承民主精神26.在解救20世纪30年代经济危机中,罗斯福反危机措施的主要特点是A.规范金融秩序,抑制通货膨胀B.增加就业机会,扩大消费需求C.提供社会保障,缓和阶级矛盾D.政府对国家经济全面加强干预27.有学者认为:“冷战这一概念并不能涵盖战后世界历史,它只强调了军备竞赛对峙的一面,忽略了和平这一时代主流,应该说‘冷和平’或‘核和平’可能更贴近于现实｡”这位学者对冷战的重新定义是基于A.美苏两极格局的形成与对峙B.朝鲜半岛分裂和古巴导弹危机C.二战后国际格局的实际演变D.两个德国的统一和苏联的解体28.美国历史学家小施莱辛格曾这样评价尼克松—基辛格外交思想:“这对奇特的搭档使美国的外交政策甩掉了包袱,冲出了禁区,使全国的视线从意识形态转向了地缘政治,并且调整了美国政策以适应国际关系结构中的深刻变化｡”下列选项能佐证这一观点的是A.中国恢复在联合国合法席位B.美国放弃了遏制中国的政策C.中美两国正式建立外交关系D.中美两国关系走向了正常化29.中共十一届三中全会在许多重大问题上提出了全新的思想,其新思想主要表现在A.做出了实行改革开放的决策B.阐明检验真理的标准是实践C.确立了实事求是的思想路线D.阐明社会主义初级阶段理论30.“只有从真正的老百姓的生活状态中,才能对一个时代做出更客观准确的判断｡”中国历史博物馆收藏了上海一位普通纺织女工从1965—2002年的家庭“豆腐帐”,其中的每一笔开销,小到几分钱,大到几百元,无一遗漏｡这本账簿的历史价值主要在于A.真正反映中国百姓的生活状态B.为研究城市化提供第一手史料C.有助于全面和连续地认识历史D.反映一定时期的社会历史变迁以下每小题3分,共15分｡每一选项的分值可能为0､1､1､3分｡选出最佳一项,多选不得分｡31.刘邦在《大风歌》中既表达了创业的艰辛与豪迈,又蕴涵对守业艰难的隐忧｡为此,他采取的治国方略是基于A.殷､周,圣王也,而不革其制B.夏､商､周封建而延,秦郡邑而促C.徇周之制,剖海内而立宗子,封功臣D.海内新定,同姓寡少,惩戒亡秦孤立之败32.右图是关于马丁·路德改革的一幅图片,图中秤两端分别为天主教皇和《圣经》｡它所表达的寓意为A.挑战罗马天主教会的权威和教皇的贪婪盘剥B.打破《圣经》对人性的精神禁锢和思想压制C.否定天主教会特权,通过虔诚信仰救赎灵魂D.一本《圣经》的分量远大于天主教会的救赎33.有学者认为:“(光荣革命)不是一次微不足道的政变,也不是一次以建立‘平衡宪法’为归宿的政治妥协,而是议会与国王权力关系史上的决定性转折点｡”这里“转折点”指的是A.《权利法案》剥夺了国王的权力B.国家权力重心由国王转移至议会C.《权利法案》限制了国王的权力D.议会与国王在权力上实现了分权34.1793年怀特尼发明了轧棉机,被视作“美国农业上头等重要的一项发明｡”右图反映美国1792—1795年棉花出口情况｡该发明的直接影响是A.使棉花产品出口更具竞争力B.使棉花种植面积迅速地扩大C.使南方黑人劳动力数量激增D.对南方奴隶制带来巨大冲击35.台湾著名女作家龙应台在《全球化了的我在哪里》中写道:“我们不管是北京还是上海､台北､香港,在被全球化席卷而来,就是说那个浪冲过来,我们的脚站在那个沙滩里头,你要知道你的脚站的沙不完全从你的脚下整个被掏空,你一定还要有土壤｡”据此,我们可以推知她对全球化的态度是A.全球化大潮可迎不可拒B.全球化要立足于本土化C.全球化将冲击本土文化D.全球化无异于洪水猛兽二、非选择题(共75分)36.文学中的历史(13分)材料一:《水浒》中的林冲曾官居“八十万禁军教头”｡材料二:宁为百夫长,胜作一书生｡——唐杨炯《从军行》男儿何不带吴钩,收取关山五十州?请君暂上凌烟阁,若(哪)个书生万户侯?——唐李贺《南园》材料三:富家不用买良田,书中自有千锺粟;安居不用架高楼,书中自有黄金屋;……——宋真宗(赵恒)《励学篇》莫道儒冠误,诗书不负人; 达而相天下,穷则善其身｡——《神童诗》北宋汪洙编问题:(1)材料一中的“禁军”具体指什么?结合当时全国总兵力约有一百多万的实际,你如何理解材料一所述现象?(4分)(2)从材料二和材料三可以看出社会价值观念正在发生怎样的转变?(2分)导致该转变的原因有哪些?(5分)(3)依据上述分析,你如何看待文学作品的史料价值?(2分)37.早期法律条文(13分)债权人可将无力偿还的债务人,交付法庭审判,直至将其戴上足枷､手铐,甚至杀死或卖之为奴｡妇女不得参与任何公务｡任何人非经审判,不得处死刑｡拷问不得施加于14岁以下的未成年人｡对一切刑事判决不服的,有权上诉｡在诉讼过程中,当事人必须严格使用法律术语,否则即使理由充分也会败诉｡奴隶和隶农必须无条件服从主人｡问题:(1)上述古代法律条文,最可能是出自于古巴比伦的法律还是古代罗马的法律?请依据对条文内容的分析来说明判断理由｡(11分)(2)该古代法律有何历史影响?(2分)38.最早征婚广告(12分)1902年6月26日和7月27日,在中国南北最开明的两份大型日报——天津《大公报》和上海《中外日报》上,相继刊载了由同一人求登的一则征婚广告｡全文如下:今有南清志士某君,北来游学｡此君尚未娶妇,意欲访求天下有志女子,聘定为室｡其主义如下:一要天足,二要通晓中西学术门径,三聘娶仪节悉照文明通例,尽除中国旧有之陋俗｡如有能合以上诸格及自愿出嫁,又有完全自主权者,毋论满汉新旧,贫富贵贱,长幼妍媸,均可｡请即邮寄亲笔覆函,若在外埠,能附寄大著或玉照更妙｡征婚广告登出后,在女性世界掀起了抨击指责的轩然大波｡以下是其中的一封批评信件:所谓南清志士,究竟是何许人?为何隐名不报?观其口气,大有以中国伟人自居之意,实际上只不过是一个口谈维新的庸人罢了｡何也?既然征婚求偶,就该自报家门,介绍自己的品行职业｡当今之世,不仅男择女,女也有择男的权利,西方男女订婚,都有个相互了解的过程｡今此君开列对女方的三个条件,对自己的情况却讳莫如深,直将吾中华二万万女子视为随意摆布的姬妾｡问题:你如何看待该征婚广告引起的争议?(12分)39. 20世纪的美国(12分)随着历史风云变幻,美国在20世纪的国际格局和经济全球化进程中的地位和作用不断发生变化,请叙述这一变化过程｡40.马戛尔尼来华的信息传递(25分)1792 年, 英国国王乔治三世派遣马戛尔尼勋爵为正使的庞大使团出使中国, 这是中英外交史上第一次正式的官方交流｡以下两则材料,反映出双方信息传递的差异｡