NFPA 86 combustion requirements

BOILER CONTROL SYSTEMSB U R N E R M A N A G E M E N TBasic Boiler Sequencing and Safety System•Provides safe start check, supervised start-up sequence, continuous interlock monitoring, flame detection andsafety shut-down functions. Maintains compliance with allapplicable codes and laws.D R U M LE V E L C O N T R O LSingle Element System•Simplest Approach•Measures drum level and regulates feedwater flow tomaintain that level. Adequate for single boiler utility plantswith relatively static loads.Two Element System•Measures drum level and steam flow and regulatesfeedwater flow to maintain drum level. Recommended forutility plants with multiple boilers and relatively staticloads.Three Element System•Measures drum level, steam flow and feedwater flow, and regulates feedwater flow to maintain drum level. Stronglyrecommended for utility plants with dynamic loads.C o m b u s t i o n C o n t r olSeries Metered System•Both fuel and air are metered. The boiler master sets the air flow setpoint. The air flow controller sets the fuel flow setpoint. Thisscheme is common where boiler loads are relatively static, with small,infrequent changes.Parallel Metered System•Both fuel and air are metered. The boiler master sets the fuel flow setpoint. The fuel flow and air flow control loops operate in parallel,with the air flow setpoint ratioed from the fuel flow. This approachprovides improved efficiency over series metered systems but is stilllimited to boilers with relatively slow load changes.Cross Limited SystemOxygen Trim System•The addition of oxygen trim to the combustion control systemallows the greatest efficiency possible. By measuring flue gas O2content, the combustion air flow can be “trimmed” to reduceexcess air flow to an absolute minimum, especially when usedwith a cross-limited system. Oxygen trim reduces the effects ofchanging air densities due to temperature and relative humidity.•This “lead-lag” method is similar to the parallel metered system but adds fuel and air flow interlocking (fuel flow follows air flow onload increases / air flow follows fuel flow on load decreases). Thisfeature prevents a hazardous “fuel rich” condition. Cross limitedsystems are strongly recommended where boiler load swings aredynamic and also alllows for precise fuel / air ratio control.Boiler Control System Selection MatrixItem Description Select1 Boiler control and burner management system for a single burner boiler including:-Boiler controller with boiler master controller and fuel/air ratio control & drum level controlbased on selected options below-Self-checking UV flame detector-Standard 559 Operator interface panelBoiler control / burner management cabinet options:2 1042 Operator interface terminal w/ floppy drive (replaces standard 559 operator interface)3 1042 Operator interface terminal w/ ZIP drive (replaces standard 559 operator interface)4 TrendManager analysis software5 Ethernet switch (for peer-peer communication)6 Spare analog input configuration per point (7 spares available)7 Spare discrete input configuration per point (11 spares available)8 Spare discrete output configuration per point (2 spares available)Fuel/air ratio control system configuration and field instrument options:9 Series metered fuel/air ratio control10 Parallel metered fuel/air ratio control11 Cross limited fuel/air ratio control12 Combustion air flow transmitter kit13 Fuel gas firing14 Fuel gas flow transmitter kit15 Fuel oil firing16 Fuel oil flow transmitter kit17 Oxygen trim control18 O2 Analyzer kitDrum level control configuration and field instrument options:19 Single element drum level control (drum level only measured)20 Drum level transmitter kit21 Two element drum level control (drum level and steam flow measured)22 Steam flow transmitter kit23 Three element drum level control (drum level, steam flow and feedwater flow measured)24 Feedwater flow transmitter kit25 Steam header pressure transmitter kit26 Drum pressure transmitter kit27 Steam condensing potBurner management field instrument options:28 Fuel gas high pressure switch kit29 Fuel gas low pressure switch kit30 Fuel oil high pressure switch kit31 Fuel oil low pressure switch kit32 Combustion air low pressure switch kit33 Combustion air flow @ purge switch kit34 Fuel oil / atomizing medium low differential pressure switch kit35 Atomizing steam low pressure switch kit36 Steam drum high pressure switch kitField Instrument configuration options:37 Transmitter configuration (per unit)38 Transmitter / Switch calibration (per unit)。

涂装作业安全规程涂层烘干室安全技术规定编制说明一、工作简况1、编制背景GB 14443—2007《涂装作业安全规程涂层烘干室安全技术规定》，该标准1993年编制发布，并于2007年经修订重新发布并实施。

