上海海事大学823船舶静力学2018年考研初试真题

2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）
考试科目代码623 考试科目名称民法
一、名词解释（共8小题，每小题5分，总分40分）
1.自助行为
2.回赎
3.除斥期间
4.连带责任
5.同时履行抗辩权
6.消极侵权行为
7.占有改定
8.行纪
二、问答题（共5小题，每小题12分，总分60分）
1.民法上的物有哪些法律特征？
2.试述效力待定法律行为与可撤销民事行为的区别。

3.简述代理权滥用的构成条件及类型。

4.试述死亡宣告撤销的法律后果。

5.简述预期违约的概念和特点。

三、论述题（共1小题，总分25分）
1.试论按份共有人的权利和义务。

1 / 2。

船舶理论力学考研真题试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 船舶理论力学中，船舶的浮力是由什么原理产生的？A. 阿基米德原理B. 牛顿第三定律C. 动量守恒定律D. 能量守恒定律2. 船舶在静水中航行时，其阻力主要由哪几个因素影响？A. 船舶的重量B. 船舶的排水量C. 船舶的湿面积D. 船舶的航速3. 船舶在波浪中航行时，波浪对船舶的影响主要体现在哪些方面？A. 船舶的稳定性B. 船舶的推进效率C. 船舶的航速D. 船舶的载重能力4. 船舶在设计时，船舶的长宽比（L/B）对船舶的性能有何影响？A. 增加船舶的稳定性B. 减少船舶的阻力C. 增加船舶的载重能力D. 提高船舶的航速5. 船舶在设计时，船舶的吃水深度对船舶的性能有何影响？A. 增加船舶的稳定性B. 减少船舶的阻力C. 降低船舶的载重能力D. 提高船舶的航速二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 请简述船舶理论力学中，船舶的稳性与船舶安全的关系。

2. 描述船舶在波浪中航行时，船舶的动态响应包括哪些方面，并简述其对船舶性能的影响。

3. 请解释船舶理论力学中，船舶的阻力和推进力的关系。

三、计算题（每题25分，共50分）1. 某船舶的排水量为1000吨，船舶的湿面积为200平方米，航速为20节。

假设船舶的阻力系数为0.005，试计算船舶在静水中的总阻力。

2. 假设有一艘船舶，其船长为100米，船宽为20米，船深为10米。

已知船舶在静水中的排水量为5000吨，船舶的重心位于船底以上5米处。

如果船舶在波浪中受到一个周期为10秒的正弦波的影响，波浪的振幅为1米，试计算船舶在波浪中的稳心高度。

四、论述题（共30分）请论述船舶理论力学在现代船舶设计中的应用，并结合实例说明其重要性。

（注：以上内容为模拟考研真题试卷，实际考试内容和题型可能会有所不同。

）。

2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码 831 考试科目名称 高等代数一、填空题（每小题5分，共60分，其中第10~12小题应填“真”或“假”）1. 当a =（ ）时多项式2()f x x ax =+与2()4g x x x a =++有公共根。

2. 若数域P 上的一元多项式()()f x g x 与互素，即((),())1f x g x =. 则((),()+())f x f x g x = ( ).3. 当λ=（ ）时，下述齐次线性方程组有非零解：12341234123412342220222022202220x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x λλλλ+++=⎧⎪+++=⎪⎨+++=⎪⎪+++=⎩4. 当k =（ ）时，以下向量组线性相关：1234(1,1,1,3),(1,3,5,1),(3,2,1,),(2,6,10,).k k αααα==--=-=--5. 设矩阵A 和B 分别是2×3和3×3的矩阵，秩(A )=2，秩(B )=3，则A 与B 的乘积AB 的秩是（ ）。

6. 方阵A 和B 满足()21,,2A B E A A =+= 这里E 为单位矩阵。

则B 2=（ ）。

7. 三阶矩阵A 的特征根为－1，2，4，则A 的行列式|A | =（ ）。

8. 设V 1，V 2都是线性空间V 的子空间，V 1⊆V 2，且V 1与V 2有相同的维数，则 （ ）。

9. 设A 是3维欧氏空间R 3的线性变换：3(,,)(,,),(,,).A x y z x y x z z x y z R =+-∀∈则A 在基123(1,0,0),(1,1,0),(1,1,1)ααα===下的矩阵为（ ）。

10. 以下命题为（ ）：若方阵A , B , C 满足AB =AC ，则B =C .。

1 2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）（请带计算器）考试科目代码 823 考试科目名称 船舶静力学一、填空题（共15题，每题2分，共30分）1．军舰通常以 和 交点的垂线作为尾垂线。