材料一:中方官员翻译稿英吉利总头目官管理贸易事百灵谨禀请天朝大人钧安,敬禀者我国王兼管三处地方,向有夷商来广贸易,素沐皇恩,今闻天朝大皇帝八旬万寿,未能遣使晋京叩祝,我国王心中惶恐不安,今我国王命亲信大臣,公选妥干贡使马戛尔尼前来,带有贵重贡物进呈天朝大皇帝,以表其慕顺之心,唯愿大皇帝施恩远夷,准其永远通好……材料二:英方所要表达的原意最仁慈的英王陛下听说:贵国皇帝庆祝八十万寿的时候,本来准备着英国住广州的居民推派代表前往北京奉申祝敬,但据说该代表等未能如期派出,陛下感到十分遗憾｡为了对贵国皇帝树立友谊,为了改进北京和伦敦两个王朝的友好往来,为了增进贵我双方臣民之间的商业关系,英王陛下特派遣参议官､贤明干练的马戛尔尼勋爵作为全权特使代表英王本人谒见中国皇帝,深望通过他来奠定两者之间的永久和好｡——以上材料均选自《信息传递与中国传统官僚的政治心理》问题:(1)该事件发生的历史背景是什么?(2分)(2)比较上述材料,概括两个文本的内容差异｡(8分)(3)你如何理解中方官员的翻译?(15分)2014年高三历史教学质量检测试卷答案及评分标准参考一、选择题:(1—30题,每题2分;31—35题,分值为0､1､1､3分)二､非选择题:36.(1)宋时驻守中央的军队｡说明宋朝实行内重外轻的军事方针,一方面有利于防止地方势力拥兵对抗朝廷,但另一方面却造成了地方及边疆力量薄弱的局面｡(4分)(2)从唐时的尚武到宋时的崇文｡(2分)鉴于唐末以来藩镇拥兵自重､禁军将领篡夺皇位的教训,宋统治者进行改革｡宋以“重文轻武”为基本国策;并通过科举制提拔文人担任要职;形成文官体制｡(5分)(4)文学作品一方面能在一定程度上反映历史细节及社会价值观念的变迁等;但另一方面,作为艺术作品,有虚构想象的成分,或带有作者的主观认识,需要进一步辨析｡(2分)37.(1)古代罗马(1分)｡判断理由:体现出古罗马人的法治精神和追求法律地位平等的决心(2分)——如保护债权人利益,任何人非经审判不得处死刑,对一切刑事判决不服的有权上诉,拷问不得施加于14岁以下的未成年人,当事人必须严格使用法律术语等(2分)｡同时,又体现出古罗马奴隶制度下特定的时代特征和利益诉求(2分)——如可将债务人杀死或卖身为奴的残酷性,妇女不得参与任何公务,奴隶和隶农必须无条件服从主人等(2分)｡而《汉穆拉比法典》则全面维护统治阶级的根本利益,严格规定了各个阶层的义务,与上述条文所体现出的整体性法治精神不一致｡(2分)(2)罗马法以期丰富的内容和比较完备的形式对后来欧洲各国的法律制度产生了深远的影响;古代罗马人的法治精神和法律意识则为后人树立了榜样｡(2分)38. 史论(10分,见下)水平l:能透过材料表象,分析出矛盾是新旧并存､社会转型的本质反映｡(9-10分)(能在水平2的基础上,自然分析出上述结论,则在水平2得分的基础上适当加1-2分即可;如果缺乏水平2的分析直接得出结论,则不得分)水平2:能结合史实从不同视角分析出征婚广告反映出当时即使是思想先进的青年,头脑中依然保留着传统士大夫的男子中心主义;批评的信件则反映出女子人权意识的觉醒｡(4-8分)(分析出两个方面,每个方面赋分4分,其中史实2分,观点2分;整体把握上要注意史实的完整性､两则材料之间的关联性､论证的逻辑性､历史概念的科学性等)水平3:能运用多个史实,仅分析出清末婚姻观念进步的一面或保守的一面｡(0-3分)(只有结论没有观点不得分;2个以上史实2分+结论1分;史实不足则适当扣分)组织(2分)(整体连贯,层次清晰,表述严谨,2分;其余则酌情给分)39.史实(10分,见下)1､19世纪末20世纪初,伴随第二次科技革命,美国成为世界头号工业化国家,孕育了打破新航路开辟以来欧洲列强主宰世界的国际格局的新的因素;同时,新技术､新兴工业和垄断资本等的出现,都为经济全球化创造有利条件｡(2分)2､20世纪初的一战导致各国实力进一步发生变化,战后初期,美国主导的华盛顿体系确立了太平洋地区的新秩序;20年代末,美国的世界贸易居世界首位,资本输出仅次于英国,在世界经济中的地位日显重要｡(2分)3､经过20世纪30-40年代的“大萧条”和第二次世界大战,国际力量对比发生根本性变化,战后形成了美苏主导的雅尔塔两级体制;在世界经济秩序方面,“布雷顿森林体系”标志着以美元为中心的世界货币体系建立起来,同时,美国引领的战后科技革命加速了经济全球化的进程｡(3分)4､20世纪80年代末以来,两级格局结束,随着俄罗斯､日本､欧盟､中国等的发展,世界向着多极化发展,美国在国际格局中霸主的地位逐渐下降;同时,随着布雷顿森林体系的瓦解､欧元等国际货币地位的提高,东盟等区域经济组织及世界贸易组织等全球性经济组织的作用发挥,美国在经济全球化中的主导作用也逐渐下降｡(3分)组织(2分)40.(1)中国正处于农业文明的最后辉煌时期,英国正处于工业文明开始时期｡(2分)(2)中方官员并没有严格按照原意进行翻译,而是进行了夸大,并加入了自己的观点,如“素沐皇恩”､“惶恐不安”等(2分:观点1分,史实1分);英方的原意体现出平等观念,中方的翻译体现出等级差异,如将英方称“夷”､以及“表慕顺之心”等(3分:观点完整2分,史实1分);英方的目的是为了增进商业关系,而中方翻译稿则说是“带有贵重贡物”､“贡使”､“施恩远夷”等,体现朝贡关系(3分:观点完整2分,史实1分)｡(3)本大题采用分项评分方法｡评分观察的要素是:观点､史实､论述､组织｡评分项一:观点(4分)水平1:能够从两个文稿的比较诠释中提出核心观点｡(4分)·中国官员的欺骗行为,体现了对西方世界的无知,以及东方农业文明与西方工业文明､专制主义中央集权政体与资本主义君主立宪政体､闭关锁国与对外开放政策的不同;是中国传统官僚忠君､明哲保身思想和朝贡贸易体系下封闭自大心态的反映｡水平2:能依据材料就中方翻译提出表层观点｡(2分)·中方翻译存在主观故意,是当时中国封建专制､闭关锁国的国情导致的｡水平3:脱离材料,或罗列材料,复述教科书的观点｡(1分)水平4:无观点,或观点与文本无关｡(0分)评分项二:史实(4分)水平1:能提取材料所提供的信息,并能将其与所处的背景､立场等史实建立联系｡(4分)水平2:能从材料提取直接与间接的信息｡(3分)水平3:能从材料中提取直接的信息｡(2分)水平4:没有使用材料信息｡(0分)评分项三:论述(5分)水平1:能够进行深刻的论述｡(5分)水平2:史实､观点与论证三者能做到一致,逻辑完整｡(3分)水平3:史实､观点与论证三者不一致,逻辑混乱､跳跃｡(1分)水平4:回避问题(0分)评分项四:组织(2分)水平1:叙述成结构(2分)水平2:叙述连贯通顺(1分)水平3:仅能罗列史实(0分)注:有观点而无史实者,不给分｡。

