Unit One (Book Four)I RF (1)Memories of AfghanistanAfghanistan----- a country on the brink of a humanitarian disaster, a land filled with fleeing refugees, starving people, and turbaned terrorists in training camps. TV pictures tell the story of a country in ruin and poverty, a country brought almost to total destruction by twenty years of war and struggle. Yet once-----though poor-----this was a proud nation, and a beautiful country, and one with a rich cultural heritage……Apart from the nations of Europe, there are few countries in the world that have never been under colonial rule----or at least never in recent times; Afghanistan was one of them. Many centuries ago, Genghis Khan‘s troops rode down from Mongolia, mercilessly killing the mountain tribesmen of Afghanistan who dared to resist the invader; but apart from this humiliating period in time, the Afghanistans----who are in fact a mixture of three separate ethnic groups----have held their heads high in the face of invasion.The country that is now at the center of the world‘s attention was once one of the world‘s proudest nations, and a nation that other countries invaded at their own risk. In the 19th century the armies of the British Empire knew that Afghanistan was not a country to interfere with.A hundred and twenty years ago, in 1881, British soldiers were nonetheless stationed in the Afghan capital, Kabul. They were there for two reasons, firstly to help stop the Russians from invading the country, and secondly to ensure the existence of an independent buffer-state between the Russian Empire to the north, and the British Empire in India (modern Pakistan) to the south east.Queen Victoria would have liked to add Afghanistan to her empire, but her soldiers never succeeded in this mission, though they tried, and failed. In 1879, the whole British Mission (embassy) in Kabul, including servants, was massacred by a group of rebel Afghan soldiers, furious because they had not been paid by their own king, Mohammed Yacoub. Yacoub was friendly to the British, so the British got the blame. The story of the Kabul Massacre was remembered for a long time by the British in India, and recorded by several Victorian writers and poets.Other bloody events also marked the relationship between the British and the Afghans in the 19th century. In 1842, in the notorious battle of the Khyber Pass, a complete British army was massacred by Afghans as they returned from a short raid into the country. Just one man, a doctor, managed to survive the massacre, and make his way back to the safety of India, to tell the story of the terrible event.Though the world has changed a lot since Victorian times, Afghanistan has changed little. In many ways, the Taliban have even moved the country back in time, a dark age of ignorance, intolerance and repression; but even without the Taliban, Afghanistan would still, today, be one of the world‘s most undeveloped nations. Land-locked, aside from most modern routes of communication, and broken up by the mighty Hindu Kush mountains and by vast deserts, Afghanistan, like the ―tribal territory‖ of northwest Pakistan, has remained fiercely independent from outside interference, and strongly attached to its traditional ways.For the last twenty-five years, the Afghan people have suffered from war and destruction: the overthrow of the monarchy, then the invasion by the Soviet Union in 1978, then the waragainst the Soviets, then the struggle for control of the country between the Taliban and the supporters of General Massoud, now the massive departure of a people on the verge of starvation, driven from their homes as much by fear of the Taliban as by the threat of military invasion.Yet in spite of all this, despite the destruction of a large part of their country, the Afghan people remain kind and hospitable. Older Afghans remember back to a past, when they lived in peace and relative security; younger Afghans, who have never known an era of peace, look forward to the day when a new age of peace will come. Hopefully, that new dawn will not be too far away.Statements1. Afghanistan used to be a peaceful country that never suffered from any foreign invasion.2. Afghanistan is one of the few countries that have never been under colonial rule.3.Genghis Khan’s troops suffered a big loss when they tried to conquer Afghanistan.4. In 1881, Britain soldiers were stationed in Afghanistan in order to establish an independent and peaceful state between Russia and British India.5. The entire British Mission in Kabul was cruelly killed because they wanted to prevent the British from invading Afghanistan.6. Queen Victoria regretted sending the British Mission into Afghanistan after the 1879 massacre.7. In 1842, a complete British army was massacred by Afghans and no one survived in the bloody event.8. If it were not for the Taliban, Afghanistan would have already become a developed country.9.Now many Afghan people suffer from starvation, Taliban’s tyranny and military events and have to leave their own country.10. In Afghanistan, neither the older people nor the youth want any changes in their life. Key: 1-5 FTETF 6-10 EFFTF(2).Passage OneRespect beings within the individuals. The original state of respect is based on awareness of the self as a unity entity, a life force within, a spiritual being, a soul. The elevated consciousness of knowing ―Who I am‖ arises from a real place of pure worth. With such insight, there is faith in the self and wholeness and completeness within. With self realization, one experiences true self-respectConfl ict takes place when the awareness of one‘s original nature and the original nature of the other is lacking. As a result, external negative influences rule supreme over respect. To be stabilized in the elevated stage of the self ensures genuine respect for and from others, since one acts in the consciousness that every human being has innate (天生的) worth which is pure and virtuous. Such a mindset guarantees final victory, since interaction on that basis assures that the inherent goodness of the self and other emerges.To develop the value of respect within the self and to give it practical expression in daily life is the challenge. Obstacles are encountered to test the strength of respect, and these are often felt at the most vulnerable (易受攻击的) times. Self-confidence is needed to deal with circumstances in an optimistic, hopeful, and self-assured manner. In situations when allsupports seem to have vanished, what remains loyal