2015年泸州市中考理综试卷及答案

2015年四川省泸州市中考化学试卷参考答案与试题解析　一、选择题（每小题3分，共24分，在每小题给出的4个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求）1．（3分）（2015•泸州）下列变化中属于化学变化的是（ ）　A．金块抽成金线B．干冰升华C．可燃冰燃烧D．蔗糖溶解于水考点：化学变化和物理变化的判别．专题：物质的变化与性质．分析：化学变化过程中有新物质生成，物理变化过程中没有新物质生成，是否生成新物质是判断化学变化的依据．解答：解：A、金块抽成金线的过程中，只是金的形状发生改变，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化；B、干冰升华过程中，只是二氧化碳由固体变成气体，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化；C、可燃冰燃烧过程中，生成水和二氧化碳等物质，属于化学变化；D、蔗糖溶解于水的过程中，只是蔗糖和水混合形成混合物，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化．故选：C．点评：判断变化是否属于化学变化的唯一标准是：是否有新物质生成，如果有新物质生成，就是化学变化，如果没有新物质生成，就不是化学变化．2．（3分）（2015•泸州）化学上常对物质进行分类和研究，以下物质中属于酸的是（ ）　A．HNO3B．MgO C．O2D．NaCl考点：常见的氧化物、酸、碱和盐的判别．专题：物质的分类．分析：根据酸是指在电离时产生的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物；盐是由金属离子（或铵根离子）和酸根离子组成的化合物；氧化物是指由两种元素组成且一种是氧元素的化合物；据此进行分析解答．解答：解：A、HNO3是电离时产生的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物，属于酸，故选项正确．B、MgO是由镁元素和氧元素组成的化合物，属于氧化物，故选项错误．C、O2是由氧元素一种元素组成的纯净物，属于单质，故选项错误．D、NaCl是由钠离子和氯离子组成的化合物，属于盐，故选项错误．故选：A．点评：本题难度不大，考查物质类别的判别，抓住酸、碱、盐等的特征、熟悉常见的物质的组成是正确解答本题的关键．3．（3分）（2015•泸州）下列对环境保护和人体健康没有价值的是（ ）　A．将垃圾分类回收利用　B．将工厂废液直接排入江河　C．远离烟草、拒绝毒品　D．改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放考点：水资源的污染与防治；酸雨的产生、危害及防治；有机高分子材料的分类及鉴别；毒品的危害性及预防．专题：化学与环境保护．分析：有利于环境保护就是对环境无污染，不能污染空气，不能污染水体，不能造成白色污染等方面．解答：解：A、分类回收垃圾可以减少对环境的污染，节省资源，故A正确；B、将工厂废液直接排入江河能严重污染水体，不利于环境保护，故B错误；C、远离烟草、拒绝毒品，有利于环境保护，故C正确；D、改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放，有利于环境保护，故D正确．故选：B．点评：通过回答本题知道了哪些做法有利于环境保护，我们应该如何去做，要知道垃圾的一般处理方法，不要乱扔垃圾，要进行集中处理，要考虑废物的回收再利用，节约资源．4．（3分）（2015•泸州）在K2Cr2O7中，Cr元素的化合价是（ ）　A．+1价B．+3价C．+4价D．+6价考点：有关元素化合价的计算．专题：化学式的计算．分析：根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，结合K2Cr2O7的化学式进行解答即可．解答：解：钾元素显+1价，氧元素显﹣2价，设铬元素的化合价是x，根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，可得：（+1）×2+2x+（﹣2）×7=0，则x=+6价．故选：D．点评：本题难度不大，掌握利用化合价的原则（化合物中正负化合价代数和为零）计算指定元素的化合价的方法即可正确解答此类题．5．（3分）（2015•泸州）下列说法正确的是（ ）　A．向酸性土壤里撒熟石灰，可调节土壤的pH　B．推广加碘盐是为了预防胃酸过多　C．钢铁在干燥的环境中比在潮湿的环境中更容易被腐蚀　D．玻璃钢、光导纤维和合成纤维都是有机合成材料考点：中和反应及其应用；金属锈蚀的条件及其防护；合成材料的使用及其对人和环境的影响；微量元素、维生素与健康的关系及摄取方法．专题：金属与金属材料；常见的酸酸的通性；化学与生活．分析：A、根据熟石灰是碱性物质，可改良酸性土壤分析；B、根据碘元素的作用分析；C、根据铁生锈的条件分析；D、根据常见的材料及典型的物质代表分析．解答：解：A、熟石灰是碱性物质，可改良酸性土壤，改变土壤的pH，故说法正确；B、碘元素可以预防甲状腺肿大，故说法错误；C、钢铁生锈的条件是氧气和水并存，因此在潮湿的环境更容易生锈，故说法错误；D、玻璃钢是复合材料，光导纤维是无机非金属材料，故说法错误；故选项为：A．点评：本题考查了化学成绩的基础知识，难度不大，依据相关的知识分析即可．6．（3分）（2015•泸州）下列化学方程式书写正确的是（ ）　A．NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+H2O B．Fe+2NaCl=2Na+FeCl2　C．6HCl+Fe2O3=3H2O+2FeCl3D．3KCl+Al（NO3）3=AlCl3+3KNO3考点：书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：氢氧化钠和稀硫酸反应生成硫酸钠和水；铁不能和氯化钠反应；稀盐酸和氧化铁反应生成氯化铁和水；氯化钾和硝酸铝不能反应．解答：解：A、氢氧化钠和稀硫酸反应的化学方程式为：2NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O，该选项书写不正确；B、铁和氯化钠不能反应，该选项书写不正确；C、稀盐酸和氧化铁反应的化学方程式为：6HCl+Fe2O3=3H2O+2FeCl3，该选项书写正确；D、氯化钾和硝酸铝不能反应，该选项书写不正确．故选：C．点评：书写化学方程式要注意四步：一是反应物和生成物的化学式要正确；二是要遵循质量守恒定律，即配平；三是要有必要的条件；四是看是否需要“↑”或“↓”．7．（3分）（2015•泸州）下列实验操作、现象、结论或解释不正确的一组是（ ）组别操作现象结论或解释A切开土豆，在剖面上滴两滴碘水变蓝土豆含有淀粉B在1mL无色溶液中滴加石蕊试液溶液变红原溶液呈碱性C取3mLH2O2溶液微热，再向该溶液中加入少量MnO2先产生少量气泡，加MnO2后产生大量气泡MnO2对H2O2分解有催化作用D取2mL鸡蛋清，加入几滴硫酸铜溶鸡蛋清凝结硫酸铜能使蛋白质液变性　A．A B．B C．C D．D考点：化学实验方案设计与评价；催化剂的特点与催化作用；酸碱指示剂及其性质；鉴别淀粉、葡萄糖的方法与蛋白质的性质．专题：简单实验方案的设计与评价．分析：A、根据淀粉遇碘变成蓝色分析；B、根据酸性溶液能使石蕊试液变成红色分析；C、根据二氧化锰能够加快过氧化氢的分解分析；D、根据重金属离子能够使蛋白质变性分析．解答：解：A、淀粉遇碘变蓝色，因此切开土豆，在剖面上滴两滴碘水，变蓝，说明土豆含有淀粉，故实验正确；B、酸性溶液能使石蕊试液变成红色，因此石蕊试液变成红色，说明原溶液呈酸性，而不是呈碱性，故说法错误；C、二氧化锰能够加快过氧化氢的分解，是催化剂，因此该说法正确；D、硫酸铜中含有重金属离子铜离子，能够使蛋白质变性，故说法正确；故选项为：B．点评：本题考查了对实验方案、实验现象及实验结论的评价，考查的知识点较多，难度不大，注意语言表达的准确性，能够培养学生的分析问题能力．8．（3分）（2015•泸州）元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化．下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）．下列有关说法不正确的是（ ）元素Na Mg①Si P②Cl原子的最外层电子数1234567原子半径（10﹣10m） 1.86 1.60 1.43③ 1.10 1.020.994最高正价最低负价+1+2④+4﹣4+5﹣3⑤+7﹣1　A．⑤处的最高正价是+6，最低负价是﹣2　B．③处的数值介于1.10﹣1.43之间　C．第三周期元素（Na﹣Cl）的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数　D．元素①的原子序数是13，①和②形成的化合物的化学式为AlS考点：元素周期表的特点及其应用．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：根据表格中各项的变化规律：第三周期元素从左至右依次为Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl，原子的最外层电子数依次增大；原子半径依次增大；最高正价从+1到+7，最低负价从﹣4到﹣1，解答下列各题．解答：解：A、化合价从+1至+7依次增大，从Si开始有变价，负价逐渐减小，故④为（1）不锈钢是　混合物　（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）．（2）果汁中蛋白质、糖和维生素都含有　C（H或O）　元素（任填一种元素）．（3）一个C60分子中含　60　个碳原子，C60是制作某种锂电池的原料，电池的能量转化形式是由　化学能　转化为电能．考点：生铁和钢；纯净物和混合物的判别；化学式的书写及意义；物质发生化学变化时的能量变化；生命活动与六大营养素．专题：物质的微观构成与物质的宏观组成；金属与金属材料．分析：（1）根据纯净物和混合物的概念来分析．（2）根据蛋白质、糖类和维生素的组成来分析；（3）根据化学式的意义以及能量转化来分析．）画出氧原子结构示意图 ．）在氧气中不完全燃烧反应的微观示意图．2H2学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：（1）原子是8号元素，核内质子数为8，核外有2个电子层，第一层2个电子，第二层6个电子，画出其原子的结构示意图即可；（2）根据元素周期表中的一个小格所提供的信息进行分析解答本题；（3）利用分子构成，确定反应中各物质的化学式；利用分子个数，确定反应中各物质的化学计量数，完成反应化学方程式的书写．解答：解：（1）氧原子是8号元素，核内质子数为8，核外有2个电子层，第一层2个电子，第二层6个电子，氧原子的结构示意图为；（2）根据元素周期表中的一个小格所提供的信息，其中原子序数8，相对原子质量为16，氧元素符号为 O，名称为氧，属于非金属元素；）根据分子的构成，反应为物为2H22H2考点：常用气体的发生装置和收集装置与选取方法；气体的干燥（除水）；二氧化碳的实验室制法；氢气的制取和检验；书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：常见气体的实验室制法、检验、干燥与净化．分析：（1）要熟悉各种仪器的名称、用途和使用方法；锌和稀盐酸反应生成氯化锌和氢气；（2）氧气的密度比空气大，氢气不溶于水；（3）浓硫酸具有吸水性，可以用来干燥氢气、氧气、二氧化碳等气体．解答：解：（1）仪器①的名称是分液漏斗，通过分液漏斗可以向反应容器中注入液体药品；若A装置内药品为Zn和稀盐酸，反应的方程式为：Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑．故填：分液漏斗；Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑．（2）B装置正放桌面，用于收集A生成的O2，由于氧气的密度比空气大，则a接b；②模拟海水中氯的质量分数是　1.775%　．考点：固体溶解度曲线及其作用；溶质的质量分数、溶解性和溶解度的关系；有关溶质质量分数的简单计算；根据化学反应方程式的计算．专题：溶质质量分数与化学方程式相结合的计算；溶液、浊液与溶解度．分析：根据已有的溶解度曲线的意义进行分析解答，交点表示在该温度下两种物质的溶解度相等，根据溶解度确随温度的变化特点确定溶质质量分数的变化；根据硝酸银与氯化钠和氯化镁的反应结合图示进行分析解答即可．解答：解：（1）①据图可以看出，t2℃时，甲、乙的溶解度均为30g，故填：30g．②将甲、乙、丙三种物质t1℃时的饱和溶液升温到t3℃，甲和乙的溶解度随温度的升高而增大，故溶质质量分数不变，丙的溶解度随温度的升高而降低，据图可以看出，大于甲和乙，故所得溶液中溶质的质量分数最大的是丙，故填：丙．（2）某学习小组模拟海水，以测定海水中氯元素的质量分数．取模拟海水（含NaCl、MgCl）2000g，向溶液中滴加10%的硝酸银溶液，其沉淀质量变化如图二．=1.775%O2CaO+O发生变化），测得生成氧气的质量为3.2g，请计算样品中CaO2•8H2O的质量分数（CaO2•8H2O相对分子质量为216），写出必要的计算过程．考点：物质的相互转化和制备；相对分子质量的概念及其计算；元素质量比的计算；书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式；根据化学反应方程式的计算．专题：物质的制备．分析：（1）根据化合物的名称以及分离固体与液体的方法来分析；（2）根据反应需要的温度以及反应的过程来分析；（3）根据相对分子质量和元素质量比的计算方法来分析；（4）根据氧气的质量，利用化学方程式进行计算．解答：解：（1）根据氧化物的命名方法可知，CO2读作二氧化碳；分离固体与液体采用过滤的方法；故填：二氧化碳；过滤；（2）控制温度在0～5℃，可以在冰水混合物中进行；该反应的反应物是氧化钙、水和过氧化氢，生成物是CaO•8H O，因为氧化钙能与水反应生成氢氧化钙，而氢氧化O2CaO+Ox 3.2g的质量分数为=86.4%（2）向2mL0.4%的盐酸中加入VmL　水　，用pH计测得混合液的pH　＜　7（填“＞”、“=”或“＜”）．综合（1）和（2）证明猜想Ⅱ成立．考点：中和反应及其应用；溶液的酸碱性与pH值的关系；书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：科学探究．分析：稀盐酸显酸性，pH小于7，氢氧化钠溶液显碱性，pH大于7；（5）第二支：滴加酚酞溶液后，溶液变为　红　色，说明溶液呈碱性．为证明溶液呈碱性是由CO32﹣引起的，再向试管中加入　CaCl2溶液　〔可供选择试剂：澄清石灰水、KCl溶液（呈中性）、CaCl2溶液（呈中性）〕，此时发生反应的方程式为　K2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2KCl　，当看到　红色褪去（或消失），产生白色沉淀　时即可证明．因此，草木灰　不能　（填“能”或“不能”）与铵态氮肥混合施用．考点：实验探究物质的组成成分以及含量；蒸发与蒸馏操作；盐的化学性质；书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：科学探究．分析：（1）根据钾盐中的离子分析；（2）如果一次过滤不干净再过滤一次；（3）根据蒸发的操作分析；（4）二氧化碳能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊，根据反应物、生成物和条件书写化学方程式；液，反应的方程式为K2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2KCl．如果溶液的红色褪去（或消失），产生白色沉淀，说明溶液呈碱性是由CO32﹣引起的，草木灰呈碱性，铵态氮肥与碱性物质反应能释放氨气，降低肥效，所以铵态氮肥不能与草木灰混合使用．故填：CaCl2溶液；K2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2KCl；红色褪去（或消失），产生白色沉淀；不能．点评：本题考查了常见混合物分离操作及成分的确定，完成此题，可以依据物质的性质进行．。