该标准实施十年来，在喷涂行业得到广泛应用，涂层烘干工艺安全事故明显减少。

但随着科技的进步，燃气、燃油等加热系统得到广泛应用，以及新的法律法规的相继颁布，对涂层烘干领域提出了更高的要求，因此对《涂装作业安全规程涂层烘干室安全技术规定》进行第二次修订就十分必要。

2、任务来源2016年8月，《国家标准委关于下达<涂装作业安全规程静电喷枪及其辅助装置安全技术条件>等12项国家标准制修订计划的通知》（国标委综合函[2016]17号）中下达了国家标准GB 14443《涂装作业安全规程涂层烘干室安全技术规定》的修订计划（计划号：20160876-Q-450）。

本标准为强制性国家标准（GB标准）。

3、起草单位、主要起草人该项目由中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司负责起草，并邀请部分原主要起草人员参加修订。

本标准起草单位：中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司、中航工程集成设备有限公司、上海涂装行业协会、浙江华立智能装备股份有限公司、扬州琼花涂装工程技术有限公司、浙江明泉工业装备科技有限公司、上海市机电设计研究院有限公司。

本标准主要起草人：田虹、余璐、张鹏伟、陶伟民、吴伟玲、赵瑛、茅立安、吕建立、郎巍、吴震、丁玲莉。

4、主要工作过程（1）2016.9，组建了《涂装作业安全规程涂层烘干室安全技术规定》起草小组，并邀请了相关科研单位和用户专业公司参与编制，初定了编制原则、编写分工及工作计划。

（2）2016.10～2017.5，调研和起草。

国标修订编制人员按照会议的要求和内容，对原GB 14443—2007国标实施以来的情况和涂层烘干工艺安全技术发展状况进行调查研究，对原标准的条文进行复核，针对燃气、燃油加热技术的广泛应用，起草小组于2017年3月份对德清、常州的涂装车间进行了现场调研，同时与现场技术人员和操作人员进行了座谈，收集了第一手资料。

美国消防协会标准和规范总目录NFPA1-59a NFPA60-109 NFPA110-319 NFPA320-709 NFPA710-1409 NFPA1410-5000 Other Publications查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录烟雾品生产和存储标准查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录国家燃油气体标准Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录锅炉与燃烧系统的危险等级标准查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录建筑物、构筑物火灾的生命安全保障规范确保生命安全的选择性方法指南查看目录查查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录水冷却塔标准查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录野外消防队员资格认定标准查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录查看目录共276个。