2013学年第二学期徐汇区、松江区、金山区学习能力诊断高三年级英语学科2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later. B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers. D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn‟t got a w hole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer. D. A receptionist.10. A. He‟s not surprised at the woman‟s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won‟t give th e woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman‟s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river. B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others‟ drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver‟s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican P arty. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only a four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver's window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There‟s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility ser iously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of Califor nia, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,”said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers‟ book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger‟s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I‟d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I‟ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I‟m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you thefirst time we fought, but I want you to know I‟m not,”he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, …Good work, Tony‟ and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“Here‟s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That‟s the problem with gossip: it‟s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “L et‟s meet for coffee andhave a bit of a gossip,”I‟m inviting you to a social 45______ in which twopeople chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be verydull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it‟s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do notmean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______.A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it‟s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer‟s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world‟s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico‟s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51.A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading52.A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour53.A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately54.A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation55.A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible56.A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom57.A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable58.A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation59.A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences60.A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed61.A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes62.A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic63.A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social64.A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively65.A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. educationSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don‟t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise useof fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person‟s body doesn‟t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask a t this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor‟s supervision.66.After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don‟t give the body everything itneeds.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body whatit needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the requiredvitamins.68.Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69.According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald‟s in April. Within a month doct ors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After a ll, McDonald‟s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald‟s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). M r. Cantalupo was a McDonald‟s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promise d chief executive‟s address, from the firm‟s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm‟s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald‟s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team‟s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald‟s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald‟s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70.The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board‟s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71.The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someonewho _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person‟s position when that person leaves72.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People‟s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73.In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one‟s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objectspresented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74.According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75.What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one‟s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76.According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77.Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon(1865) and Around the Moon(1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne‟s predictions were very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne‟s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne‟s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne‟s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by using the concept of suspended animation —a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures of a large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.It‟s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fictio n writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today‟s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.78.According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future spacetravel might look like?79.If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would___________________________.80.The space travelers in early science fictions didn‟t wear space suits, because___________________________________________________.81.According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to_______________________________(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)。