四川省泸州市2015年中考化学试卷及答案一、选择题8．（3分）（2015•泸州）元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化．下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）．下列有关说法不正一、选择题8．（3分）（2015•泸州）元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化．下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）．下列有关说法不正二、（本大题共4个小题，每空1分，共17分）9．（4分）（2015•泸州）根据下列图文回答下列问题：（1）不锈钢是混合物（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）．（2）果汁中蛋白质、糖和维生素都含有C（H或O）元素（任填一种元素）．（3）一个C60分子中含60个碳原子，C60是制作某种锂电池的原料，电池的能量转化形式是由化学能转化为电能．10．（4分）（2015•泸州）氧元素是地壳中含量最高的元素，请回答下列问题（1）画出氧原子结构示意图．（2）元素周期表中氧元素的信息如图所示，从图中能直接获得的信息是A．A．氧元素属于非金属元素B．氧原子的核内的质子数为16C．氧元素有O2和O3两种单质（3）图2是硫化氢（H2S）在氧气中不完全燃烧反应的微观示意图．写出该反应的化学方程式2H2S+O22H2O+2S，该反应属于置换反应（填基本反应类型）；2211．（5分）（2015•泸州）如图装置适当组合可用于O2、H2、CO2等气体的制备和收集．（1）仪器①的名称是分液漏斗，若A装置内药品为Zn和稀盐酸，反应的方程式为Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑．（2）B装置正放桌面，用于收集A生成的O2，则a接b（选填“b”或“c”）；若B装满水，用于收集A生成的H2，则a接c（选填“b”或“c”）．（3）如果要制取和收集干燥的CO2，需要在A装置之后连接两个B装置，则在前一个B装置内加入的试剂是浓硫酸（选填“浓硫酸”或“氢氧化钠”）．12．（4分）（2015•泸州）根据下列坐标图回答：（1）图一表示甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度曲线．①t2℃时，甲、乙的溶解度均为30g．②将甲、乙、丙三种物质t1℃时的饱和溶液升温到t3℃，所得溶液中溶质的质量分数最大的是丙．（2）某学习小组模拟海水，以测定海水中氯元素的质量分数．取模拟海水（含NaCl、MgCl2）2000g，向溶液中滴加10%的硝酸银溶液，其沉淀质量变化如图二．①沉淀的化学式为AgCl．②模拟海水中氯的质量分数是 1.775%．三、（本题每空1分，其中（4）小题3分，共10分）13．（10分）（2015•泸州）过氧化钙晶体（CaO2•8H2O）较稳定，呈白色，微溶于水，广泛应用于环境杀菌、消毒．以贝壳为原料制备CaO2流程如下：（1）气体X是CO2，其名称是二氧化碳；将过氧化钙晶体与溶液分离的方法是过滤．（2）反应Y需控制温度在0～5℃，可将反应容器放在冰水混合物中，该反应是化合反应，反应产物是CaO2•8H2O，请写出化学方程式CaO+H2O2+7H2O=CaO2•8H2O．获得的过氧化钙晶体中常含有Ca（OH）2杂质，原因是CaO或Ca（OH）2过量，且Ca（OH）2微溶．（3）CaO2的相对分子质量为72，过氧化钙晶体（CaO2•8H2O）中H、O元素的质量比为1：10．（4）为测定制得的过氧化钙晶体中CaO2•8H2O的质量分数，设计的实验如下：称取晶体样品50g，加热到220℃充分反应（方程式为2CaO2•8H2O2CaO+O2↑+16H2O↑，杂质不发生变化），测得生成氧气的质量为3.2g，请计算样品中CaO2•8H2O的质量分数（CaO2•8H2O相对分子质量为216），写出必要的计算过程．2CaO+O的质量分数为四、（本大题共2个小题，每空1分，共14分）14．（4分）（2015•泸州）将0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液滴加到2mL0.4%的盐酸中，测得混合液的pH变化曲线如图．某学习小组对加入0～VmL氢氧化钠过程中，所得混合液pH增大原因进行了如下探究：【猜想假设】猜想Ⅰ：pH增大是因为混合后溶液体积增大；猜想Ⅱ：pH增大是因为发生了反应，写出反应方程式NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O．【实验探究】为验证猜想Ⅱ，请你帮助该小组完成下列实验．（可供选择的实验用品有：pH计、0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液、0.4%的盐酸、水．）（1）向2mL0.4%的盐酸中加入VmL0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液，用pH计测得混合液的pH=7．（2）向2mL0.4%的盐酸中加入VmL水，用pH计测得混合液的pH＜7（填“＞”、“=”或“＜”）．综合（1）和（2）证明猜想Ⅱ成立．15．（10分）（2015•泸州）草木灰是农家肥料，主要含钾盐．请回答相关问题．【分离提纯】（1）在烧杯里放一定量的草木灰，加入水，同时用玻璃棒搅拌．浸出溶液中主要含有的金属阳离子是K+．（2）把烧杯中的草木灰连同浸出液一起过滤．如果滤液仍然浑浊，处理的方法是重新过滤（或再过滤一次）．（3）把滤液倒入蒸发皿里，加热，用玻璃棒搅拌．当蒸发到出现大量固体时，停止加热．【成分探究】取（3）所得的晶体少量溶于水，分到两支试管中．（4）第一支：滴加盐酸，产生能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊的气体．请写出化学方程式：①加盐酸：K2CO3+2HCl=2KCl+CO2↑+H2O；②产生浑浊：Ca（OH）2+CO2=CaCO3↓+H2O．（5）第二支：滴加酚酞溶液后，溶液变为红色，说明溶液呈碱性．为证明溶液呈碱性是由CO32﹣引起的，再向试管中加入CaCl2溶液〔可供选择试剂：澄清石灰水、KCl溶液（呈中性）、CaCl2溶液（呈中性）〕，此时发生反应的方程式为K2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2KCl，当看到红色褪去（或消失），产生白色沉淀时即可证明．因此，草木灰不能（填“能”或“不能”）与铵态氮肥混合施用．。