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消防英语专业词汇(N-O)n-gas model 模拟计算时采用的烟气组成模型n-propyl acetate 乙酸丙酯n-propyl chloride 1-氯丙烷n-propyl ether 丙醚n-propyl formate 甲酸丙酯n-propyl mercaptan 丙硫醇n-propyl nitrate 硝酸丙酯n.s. gelignite 含硝酸钠的吉里那特炸药na-x powder na-x 干粉<一种用于扑救钠金属火灾的低氯或无氯灭火剂national association for search and rescue 全国搜寻和救援协会national association of fire equipment distributors 全国消防设备销售协会national association of state fire marshals 全国州级防火长官协会national association of state foresters 全国州林务官协会national board on fire service professional qualifications 全国消防职业资格委员会national fire reporting system 全国火灾报告系统national fire sprinkler association 全国喷水灭火系统协会national fluid power association 全国流体动力协会national guard 国民警卫队national institute for environmental health science 国立环境健康科学研究所national institute of building sciences 全国建筑科学研究所national interagency incident management system 全国多机构不测事件管理体系national liquid petroleum gas association 全国液化石油气协会national lp-gas association 全国液化石油气协会national mobile home construction and safety standards act 全国活动房屋结构与安全标准条例national natural disaster relief center 国家自然灾害救援中心national professional qualifications board 全国专业资格委员会national research board 全国研究委员会national research council of canada 加拿大全国研究委员会national standard thread 国家标准螺纹national traffic and motor vehicle safety act 国家交通与机动车安全条例national truck equipment association 全国卡车设备协会national weather service 国家气象局natural air entrapment 空气自然卷入natural air inlet 自然进风natural air-crossing 天然风桥natural asphalt 天然沥青natural barrier 天然屏障natural combustion 自然燃烧natural disaster 自然灾害natural draught 自然通风natural fiber 天然纤维natural fibre hose 天然纤维水带natural fire 自然火灾<闪电natural fuel break 天然防火线<自然形成的防火隔离带如河流natural fuel 天然可燃物<自然过程开成natural gas burner 天然气燃烧器natural gas main 天然总管natural gas shutoff 天然气关闭阀natural gas 天然气natural gasoline 天然汽油natural illumination 天然照明natural lighting 自然采光natural moisture 天然湿度natural phenomenon 自然现象natural radiation 自然辐射natural radioactivity 自然放射性natural rubber 天然橡胶natural smoke control 自然控烟natural smoke extraction 自然排烟natural ventilation 自然通气natural water source 天然水源nature of occupant 占用人性质nature reserve 自然保护区nautical mile 海里nautical 航海的naval safety center 海军安全中心nbbpvi = national board of boiler and pressure vessel inspectors 国家锅炉与压力容器检验委员会nbcc = national bituminous coal commission 全国烟煤委员会nbs = national bureau of standards 国家标准nbs center for fire research 国家标准局消防研究中心nbs test method 国家标准局测试方法nc = normally closed 常关的ncepc = national committee on environmental planning and coordination 国家环境规划和协调委员会ncfp= national committee on radiation protection 全国辐射防护委员会ncsbcs = national conference of states on building codes and standards 全国建筑法规和标准协商会near -zero visibility 可风度接近零near accident 没造成损失的事故neargale 疾风neckband 颈带needle valve 针阀needless alarm 不必要的报警negative acceleration 负加速度negative catalyst 缓化剂negative feedback 负反馈negative pressure ventilation 负压通风negative pressure 负压negatron 负电子negligence 过失negligent act 疏忽行为neon lamp 霓虹灯neoprene covered hose 外涂氯丁橡胶水带neoprene 氯丁橡胶neper 奈培<衰减单位neptune trident protectus meter 内丘恩三叉保护水表nerex explosive 涅瑞克斯炸药nervous system 神经系统nesat = numerical estimation of sprinkler actuation time 印度中央建筑研究所编制的一种计算喷水启动时间的程序nessler's reagent 奈斯勒试剂nest outburst 矿穴气喷出nested ladders 套叠消防梯nesting of ladder 消防梯的套叠net discharge pressure 净出水压力net fire effect 火灾最后终结<一场火灾的所有结果net floor area 地板净面积net positive suction head 净正吸入压头net pump pressure 净泵压net storage 净贮藏面积net tonnage 净吨net weight 净重net width 净宽net 救生网netc = national emergency training center 国家紧急训练中心network analysis