is the extent to which one has been able to become self-reliant internally.Respect is an acknowledgement of the inherent worth and innate rights of the individual and collective. These must be recognized as the central focus to draw from people a commitment to a higher purpose in life. International respect and recognition for \intellectual rights and creative ideals must be observed without discrimination (区分) . The eminence (显赫) of life is present in everyone, and every human being has a right to the joy of living with respect and dignity.Statements:1. When there is self-realization, true self-confidence will take place.2. Conflict result from the lack of awareness of human being’s original nature.3. Self respect is needed to deal with circumstances optimistically, helpfully and surely.4. The inherent worth and innate rights ensure people to have a higher purpose in life.5. All human beings are living with respect and dignity.Passage TwoGoogle is a world-famous company, with its headquarters in Mountain View, California. It was set up in a Silicon Valley garage in 1998, and inflated (膨胀) with the Internet bubble. Even when everything around it collapsed the company kept on inflating. Google‘s search engine is so widespread across the world that search became Google, and Google became a verb. The world fell in love with the effective, fascinatingly fast technology.Google owes much of its success to the brilliance of S. Bring and L. Page, but also to a series of fortunate events. It was Page who, at Stanford in 1996, initiated the academic project that eventually became Google‘s search engine. Bring, who had met Page at a student orientation a year earlier, joined the project early on. They were both Ph.D. candidates when they devised the search engine which was better than the rest and, without any marketing, spread by word of mouth from early adopters to, eventually, your grandmother.Their breakthrough, simply put, was that when their search engine crawled the Web, it did more than just look word matches, it also tallied (统计) and ranked a host of other critical factors like how websites link to one another, That delivered far better results than anything else. Brin and Page meant to name their creation Google (the mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeroes), but someone misspelled the word so it stuck as Google. They raised money from prescient (有先见之明的) professors and venture capitalists, and moved off campus to turn Google into business. Perhaps their biggest stroke of luck came early on when they tried to sell their technology to other search engines, but no one met their price, and they built it up on their own.The next breakthrough came in 2000, when Google figured out how to make money with its invention. It had lots of users, but almost no one was paying. The solution turned out to be advertising, and it‘s not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that that‘s the source of nearly all its revenue. Today it is a giant advertising company, worth $100 billion.Statements:6. The brilliance of S. Brin and L. Page as well as a series of fortunate events has made Google successful.7. Google’s search engine started from the academic project initiated by L. Page.8. Brin and Page decided to start their own business because no one was interested in their technology.9. Google’s search engine is the largest in the world.10. Google’s search engine spread all over the world by advertising.Key: 1-5 FTFTE 6-10 TTFEFII．RDFor many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury; they must work to____1___. Others face a hard decision. One husband said, ― Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) . We simply couldn‘t afford it.‖ With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be ___2___, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the ___3____ needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel __4____ if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now ___5___ more. I wasn‘t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the worldKey: B E D G CIII. RCKey: BACBA BABAC CDCBA BBBCDIV．CVB (易混词选择题10题) (题目分类：多项选择题)1. It is test _____ to judge a person‘s ability only by the result of his written examinations.A) loving B) warshipping C) admiring D) worshipping2. He was ______ murder and sentenced to deathA) accused of B) blamed for C) responsible for D) guilty of3. There are two _____ rooms in this house, which are meant for rent.A) empty B) vacant C) blank D) unoccupied4. I am fed up! I‘ve been ____ of catching the same bus, doing the same work and meeting the same people everyday!A) boring B) tiring C) hated D) bored5. Her way of walking is quite_____ from that of her sisters.A) distinctive B) clear C) distinct D) unique6. We made a _____ examination of the jewel before we decided to buy it.A) little B) small C) tiny D) minute7. I borrowed a lot of interesting books from the public library for my son in order to ____ his interest in reading.A) support B) sustain C) carry on D) improve8. If no one _____, we will have a picnic this Saturday.A) opposes B) agrees C) objects D) protests9.Those books I ordered still haven‘t come; I will have to ____ the manager about them.A) chase B) pursue C) tell D) blame10. If you can‘t _____ you r absence from the class, you will be punished.A) prove B) justify C) testify D) explainKey: 1-5 D A B D C 6-10 D B C A BV．WB （Word Building: 构词法应用10题）(文本题) 挂题1. To raise the yield of crops, _____ farming is very important. (intense)2. When people came to get the boy out of the water, he was already_____. (drowning)3. The bus broke down on my way to school; as a result, I missed Mr. Johnson‘s history class, but it was a _____absence. (justify)4. The tyrant‘s _____ enraged all the people in his country and finally a rebellion broke out. (cruel)5. She owes her success to _____ hard work. (sustain)6. If no one has any _____, I will declare the meeting closed. (object)7. The police reported that three men and a woman were involved in the bank _____ last week. (rob)8. Experts have _____ the possibility of a second earthquake in the area.(count)9. Those events are just a /an____ memory now.(distinct)10.Our students are being _____ by his extreme right wing ideas! (contamination)Key：intensive drowned justifiable cruelty sustained objections robbery discounted indistinct contaminatedVI．ECT（英译汉两句）(主观题)1．They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur.1．答案：他们形成自己的风格，为了迅速走红，其经纪人极力吹捧他们这种风格，他们青云直上的过程让人雾里看花。