2015年四川省泸州市中考化学试题及参考答案与解析（满分65分）可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 O—16 C—12 N—14 Na—23 Mg—24 Cl—35.5 Ca—40 Ag—108第一部分选择题（共24分）一、选择题（本大题共8个小题，每小题3分，共24分，每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．下列变化中属于化学变化的是（）A．金块抽成金线B．干冰升华C．可燃冰燃烧D．蔗糖溶解于水2．化学上常对物质进行分类和研究，以下物质中属于酸的是（）A．HNO3B．MgO C．O2D．NaCl3．下列对环境保护和人体健康没有价值的是（）A．将垃圾分类回收利用B．将工厂废液直接排入江河C．远离烟草、拒绝毒品D．改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放4．在K2Cr2O7中，Cr元素的化合价是（）A．+1价B．+3价C．+4价D．+6价5．下列说法正确的是（）A．向酸性土壤里撒熟石灰，可调节土壤的pHB．推广加碘盐是为了预防胃酸过多C．钢铁在干燥的环境中比在潮湿的环境中更容易被腐蚀D．玻璃钢、光导纤维和合成纤维都是有机合成材料6．下列化学方程式书写正确的是（）A．NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+H2O B．Fe+2NaCl=2Na+FeCl2C．6HCl+Fe2O3=3H2O+2FeCl3D．3KCl+Al（NO3）3=AlCl3+3KNO37．下列实验操作、现象、结论或解释不正确的一组是（）组别操作现象结论或解释A 切开土豆，在剖面上滴两滴碘水变蓝土豆含有淀粉B 在1mL无色溶液中滴加石蕊试液溶液变红原溶液呈碱性C 取3mLH2O2溶液微热，再向该溶液中加入少量MnO2先产生少量气泡，加MnO2后产生大量气泡MnO2对H2O2分解有催化作用D 取2mL鸡蛋清，加入几滴硫酸铜溶液鸡蛋清凝结硫酸铜能使蛋白质变性8．元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化．下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）．下列有关说法不正确的是（）元素Na Mg ①Si P ②Cl 原子的最外层电子数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7原子半径（10﹣10m） 1.86 1.60 1.43 ③ 1.10 1.02 0.994最高正价最低负价+1 +2 ④+4﹣4+5﹣3⑤+7﹣1A．⑤处的最高正价是+6，最低负价是﹣2B．③处的数值介于1.10﹣1.43之间C．第三周期元素（Na﹣Cl）的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数D．元素①的原子序数是13，①和②形成的化合物的化学式为AlS第二部分非选择题（共41分）二、（本大题共4个小题，每空1分，共17分）9．（4分）根据下列图文回答下列问题：（1）不锈钢是（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）．（2）果汁中蛋白质、糖和维生素都含有元素（任填一种元素）．（3）一个C60分子中含个碳原子，C60是制作某种锂电池的原料，电池的能量转化形式是由转化为电能．10．（4分）氧元素是地壳中含量最高的元素，请回答下列问题（1）画出氧原子结构示意图．（2）元素周期表中氧元素的信息如图所示，从图中能直接获得的信息是．A．氧元素属于非金属元素B．氧原子的核内的质子数为16 C．氧元素有O2和O3两种单质（3）图2是硫化氢（H2S）在氧气中不完全燃烧反应的微观示意图．写出该反应的化学方程式，该反应属于（填基本反应类型）11．（5分）如图装置适当组合可用于O2、H2、CO2等气体的制备和收集．（1）仪器①的名称是，若A装置内药品为Zn和稀盐酸，反应的方程式为．（2）B装置正放桌面，用于收集A生成的O2，则a接b（选填“b”或“c”）；若B装满水，用于收集A生成的H2，则a接（选填“b”或“c”）．（3）如果要制取和收集干燥的CO2，需要在A装置之后连接两个B装置，则在前一个B装置内加入的试剂是（选填“浓硫酸”或“氢氧化钠”）．12．（4分）根据下列坐标图回答：（1）图一表示甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度曲线．①t2℃时，甲、乙的溶解度均为．②将甲、乙、丙三种物质t1℃时的饱和溶液升温到t3℃，所得溶液中溶质的质量分数最大的是．（2）某学习小组模拟海水，以测定海水中氯元素的质量分数．取模拟海水（含NaCl、MgCl2）2000g，向溶液中滴加10%的硝酸银溶液，其沉淀质量变化如图二．①沉淀的化学式为．②模拟海水中氯的质量分数是．三、（本题每空1分，其中（4）小题3分，共10分）13．（10分）过氧化钙晶体（CaO2•8H2O）较稳定，呈白色，微溶于水，广泛应用于环境杀菌、消毒．以贝壳为原料制备CaO2流程如下：（1）气体X是CO2，其名称是；将过氧化钙晶体与溶液分离的方法是．（2）反应Y需控制温度在0～5℃，可将反应容器放在中，该反应是化合反应，反应产物是CaO2•8H2O，请写出化学方程式．获得的过氧化钙晶体中常含有Ca（OH）杂质，原因是．2（3）CaO2的相对分子质量为，过氧化钙晶体（CaO2•8H2O）中H、O元素的质量比为．（4）为测定制得的过氧化钙晶体中CaO2•8H2O的质量分数，设计的实验如下：称取晶体样品50g，加热到220℃充分反应（方程式为2CaO2•8H2O2CaO+O2↑+16H2O↑，杂质不发生变化），测得生成氧气的质量为3.2g，请计算样品中CaO2•8H2O的质量分数（CaO2•8H2O相对分子质量为216），写出必要的计算过程．四、（本大题共2个小题，每空1分，共14分）14．（4分）将0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液滴加到2mL0.4%的盐酸中，测得混合液的pH变化曲线如图．某学习小组对加入0～VmL氢氧化钠过程中，所得混合液pH增大原因进行了如下探究：【猜想假设】猜想Ⅰ：pH增大是因为；猜想Ⅱ：pH增大是因为发生了反应，写出反应方程式．【实验探究】为验证猜想Ⅱ，请你帮助该小组完成下列实验．（可供选择的实验用品有：pH计、0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液、0.4%的盐酸、水．）（1）向2mL0.4%的盐酸中加入VmL0.4%的氢氧化钠溶液，用pH计测得混合液的pH=7．（2）向2mL0.4%的盐酸中加入VmL ，用pH计测得混合液的pH 7（填“＞”、“=”或“＜”）．综合（1）和（2）证明猜想Ⅱ成立．15．（10分）草木灰是农家肥料，主要含钾盐．请回答相关问题．【分离提纯】（1）在烧杯里放一定量的草木灰，加入水，同时用玻璃棒搅拌．浸出溶液中主要含有的金属阳离子是．（2）把烧杯中的草木灰连同浸出液一起过滤．如果滤液仍然浑浊，处理的方法是．（3）把滤液倒入蒸发皿里，加热，用玻璃棒搅拌．当蒸发到时，停止加热．【成分探究】取（3）所得的晶体少量溶于水，分到两支试管中．（4）第一支：滴加盐酸，产生能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊的气体．请写出化学方程式：①加盐酸：；②产生浑浊：．（5）第二支：滴加酚酞溶液后，溶液变为色，说明溶液呈碱性．为证明溶液呈碱性是由CO32﹣引起的，再向试管中加入〔可供选择试剂：澄清石灰水、KCl溶液（呈中性）、CaCl2溶液（呈中性）〕，此时发生反应的方程式为，当看到时即可证明．因此，草木灰（填“能”或“不能”）与铵态氮肥混合施用．参考答案与解析第一部分选择题（共24分）一、选择题（本大题共8个小题，每小题3分，共24分，每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．下列变化中属于化学变化的是（）A．金块抽成金线B．干冰升华C．可燃冰燃烧D．蔗糖溶解于水【知识考点】化学变化和物理变化的判别．【思路分析】化学变化过程中有新物质生成，物理变化过程中没有新物质生成，是否生成新物质是判断化学变化的依据．【解答过程】解：A、金块抽成金线的过程中，只是金的形状发生改变，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化；B、干冰升华过程中，只是二氧化碳由固体变成气体，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化；C、可燃冰燃烧过程中，生成水和二氧化碳等物质，属于化学变化；D、蔗糖溶解于水的过程中，只是蔗糖和水混合形成混合物，没有生成新物质，属于物理变化．故选：C．【总结归纳】判断变化是否属于化学变化的唯一标准是：是否有新物质生成，如果有新物质生成，就是化学变化，如果没有新物质生成，就不是化学变化．2．化学上常对物质进行分类和研究，以下物质中属于酸的是（）A．HNO3B．MgO C．O2D．NaCl【知识考点】常见的氧化物、酸、碱和盐的判别．【思路分析】根据酸是指在电离时产生的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物；盐是由金属离子（或铵根离子）和酸根离子组成的化合物；氧化物是指由两种元素组成且一种是氧元素的化合物；据此进行分析解答．【解答过程】解：A、HNO3是电离时产生的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物，属于酸，故选项正确．B、MgO是由镁元素和氧元素组成的化合物，属于氧化物，故选项错误．C、O2是由氧元素一种元素组成的纯净物，属于单质，故选项错误．D、NaCl是由钠离子和氯离子组成的化合物，属于盐，故选项错误．故选：A．【总结归纳】本题难度不大，考查物质类别的判别，抓住酸、碱、盐等的特征、熟悉常见的物质的组成是正确解答本题的关键．3．下列对环境保护和人体健康没有价值的是（）A．将垃圾分类回收利用B．将工厂废液直接排入江河C．远离烟草、拒绝毒品D．改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放【知识考点】水资源的污染与防治；酸雨的产生、危害及防治；有机高分子材料的分类及鉴别；毒品的危害性及预防．【思路分析】有利于环境保护就是对环境无污染，不能污染空气，不能污染水体，不能造成白色污染等方面．【解答过程】解：A、分类回收垃圾可以减少对环境的污染，节省资源，故A正确；B、将工厂废液直接排入江河能严重污染水体，不利于环境保护，故B错误；C、远离烟草、拒绝毒品，有利于环境保护，故C正确；D、改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放，有利于环境保护，故D正确．故选：B．【总结归纳】通过回答本题知道了哪些做法有利于环境保护，我们应该如何去做，要知道垃圾的一般处理方法，不要乱扔垃圾，要进行集中处理，要考虑废物的回收再利用，节约资源．4．在K2Cr2O7中，Cr元素的化合价是（）A．+1价B．+3价C．+4价D．+6价【知识考点】有关元素化合价的计算．【思路分析】根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，结合K2Cr2O7的化学式进行解答即可．【解答过程】解：钾元素显+1价，氧元素显﹣2价，设铬元素的化合价是x，根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，可得：（+1）×2+2x+（﹣2）×7=0，则x=+6价．故选：D．【总结归纳】本题难度不大，掌握利用化合价的原则（化合物中正负化合价代数和为零）计算指定元素的化合价的方法即可正确解答此类题．5．下列说法正确的是（）A．向酸性土壤里撒熟石灰，可调节土壤的pHB．推广加碘盐是为了预防胃酸过多C．钢铁在干燥的环境中比在潮湿的环境中更容易被腐蚀D．玻璃钢、光导纤维和合成纤维都是有机合成材料【知识考点】中和反应及其应用；金属锈蚀的条件及其防护；合成材料的使用及其对人和环境的影响；微量元素、维生素与健康的关系及摄取方法．【思路分析】A、根据熟石灰是碱性物质，可改良酸性土壤分析；B、根据碘元素的作用分析；C、根据铁生锈的条件分析；D、根据常见的材料及典型的物质代表分析．【解答过程】解：A、熟石灰是碱性物质，可改良酸性土壤，改变土壤的pH，故说法正确；B、碘元素可以预防甲状腺肿大，故说法错误；C、钢铁生锈的条件是氧气和水并存，因此在潮湿的环境更容易生锈，故说法错误；D、玻璃钢是复合材料，光导纤维是无机非金属材料，故说法错误；故选项为：A．【总结归纳】本题考查了化学成绩的基础知识，难度不大，依据相关的知识分析即可．6．下列化学方程式书写正确的是（）A．NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+H2O B．Fe+2NaCl=2Na+FeCl2C．6HCl+Fe2O3=3H2O+2FeCl3D．3KCl+Al（NO3）3=AlCl3+3KNO3【知识考点】书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．【思路分析】氢氧化钠和稀硫酸反应生成硫酸钠和水；铁不能和氯化钠反应；稀盐酸和氧化铁反应生成氯化铁和水；氯化钾和硝酸铝不能反应．【解答过程】解：A、氢氧化钠和稀硫酸反应的化学方程式为：2NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O，该选项书写不正确；B、铁和氯化钠不能反应，该选项书写不正确；C、稀盐酸和氧化铁反应的化学方程式为：6HCl+Fe2O3=3H2O+2FeCl3，该选项书写正确；D、氯化钾和硝酸铝不能反应，该选项书写不正确．故选：C．【总结归纳】书写化学方程式要注意四步：一是反应物和生成物的化学式要正确；二是要遵循质量守恒定律，即配平；三是要有必要的条件；四是看是否需要“↑”或“↓”．7．下列实验操作、现象、结论或解释不正确的一组是（）组别操作现象结论或解释A 切开土豆，在剖面上滴两滴碘水变蓝土豆含有淀粉B 在1mL无色溶液中滴加石蕊试液溶液变红原溶液呈碱性C 取3mLH2O2溶液微热，再向该溶液中加入少量MnO2先产生少量气泡，加MnO2后产生大量气泡MnO2对H2O2分解有催化作用D 取2mL鸡蛋清，加入几滴硫酸铜溶液鸡蛋清凝结硫酸铜能使蛋白质变性【知识考点】化学实验方案设计与评价；催化剂的特点与催化作用；酸碱指示剂及其性质；鉴别淀粉、葡萄糖的方法与蛋白质的性质．【思路分析】A、根据淀粉遇碘变成蓝色分析；B、根据酸性溶液能使石蕊试液变成红色分析；C、根据二氧化锰能够加快过氧化氢的分解分析；D、根据重金属离子能够使蛋白质变性分析．【解答过程】解：A、淀粉遇碘变蓝色，因此切开土豆，在剖面上滴两滴碘水，变蓝，说明土豆含有淀粉，故实验正确；B、酸性溶液能使石蕊试液变成红色，因此石蕊试液变成红色，说明原溶液呈酸性，而不是呈碱性，故说法错误；C、二氧化锰能够加快过氧化氢的分解，是催化剂，因此该说法正确；D、硫酸铜中含有重金属离子铜离子，能够使蛋白质变性，故说法正确；故选项为：B．【总结归纳】本题考查了对实验方案、实验现象及实验结论的评价，考查的知识点较多，难度不大，注意语言表达的准确性，能够培养学生的分析问题能力．8．元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化．下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）．下列有关说法不正确的是（）元素Na Mg ①Si P ②Cl原子的最外层电子数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7原子半径（10﹣10m） 1.86 1.60 1.43 ③ 1.10 1.02 0.994最高正价最低负价+1 +2 ④+4﹣4+5﹣3⑤+7﹣1A．⑤处的最高正价是+6，最低负价是﹣2B．③处的数值介于1.10﹣1.43之间C．第三周期元素（Na﹣Cl）的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数D．元素①的原子序数是13，①和②形成的化合物的化学式为AlS【知识考点】元素周期表的特点及其应用．【思路分析】根据表格中各项的变化规律：第三周期元素从左至右依次为Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl，原子的最外层电子数依次增大；原子半径依次增大；最高正价从+1到+7，最低负价从﹣4到﹣1，解答下列各题．【解答过程】解：A、化合价从+1至+7依次增大，从Si开始有变价，负价逐渐减小，故④为+3，⑤为+6和﹣2，故A正确；B、由表中信息可知：元素原子的半径逐渐增大，③处的数值介于1.10﹣1.43之间，故B正确；C、第三周期元素（Na→Cl）的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数，故C正确；D、第三周期元素从左至右依次为Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl，所以①是Al；②是S，①和②形成的化合物的化学式为Al2S3，故D错误；故选D．【总结归纳】本题主要考查原子结构与元素周期表的有关知识，注意把握元素周期表的递变规律．第二部分非选择题（共41分）二、（本大题共4个小题，每空1分，共17分）9．（4分）根据下列图文回答下列问题：（1）不锈钢是（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）．（2）果汁中蛋白质、糖和维生素都含有元素（任填一种元素）．（3）一个C60分子中含个碳原子，C60是制作某种锂电池的原料，电池的能量转化形式是由转化为电能．【知识考点】生铁和钢；纯净物和混合物的判别；化学式的书写及意义；物质发生化学变化时的能量变化；生命活动与六大营养素．【思路分析】（1）根据纯净物和混合物的概念来分析．（2）根据蛋白质、糖类和维生素的组成来分析；（3）根据化学式的意义以及能量转化来分析．【解答过程】解：（1）不锈钢是铁与碳等其他物质形成的合金，属于混合物，故填：混合物；（2）蛋白质、糖类和维生素中均含有碳、氧、氢元素，故填：C（H或O）；（3）C60的一个分子中含有60个碳原子，电池工作时是将化学能转化为电能；故填：60；化学能．【总结归纳】本题考查了物质的分类、元素组成以及分子结构和能量转化，难度不大．10．（4分）氧元素是地壳中含量最高的元素，请回答下列问题（1）画出氧原子结构示意图．（2）元素周期表中氧元素的信息如图所示，从图中能直接获得的信息是．A．氧元素属于非金属元素B．氧原子的核内的质子数为16 C．氧元素有O2和O3两种单质（3）图2是硫化氢（H2S）在氧气中不完全燃烧反应的微观示意图．写出该反应的化学方程式，该反应属于（填基本反应类型）【知识考点】元素周期表的特点及其应用；微粒观点及模型图的应用；反应类型的判定；书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．【思路分析】（1）原子是8号元素，核内质子数为8，核外有2个电子层，第一层2个电子，第二层6个电子，画出其原子的结构示意图即可；（2）根据元素周期表中的一个小格所提供的信息进行分析解答本题；（3）利用分子构成，确定反应中各物质的化学式；利用分子个数，确定反应中各物质的化学计量数，完成反应化学方程式的书写．【解答过程】解：（1）氧原子是8号元素，核内质子数为8，核外有2个电子层，第一层2个电子，第二层6个电子，氧原子的结构示意图为；（2）根据元素周期表中的一个小格所提供的信息，其中原子序数8，相对原子质量为16，氧元素符号为O，名称为氧，属于非金属元素；从图中能直接获得的信息是A；（3）根据分子的构成，反应为物为2H2S和O2，生成物为H2O和S；则该反应的化学方程式为2H2S+O2 2H2O+2S；属于置换反应．故答案为：（1）；（2）A；（3）2H2S+O22H2O+2S；置换反应。