method 网络分析法network circuit 网路;多分支电路network model 网络模型network system 网状制network theory 网络理论network user 网络用户network 网networking 连网neural fuzzy theory 中性模糊理论neutral bus 中性母线neutral combustion 定压燃烧neutral conductor 中线neutral earthing 中点接地neutral plane height 中性面高度neutral plane 中性面neutral pressure plane 中和压力面neutralization 中和neutralizer 中和器neutralizing coil 中和线圈new construction vs retrofit 新建与改型new jersey metro fire photographers association 新泽西州大都市消防摄影员协会new jersey state firemen's mutual benevolent association 新泽西州消防员共享福利会new york city building code classification 纽约市建筑规范分类法new york city fire college 纽约市消防学院newel 中柱newton unit 牛顿单位newton 牛顿<米千克秒制中力的单位newton's law of cooling 牛顿冷却定律newton's laws of motion 牛顿运动定律newtonian fluid 牛顿流体nf = norme francaise 法国标准nfa = national fire academy 国家消防nfc = national fire codes 美国消防规范nfds = national fire data system 全国火灾数据系统nfea = national federated electrical association 全国联合电气协会nffn= national fuel funds network 国家燃料基金网络nfirs = national fire incident reporting system 全国火灾事件报告系统nflds = national fire loss data system 全国火灾损失数据系统nfpa 80a 美国消防协会推荐的一套计算建筑火灾问题安全的专家程序nfpa = national fire protection association 美国消防协会nfpa boating standards 美国消防协会小艇驾驶标准nfpa fire incident data organization system 美国消防协会数据组织系统nfpa marine standards 美国消防协会商船标准nfpa-requirements of recommendations 美国消防协会的规定或建议nfpca = national fire prevention and control administration 国家消防火管理署nfrc = national forest reservation commission 国家森林保护委员会nfrs = national fire references 全国火灾参考nfsa = national fire services association 全国消防组织联合会nhtsa = national highway traffic safety administration 国家公路交通安全管理局night blindness 夜盲night hitch 战备式战斗服night shift 夜班night vision goggles 夜视镜night vision 夜视力night watch 值夜班night watchman 夜间值班的警卫人员nightclub 夜总会niims = national interagency incident management system 全国多机构不测事件管理体系nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云niosh = national institute for occupational safety and health 全国职业安全与保健学会nist = national institute of science and technology 美国科学和技术研究院niter 硝石nitor-glycerine-ammonium-nitrate powder 硝甘硝铵炸药nitrate explosive 硝酸盐炸药nitrate 硝酸盐nitric acid 硝酸nitrite rubber 腈橡胶nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitro carbo nitrate 硝基碳酸复合物nitroaniline 硝酸苯胺nitrocarbonitrate 硝基碳硝酸盐炸药nitrocellulose coating 硝酸纤维涂层nitrocellulose 硝化纤维素nitrochlorobenzene 硝基氯苯nitrocotton 硝化棉nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitrogen extinguishing installation 氮灭火设施nitrogen family explosive 氮族炸药nitrogen oxide 一氧化二氮nitrogen 氮nitrogenous atmosphere 氮保护气氛nitroglycerine dynamite 硝甘炸药nitroglycerine explosive 硝甘炸药nitroglycerine gelatin 硝甘炸药nitroglycerine high explosive 硝化甘油基炸药nitroglycerine low-density powder 硝化甘油低密度炸药nitroglycerine powder 硝甘炸药粉状硝化甘油炸药nitroglycerine safety explosive 硝化安全炸药nitroglycerine semi-gelationous explosive 硝化甘油半胶质炸药nitroglycerine 硝化甘油nitroglycerine-based explosive 硝化甘油基炸药nitromethane 硝基甲烷nitrous fume 亚硝烟nitrous oxide 一氧化氮nmab = national materials advisory board 国家材料咨询局no = normally open 常开的no fire emergency 非火灾紧急情况no flow 不出水no open flames 禁止明火no smoking 禁止抽烟no-fines concrete 无细粒混凝土noaa = national oceanic and atmospheric administration 国家海洋和大气局noaa weather station 国家海洋和大气局气象站noble gas 稀有气体noble metal 贵重金属nocuous 有害的node 节noded spheroid 多弧水滴形油罐nogging 木架砖壁noise cancelling circuit 噪声消除电路noise cancelling 抗噪noise control 噪声控制noise interference 噪声干扰noise level 噪声级noise margin 噪声极限noise pollution control 噪声污染控制noise pollution 噪声污染noise signal 噪声信号noise type 噪声类型noise 噪声nomenclature 术语nomex aramid 