上海市2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试历史试题有答案（考试时间：120分钟；总分：150分）一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第1-30题每小题2分，第31-35题每小题3分，共75分）1．“若他（自由民）毁坏一贵族的眼睛，他应将自己的眼睛弄瞎……若他毁坏另一平民的眼睛……应赔偿一米纳白银……若他毁坏另一自由民的奴隶的眼睛……应折价赔偿。

‛以上材料译自A．古代埃及的象形文字 B．古代两河流域的楔形文字C．古代印度的《罗摩衍那》 D．殷墟出土的甲骨文2．伯利克里时代，雅典实施民主政治，但真正享有民主权利的只有A．城邦贵族和平民 B．城邦成年公民C．城邦男性公民 D．城邦成年男性公民3．“汉承秦制”，汉初承得走样的是A．皇帝制度 B．中央官制 C．郡县制度 D．监察制度4．“诏不得以北语言于朝廷。

若有违者，免居所官”。

从语意判断，该史料出自A．《魏书》 B．《汉书》C．《隋书》 D．《旧唐书》5．“莫道英雄起禁营，从前社稷赖屠城。

浮梁巧取江南郡，杯酒轻收肘腋兵。

”诗中的“英雄”是A．秦始皇 B．汉武帝 C．唐太宗D．宋太祖6. “讲到中国的地方行政，只能说是汉代好，唐代比较还好，宋代就太差了。

”钱穆先生评判三代地方行政好坏的核心着眼点是A．行政效率 B．监督力度 C．忠诚程度 D．勘乱能力7. 元朝实行行省制度，从职能上看，元朝的中书省大致相当于A．唐朝的尚书省 B．宋朝的枢密院C．明代的内阁 D．清代的军机处8. 以下疆域轮廓示意图中，明朝疆域图是A B C D9. 《元史•卷202》载：“元起朔方，固已崇尚释教（佛教），及得西域，世祖以地广而险远，……思有以因其俗而柔其人，乃郡县土番之地，设官分职，而领之于帝师。

”这里 “官” 的管辖权属于A ．宣政院B ．腹里C ．理藩院D ．驻藏大臣10. 明人张瀚在《松窗梦语》中说：“且缘入贡为名，则中国之体愈尊，而四夷之情愈顺。

即厚往薄，所费不足当互市之万一。

松江区2023学年度第二学期等级考质量监控试卷高三历史（满分100分，完卷时间60分钟）2024.4考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