2015年泸州初中学业水平考试第一部分（选择题共70分）一、基础知识运用第一节单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1. —Would you like to come with us to the show?—.A. No, not at allB. That’s rightC. Thanks. I’d love toD. You’re welcome2. The movie tells _________ that love is the most expensive present in the world.A. weB. usC. ourD. ours3. Nowadays air pollution has become ________ than before. We must do something to stop it.A. seriousB. more seriousC. most seriousD. the most serious4. The train was late, _________ we had to wait for half an hour.A. becauseB. orC. soD. but5. ——will your English teacher come back from Shanghai?—In two weeks.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How farD. How long6. —Hurry up! I t’s time to go.—OK. ______ .A. I’m comingB. I’d comeC. I’ve comeD. I come7. —Hello! Is that Mr. Huang?—No, he to Chengdu. He will be back in more than two weeks.A. goesB. wentC. has goneD.has bern8. Elephants are great danger, we should save them.A. withB. atC. onD. in9. That’s our new school. It last year.A. builtB. is builtC. was builtD. will be built10. —That actor knows a tot about Luzhou. Do you know ________ ?—For thirteen years.A. when will he come here .B. when he will come hereC. how tong he has stayed hereD. how long has he stayed here第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）ADear Helen,Your father will go to the superm arket after work this afternoon. There’s something wrong 11 our clock and we need a new one. So it’ll be a little late when he 12 home. You can do your homework 13 you are waiting for him. If you are hungry, there’re 14 cakes in thefridge. If Mrs Brown asks about the plan for tomorrow, 15 her to give mc a call. Now I’m going to see your aunt Susan. She has just had a baby!Mum11. A. with B. about C. for D. from12. A. get B. gets C. will get D. is getting13. A. until B. if C. unless D. while14. A. any S. some C. a little D. much15. A. asks B. asking C. ask D. askedBHenry’s first job was in a shop. The shop opened at nine o’clock. On his first day he was late for 16“You’re five minutes late!” Hos boss said. “?”“I’m sorry, sir. “ Henry said. “The bus was late. There wa a lot of 18?”“Catch an earli er bus.” his boss said, “Then you won’t be late.”“The 19 bus arrives an hour earlier!” Henry said. “I will be here 20 eight o’clock.“That’s not my problem.” his boss said.The next day, Henry was late again.“You’re late again!” his boss shouted. H e looked at his 21 . “Today you’re ten minutes late. What is your 22 ?”“I’m sorry, sir,” Henry said, “but I met 23 old woman in the street. She was carrying a packager. It was too 24 for her so I carried it for her.”“T hat’s not my problem.”his boss s aid. “if you are late again. I will let you leave here.The next morning Henry got up very earl y. “I won’t be late thi s morn ing.” he 25 I’ll catch the early bus.Then he 26 a noise outside. A cat had its head stuck (卡住) through the bars of his balcony (阳台). Henry went out on to the balcony. Hr leaned (倚靠) over it to push the cat’s he ad through the bars.Suddenly he lost his balance (平衡). He fell the balcony and fell twenty floors to the ground below.27 he fell on a pile of garbage and was not badly hurt. __28___, he was an hour late for work. His boss was very 29“You’re late!” he shouted.Henry thought, “I’ve got a good excuse this ti me.” He said, “I fell twenty floors from my balc ony to the ground.”“A nd that took you an hour!” his boss 30.16. A. work B. school C. hospital D. meeting17.A. How B. What C. When D. Why18. A. cars B. buses C. bikes D. traffic19. A. better B. earlier C. quicker D. faster20. A. in B. on C. by D. to21. watch B. office C. wall D. desk22.. answer B. excuse C. idea D. suggestion23. A. a B. an C. the D. some24. A. heavy B. light C. expensive . useful25. A. said B. says C. thought D. thinks26. A. smelt B. listened C. found D. heard27. A. Luckily B. Comfortably C. Successfully D. Happily28. A. Besides B. Then C. Anyway D. However29. A. angry B. sad C. worried D. pleased30. A. talked B. smiled C. shouted D. spoke二、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AThere are different kinds of ways to bring family members closer in different areas and countries. I think it is very important for families to have regular (定期的) meals together.One of my good childhood memories was having dinner with my parents and two sisters. Because my husband and I both worked and our three children were also busy with their studies, we seldom had a chance to get together. But we thought it would be possible for us to sit down and enjoy meals together every week. First, we tried setting fixed days: Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri days. But almost everyone was unhappy. Then my son had the idea that everyone told his most convenient days and I would choose the best day. For a white the children were still unhappy with the idea. They said they would rather spend the time play sports with their friends. Gradually, however, they began to see the evenings together as interesting and helpful. We made plans for trips. We discussed each other’s problems. We exchanged r ecent interesting things. After about five months,anyone who had to miss a family meal felt regretful.And now we all feel that we have built stronger relationships within the family than we had before.31. What was important for the writer to bring family members closer?A. Having meals regularly together.B. Having a big dinner together.C. Having meats together every day.D. Having dinner with friends.32. Why did the family seldom get together?A. They didn’t like to get together.B The children were busy with playing.C. They were busy with studies or work.D. The writer and her husband worked in another city.33. At first they planned to have meals together a week.A. 1 dayB. 2daysC. 3daysD. 5 days34. What didn’t happen during the evenings together?A. Making plans for trips.B. discus sing each other’s problems.C. Exchanging recent interesting things.D. Playing sports with their friends.35 . We can learn from the passage that ___.A. they even become unhappy with each otherB. they have closer relationships than beforeC. the relationships are still the same as beforeD. they still prefer to do his or her own thingsBToday we will talk about spoils. We know all over the world people enjoy sports. Why? Maybe the most important reason is that sports help people to keep healthy and happy and to live together.Many people like to watch others play games. They often buy tickets or turn on their TV to watch the games when they have time. And often they get very excited when “their” player or team wins or plays very well.Some sports are so interesting that almost all the people go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea in those with a lot of rivers or lakes.some sport or games go back more than 4 ,000 years ago , like running or jumping. Chinese Wushu , for example , has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither is hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports and games all the time. As we know, water skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports. People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together, they often become good friends36. Many people like sports because it can help them .A. to become famous toB. become stronger and tallerC. to make much moneyD. to enjoy health and live together37. How will people often feel when “their” te am beats the other?A. DisappointedB. ExcitedC. TiredD. patient38. The underlined phrase “go in for” probably means _____ .A. hateB. join inC. watchD. talk about39. From the passage, the oldest in the family of Sports is _____ .A. runningB. basketballC. volleyballD. water-skiing40. What often happens to people after a game together?A. Knowing little about each other.B. Going back home without a word.C. Becoming friends with each other.D. Becoming more interested in sports.CWhen I was an eleven-year-old girl, my mother worked all day, so I had to look after my younger sister. At that time, my little sister was about four years old and she missed mum all the time.One day, after I had given her dinner, she started crying for mum. She was so young and really needed mum. So I dressed her up, put on her shoes, carried her on my back and walked out. Soon she fell asleep.About half an hour later, I found that she had lost a shoe while sleeping. I took her off my back and put her down.I knew we needed to find that shoe, for our mother couldn’t afford new shoes. I had to go back to find it, so I told my sister to wait right there.A man he ard it and stopped me just before I walked off. He asked me, “ Are you leaving your sister here to find the shoe? What would you do if she is not here when you return?” I didn’t know how to answer that question. He continue d, “It’s OK if you can’t find the shoe but it is not OK to lose your sister.” Then he sent us to mum’s workplace by taxi.During my whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers. I feel sorry that I can’ find them and say ‘thank you’. I do not even remember what their face s looked like, but they taught me a lesson — people are more important than things.41. When her mother worked all day, the writer had to ______A. make a dinnerB. take care of her sisterC. cry for mumD. do her homework42. Why did the writer’s sister start crying?A. She wanted something good to eat.B. She wanted to sleep very much.C. She lost her shoe and felt so sad.D. She missed her mum very much.43. Why did the writer want to find the lost shoe?A. Her sister liked it very much.B. The shoe was a gift for her sister.C. Her mother made it herself.D. Her mother had no money to buy new ones.44. What did the man do after he heard the writer tell her sister to wait right there?A. He stopped it and helped them find their mother.B. He looked after the writ er’s sister for her.C. He helped the writer find the lost shoe.D. He took away the writer’s sister.45 . What can we learn from the passage?A. We can’t believe in srangers B A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. Thing are less important than peopleD. Where there is a will, there is a way.D“Hi, Mommy, what are you d oing?” a sked Susie.“I’m making a d inner for Mrs. Smith next door. “ said her mother.“ W h y?” a sked Susie, a six-year-old girl.Because Mrs. Smith is very sad; she lot her daughter and has a broken heart. We need to take care of her.“Why, Mommy?”“You see, Susie, when someone is sad, he or she has trouble doing the little things like making dinner or other easy things. Because Mrs. Smith is our neighbor, we need to do some things to help her. Mrs. Smith won’t ever be able to talk with her daughter, hug her, or do all those wonderful things that mommies and daughters do together. You are a very smart girl, Susie, may be you’ll think of some way to take care of her.”Susie thought seriously about what she could do to take care of Mrs Smith. A few minutes later, Susie knocked on her door. Mrs. Smith answered the knock.Mrs. Smith looked as though she might have bee n crying. “What can I do for you , Susie?” asked Mrs. Smith.“ My mommy says that you lost your daughter and you’re very very sad with a broken heart. Susie held her hand out shyly. In it was a Band-Aid (创可贴). “This is for your broken heart, Mrs. Smith held back her tear. She hugged Susie and said with tears , “ Thank you , darling girl, this will help a lot.Mrs. Smith accepted Susie’s kindness. She bought a small picture frame (相框). She placed Susie’s Band-Aid in the frame to remind herself to heal (治愈) a little every time she saw it. She wisely knows that healing takes time and support.46. Susie’s mother was making a dinner for _________A. SusieB. a neighborC. the familyD. Susie’s father47. What can we learn about Mrs. Smith?A. She was Susie’s grandmother.B. She had no trouble in life.C. She needed a Band-Aid.D. She loved her daughter very much.48. The underlined words “a broken heart” probably mean .A. a heart that feels sad and hopelessB. a heart that stops workingC. a heart that comes into piecesD. a heart that becomes useless49. Why did Susie give Mrs. Smith a Band-Aid?A. She was a kind girl in school.B. She often helped her neighbors.C. She thought Mrs. Smith was a lonely woman.D. She wanted to heal Mrs. Smith’s broken hea rt.50. What did Susie give Mrs. Smith?A. A warm hug.B. A big smile. A kindness. D. A picture frame.第二部分三、完成对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话内容，在每个空缺出填入一个适当的词，使对话内容意思完整。