诺梅克斯芳族聚酰胺nomex flight suit 诺梅克斯防火飞行服nomex 诺梅克斯<一种芳族聚酰胺纤维的商品名nominal diameter 标称直径nominal flux density 标称喷雾密度nominal size pipe 标称管子nominal threshold value 标称阀值nomograph 列线图解non combustibility = non-combustibility 不燃性<在规定的试验条件下non combustibility test for material 材料不燃性试验non detachable type fire detector 不可拆式火灾探测器non-adaptive behavior 不适应的行为non-addressable fire alarm device 非寻址火灾报警装置non-aspirating nozzle 非吸气式喷嘴non-bulk packaging 非散化包装non-combustibility test 不燃性试验non-combustible shaft 不燃竖井non-compatible material 不相容的材料non-destructive examination 非破坏性检查non-detachable detector 不可拆卸控探测器non-emergency activity 非紧急活动non-fire floor 非火灾层non-fire resistive material 非耐火材料non-fire retarded product 非阻燃产品non-fireproof construction 非防火建筑non-flame conveyor belt 防燃运输带non-flame film 安全胶片non-flame property 抗燃性non-flame retardant material 无焰阻燃材料non-flaming combustion 无火焰燃烧non-flammable roof covering 不易燃的屋面覆盖层non-freezing dynamite 不冻黄色硝化甘油non-hazardous 无危险的non-ignibility 不着火性non-ignitable 不着火的non-incentive 非诱发火灾设备<在正常状况下不会释入足够的能量non-inflammable insulator 不燃绝缘体non-life threatening exposure limit 无生命威胁暴露极限non-maintained emergency lighting 非常开应急照明装置non-metallic refractory 非金属耐火材料non-newtonian 非牛顿non-nitro-glycering powder 非硝甘炸药non-nitroglycerine explosive 非硝甘炸药non-operating personnel 非战斗人员non-percolating hose 非渗透水带non-permissible explosive 非安全〔特许non-permitted explosive 非安全〔特许non-piped water supply 非管道供水non-polar 非极性的non-pressure car 不加压电梯non-resettable detector 不可复位探测器non-residential structure 非居住建筑non-self-supporting ladder 不能自立的梯子non-sheathed explosive 无被筒炸药non-sparkability 无火花性non-sprinklered 无洒水喷头的non-traditional house 非传统房屋non-volatile matter 不挥发性物质nonabsorbent material 不吸水材料nonadiabatic 非绝热的nonaerated flame 无空气火焰nonair-aspirating standard fog nozzle 非空气吸入式标准喷雾管枪nonaqueous solvent 非水溶剂nonautomatic nozzle 非自动喷头nonbearing wall 非承重墙nonburning epoxy gel coating 不燃环凝胶涂层nonburning 不燃的noncoded signal 非编码信息noncombustible = non-combustible 不燃的noncombustible construction 不燃建筑noncombustible material 不燃材料noncombustible textile 不燃织物noncombustibles 不可燃物noncommercial forest land 非商业性林地noncompulsory tour supervisory system 非强制巡视监督体系nonconductor 非导体noncorrosive 不锈的nondanger area 非危险区nondegree course 无学位课程nondestructive testing = non-destructive testing 非破坏性试验nonelectric delay blasting cap 不用电的定时起爆筒nonexplosive agent 无焰药包nonexplosive 不爆炸的nonfire crash 无火灾事故nonfireproof 不耐火的nonfirestopped 不阻火的nonflam 不燃性的nonflame fluid 抗燃性液体nonflame 非火焰nonflaming degradation 不燃降解nonflammability 不易燃性nonflammable adhesive 非易燃粘合剂nonflammable film 非易燃胶片nonflammable gas 不易燃气体nonflammable material 不易燃材料nonflammable paint = non-flammable paint 耐火漆nonflammable 不易燃的nonfreezing mixture 不冻混合物;不冻剂nonfreezing weather 非结冰气候nonhazardous area 非危险场所nonhygroscopic 不吸潮nonhypergolic mixture 非自燃混合物nonhypergolic 非自燃燃料nonindicating gate valve 无刻度闸阀nonindicating valve 无刻度阀noninductive circuit 无电感电路noninflammable 非易燃的noninitiating high explosive 次高级炸药noninjury accident 没造成伤害的事故nonknocking condition 正常燃烧条件nonload bearing element 非承重构件nonload-bearing wall 非承重墙nonmetal 非金属nonmetallic pipe 非金属管nonperishable items 不易腐蚀的物品nonpiloted ignition 非引导点火nonpolar compound 非极性化合物nonpolar explosive 易冻炸药nonpolar solvent 非极性溶剂nonpotable water 非饮用水nonpressure tank car 非增压油槽车nonrated wall 非耐火等极墙nonresettalle fire detector 不可复位火灾探测器nonrestorable detector 不可复位探测器nonreturn valve 单向阀nonrising-stem valve 不升杆式阀nonsparking 不会打出火花nonsprinklered space 无洒水喷头的空间nonstandard 不标准nonstatistical fire 不列入统计的火灾nontoxic 无毒的nonventilated 不通风的nonvesicant 