一、文学叙史（24分）文学是历史的一面镜子。

阅读材料，回答下列问题：A.刻有《吉尔伽美什史诗》的泥板B.《伊戈尔远征记》中的插画C.《源氏物语》中的插画D.《摩诃婆罗多》中的插画E.《罗兰之歌》中的插画1.请将上图中的文学作品与其诞生地相对应（填涂字母，10分）2.观察“中国文学发展史”时间轴，回答问题：《上林赋》《红楼梦》华为阅读APP（1）结合所学知识，宋词和元曲繁荣的原因包括（双选，填涂字母，4分）A.城市经济的繁荣B.印刷术走向普及C.商帮群体的推动D.手工工场的兴起（2）鲁迅的《狂人日记》是一部白话小说，这一做法响应了（单选，填涂字母，2分）A.百日维新的办报理念B.清末新政的文教政策C.南京临时政府的除旧布新D.新文化运动的倡导（3）当代文学载体的电子化特点直接得益于？（单选，填涂字母，2分）A.全球贸易网络的形成B.工业革命的推动C.信息技术革命的发展D.城市化进程的影响3.综合上述材料，概括中国文学发展的趋势。

（6分）二、何谓“西方”？（26分）“西方”是一个频频出现于历史学习中的概念，某学校历史学习社对该词语的历史内涵进行了探究。

甲同学列出了一些影响西方历史进程的重要人物。

周秦汉唐宋元清民国当代A.亚里士多德B.查士丁尼一世C.查理曼大帝D.牛顿E.康德F.马克思4.将上图中的历史人物与其贡献相对应，完成表格。

（填涂字母，12分）乙同学梳理了西方影响世界的重要线索。

人物事迹①编纂《罗马民法大全》，对欧洲的法学思想和法制的发展产生深远影响。

②启蒙思想集大成者，认为人应该独立思考，理性判断，主张民主、自由、平等。

上海历史试卷一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1.“凡父母双方均为公民者有公民权，公民十八岁时在他们村社的名薄中登记。

”这一规定最有可能出现在A.古代埃及B. 古代印度C. 古代希腊D. 古代中国2.下图所示为某一宗教的发源地和传播路线，这一宗教是A. 犹太教B. 佛教C. 基督教D. 伊斯兰教3.炎帝是我国传说中的英雄，又称神农氏。

据传他使用“焚林而田”的耕作方法，还发明耒、耜等生产工具。

这些传说A.折射出中国农耕文明源远流长B.可以作为中国原始农耕的直接证据C.是一种没有史料价值的想象D.证明了炎帝的真实存在4.右图反映的情景式A.柏拉图在雅典学园讲课B.中世纪大学教师在授课C.主教与教士讨论教会事务D.民间艺人吟诵《荷马史诗》5.儒学成为官学是由哪位思想家的主张直接促成的？A.孔子B. 孟子C. 董仲舒D. 朱熹6. 唐朝贵族的体育活动广泛多样，马球运动尤为盛行。

下列与此现象有关的史实是A.丝绸之路的繁盛使洗浴的风物传入中国B.海上丝绸之路带来了国家财富的增长C.朝贡贸易加强了与南洋诸国的交流D.民间海外贸易因海禁政策取消再度活跃7.古代有一位汉族士大夫教他十七岁的儿子学习鲜卑语、弹琵琶。

儿子通晓这些技能之后，以此侍奉达官贵人，深得他们宠爱。

这一情形最有可能发生在、A.秦朝B. 西汉C. 唐朝D. 北齐8.王安石认为国家积贫积弱的根本在于生产少，生产少儿民不富，民不富则国不强。

为根本上解决问题他颁布了A.募兵法和保甲法B. 青苗法和农田水利C. 将兵法和均衡法D. 方田均税法和科举新法9.将粘土上刻成一个个单字，烧硬后用于排版印刷。

印完一版，单字可以卸下以备再用。

此项技术最早记载于A.《史通》B. 《农政全书》C. 《农书》D. 《梦溪笔谈》10.元代加强了对疆域的有效管理，其中管辖琉球的机构是A.江浙行省B. 宣政院C. 中书省D.澎湖巡检司11.为了完成下列“中外文化交流”时间轴，在“？”出应填上A.日本派出遣唐使B.严复所译《天演论》发表C.火药传入阿拉伯地区D.利玛窦和徐光启合译《几何原本》12.“恻隐之心，仁之端也；羞恶之心，义之端也；辞让之心，礼之端也；是非之心，智之端也。

２０１４年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试历史试题（上海卷）１．【答案】Ｃ　【解析】四个选项之中，古代埃及、古代印度、古代中国，均为专制国家，只有臣民的概念而没有公民的概念，公民这一概念是与城邦联系在一起的，只有城邦林立的古希腊有公民的概念。

故选Ｃ。

２．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】从图中可以看出，这一宗教兴起于印度，主要传播的路径为向中国、东南亚方向传播，由此判断为佛教。

犹太教兴起于西亚地区，基督教产生于地中海沿岸的巴勒斯坦，伊斯兰教兴起于沙特阿拉伯的麦加，均与地图所示地区不符。

故选Ｂ。

３．【答案】Ａ　【解析】因为是传说，所以不能作为研究历史的直接证据，排除Ｂ选项；传说也有一定的根据并非完全凭空想象，排除Ｃ选项；题干所给材料主要侧重于农业而不是炎帝是否存在，排除Ｄ选项。

４．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】柏拉图在雅典学院讲课，师生之间是一种平等的关系，图中反映不出，排除Ａ选项；从图中人物的服饰可以看出不是教会事务，排除Ｃ选项；读图无法看出《荷马史诗》这一信息，排除Ｄ选项。

从图中可以看出，这一时期师生之间的等级关系，符合欧洲中世纪的特点。

故选Ｂ。

５．【答案】Ｃ　【解析】儒学成为官学是在汉武帝时期，董仲舒在这一时期提出的“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”被汉武帝所采纳，由此儒学成为官学。

故选Ｃ。

６．【答案】Ａ　【解析】题干强调马球的盛行，这与从西域地区广泛传入中国大量的马匹有关，Ａ项正确。

海上丝绸之路带来了财富，但无法直接带来马匹，排除Ｂ选项；与南海诸国的交流也无此联系，排除Ｃ选项；唐代尚无海禁政策，排除Ｄ选项。

７．【答案】Ｄ　【解析】从题干中学习“鲜卑语、弹琵琶”可知受到少数民族风俗的影响，而秦、西汉、唐均为统一的汉族王朝，加上“通晓这些技能之后，以此侍奉达官贵人，深得他们宠爱”可知这一时期占统治地位的是少数民族政权。