2015年四川省泸州市中考英语试卷一、单项选择．从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处地正确答案，并把答题卡上对应目地答案标号涂黑1．（1分）﹣﹣Would you like to come with us to the show？﹣﹣___________．（）A．No，not at all B．That's rightC．Thanks．I'd love to D．You're welcome2．（1分）The story tells____ that love is the most expensive present in the world．（）A．we B．us C．our D．ours3．（1分）Air pollution has become ______ than ever before．We must do something to stop it．（）A．serious B．more seriousC．most serious D．the most serious4．（1分）The train was late，____we had to wait for half an hour．（）A．because B．or C．so D．but5．（1分）﹣_______ will your father come back from Beijing？﹣In two days．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon6．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hurry up!It's time to go．﹣﹣﹣OK．_____（）A．I'm coming B．I'd come C．I've come D．I come7．（1分）﹣﹣﹣﹣Hello!Is that Mr．Huang？﹣﹣﹣﹣No，he___to Chengdu．He will be back in more than two weeks．（）A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been8．（1分）Elephants are __great danger，we should save them．（）A．wiht B．at C．on D．in9．（1分）Look at our new school．It ____ last year．（）A．built B．was builtC．is built D．will be built10．（1分）That actor knows a lot about Luzhou．Do you know___？（）A．when will he come hereB．when he will come hereC．how long he has stayed hereD．how long has he stayed here第二节完形填空（共2小题；每题1分，满分20分）11．（5分）Dear Helen，Your father will go to the supermarket after work this afternoon．There's something wrong （11）our clock and we need a new one．So it'll be a little late when he（12）home．You can do your homework（13）you are waiting for him．If you are hungry，there're（14）cakes in the fridge．If Mrs Brown asks about the plan for tomorrow．（15）her to give me a call．Now i'm going to see your aunt Susan．She has just had a baby!11．A．with B．about C．for D．from12．A．get B．gets C．will get D．is getting13．A．until B．if C．unless D．while14．A．any B．some C．a little D．much15．A．asks B．asking C．ask D．asked．12．（15分）Henry's first job was in a shop．The shop opened at nine o'clock．On his first day he was late for（16）．"you're five minutes late!"his boss said．"（17）？""I'm sorry，sir．"Henry said，"The bus was late．There was a lot of（18）""Catch an earlier bus．"his boss said．"Then you won't be late．""The （19）bus arrives an hour earlier!"Henry said"I will be here（20）eight o'clock．""That's not my problem．"His boss said．The next day，Henry was late again．"You're late again．"His boss shouted．He looked at his（21）．"Today you're ten minutes late．What's your （22）？""I'm sorry，sir．"Henry said，"but I met （23）old woman in the street．She was carrying a package．It was too （24）for her so I carried it for her．""That's not my problem．"his boss said．"If you are late again，I will let you leave here．"The next morning Henry got up very early．"I won't be late this morning．"he（25）．"I'll catch the early bus．"Then he （26） a noise outside．A cat had its head stuck through the bars of his balcony．Henry went out on to the balcony．He leaned over it to push the cat's head through the bars．Suddenly he lost his balance．He fell over the balcony and fell twenty floors to the ground below．（27）he fell on a pile of garbage and was not badly hurt．（28），he was an hour late for work．His boss was very （29）．"you're late!"he shouted．Henry though，"I've got a good excuse this time．"He said"I fell twenty floors from my balcony to the ground．""And that took you an hour!"his boss （30）．16．A．work B．school C．hospital D．meeting17．A．How B．What C．When D．Why18．A．cars B．buses C．bikes D．traffic19．A．better B．earlier C．quicker D．faster20．A．in B．on C．by D．to21．A．watch B．office C．wall D．desk22．A．answer B．excuse C．idea D．suggestion23．A．a B．an C．the D．some24．A．heavy B．light C．expensive D．useful25．A．said B．says C．thought D．thinks26．A．smelt B．listened C．found D．heard 27．A．Luckily B．Comfortably C．Successfully D．Happily 28．A．Besides B．Then C．anyway D．However 29．A．angry B．sad C．worried D．pleased 30．A．talker B．smiled C．shouted D．spoke．二、阅读理解（共4小题；每题2分，满分40分）13．（10分）There are different kinds of ways to bring family members closer in different areas and countries．I think it is very important for families to have regular （定期地）meals together．One of my good children memories was having dinner with my parents and two sisters．Because my husband and I both worked and our there children were also busy with their studies．We seldom had a chance to get together．But we thought it would be possible for us to sit down and enjoy meals together every week．First，we tried setting fixed days：Mondays，Wednesdays and Fridays．But almost everyone was unhappy．Then my son had the idea that everyone told his or her most convenient days and I would choose the best days．For a while the children were still unhappy with the idea．They said they would rather spend the time playing sports with their friends．Gradually，however，they began to see the evenings together as interesting and helpful．We made plans for trips．We discussed each other's problems．We exchange reccent interesting things．After about five months，anyone who had to miss a family meal felt regretful．And now we all feel that we have built stronger relationships within the family than we had before．31．What was important for the writer to bring family members closer？A．Having meals regularly together．B．Having a big dinner together．C．Having meals together everyday．D．Having dinner with friends．32．Why did the family seldom get together？A．They didn't like to get together．B．The children were busy with playing．C．They were so busy with studies or work．D．The writer and her husband worked in another city．33．At first they planned to have meals together a week．A.1dayB.2 daysC.3 daysD.5 days34．What didn't happen during the evenings together？A．Making plans for trips．B．Discussing each other's problems．C．Exchange recent interesting things．D．Playing sports with their friends．35．We can learn from the passage thatA．They even become unhappy with each otherB．They have closer relationships than beforeC．The relationships are still the same as beforeD．They still prefer to do his or her own things．14．（10分）Today we will talk about sports．We know all over the world people enjoy sports．Why？Maybe the most important reason is that sports help people to keep healthy and happy and to have live together．Many people like to watch others play games．They often buy tickets or turn on their TV to watch the games when they have time．And often they get very excited when"their"player or team wins or plays very well．Some sports are so interesting that almost all the people go in for them．Football，for example，has spread around the world．Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with a lot of rivers or lakes．Some sports or games go back more than 4000 years ago．Like running or jumping，Chinese Wushu，for example，has a very long history．But basketball and volleyball are rather new．Neither is hundred years old yet．People are inventing new sports or games all the time．As we know，water﹣skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports．People from different countries may not be able to understand each other，but after a game together，they often become good friends．36．Many people like sports because it can help them．A．to become famousB．to become stronger and tallerC．to make much moneyD．to enjoy health and live together37．How will people often feel when"their"team beats the other？A．disappointedB．excitedC．tiredD．Patient38．The underlined phrase"go in for"probably meansA．hateB．join inC．watchD．Talk about39．From the passage，the oldest in the family of sports isA．runningB．basketballC．volleyballD．water﹣skiing40．What often happens to people after a game together？A．Knowing little about each other．B．Going back home without a word．C．Becoming friends with each other．D．becoming more interested in sports．15．（10分）When I was eleven﹣year﹣girl，my mother worked all day，so I had to take after younger sister．At that time，my little sister was about 4 years old and she missed mum all the time．One day，after I had given her dinner，she started crying for mum，she was so young and really needed mum．So I dressed her up，put on her shoes，carried her on back and walked out．Soon she fell asleep．About half an hour later，I found that she had lost a shoes while sleeping．I took her off and put her down．I knew we needed to find that shoes，for our mother couldn't afford new shoes．I had to go back to find it，so I told my sister to wait right here．A man just heard that stopped me before I walked off．He asked me，"Are you leaving your sister here to find the shoe？What would you do if she was not here when you return？"I didn't know how to answer the question．He continued，"It's OK if you can't find the shoes，it's not OK to lose your sister．"Then he sent us to mum's workplace by taxi．During my whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers．I feel sorry that can't find them and say‘thank you'．I do not even remember what their faces looked like，but they taught me a lesson﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣people are more important than thing．41．When her mother worked all day，the writer had toA．make a dinnerB．take care of her sisterC．cry for her motherD．do her homework42．Why did the writer's sister star crying for mother？A．She wanted something good to eat．B．She wanted to sleep very much．C．She lost her shoe and felt so sad．D．She missed her mother very much．43．Why did the writer want to find the lost shoe？A．Her sister like it very much．B．The shoe was a gift for her sister．C．Her mother made it herself．D．Her mother had no money to buy new shoes．44．What did the man do after he heard the writer told her sister to wait right there？A．He stopped it and helped them find their mother．B．He looked her sister for her．C．He helped the writer find the shoe．D．He took away the writer's sister．45．What can we learn from the passage？A．We can't believe in strangersB．A friend in need is a friend indeed．C．Thing are less important than people．D．Where there is a will，there is a way．16．（10分）"Hi，Mommy，what are you doing？"asked Susie．"I'm making a dinner for Mrs．Smith next door，"said her mother．"Why？"asked Susie，a six﹣year﹣old girl．"Because Mrs．Smith is very sad，she lost her daughter and has a broken heart．We need to take care of her．""Why，Mommy？""You see，Susie，when someone is sad，he or she has trouble doing the little things like making dinner or other easy things．Because Mrs．Smith is our neighbor，we need to do some thing for her．Mrs．Smith won't ever be able to talk with her daughter，hug her，or do all those wonderful things that mommies and daughters do together．You are a very smart girl，Susie，maybe you can think of some way to take care of her．"Susie thought seriously about what she could do to take care of Mrs．Smith．A few minutes later，Susie knocked her door．Mrs．smith answer the knocked．Mrs．Smith looked as though she might have been crying．"What can I do for you，Susie？"asked Mrs．Smith．"My mommy says that you lost your daughter and you're very very sad with a broken heart．"Susie held her hand out．In it was a Band﹣Aid （创可贴）．"This is for your broken heart，"Mrs Smith chocked back her tears．She knelt and hugged Susie．Through her tears she said，"Thank you，darling girl，this will help a lot．" Mrs Smith accepted Susie's kindness．She bought a small key ring with a picture frame （相框）．She put Susie's Band﹣Aid in the frame to remind herself to heala little every time she sees it．46．Susie's mother was making dinner for．A．SusieB．a neighborC．the familyD．Susie's father47．What can we learn about Mrs Smith．A．She was Susie's grandmother．B．She had no trouble in life．C．She need a Band﹣AidD．She love her daughter very much．48．The underline words"a broken heart"probably mean．A．A heart that feels sad and hopelessB．A heart that stops workingC．A heart that comes into piecesD．A heart that become useless49．Why did Susie give Mrs．Smith a Band﹣Aid．A．She is a kind girl in school．B．She often helped her neighbor．C．She thought Mrs．Smith was a lonely woman．D．She wanted to heal Mrs．Smith's broken heart．50．What did Susie give Mrs，smith？．A．A warm hugB．A big smileC．A kindnessD．A picture frame．三、完成对话（共1小题；每题1分，满分5分）17．（5分）A：Excuse me，is there a hospital around here？B：Yes．There is （51）on Zhongshan mount in Luzhou．A：How （52）is it from here？B：About fifteen minutes'walk．You can（53）the NO.216 bus there．A：Thank you．By the way，（54）is the bus stop？B：It's at the end of this street．You can't miss it．A：Thanks for your（55）．B：You're welcome．四、短文填空（共1小题；每天1分，满分10分）18．（10分）Mo Yan is a famous Chinese writer．He was（56）in 1955 and grew up in Gaomi，Shandong．His parents were farmers．His family was very （57）．At the age of 12，he had to leave（58），and start to work，first in the field and then in a factory．In 1976，MoYan （59）the army and began to study literature and write．He left the army in 1997．MoYan kept on writing．Later he formed a writing style of his （60）．He said he was just like a story telling man．He told his stories and many others'in Gaomi by pen．His writing （61）China's countryside culture．Many of his works have been（62）into different foreign languages and then spread to different countries in the world．MoYan enjoyed reading books（63）he was a child．He had a deep love for literature and （64）the love brought his success．"