非起泡剂nonwater-based fire protection system 非水基消防系统<指泡沫二氧化碳nonwater-media heat transfer 非水介质热传递nonwoven fabric 不织布;无纺织物norm 典型normal atmosphere 标准大气压normal distribution 正态分布normal fire season 正常火险季节normal operating pressure 正常工作压力normal power source 正常电源normal salt 中式盐normal solution 当量溶液normal temperature and pressure 常温常压normal 正常normal-pressure fog extinction 常压喷雾灭火northern forestry centre of the canadian forest service 加拿大林业部北方林业中心norwegian building research institute 挪威建筑研究所norwegian laboratory of fire research 挪威消防研究实验所nose 突出部nosing 突圆nosmoking area 禁烟区notification appliance circuit 通知设备电路notification 通报notify 通知noxious gas 秽气nozzle aspirating system 泡沫枪吸气系统nozzle barrel 管枪筒nozzle cap 出水口帽盖nozzle discharge 水枪喷射量nozzle educator foam proportioner 喷嘴喷射泡沫比例混合器nozzle flame 喷管火焰nozzle foam maker 空气泡沫枪nozzle method of measuring flow 喷嘴测定流量法nozzle outlet 消火栓出水口nozzle personnel 水枪手nozzle pressure 喷嘴压力nozzle reaction 水枪反冲nozzle spanner 喷嘴扳手nozzle tip 喷嘴nozzle velocity of jet stream 射流的枪口流速nozzle 水枪nozzle-aspirated system 空气泡沫装置nozzleman 水枪手nrc = national research council 全国科学研究委员会nrc = national response center 全国响应中心nrc = nuclear regulatory commission 核管理委员会nsc = national safety council 国家安全委员会nsf = national strike force 全国突击部队nsms = national safety management society 国家安全管理学会nspe = national society of professional engineers 全国职业工程师学会nssn = national standards systems network 国家标准系统网络ntp = normal temperature and pressure 正常温度和压力ntsb = national transportation safety board 全国运输安全委员会nu-number 努谢尔数nuclear battery 核电池nuclear bombardment 核轰击nuclear energy 核能nuclear excursion 反应堆工作状况偏差nuclear explosion 核爆炸nuclear explosive 核炸药nuclear facility 核设施nuclear fission 核分裂nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear fusion 核并合;核聚变nuclear heat energy 原子核热能nuclear magnetron 核磁子nuclear physics 原子核物理学nuclear power plant 原子能发电厂nuclear reaction 核反应nuclear reactor 核反应堆nuclear weapon 核武器nucleon 核子nucleonics 核子学nucleus of flame 火焰核心nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素nuisance dust 尘土nuisance 公害number system 数字系统numerical control system 数字控制系统numerical data 数据nurse tanker 供水车nurse 护士nursery 托儿所nursing home 私人医院nusselt number 努塞尔数nut 螺母nvfc =national volunteer fire council 全国志愿者消防联合会nwcg = national wildfire coordinating groupnwst program = national wildfire suppression technology program 国家野外火灾扑救规划nylon 聚酰胺纤维nzfs = new zealand forest service 新西兰森林服务处o =oxygen 氧o-ring o形圈o.s&y.gate valve 外螺纹与轭闸阀o.s.y .value = outside screw and yoke valve 外螺轭阀oakum 麻絮oat = outside air temperature 外部气温objective 目标obligated storage 专用堆放区obscuration coefficient 减光系数obscuration detector 减光火灾探测器obscuration 朦胧obscuration-type photoelectric smoke detector 减光型光电感烟探测器observation port 观察孔observation time 观察时间observation tower 了望塔observation window 观察窗observatory 了望台obsolescence 陈旧obsolete fire extinguisher 报废的灭火器obsolete 报废的obstructed construction 有障碍结构<指建筑物的梁obstruction to distribution 影响灭火剂应用的障碍物obstruction to vision 视程障碍occluded gas 吸流气体occluded heat content 附吸瓦斯容量occluded methane content 吸留沼气量occluded methane 吸留沼气occlusion 吸留occulting light 明灭相间灯occupance 占有人occupancy characteristic 用房特点occupancy classification 用房分类occupancy fire load 占用火灾负荷occupancy of high fire load 高火灾负荷用房occupancy of low fire load 低火灾负荷用房occupancy of moderate fire load 中火灾负荷用房occupancy permit 占用许可证occupancy rate 占用率occupancy (建筑物occupant capacity 容许居住人数occupant content 占用人数occupant density 居住密度occupant load 居住荷载occupant management 占用人管理occupant protection 占用人保护occupant response model 占用人响应模型occupant 