2．基平面是通过中线面和中站面交线上的 平行于 的平面。

3．垂向棱形系数的表达式是 所表示的意义是 。

4．在应用梯形法进行数值积分时，长度L 的等分数目n ，在应用辛浦生二法时，长度L 的等分数目n 。

5．船舶的排水量是 与 之和。

6．水线面面积曲线的形状反映了 ；横剖面面积曲线的形状反映了 。

7．当船舶从淡水驶入海水区域时，船舶吃水 ，浮心位置 ，重心位置 ，使船产生 。

8．对于普通的货船，典型的装载工况有 、 、 。

9．自由液面对稳性影响的计算公式∆=∆x i GM 1ω，式中的i x 表示 。

10．船舶倾斜试验的根本目的是 。

11．计算船舱进水后船舶浮态和稳性的基本方法有 和 。

12．在船舶纵向下水四个阶段中，通常会发生 和 不利现象，应尽量避免。

13．船舶横倾角小于10°的稳性称为 ，大于10°的稳性称为 。

14．渗透率的定义是 除以空舱的 。

15．在船舶抗沉性计算中，把进水舱分为三类，其中 和 有自由液面。

二、名词解释（共6题，每题5分，共30分）1．浮心和稳心2．首垂线和尾垂线3．静稳性曲线和动稳性曲线4．每厘米吃水吨数和每厘米纵倾力矩5．自由液面6．稳性横截曲线三、论述题（共4题，每题10分，共40分）1．静稳性曲线的形状和面积是如何表征船舶稳性的好坏？通过哪些特征参数来表示？这些参数数值如何确定？2.如何确定船舶的进水角曲线？在大倾角稳性校核中，为什么要考虑进水角的影响？它在静稳性曲线和动稳性曲线图上是如何反映的？3.说明装卸大量载荷对船的稳性和浮态的影响。

为什么要利用静水力曲线来计算？并叙述。

上海海事大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码825 考试科目名称法理学一、名词解释（30分）1.（6分）法律的国家性2.（6分）法律事实3.（6分）第一性法律关系4.（6分）系统解释5.（6分）法律监督二、简答题（50分）1.（10分）简述公法和私法。

2.（10分）简述法的规范作用。

3.（10分）简述司法适用中法律原则的使用规则。

4.（10分）何为法律责任的免除？它有几种免责形式？5.（10分）简述法律与政策的联系与区别。

三、论述题（40分）1.（20分）试论权利与义务是法学核心范畴。

2.（20分）关于“程序正义与实体正义孰轻孰重”，你持何种观点？请阐述理由。

四、材料分析题（30分）2015年1月15日上午，广东省佛山市南海区一位名叫祝某的农妇见罗某带着孙子小罗在田间种地，便将当地人俗称的大蕉给了小罗。

这天，苏某、许某都去上班了，便将女儿小苏交由爷爷照看，爷爷将小苏带到了田间。

上午11时许，小苏找小罗一起玩耍，两人每人吃了一根大蕉。

下午大约14时，罗某突然听到小罗大叫，立即奔跑到小罗和小苏身边，发现小苏倒地压住小罗的脚，不省人事，两手发抖，面色发青，口吐白沫，地上掉落一根没有吃完的大蕉。

众人随即将小苏送到卫生站进行救治，从小苏喉咙挖出一块直径约5公分表面带血的大蕉，经抢救无效后于当日15时20分被宣布死亡，医院给出的死亡原因是异物吸入窒息。

2015年8月26日，苏某、许某一纸诉状将祝某、罗某共同推上了被告席，请求法院判令两人共同赔偿因小苏死亡产生的死亡赔偿金、丧葬费等经济损失共计73.7 万余元。

2016年4月15日，一审判决驳回原告苏某、许某的诉讼请求。

2016年8月25日，终审判决驳回上诉，维持原判。

问题：运用法理学有关理论和知识，谈谈你对前述材料的看法。

要求：题目可自拟，字数不少于350字；说理充分，逻辑严谨，语言流畅，表达准确。

1 2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）允许使用计算器考试科目代码 833 考试科目名称 材料科学基础一、名词解释（共15分，每题3分）1. Pauli 不相容原理；2. 空间点阵；3. 无序固溶体；4. 全位错；5. 弥散强化。

二、简答题（共70分）1. 陶瓷材料中主要结合键是什么？从结合键的角度解释陶瓷材料所具有的特殊性能。

（10分）2. 在六方晶系中绘制出）（1112，）（0111，）（2123晶面，]1112[，]1321[晶向。

（10分） 3. 试从晶体结构的角度，说明间隙固溶体、间隙相及间隙化合物的区别。

（10分）4. 简述刃型位错和螺型位错的各自特点。

为什么只有螺位错可以发生交滑移而刃位错却不能？（10分）5. 什么是材料的组织结构？其对材料的性能有何影响？（5分）6. 固溶体与纯金属相比，有何结构、性能特点？（5分）7. 何为过冷现象、过冷度？过冷度与冷却速率有何关系？为何说过冷是凝固的必要条件？（10分）8. 简述纯物质晶体长大方式有哪些，及各自特点。