When I'm writing，I always have a lot to say．I believe that writing is the most （65）and the freest way to express my ideas．"Mo Yan said in an interview with CCTV．A．joined B．school C．own D．born E．powerful F．shows G．Finally H．when I．translated J．poor．五、阅读短文并回答问题（共1小题；每题2分，满分10分）19．（10分）Katie is an English woman．She has never been abroad，but she has a very international life!Every morning she drinks a cup of black coffee from Italy and eats some fruits from Thailand for breakfast．At 8：00 am．She usually drives to work in her German car．On the way to the company．She often listens to some Austrian music．If there is a song she knows，she usually sings along with the music．Katie is a dress designer．She loves her job very much．She uses silk to make clothes which are sold all around the world．Recently she has put some advertisements for her clothes on the Internet so that they can sell better．When she gets home after work，she spends about forty minutes taking her dog for a walk and then cooks dinner．She likes to cook Chinese food．After dinner，she likes to watch Korea films on her DVD player．On Saturday afternoon，Katie goes out with her friend Nancy．Usually，they go to an Indian dance class together．After that，they have a French meal in a restaurant．66．Where is Katie from？67．How does Katie usually go to work？68．What is Katie's job？69．How long does Katie spend her dog for a walk？70．When dose Katie usully go to an Indian dance class？．六、书面表达（共1题，满分25）20．（25分）阅读对于我们每个人地成长都起着重要地作用．请你根据以下要点提示，以"Reading Makes Us Grow Up"为题，用英语写一篇短文．要点提示：1．作用：获取知识，开阔视野；提高学习能力；是人变得更聪明等；2．内容：各种书籍、报刊和网络等；3．方法：制定计划、写读书笔记等；4．时间：课前、课后、节假日等；5．个人观点：……要求：1、词数110词左右（短文地首句已给出，不计入总词数）2．要点提示均须涉及，可适当增加内容；3．字迹工整，卷面整洁，文章连贯，语言流畅；4．不用真实姓名、校名、地名．参考词汇：open one's mind，improve，have a plan，make notesReading Makes Us Grow UpReading is very important in our life．2015年四川省泸州市中考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择．从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处地正确答案，并把答题卡上对应目地答案标号涂黑1．（1分）﹣﹣Would you like to come with us to the show？﹣﹣___________．（）A．No，not at all B．That's rightC．Thanks．I'd love to D．You're welcome【解答】答案：C 根据Would you like…可知，这是对别人提出了邀请，下文应作出肯定（Yes/Sure/…，I'd love to）或否定（Sorry…）回答．又知No，not at all 意为不，一点也不，用于对别人询问是否介意地回答；That's right意为那是对地；Thanks．I'd love to意为谢谢，我想去，用于对别人邀请地肯定回答；You're welcome 意为不客气，用于对别人表示感谢地回答．所以此处应用Thanks．I"d love to．故选C．2．（1分）The story tells____ that love is the most expensive present in the world．（）A．we B．us C．our D．ours【解答】答案：B．句中有tell，此句中用地是tell sb+从句，sb该用宾格，我们地宾格是us，故选B．3．（1分）Air pollution has become ______ than ever before．We must do something to stop it．（）A．serious B．more seriousC．most serious D．the most serious【解答】根据句中地"than ever before"可知是和以前比较，所以采用形容词地比较级，故选B．4．（1分）The train was late，____we had to wait for half an hour．（）A．because B．or C．so D．but【解答】答案：C；because因为；or否则；so所以；But但是．because和so 都可以引导原因状语从句，because只能放在句子中间，在它之前地是结果，后面地是原因．so做所以解释时也是放在句子中间，在它之前地是原因，后面地是结果．根据句意，"火车晚点了，我们不得不等半个小时"可知该句为原因状语从句；因为"we had to wait for half an hour"是结果，故用so连接；故选C．5．（1分）﹣_______ will your father come back from Beijing？﹣In two days．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon【解答】答案：D．在一般将来时中，对in+一段时间地提问用how soon，对话中回答是in two days．故选D．6．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hurry up!It's time to go．﹣﹣﹣OK．_____（）A．I'm coming B．I'd come C．I've come D．I come【解答】答案：A 根据It's time to go （是时候走了）可推测，此句应表示"这就来"，属于一般将来时，又知come、go等词可以用现在进行时表将来时，即主语+be+doing+其它，所以此处应用I'm coming．故选A．7．（1分）﹣﹣﹣﹣Hello!Is that Mr．Huang？﹣﹣﹣﹣No，he___to Chengdu．He will be back in more than two weeks．（）A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been【解答】答案：C 根据题意可知黄先生现在不在，他去了成都．表示过去发生地动作对现在造成了影响，即过去去了成都，导致现在不在这一影响，所以选择现在完成时，结构是have/has+及物动词地过去分词，排除A B．have been to表示"过去曾去过某地"，have gone to 表示"已去了某地"，根据题意是黄先生去了成都，现在还没有回来，故选C．8．（1分）Elephants are __great danger，we should save them．（）A．wiht B．at C．on D．in【解答】答案：D．根据设空处后面地great danger 和后面一句地句意"我们应该拯救他们．"可以推断设空处地句子表达地意思是"大象濒临灭绝，"其中句中地介词短语表达"濒临灭绝"即处于极大地危险中，应该为：in great danger，故选D9．（1分）Look at our new school．It ____ last year．（）A．built B．was builtC．is built D．will be built【解答】根据last year．可知此处用一般过去时，因为主语it与谓语build之间是被动关系，故此处用过去被动式was built，故选B．10．（1分）That actor knows a lot about Luzhou．Do you know___？（）A．when will he come hereB．when he will come hereC．how long he has stayed hereD．how long has he stayed here【解答】答案：C 根据选项内容和Do you know可知，考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项AD是疑问语序，故排除；又因为That actor knows a lot about Luzhou表示"那个演员关于泸州知道许多，说明去过泸州"，所以不能用一般将来时态，排除B，此句要用特殊疑问词How long（多长时间），和现在完成时连用．故选C．第二节完形填空（共2小题；每题1分，满分20分）11．（5分）Dear Helen，Your father will go to the supermarket after work this afternoon．There's something wrong （11）A our clock and we need a new one．So it'll be a little late when he （12）B home．You can do your homework（13）D you are waiting for him．If you are hungry，there're（14）B cakes in the fridge．If Mrs Brown asks about theplan for tomorrow．（15）C her to give me a call．Now i'm going to see your aunt Susan．She has just had a baby!11．A．with B．about C．for D．from12．A．get B．gets C．will get D．is getting13．A．until B．if C．unless D．while14．A．any B．some C．a little D．much15．A．asks B．asking C．ask D．asked．【解答】11．A 考查介词词义辨析．with和…一起，about关于，for为了；from 从．There's something wrong with…是固定句型，…出毛病了．结合后半句we need a new one我们需要一个新地，可知前半句应该是我们地钟表出毛病了，故选A．12．B 考查动词地时态．根据题干So it'll be a little late when he___home，所以就当他到家时会晚一点，这是when引导地时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句应该用一般现在时，主语是he，是第三人称单数，故答案为gets，故选B．13．D 考查连词地辨析．until直到…时；if如果；unless除非；while当…时候．while 引导时间状语从句，结合句意：做你地作业，可知前半句应该是"在等待他时"，故选D．14．B 考查连词地辨析．any 一些，用于否定句和一般疑问句；some一些，用于肯定句；a little一些，修饰不可数名词；much 许多，修饰不可数名词．结合句意冰箱里有一些蛋糕，这是一个肯定句，cake蛋糕，是可数名词，故选B．15．C 考查动词地时态．根据句意：让她给我打电话，这是一个祈使句，表示命令，请求或建议地句子是祈使句，祈使句应该用动词原形，故选C．12．（15分）Henry's first job was in a shop．The shop opened at nine o'clock．On his first day he was late for（16）A．"you're five minutes late!"his boss said．"（17）D？""I'm sorry，sir．"Henry said，"The bus was late．There was a lot of（18）D ""Catch an earlier bus．"his boss said．"Then you won't be late．""The（19）B bus arrives an hour earlier!"Henry said"I will be here（20）C eight o'clock．""That's not my problem．"His boss said．The next day，Henry was late again．"You're late again．"His boss shouted．He looked at his（21）A．"Today you're ten minuteslate．What's your （22）B？""I'm sorry，sir．"Henry said，"but I met （23）B old woman in the street．She was carrying a package．It was too （24）A for her so I carried it for her．""That's not my problem．"his boss said．"If you are late again，I will let you leave here．"The next morning Henry got up very early．"I won't be late this morning．"he（25）C．"I'll catch the early bus．"Then he （26）D a noise outside．A cat had its head stuck through the bars of his balcony．Henry went out on to the balcony．He leaned over it to push the cat's head through the bars．Suddenly he lost his balance．He fell over the balcony and fell twenty floors to the ground below．（27）A he fell on a pile of garbage and was not badly hurt．（28）D，he was an hour late for work．His boss was very （29）A．"you're late!"he shouted．Henry though，"I've got a good excuse this time．"He said"I fell twenty floors from my balcony to the ground．""And that took you an hour!"his boss （30）C．16．A．work B．school C．hospital D．meeting17．A．How B．What C．When D．Why18．A．cars B．buses C．bikes D．traffic19．A．better B．earlier C．quicker D．faster20．A．in B．on C．by D．to21．A．watch B．office C．wall D．desk22．A．answer B．excuse C．idea D．suggestion23．A．a B．an C．the D．some24．A．heavy B．light C．expensive D．useful25．A．said B．says C．thought D．thinks26．A．smelt B．listened C．found D．heard27．A．Luckily B．Comfortably C．Successfully D．Happily 28．A．Besides B．Then C．anyway D．However 29．A．angry B．sad C．worried D．pleased30．A．talker B．smiled C．shouted D．spoke．【解答】16．A考查名词词义辨析．根据Henry's first job was in a shop亨利地第一份工作是在一家商店，可知他是在上班，所以此句应该是：在第一天，他上班迟到了．work，名词，工作，故选A．17．D考查副词词义辨析．联系下文I'm sorry，sir．"Henry said，"The bus was late"对不起，先生，"亨利说．"公共汽车晚点了，可知亨利是在陈述理由，所以此句应该是："你迟到了五分钟！"他地老板说．"为什么呢？"why，为什么，故选D 18．D考查名词词义辨析．联系上文The bus was late公共汽车晚点了，可知此处句意为：交通很拥挤．根据There was a lot of…中地was可以确定后面不应该是复数，故选D．tarffic，不可数名词，交通．19．B考查形容词词义辨析．联系上文他迟到了，老板很生气，让他早点到，可知句意为："早一班车早到一个小时！"earlier，是形容词early地比较级，故选B．20．C考查介词词义辨析．联系上文The__bus arrives an hour earlier!早一班车早到一个小时！可知句意为：我将在八点前这儿，by在这是介词，意为：到…之前；不迟于，故选C．21．A考查名词词义辨析．联系下文Today you're ten minutes late今天你晚了十分钟，可知此处句意为：他看了看手表，watch 名词，手表，故选A．22．B考查名词词义辨析．联系上文他一直在为迟到找借口，可知句意为：你地借口是什么？excuse 名词，借口．故选B．23．B考查冠词地辨析．联系上下文可知句意为：但我在街上遇见了一个老太太，an old woman 一个老太太，old地第一个音素是元音音素，所以用an，故选B．24．A考查形容词词义辨析．联系上文She was carrying a package她背着一个包裹，可知句意为：对她来说太重了，heavy形容词，重地，故选A．25．C考查动词词义辨析．联系上下文可知句意为："今天早上我不会迟到地，"他想．"我会赶上早班车地．"thought是动词think地过去式，想，认为．故选C．26．D考查动词词义辨析．联系上下文可知句意为：这时他听到外面有噪音，heard 是动词hear地过去式，听见，故选D．27．A考查副词词义辨析．联系下文he fell on a pile of garbage and was not badly hurt他倒在一堆垃圾上，伤地不重，可知此处句意为：幸运地是．Luckily，副词，幸运地是，故选A．28．D考查副词词义辨析．联系下文he was an hour late for work他上班迟到了一个小时，可知此处句意为：然而．however，但是，然而，故选D．29．A考查形容词词义辨析．联系下文老板大声喊，可知句意为：他地老板很生气，angry形容词，生气地，故选A．30．C考查动词词义辨析．联系上文他一再迟到，老板很生气，可知此处句意为：他地老板喊道．shouted，故选C．二、阅读理解（共4小题；每题2分，满分40分）13．（10分）There are different kinds of ways to bring family members closer in different areas and countries．I think it is very important for families to have regular （定期地）meals together．One of my good children memories was having dinner with my parents and two sisters．Because my husband and I both worked and our there children were also busy with their studies．We seldom had a chance to get together．But we thought it would be possible for us to sit down and enjoy meals together every week．First，we tried setting fixed days：Mondays，Wednesdays and Fridays．But almost everyone was unhappy．Then my son had the idea that everyone told his or her most convenient days and I would choose the best days．For a while the children were still unhappy with the idea．They said they would rather spend the time playing sports with their friends．Gradually，however，they began to see the evenings together as interesting and helpful．We made plans for trips．We discussed each other's problems．We exchange reccent interesting things．After about five months，anyone who had to miss a family meal felt regretful．And now we all feel that we have built stronger relationships within the family than we had before．31．What was important for the writer to bring family members closer？A A．Having meals regularly together．B．Having a big dinner together．C．Having meals together everyday．D．Having dinner with friends．32．Why did the family seldom get together？CA．They didn't like to get together．B．The children were busy with playing．C．They were so busy with studies or work．D．The writer and her husband worked in another city．33．At first they planned to have meals together C a week．A.1dayB.2 daysC.3 daysD.5 days34．What didn't happen during the evenings together？DA．Making plans for trips．B．Discussing each other's problems．C．Exchange recent interesting things．D．Playing sports with their friends．35．We can learn from the passage that BA．They even become unhappy with each otherB．They have closer relationships than beforeC．The relationships are still the same as beforeD．They still prefer to do his or her own things．【解答】31．答案A 细节理解题由文中I think it is very important for families to have regular（定期地）meals together 可知我认为非常重要地一个方式是家庭成员定期一起吃饭，故选A32．答案C 细节理解题由文中my husband and I both worked and our children were also busy with their studies 可知我丈夫和我都忙于工作，我们地孩子也忙着学习，故选C33．答案C 细节理解题由文中First，we tried setting fixed days：Mondays，Wednesdays and Fridays 可知首先，我们尝试设置固定时间：周一、周三和周五，故选C34．答案D 细节理解题由文中We made plans for trips．We discussed each other's problems．We exchange reccent interesting things 可知我们计划旅行．我们讨论彼此地问题．我们交换最近地有趣地事情，故选D35．答案B 文章理解题由文中And now we all feel that we have built strongerrelationships within the family than we had before可知现在我们都觉得我们已经建立了比以前更强大地家庭关系，故选B14．（10分）Today we will talk about sports．We know all over the world people enjoy sports．Why？Maybe the most important reason is that sports help people to keep healthy and happy and to have live together．Many people like to watch others play games．They often buy tickets or turn on their TV to watch the games when they have time．And often they get very excited when"their"player or team wins or plays very well．Some sports are so interesting that almost all the people go in for them．Football，for example，has spread around the world．Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with a lot of rivers or lakes．Some sports or games go back more than 4000 years ago．Like running or jumping，Chinese Wushu，for example，has a very long history．But basketball and volleyball are rather new．Neither is hundred years old yet．People are inventing new sports or games all the time．As we know，water﹣skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports．People from different countries may not be able to understand each other，but after a game together，they often become good friends．36．Many people like sports because it can help them D．A．to become famousB．to become stronger and tallerC．to make much moneyD．to enjoy health and live together37．How will people often feel when"their"team beats the other？B A．disappointedB．excitedC．tiredD．Patient38．The underlined phrase"go in for"probably means B。