故选Ｄ。

８．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】从题干可知，王安石要解决“生产少”的问题。

Ａ选项中保甲法与生产无关，排除；Ｃ选项中的将兵法与军事相关，排除；Ｄ选项中的科举新法与生产无关，排除；青苗法和农田水利法均是与农业生产密切相关的，故选Ｂ。

2014年上海市松江区、徐汇区、金山区高考数学二模试卷（文科）一．填空题：（本题满分56分，每小题4分）1．（4分）已知集合A={x|＜0}，B={x|x2﹣2x﹣3≥0，x∈R}，则A∩B=．2．（4分）直线x+y+1=0的倾斜角的大小为．3．（4分）函数y=cos（2x+）的单调递减区间是．4．（4分）函数的值域．5．（4分）设复数z满足i（z+1）=﹣3+2i，则=．6．（4分）某学校高一、高二、高三共有2400名学生，为了调查学生的课余学习情况，拟采用分层抽样的方法抽取一个容量为120的样本．已知高一有760名学生，高二有840名学生，则在该学校的高三应抽取名学生．7．（4分）函数的最小正周期T=．8．（4分）已知函数f（x）=arcsin（2x+1），则f﹣1（）=．9．（4分）如图在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中∠ACB=90°，AA1=2，AC=BC=1，则异面直线A1B与AC所成角的余弦值是．10．（4分）已知实数x、y满足不等式组，则z=3x+4y的最大值是．11．（4分）若（1﹣）n（n∈N*，n＞1）的展开式中x﹣4的系数为a n，则（++…+）=．12．（4分）如图，三行三列的方阵中有9个数a ij（i=1，2，3；j=1，2，3），从中任取三个数，则这三个数位于不同行不同列的概率是．（结果用分数表示）13．（4分）对于集合A={a1，a2，…，a10}，定义集合S={x|x=a i+a j，1≤i＜j≤10}，记集合S中的元素个数为S（A）．若a1，a2，…，a10是公差大于零的等差数列，则S（A）=．14．（4分）如图所示，在边长为2的正六边形ABCDEF中，动圆Q的半径为1，圆心在线段CD（含端点）上运动，P是圆Q上及内部的动点，设向量=m+n（m、n为实数），则m+n的最大值为．二．选择题：（本题满分20分，每小题5分）15．（5分）命题p：a≥1；命题q：关于x的实系数方程x2﹣2x+a=0有虚数解，则p是q的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件16．（5分）已知直线l⊥平面α，直线m⊂平面β，有下面四个命题，其中正确命题是①α∥β⇒l⊥m②α⊥β⇒l∥m③l∥m⇒α⊥β④l⊥m⇒α∥βA．①与②B．①与③C．②与④D．③与④17．（5分）在△ABC中，角A、B、C的对边分别是a、b、c，且∠A=2∠B，则等于（）A．B．C．D．18．（5分）函数图象上存在不同的三点到原点的距离构成等比数列，则以下不可能成为公比的数是（）A．B．C．D．三．解答题：（本大题共5题，满分74分）19．（12分）如图示，给出的是某几何体的三视图，其中正视图与侧视图都是边长为2的正三角形，俯视图为半径等于1的圆．试求这个几何体的侧面积与体积．20．（14分）如图所示，某旅游景点有一座风景秀丽的山峰，山上有一条笔直的山路BC和一条索道AC，小王和小李打算不坐索道，而是花2个小时的时间进行徒步攀登．已知∠ABC=120°，∠ADC=150°，BD=1（千米），AC=3（千米）．假设小王和小李徒步攀登的速度为每小时1200米，请问：两位登山爱好者能否在2个小时内徒步登上山峰．（即从B点出发到达C点）21．（14分）已知椭圆x2+2y2=a2（a＞0）的一个顶点和两个焦点构成的三角形的面积为4．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）已知直线y=k（x﹣1）与椭圆C交于A、B两点，若点M（，0），求证•为定值．22．（16分）定义：对于函数f（x），若存在非零常数M，T，使函数f（x）对于定义域内的任意实数x，都有f（x+T）﹣f（x）=M，则称函数f（x）是广义周期函数，其中称T为函数f（x）的广义周期，M称为周距．（1）证明函数f（x）=x+（﹣1）x（x∈Z）是以2为广义周期的广义周期函数，并求出它的相应周距M的值；（2）试求一个函数y=g（x），使f（x）=g（x）+Asin（ωx+φ）（x∈R）（A、ω、φ为常数，A＞0，ω＞0）为广义周期函数，并求出它的一个广义周期T 和周距M；（3）设函数y=g（x）是周期T=2的周期函数，当函数f（x）=﹣2x+g（x）在[1，3]上的值域为[﹣3，3]时，求f（x）在[﹣9，9]上的最大值和最小值．23．（18分）一个三角形数表按如下方式构成（如图：其中项数n≥5）：第一行是以4为首项，4为公差的等差数列，从第二行起，每一个数是其肩上两个数的和，例如：f（2，1）=f（1，1）+f（1，2）；f（i，j）为数表中第i行的第j个数．（1）求第2行和第3行的通项公式f（2，j）和f（3，j）；（2）证明：数表中除最后2行以外每一行的数都依次成等差数列；（3）求f（i，1）关于i（i=1，2，…，n）的表达式．2014年上海市松江区、徐汇区、金山区高考数学二模试卷（文科）参考答案与试题解析一．填空题：（本题满分56分，每小题4分）1．（4分）已知集合A={x|＜0}，B={x|x2﹣2x﹣3≥0，x∈R}，则A∩B={x|﹣5＜x≤﹣1}．【考点】1E：交集及其运算．【专题】51：函数的性质及应用；5J：集合．【分析】利用分式不等式和一元二次不等式分别求出集合A和B，由此能求出A ∩B．【解答】解：∵集合A={x|＜0}={x|﹣5＜x＜2}，B={x|x2﹣2x﹣3≥0，x∈R}={x|x≤﹣1或x≥3}，∴A∩B={x|﹣5＜x≤﹣1}．故答案为：{x|﹣5＜x≤﹣1}．【点评】本题考查集合的交集的运算，是基础题，解题时要认真审题，注意分式不等式和一元二次不等式的合理运用．2．（4分）直线x+y+1=0的倾斜角的大小为．【考点】I2：直线的倾斜角．【专题】5B：直线与圆．【分析】化直线的一般式方程为斜截式，求出直线的斜率，由倾斜角的正切值等于斜率求倾斜角．【解答】解：由x+y+1=0，得，∴直线x+y+1=0的斜率为，设其倾斜角为θ（0≤θ＜π），则，∴θ=．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查直线的倾斜角，考查直线倾斜角与斜率的关系，是基础题．3．（4分）函数y=cos（2x+）的单调递减区间是．【考点】HA：余弦函数的单调性．【专题】57：三角函数的图像与性质．【分析】根据余弦函数的单调性的性质即可得到结论．【解答】解：由2kπ≤2x+≤2kπ+π，即kπ﹣≤x≤kπ，k∈Z故函数的单调减区间为，故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查余弦函数的单调性的求法，要求熟练掌握三角函数的图象和性质．4．（4分）函数的值域．【考点】34：函数的值域．【专题】11：计算题．【分析】因为自变量x是正数，所以可以用基本不等式进行求解：，所以函数的最小值为，当且仅当x=，即x=时取到等号，由此可得函数的值域．【解答】解：当x＞0时，f（x）=x+，当且仅当x=，即x=时取到等号，因此该函数的值域为[2，+∞）．故答案为：[2，+∞）．【点评】本题考查了函数值域的求法，利用函数解析式的特点选择合适的方法求解函数的值域．利用基本不等式求值域是解决函数值域问题的一种方法，关键要用到基本不等式的放缩办法，要注明等号成立的条件．5．（4分）设复数z满足i（z+1）=﹣3+2i，则=1﹣3i．【考点】A5：复数的运算．【专题】5N：数系的扩充和复数．【分析】利用复数的运算法则即可得出．【解答】解：∵复数z满足i（z+1）=﹣3+2i，∴﹣i•i•（z+1）=﹣i（﹣3+2i），化为z+1=2+3i，化为z=1+3i，∴=1﹣3i．故答案为：1﹣3i．【点评】本题考查了复数的运算法则，属于基础题．6．（4分）某学校高一、高二、高三共有2400名学生，为了调查学生的课余学习情况，拟采用分层抽样的方法抽取一个容量为120的样本．已知高一有760名学生，高二有840名学生，则在该学校的高三应抽取40名学生．【考点】B3：分层抽样方法．【专题】5I：概率与统计．【分析】由所给的学校的总人数和要抽取的样本容量，得到每个个体被抽到的概率，做出高三年级的人数，乘以概率得到结果．【解答】解：∵某高中共有学生2400人，采用分层抽样法抽取容量为120的样本，∴每个个体被抽到的概率是=，高三年级有2400﹣760﹣840=800人∴要在高三抽取800×=40人，故答案为：40．【点评】本题考查分层抽样方法，本题解题的关键是做出每个个体被抽到的概率，用这个概率乘以指定年级的人数，就可以得到这个年级要抽取的样本数．7．（4分）函数的最小正周期T=π．【考点】GL：三角函数中的恒等变换应用；H1：三角函数的周期性；O1：二阶矩阵．