（10分）三、论述题（共40分）1. 试论材料强化的主要方法及其原理。

（10分）2. 论述晶内偏析形成原因、影响因素有哪些？对金属性能有何影响，如何消除？（10分）3. 论述塑性变形对金属性能的影响。

（10分）4. 以Al-4%Cu 合金为例，论述铝合金时效的基本过程，以及时效过程中几个阶段的沉淀强化机制是什么？并解释铝合金时效脱溶不直接沉淀出稳定相的原因。

（10分）四、计算题（共25分）1. 根据所示的Pb-Sn 相图：①画出成分为w(Sn)=50%合金的冷却曲线及其相应的平衡凝固组织。

（7分）②分别计算该合金共晶反应后组织组成和相组成的相对百分含量。

（8分）。

2018 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分，答题纸上务必标清楚大题号和小题号）考试科目：综合英语I.Structure and Vocabulary: (40/150)(I)GrammarDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices and you should decide on the best one.1.In fact he had done he could to help the poor.A. whatB. whichC. asD. all which2.We’ve tested ten types of material, is completely waterproof.A. no of whichB. none of whichC. some of thatD. neither of which3.makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.A. ThatB. The thingC. AllD. What4.She scarcely cares for anything, ?A. doesn’t sheB. does sheC. is sheD. isn’t she5.He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it isB. of which I think it isC. I think which isD. which I think is6.the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A. Little they realizeB. They little do realizeC. Little realize do theyD. Little do they realize7.They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they their exams.A. have finished B .finishC. will finishD. will have finished8.Without your help, we so much.A. didn’t achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. don’t achieve9.The time will come man can fly to outer space freely.A. thatB. whenC. in thatD. which10.you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized11.Tom said that he wouldn’t mind .A. to wait for usB. waiting for usC. wait for usD. for waiting us12.The students are busy the examination.A. preparing forB. preparingC. to prepareD. to prepare for13.It’s high time we something to stop traffic accident.A. doB. willC. didD. must do14.We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work hard we try.A. whateverB. howC. no matterD. however15.He spoke confidently, impressed me most.A. so thatB. itC. thatD. which16.He asked since he had been chairman for seven years.A. not to have been re-electedB. to be not re-electedC. not to be re-electedD. to have not been re-elected17.He took down a square green bottle, he poured into a dish.A. its contentsB. which contentC. the contents of whichD. the content of that18.We regret you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. to have informed19.Our teacher recommends that we as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A. areB. wereC. shall beD. be20.Never before that night the extent of my own power.A. had I feelB. I feltC. did I feelD. I would feel(II)VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.21.No one knows there is a small island inhabited by a vast assemblage of animals and plants in that country.A. occupiedB. livedC. habituatedD. dwelledck of employment outside the home tends to make women vulnerable to depression.A. surprised byB. impressed byC. attacked byD. disappointed by23.Many factories suffered substantial damage last year.A. littleB. existentC. solidD. noticeable24.Thanks to John I began to learn to trust my feelings.A. Thanks forB. Owing toC. Depending onD. Obliged to25.Rice production soared from 694,000 tons to 913,000.A. roaredB. grewC. flewD. reduced26.Martin’s job offer spurred the others to do something themselves.A. speedB. encouragedC. madeD. wished27.The decline of the motor industry was obviously seen in the economic crisis last year.A. weakeningB. refusingC. decayingD. wasting28.The earliest fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.A. exhibitedB. developedC. expandedD. extended29.She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A. derivedB. hinderedC. objectedD. mixed30.If they don’t invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them.A. descentsB. successorsC. forefathersD. predecessors31.It is surprising that many millionaires are tightfisted.A. generousB. modestC. industriousD. miserly32.The improved lid of this jar makes for easier opening.A. interpretsB. gives inC. supportsD. contributes to33.People have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves.A. complicatedB. up to dateC. coherentD. popular34.This is a clear indictment of government mismanagement,A. signB. statementC. accusationD. injusticending on the moon was one of the most dramatic scientific adventures of this century.A. literalB. impressiveC. flexibleD. constructive36.There is a(n) atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.A. general impressionB. environmentC. climateD. complexity37.The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets.A. changedB. went aroundC. happenedD. placed38.Other factors contributing to the rise of Globalization are new technologies and better transportationsystems.A. giving toB. causing aboutC. leading toD. resulting from39.The teacher illustrated his lesson about France with photographs of the people who live there.A. indicatedB. explainedC. protectedD. instructed40.They disputed with each other on various issues.A. discussedB. competedC. disagreedD. arguedII.Read the following passages and choose the best from the four choices to complete the work attached at the end of each passage: (40/150)Passage AHot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.Early exc ision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning often following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.1.Which of the following was not mentioned as a drawback of the conventional methods of boning?A. Storage space requirements.B. Energy waste.C. Loss of carcass weight.D. Toughness of meat.2.Hot boning is becoming very popular because .A.it causes meat to be very tenderB.it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methodsC.meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meatD.it reduces the weight of the carcass3.Carcass chiller means most nearly .A.a refrigerator for the animal bodyB.a method of boning meatC.electrical stimulation of beefD.early excision4.Early excision means most nearly .A. vacuum packagingB. hot boningC. carcass chillingD. electrical stimulation5.The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by .A.following hot boning with electrical stimulationB.tenderizing the meating electrical stimulation before hot boningD.removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigorPassage BIn 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allow ing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would coast an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year.The French initiated the project but sold their right to the United States. The latter would control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama took over its duties.6.Who currently controls the Panama Canal?A. FranceB. PanamaC. United StatesD. Canal Zone7.In approximately what did a different government take control of the Panama Canal?A. 2000B. 2100C. 3001D. 29998.On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?A. $1,500B. $15,000C. $150,000D. $1,500,0009.In what year was construction probably begun on the canal?A. 1881B. 1920C. 1939D. 199910.What can be inferred from this reading?A.This is a costly project which should be reevaluated.B.Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial.C.Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive.D.Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years. Passage CIn 776 B. C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek’s chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and havingpoems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B. C.11.Which of the following is not true?A.Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.B.The games were held in Greece every four years.C.Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.D.Poems glorified the winners in song.12.Why were the Olympic Games held?A. To sop wars.B. To honor Zeus.C. To crown the best athletes.D. To sing songs about the athletes.13.Approximately how many years ago did these games originated?A. 776 years.B. 2,277 years.C. 1,205 years.D. 2,790 years.14.Which of the following contests was not mentioned?A. Discus throwing.B. Boxing.C. Skating.D. Running.15.What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?A. They liked to fight.B. They were very athletic.C. They liked a lot of ceremony. C. they couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates. Passage DPetroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source—crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as we ll as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.Petroleum products vary very greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical。