泸州高中高2014级高二下学期第一次月考考试理科综合本试卷分第І卷（选择题）和第П卷（非选择题）两部分，共40题，共300分，共10页。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自留注意事项：1.答题前考生将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2.选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须使用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱、不准用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀6.可能用到的相对原子质量：H:1 C:12 O:16 S:32 Cl:35.5第І卷一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列有关传统发酵技术的叙述，错误的是A.酵母菌在无氧条件下可利用葡萄糖产生酒精B.醋酸菌在有氧条件下可利用葡萄糖产生醋酸C.泡菜腌制利用了乳酸菌在无氧条件下能分解乳酸D.腐乳制作利用了毛霉等微生物的蛋白酶和脂肪酶2.下列有关颜色反应的叙述，错误的是A.在酸性条件下，重铬酸钾与酒精反应呈现蓝绿色B.在盐酸酸化条件下，亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应后，与N—1—萘基乙二胺盐酸盐结合形成玫瑰红色染料C.细菌分解尿素后，会使培养基的碱性增强，使得加入的酚红指示剂变红D.刚果红可以与纤维素形成红色复合物3.下列有关传统食品制作的叙述，错误的是A.家庭制作葡萄酒时，应每隔12h左右将瓶盖拧松一次，以放出CO2B.制作腐乳时卤汤中酒的含量一般控制在12%左右C.腌制泡菜时应按照清水与盐的质量比为4：1的比例配制盐水D.变酸的葡萄酒表面的菌膜是乳酸菌大量繁殖而形成的4.下表I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ是用来培养微生物的三种培养基(+表示添加了、—表示未添加)，现有甲、乙、丙三种微生物，它们都能在Ⅲ中正常生长繁殖；甲能在I中正常生长繁殖，而乙和丙都不能；乙能在Ⅱ中正常生长繁殖，甲、丙都不能。