【专题】57：三角函数的图像与性质．【分析】先利用二阶矩阵化简函数式f（x），再把函数y=f（x）化为一个角的一个三角函数的形式，然后求出它的最小正周期．【解答】解：函数=（sinx+cosx）（﹣sinx+cosx）﹣2sinxcos（π﹣x）=cos2x+sin2x=sin（2x+），它的最小正周期是：T==π．故答案为：π【点评】本题考查三角函数的周期性及其求法，二倍角的正弦，考查计算能力，是基础题．8．（4分）已知函数f（x）=arcsin（2x+1），则f﹣1（）=．【考点】4R：反函数．【专题】11：计算题．【分析】欲求，只需令arcsin（2x+1）=求出x的值，根据原函数与反函数之间的关系可得结论．【解答】解：令arcsin（2x+1）=即sin=2x+1=解得x=故答案为：【点评】本题主要考查了反函数，以及反函数求值和三角形函数的运算，属于基础题．9．（4分）如图在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中∠ACB=90°，AA1=2，AC=BC=1，则异面直线A1B与AC所成角的余弦值是．【考点】LM：异面直线及其所成的角．【专题】11：计算题．【分析】先通过平移将两条异面直线平移到同一个起点A1，得到的锐角或直角就是异面直线所成的角，在三角形中再利用余弦定理求出此角的余弦值．【解答】解：∵A1C1∥AC，∴异面直线A1B与AC所成角为∠BA1C1，易求，∴．故答案为：【点评】本小题主要考查异面直线所成的角，考查空间想象能力、运算能力和推理论证能力，属于基础题．10．（4分）已知实数x、y满足不等式组，则z=3x+4y的最大值是20．【考点】7C：简单线性规划．【专题】11：计算题．【分析】先根据约束条件画出可行域，再利用几何意义求最值，z=3x+4y中z 表示在y轴上的截距，要求z得最大值，只需求出可行域直线在y轴上的截距最大值即可．【解答】解：作出不等式组表示的平面区域如图所示，由z=3x+4y得y=x+，则z表示直线在y轴上的截距，截距越大，z越大，要求z的最大值，则只要求解直线y=x+的截距的最大值结合图形可知，当直线z=3x+4y过点C（0，5）时，在y轴上截距最大，z最大由此时z取得最大值20故答案为：20【点评】本题主要考查了简单的线性规划，以及利用几何意义求最值，属于基础题．11．（4分）若（1﹣）n（n∈N*，n＞1）的展开式中x﹣4的系数为a n，则（++…+）=2．【考点】DA：二项式定理．【专题】5P：二项式定理．【分析】先求出二项式展开式的通项公式，再令x的幂指数等于﹣4，求得r的值，即可求得展开式中的x﹣4的系数a n，再用裂项法求得++…+的值，从而求得所给式子的值．【解答】解：（1﹣）n（n∈N*，n＞1）的展开式的通项公式为T r+1=•（﹣1）r•x﹣2r，令﹣2r=﹣4，r=2，故展开式中x﹣4的系数为a n==，∴==2（﹣）．则（++…+）=2（+++…+）=2（1﹣）=2，故答案为：2．【点评】本题主要考查二项式定理的应用，二项式系数的性质，二项式展开式的通项公式，求展开式中某项的系数，用裂项法进行数列求和，属于中档题．12．（4分）如图，三行三列的方阵中有9个数a ij（i=1，2，3；j=1，2，3），从中任取三个数，则这三个数位于不同行不同列的概率是．（结果用分数表示）【考点】C6：等可能事件和等可能事件的概率．【专题】11：计算题；5I：概率与统计．【分析】从9个数中任取3个数共有C93=84种取法，若三个数分别位于不同的三行，有三种方法；若三个数分别位于不同的三列，满足要求的选法共有6种，综合可得答案．【解答】解：从9个数中任取3个数共有C93=84种取法，三个数分别位于三行或三列的情况有6种；∴所求的概率为=．故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查计数原理和组合数公式的应用、概率的计算公式，属于基础题．13．（4分）对于集合A={a1，a2，…，a10}，定义集合S={x|x=a i+a j，1≤i＜j≤10}，记集合S中的元素个数为S（A）．若a1，a2，…，a10是公差大于零的等差数列，则S（A）=17．【考点】12：元素与集合关系的判断；83：等差数列的性质．【专题】54：等差数列与等比数列．【分析】由已知条件，利用等差数列的性质，用列举法能求出S（A）．【解答】解：∵集合A={a1，a2，…，a10}，定义集合S={x|x=a i+a j，1≤i＜j≤10}，a1，a2，…，a10是公差大于零的等差数列，∴集合S中的元素有：a1+a2，a1+a3，a1+a4，a1+a5，，a1+a7，a1+a8，a1+a9，a1+a10，a2+a10，a3+a10，a4+a10，，a6+a10，a7+a10，a8+a10，a9+a10，共17个，∴S（A）=17．故答案为：17．【点评】本题考查集合中元素个数的求法，是基础题，解题时要认真审题，注意等差数列的性质的灵活运用．14．（4分）如图所示，在边长为2的正六边形ABCDEF中，动圆Q的半径为1，圆心在线段CD（含端点）上运动，P是圆Q上及内部的动点，设向量=m+n（m、n为实数），则m+n的最大值为5．【考点】9H：平面向量的基本定理．【专题】5A：平面向量及应用．【分析】连接AE会发现它与AB垂直，所以构造，将条件中的代入，便会得到，而，所以经过化简就可得到．同样的办法你会得到，显然得到的这两式需相加便经过化简得到m+n=，而这正好是在方向上的投影，所以求这个投影的最大值即可，而投影的最大值，通过图形就能得到．【解答】解：如图所示，．∴==6n ①同理，②①+②得：；∵，∴．∵=．∴，其几何意义就是在上的投影．∴求m+n的最大值就转化为求在上投影最大值．从图形上可以看出：当点Q和D点重合时，在上的投影取到最大值5．【点评】本题需注意的是构造两组数量级，将求m+n的最大值转化为求在方向上投影的最大值．二．选择题：（本题满分20分，每小题5分）15．（5分）命题p：a≥1；命题q：关于x的实系数方程x2﹣2x+a=0有虚数解，则p是q的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件【考点】29：充分条件、必要条件、充要条件．【专题】5L：简易逻辑．【分析】根据复数的有关性质，利用充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断．【解答】解：若关于x的实系数方程x2﹣2x+a=0有虚数解，则判别式△＜0，即8﹣4a＜0，解得a＞2，∴p是q的必要不充分条件，故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断，利用复数的性质是解决本题的关键．16．（5分）已知直线l⊥平面α，直线m⊂平面β，有下面四个命题，其中正确命题是①α∥β⇒l⊥m②α⊥β⇒l∥m③l∥m⇒α⊥β④l⊥m⇒α∥βA．①与②B．①与③C．②与④D．③与④【考点】LP：空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系；LQ：平面与平面之间的位置关系．【专题】14：证明题．【分析】①α∥β⇒l⊥m，可由线面垂直的性质进行判断；②α⊥β⇒l∥m，可以由面面垂直的性质进行判断；③l∥m⇒α⊥β面面垂直的判定定理进行判断；④l⊥m⇒α∥β，可由面面平行的判定定理进行判断．【解答】解：对于①l⊥α，α∥β，m⊂β⇒l⊥m正确；对于②l⊥α，m⊂β，α⊥β⇒l∥m；l与m也可能相交或者异面；对于③l∥m，l⊥α⇒m⊥α，又因为m⊂β则α⊥β正确；对于④l⊥m，l⊥α则m可能在平面α内，也可能不在平面α内，所以不能得出α∥β；综上所述①③正确，故选：B．【点评】本题考查平面与平面之间的位置关系，考查空间想像能力及组织材料判断面面间位置关系的能力，属于基本题型．17．（5分）在△ABC中，角A、B、C的对边分别是a、b、c，且∠A=2∠B，则等于（）A．B．C．D．【考点】HP：正弦定理．【专题】11：计算题；35：转化思想．【分析】先根据三角形的内角和以及∠A=2∠B把所求问题转化，再结合正弦定理即可得到答案．【解答】解：∵A+B+C=π，A=2B，∴===．再结合正弦定理得：=．故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查正弦定理的应用．解决本题的关键在于根据三角形的内角和以及∠A=2∠B把所求问题转化．18．（5分）函数图象上存在不同的三点到原点的距离构成等比数列，则以下不可能成为公比的数是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】87：等比数列的性质．【专题】11：计算题．【分析】根据平面几何切割线定理：从圆外一点做圆的切线和割线，则切线长是割线与它的圆外部分的比例中项．假设存在，则可计算出公比的范围，从而可下结论．【解答】解：根据平面几何切割线定理：从圆外一点做圆的切线和割线，则切线长是割线与它的圆外部分的比例中项．