船舶静力学试题库（一）——判断题1. 船舶的主要尺度包括船长、型宽、型深和吃水。

（对）2. 从船的最首端至船最尾端的水平距离称垂线间长。

（错）3. 船型系数是用来表示船体肥瘦程度的无因次系数。

（对）4. 从船的首垂线至尾垂线间距离称垂线间长。

（对）5. 方形系数的大小对船的排水量、舱室容积和快速性都有影响。

（对）6. 水线面积系数是表示船体舯剖面的肥瘦程度系数。

（错）7. 棱形系数的大小对船的速航性及耐波性有影响。

（对）8. 方形系数是反映水下船体肥瘦程度的系数。

（对）9. 排水量和船舶吨位都表示船舶大小的，两者概念相同。

（错）10. 船舶排水量是指船在水中排开同体积水的重量。

（对）11. 船舶排水量的大小，即是整艘船的重量的大小。

（对）12. 满载排水量等于空船排水量加上总载重量的和。

（对）13. 空船排水量是船舶出厂交付使用时（包括粮食、淡水、燃料等）的船舶重量。

（错）14. 船舶所能载运最大限度货物的重量称总载重量。

（错）15. 满载排水量-空船排水量=净载重量（错）16. 总载重量是指货物及燃料的总重量。

（错）17. 净载重量是指船舶所能装载允许的最大限度的货（客）的重量。

（对）18. 干舷是指船在水中水线至甲板线的垂直距离。

（对）19. 干舷的大小反映储备浮力的大小，并影响到船舶安全。

（对）20. 储备浮力的大小根据船的航区而定。

（对）21. 水尺难以反映船舶吃水的大小。

（错）22. 水尺若采用公制为单位时，字的高度为15cm。

（错）23. 载重线标志是规定船舶最小吃水线。

（错）24. 载重线标志的勘划是船舶检验部门。

（对）25. 载重线标志的作用是规定船在不同航区、航段和不同季节航行时所允许的最大吃水线。

（对）26. 船在水中排开同体积水的重量的大小等于载货量的大小。

（错）27. 船舶浮力的大小始终等于整艘船的重量。

（对）28. 当船舶在静水中处于平衡时，重力大于浮力。

（错）29. 所谓船的正浮状态，即是船在水中的平衡状态。