泸州市高201 ' ST，人忡；hhhliMFI片比卩卩卜物理理科塚合共300分，考试川时1SQ4M札物理试卷分为第一部分（迪揪I）和第冷,II NI讪川m J 们i I亍八）|.；T・M 3 ［4贞，共110分。

齐卷前■考生务必将「II川川门川m '「‘山I I训h考生铮必将答案涂写在答题卡」.冷亦试《OT HQ 汕响忡恬妙馋删I讥阊点朗楞"Me ［祝各位考生考试顺利！第一部分选择做共42分E意事项：1海小题选出答案后，用沖钳笔把齐遡I I *MV期iiimm啲能“如船改助，川椽皮席I净亍，再选涂其它答案标号。

2•第一部分共7小題■毎小題b分■典42分「用卜小删川给川Ml川i也・咽屮.仃个或多个尼符合題目要求的。

全部选对的得6分皿不金的得3分（地制域K悴的得0仆。

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•曲O二水中同•深度排列占相隔代远的红料艸I不同蚀佝的为比小灯也.I卯说伏屮||确的斤0 pK对蓝光的临界角大）和红此的临师角乂初壮：；B•灯泡所发的光从水中进入空气后敬申心人山"幻何YJw臬人从水而上方竖世向下備视凹小灯剋,給觉絞棵的島钉佝小灯泡D・蓝色小灯泡照亮水面的区城比红色小灯泡人［发射地球同步通讯卫星的常用方法显：先用吋火删卩呵人叶仙伽的时血（m 肩然后在人点开动星載火箭，把卫星送到•个炖叭加吩近地点〃开动卫星上的发动机.将卫星送上打地球门转同少运打的机为1肌|刑曲灿飯淞说A.地球同步通讯卫星的轨逍可仙圆轨谄血町他MIMI血 2B.卫见在椭圆w上经过人点时的迪度K ） n Vilfl I出：•対4点IMIWJ忖C.卫星在III轨逬上的运行速度“定比II轨讷匕埸甘时的笊人建为魁小\/D•右已知;|力雹和近地卫星M刚也血吐綃M）的吗屮叽则叩仙?叭艸的机y 簡•谕恂PI!協 | 01H ,| Di YM/“伦CzA.如果将整个装陶于竖直向上的某—匀强电场中小球从斜轨道上心瞪讥二 髙处由静止开始运动后,-定能通过圆形轨道的最高点 个 篇畀¥B. 如果将整个装置置于竖直向下的某_匀强电场中小球从斜转道上力 :奇处由静止运动后，-定能通过圆形轨道的最侖点Q 2申0;嘗囂爲蠶譽某遐场昼小球豐;毁高处由静止开始运动 :幣向^號爲m 心"徐止开始运动髙三二诊物理第2页共4页4.如图甲所示，为一简谐横波沿上轴传播的波动图像，图乙足该波*轴上厂4“处的质心从I 、小 开始计时的振动图象，则关于工轴上儿再经过O ・25s.a 质点的按动传播到厶质点位拔处B ・再经过0.25s 质点与b 质点的速度和位移均第一次相同C.再经过0.258的时间内皿质点运动的路程一定小于 Mm 两质点的F 列冇关说法中，叫确的是A千T 2乍2cm.6质点运动的路程一定大于2cmD ・再经过0.5s 的时间内，回复力对质点“做正功，对质点b 做负功5•在如图所示的电路中■电源电动势恒定，内阻为4C 为电容器，电灯A 、B 的电阻分别为皿和R R •滑 动变阻器的总电阻为/?0,且心〉心＞ 局。

四川省泸州市2015年中考物理试卷一、选择题（每小题只有一个答案正确，每题3分，共36分）1．2015年3月23日中国国际酒业博览会在泸州国际会展中心举行盛大开幕式．如图是开幕式的场景图片，下列说法正确的是（）考点：防治噪声的途径；物体的颜色；分子的运动．专题：声现象；光的折射、光的色散；分子热运动、内能．分析：A、防治噪声污染可以从噪声的产生、噪声的传播及噪声的接收这三个环节进行防治．B、研究物体的运动情况时，首先要选取一个物体作为标准，这个被选作标准的物体叫做参照物．研究对象的运动情况是怎样的，就看它与参照物的相对位置是否变化．C、分子是在不断运动的；D、不透明物体的颜色由它反射的色光决定，白色的物体能反射所有的色光，反射什么色光就是什么颜色；单色物体只反射与本身相同的色光，其它色光不反射．解答：解：A、车辆禁止鸣喇叭，这是在声源处减弱噪声，故A正确；B、挂有彩带的气球在升空过程中，彩带相对于气球的位置没有发生改变，故彩带相对于气球是静止的，故B错误；C、因为酒香中含有的分子是在不断运动的，向四周扩散，使人们闻到酒香，故C错；D、太阳光就是白色光，红色鲜花在阳光的照射下反射红光．而不是吸收白光中的红色光，故D 错误．故选A．点评：解决此类问题要结合防治噪声的途径、物体的颜色由所反射的色光决定的特点、分子运动等几个方面去分析，属于基础题，也是中考的热点之一．2．下列生括中的物理现象描述正确的是：A.矫正近视眼，应配戴凸透镜制成的眼镜B.使用金属外壳的用电器时，一般要接三孔插座C.秋天早晨出现的雾，这是汽化现象，需要暖热D.煤、石油、天然气、太阳能等都是可再生资源考点：近视眼的成因与矫正办法；液化及液化现象；安全用电原则；能源的分类．专题：透镜及其应用；汽化和液化、升华和凝华；电与热、生活用电；能源的利用与发展．分析：A、近视眼能看清近处的物体，不能看清远处的物体，是因为近视眼的晶状体太厚，会聚能力过强，像成在视网膜的前方．要戴一个对光线有发散作用的凹透镜来矫正，使像成在视网膜上；B、金属外壳的家用电器的外壳一定要接地，这样可以避免触电事故的发生．C、物质从气态变成液态的现象为液化，液化要放热；D、自然资源分可再生资源和非可再生资源，非可再生资源是指短时间内不能更新或再生的资源，如矿产资源．解答：解：A、近视眼是由于像成在了视网膜的前方，近视要用凹透镜来矫正．故A错误；B、有金属外壳的家用电器外壳如果漏电，人接触漏电的用电器，当有地线时，地线把人体短路，不会发生触电事故；如果没有地线，人加在220V的电源上，会发生触电，故外壳应与地面相连，即我们平时所说的接地．故B正确；C、秋天早晨出现的雾，这是液化现象，需要放热，故C错误；D、所有的矿产资源都属于非可再生资源，石油、煤炭、天然气都属于矿产资源，是不可再生资源．故D错误．故选B．点评：本题考查了近视眼的成因及矫正、液化及液化现象、安全用电原则、能源的分类等多个知识点，是一道综合性较强的题目．3.“等效替代法”是科学研究中的一种常用方法，其实质是在效果相同的情况下，将较为复杂的实际问题变换为简单的熟悉问题。

2015年四川泸州中考物理化学试题及答案-中考总结：话题作文与学期梳理课程特色:以写作问题为纲，以解决中高考语文写作问题和讲授踩分词为主，每节课仍会讲解2—3篇阅读题，作为对应练习和提高。

学习时，要求学生熟记理解每一讲的”地图内容”，以便考试时融会运用。

适合学员想扎实写作基础，稳固提高作文水平的初中生赠送《中学语文知识地图—中学必考文学常识一本通》第十五章：学期课程融汇与升华课程特色:以解决阅读问题为纲，融会踩分词和阅读答题要求，进行专题训练，侧重点分为两个方面，一是结合《中学语文知识地图踩分词》进行阅读答题运用，二是答题结构与题型，每节课中以阅读概括能力、理解表述能力、判定分析能力和鉴赏能力题为引导进行学习。

适合学员现代文阅读答题技巧掌握不够全面，想稳固提高的初中生赠送《中学语文知识地图—中学文言文必考140字》课程特色:全面地检测与分析学生考试丢分的问题，让学生清楚自己问题在哪，并且怎样改，通过思维训练，加以解决，重点教会学生如何凭借一张知识地图，去解决所有的语文阅读写作问题。

适合学员想夯实语文基础知识，成绩稳步提高的初中生赠送《学生优秀作品及点评指导（2.0版）》第八章：以小见大与虚实相应课程特色:对考场三大作文类型悉数讲解，针对考场作文，黄保余老师现场充精彩点评得失。

适合学员作文写作水平寻求短期突破的初中生赠送《中学考场作文训练营》（图书）第八章：以小见大与虚实相应课程特色:对考场三大作文类型悉数讲解，针对考场作文，黄保余老师现场充精彩点评得失。

适合学员作文写作水平寻求短期突破的初中生赠送《中学考场作文训练营》（图书）第二节：说明文专题课程特色:针对小学阶段学生最应该掌握的三种阅读考试能力进行讲解。

该课程两个重心：一是各类题型答题方法和技巧的分析，特别是易错点的点评；另一个方面是对概括能力、理解能力，表述能力的训练。

适合学员阅读能力迅速提升的5—7级学生赠送《语文阅读得高分策略与技巧》（小学版）第二节：说明文专题课程特色:针对小学阶段学生最应该掌握的三种阅读考试能力进行讲解。

泸州市2015年高中阶段学校招生考试理科综合化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 C-12 N-14 Na-23 Mg-24 Cl-35.5 Ca-40 Ag-108一、选择题（每小题3分，共24分，在每小题给出的4个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求）1．下列变化中属于化学变化的是（C）A．金块抽成金线 B．干冰升华 C．可燃冰燃烧 D．蔗糖溶解于水2．化学上常对物质进行分类和研究，以下物质中属于酸的是（A）A．HNO3 B．MgO C．O2 D．NaCl3．下列对环境保护和人体健康没有价值的是（ B）A．将垃圾分类回收利用 B．将工厂废液直接排入江河D．远离烟草、拒绝毒品 D．改进燃煤技术，减少SO2与粉尘排放4．在K2Cr2O7中，Cr元素的化合价是（D）A．＋1价 B．＋3价 C．＋4价 D．＋6价5．下列说法正确的是（A）A．向酸性土壤里撒熟石灰，可调节土壤的pHB．推广加碘盐是为了预防胃酸过多C．钢铁在干燥的环境中比在潮湿的环境中更容易被腐蚀D．玻璃钢、光导纤维和合成纤维都是有机合成材料6．下列化学方程式书写正确的是（C）A．NaOH＋H2SO4＝Na2SO4＋H2O B．Fe＋2NaCl＝2Na＋FeCl2C．6HCl＋Fe2O3＝3H2O＋2FeCl3 D．3KCl＋Al(NO3)3＋3KNO37．下列实验操作、现象、结论或解释不正确的一组是（B）8．元素周期表中，同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化。

下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价（部分信息未列出）。

下列有关说法不正确的是（ D ）A ．⑤处的最高正价是＋6，最低负价是－2B ．③处的数值介于1.10—1.43之间C ．第三周期元素（Na —Cl ）的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数D ．元素①的原子序数是13，①和②形成的化合物的化学式为AlS 五、（本大题共4个小题，每空1分，共17分） 34．根据下列图文回答下列问题：（1）不锈钢是混合物（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）。