鉴于此，从原点作该半圆的切线，切线长为：，设割线与半圆的另外两个交点到原点的距离分别是a和b，则b=aq2，且ab=（aq）2=3，所以aq=；所以q=，当，则；当时，考查四个选项，只有B选项不符合上述范围故选：B．【点评】本题的考点是等比关系的确定，主要课程等比数列的定义，等比中项及切割线定理，属于基础题．三．解答题：（本大题共5题，满分74分）19．（12分）如图示，给出的是某几何体的三视图，其中正视图与侧视图都是边长为2的正三角形，俯视图为半径等于1的圆．试求这个几何体的侧面积与体积．【考点】L!：由三视图求面积、体积．【专题】5F：空间位置关系与距离．【分析】由已知中的三视图，可以分析出该几何体是一个底面半径为1，母线长为2的圆锥，进而可得到圆锥的高为，代入圆锥的体积公式和表面积公式，可得答案．【解答】解：根据几何体的三视图知，原几何体是以半径为1的圆为底面，母线长为2的圆锥则圆锥的高为的圆锥．…3分=πrl=2π，…7分则它的侧面积S侧体积．…11分【点评】本题考查的知识点是由三视图求体积和表面积，其中根据已知的三视图判断出几何体的形状及底面半径，母线长等几何量是解答的关键．20．（14分）如图所示，某旅游景点有一座风景秀丽的山峰，山上有一条笔直的山路BC和一条索道AC，小王和小李打算不坐索道，而是花2个小时的时间进行徒步攀登．已知∠ABC=120°，∠ADC=150°，BD=1（千米），AC=3（千米）．假设小王和小李徒步攀登的速度为每小时1200米，请问：两位登山爱好者能否在2个小时内徒步登上山峰．（即从B点出发到达C点）【考点】HU：解三角形．【专题】12：应用题；58：解三角形．【分析】先利用正弦定理，求出AD，再在△ADC中，由余弦定理，求出DC，即可得出结论．【解答】解：由∠ADC=150°知∠ADB=30°，由正弦定理得，所以，．﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（4分）在△ADC中，由余弦定理得：|AC|2=|AD|2+|DC|2﹣2|AD|•|DC|cos150°，即，即DC2+3•DC﹣6=0，解得（千米），﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（10分）所以|BC|≈2.372（千米），﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣（12分）由于2.372＜2.4，所以两位登山爱好者能够在2个小时内徒步登上山峰．﹣﹣﹣（14分）【点评】本题考查解三角形的实际应用，考查正弦定理、余弦定理，考查学生的计算能力，正确运用正弦定理、余弦定理是关键．21．（14分）已知椭圆x2+2y2=a2（a＞0）的一个顶点和两个焦点构成的三角形的面积为4．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）已知直线y=k（x﹣1）与椭圆C交于A、B两点，若点M（，0），求证•为定值．【考点】K4：椭圆的性质．【专题】5D：圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（1）由已知条件推导出，，由此能求出椭圆方程．（2）由，得（2k2+1）x2﹣4k2x+2k2﹣8=0，设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），利用韦达定理结合已知条件能证明为定值．【解答】（本题满分（14分）；第（1）小题（6分），第（2）小题8分）解：（1）设椭圆的短半轴为b，半焦距为c，则，由c2=a2﹣b2，得，由，解得a2=8，b2=4，∴椭圆方程为．（6分）（2）由，得（2k2+1）x2﹣4k2x+2k2﹣8=0，（8分）设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），由韦达定理得：，∴=，====，∴为定值．（14分）【点评】本题考查椭圆方程的求法，考查向量的数量积为定值的证明，解题时要认真审题，注意椭圆的简单性质的合理运用．22．（16分）定义：对于函数f（x），若存在非零常数M，T，使函数f（x）对于定义域内的任意实数x，都有f（x+T）﹣f（x）=M，则称函数f（x）是广义周期函数，其中称T为函数f（x）的广义周期，M称为周距．（1）证明函数f（x）=x+（﹣1）x（x∈Z）是以2为广义周期的广义周期函数，并求出它的相应周距M的值；（2）试求一个函数y=g（x），使f（x）=g（x）+Asin（ωx+φ）（x∈R）（A、ω、φ为常数，A＞0，ω＞0）为广义周期函数，并求出它的一个广义周期T 和周距M；（3）设函数y=g（x）是周期T=2的周期函数，当函数f（x）=﹣2x+g（x）在[1，3]上的值域为[﹣3，3]时，求f（x）在[﹣9，9]上的最大值和最小值．【考点】3Q：函数的周期性．【专题】51：函数的性质及应用．【分析】（1）由已知条件推导出f（x+2）﹣f（x）═2，由此证明函数f（x）=x+（﹣1）x（x∈Z）是广义周期函数，它的周距为2．（2）设g（x）=kx+b（k≠0），由=，推导出f（x）是广义周期函数，并能求出并求出它的一个广义周期T和周距M．（3）由f（x+2）﹣f（x）=﹣4，知f（x）是广义周期函数，且T=2，M=﹣4，由此能求出f（x）在[﹣9，9]上的最大值和最小值．【解答】（本题满分（16分）；第（1）小题（4分），第（2）小题（5分），第（3）小题7分）（1）证明：∵f（x）=x+（﹣1）x（x∈Z），∴f（x+2）﹣f（x）=[（x+2）+（﹣1）x+2]﹣[x+（﹣1）x]=2，（非零常数）∴函数f（x）=x+（﹣1）x（x∈Z）是广义周期函数，它的周距为2．（4分）（2）解：设g（x）=kx+b（k≠0），则f（x）=kx+b+Asin（ωx+φ）∵=（非零常数）∴f（x）是广义周期函数，且．（9分）（3）解：∵f（x+2）﹣f（x）=﹣2（x+2）+g（x+2）+2x﹣g（x）=﹣4，∴f（x）是广义周期函数，且T=2，M=﹣4．（10分）设x1，x2∈[1，3]满足f（x1）=﹣3，f（x2）=3，由f（x+2）=f（x）﹣4得：f（x1+6）=f（x1+4）﹣4=f（x1+2）﹣4﹣4=f（x1）﹣4﹣4﹣4=﹣3﹣12=﹣15，又∵f（x+2）=f（x）﹣4＜f（x），∴f（x）在区间[﹣9，9]上的最小值是x在[7，9]上获得的，而x1+6∈[7，9]，∴f（x）在[﹣9，9]上的最小值为﹣15．（13分）由f（x+2）=f（x）﹣4，得f（x﹣2）=f（x）+4，∴f（x2﹣10）=f（x2﹣8）+4=f（x2﹣6）+4+4=…=f（x2）+20=23，又∵f（x﹣2）=f（x）+4＞f（x），∴f（x）在区间[﹣9，9]上的最大值是x在[﹣9，﹣7]上获得的，而x2﹣10∈[﹣9，﹣7]，f（x）在[﹣9，9]上的最大值为23．（16分）【点评】本题考查广义周期函数的证明，考查广义周期函数的求法，考查函数的最大值的求法，解题时要认真审题，注意等价转化思想的合理运用．23．（18分）一个三角形数表按如下方式构成（如图：其中项数n≥5）：第一行是以4为首项，4为公差的等差数列，从第二行起，每一个数是其肩上两个数的和，例如：f（2，1）=f（1，1）+f（1，2）；f（i，j）为数表中第i行的第j个数．（1）求第2行和第3行的通项公式f（2，j）和f（3，j）；（2）证明：数表中除最后2行以外每一行的数都依次成等差数列；（3）求f（i，1）关于i（i=1，2，…，n）的表达式．【考点】F1：归纳推理．【专题】5M：推理和证明．【分析】1）根据等差数列和等比数列的定义即可求出相应的通项公式，（2）由已知，第一行是等差数列，若成等差数列求出公差d即可．（3）根据条件建立方程关系即可求出f（i，1）的表达式．【解答】解：（1）f（2，j）=f（1，j）+f（1，j+1）=2f（1，j）+4=8j+4（j=1，2，…，n﹣1），f（3，j）=f（2，j）+f（2，j+1）=2f（2，j）+8=2（8j+4）+8=16j+16（j=1，2，…，n﹣2）（2）由已知，第一行是等差数列，假设第i（1≤i≤n﹣3）行是以d i为公差的等差数列，则由f（i+1，j+1）﹣f（i+1，j）=[f（i，j+1）+f（i，j+2）]﹣[f（i，j）+f（i，j+1）]=f（i，j+2）﹣f（i，j）=2d i（常数）知第i+1（1≤i≤n﹣3）行的数也依次成等差数列，且其公差为2d i．综上可得，数表中除最后2行以外每一行都成等差数列（3）由于d1=4，d i=2d i﹣1（i≥2），所以，，所以f（i，1）=f（i﹣1，1）+f（i﹣1，2）=2f（i﹣1，1）+d i﹣1由得f（i，1）=2f（i﹣1，1）+2i，于是，即，又因为，所以，数列是以2为首项，1为公差的等差数列，所以，，所以f（i，1）=（i+1）•2i（i=1，2，…n）【点评】本题主要考查等差数列和等比数列的综合应用，考查学生的运算能力，综合性较强，运算量较大．。