占用(人occupation 占用occupational accident 职业事故occupational disease 职业病occupational illness 职业病occupational injury 工伤occupational safety 职业安全occupied room 能占用的房间occupied story 可占用楼层occupier 占用人occurrence index 火灾发生率occurrence of spark 火花的产生occurrence 事故ocd =office of civil defense 民防署octane number 辛烷值octane rating 辛烷值octane 辛烷octave band analyzer 倍频带分析仪octet 电子八隅体octode 八极管od =outside diameter 外径odm =outside diameter of male thread 阳螺纹外径odometer 里程计odor 气味odorant 添味剂odp =ozone depletion potential 臭氧消耗潜势oersted 奥斯特<磁场强度单位off duty 不在值勤的off gas 废气off position 断路位置off premises annunciating alarm 出区报警<除向本部门报警外off shift 下班off the air 停播off the job safe 非工作时的安全off-contact 开路触点off-gas pump 除气泵off-line operation 脱机操作off-line retrieval 脱机检索off-port flame 喷口外的火焰off-road terrain 越野地带off-road 在道路之外的off-shore oil rig 近海石油平台off-site watch-service 不在场值班off-the-job safety 场〔工地offhand 随便连在一起的office area 办公区office block 办公大楼office building 办公大楼office occupancy 办公用房office of hazardous material transportation 危险品运输办公室officer in charge 火场指挥员officer training 消防官训练officer 消防官员official action guide 消防工作条例official 法定的official's inspection lamp 行政管理人员检查用灯ohio fire chiefs association 俄亥俄消防长官协会ohio state university heat release rate apparatus 俄亥俄州立大学热释放率测试仪ohm 欧姆ohm's law 欧姆定律ohmtads =oil and hazardous materials technical assistance data system 油类及危险物品技术援助数据系统oil & chemical removal system 油和化学品的清除装置oil absorbent blanket 吸油层<亲油疏水的物质oil bath 油浴oil burner 火油炉oil burning system 燃油燃烧系统oil circuit breaker 油断路器oil cloth 油布oil fence 水上拦油栅oil filled 油浸的oil fire 油类火灾oil firing 烧油的oil flame 油焰oil fuel 燃料油oil furnace 油炉oil immersed power transformer 油浸电力变压器oil insulated 油绝缘oil leakage 油漏oil level indicator 油位计oil level 油位oil of vitriol 硫酸oil pit 滤油防火装置oil platform 石油平台oil pudding 油的集聚oil quenching 油急冷oil refinery 炼油厂oil safety lamp 挥发油安全灯oil seal 油封oil shale 油页岩oil spill aspirator 溢出油吸收器oil storage yard 储油物oil stove 油炉oil supply line 供油管线oil switch 油开关oil system 液压系统oil tank 油槽车oil tanker 油船oil vapor 油蒸汽oil well 油井oil 油oil-filled electric transformer 油浸变压器oil-fired boiler 燃油锅炉oil-fired heating burner 供暖油燃烧器oil-fired system 燃油系统oil-fired 燃油的oiled rag 浸油碎布oilless circuit breaker 无油断路器oily waste 含油废物oklahoma state university 俄克拉荷马州立大学old-style sprinkler 老式洒水喷头older adult 老人olefin 烯烃oleophobic 疏油的olfaction 嗅omnisensor 全面探测器<结合感温on alarm 报警状态on call fireman 兼职消防队员on fire 着火on line retrieval of bibliographic information time-shared 文献情报分时联机检索系统on the air 正在电信联络on the line 战斗准备状态on the track 战斗准备状态on-board fire 飞机〔船on-call fire fighter 兼职消防战斗员on-line retrieval 联机检索on-off system 断续控制系统on-off 开关的on-pad fire 发射坪上着火on-port flame 喷口的火焰on-scene firefighter 火场消防战斗员on-scene investigation 现场调查on-scene 现场on-site generated power 现场发电on-site guard station 在现场看管的警卫室on-site hydrant 现场消火栓on-site 在现场的on-the-job training 在职训练on-the-ramp accident 停机坪事故one and one 火灾one way street 单行线one-and two-family dwelling 独户和双户住宅one-brick wall 单砖墙one-hour timelag fuel 1小时时间间隔的可燃物<包括枯死的草木植物和直径小于6毫米的园木one-hundred hour timelag fuel 1~100小时时间间隔的可燃物<直径2.5~7.5厘米的圆木可燃物one-lick method 渐进式建立火灾控制线法one-line fire 小火one-piece firefighting suit 连衣裤消防战斗服one-thousand hour timelag fuel 1~1000小时时间间隔的可燃物<直径7.5~20厘米的圆木死可燃物one-way sign 单向通行标志onoff sprinkler system 开闭式喷水灭火系统onoff sprinkler 开闭式洒水喷头onset of burning 燃烧开始onset of flashover 轰燃的开始op = observation post 观察所opacity of smoke 烟的阻光度open lamp 明火灯open air 露天的open array 宽距堆货行列<堆货行列之间的竖向通气道大于6英寸open burning 露天烧除open circuit breathing apparatus 开路呼吸器open circuit fire alarm system 开路火灾报警系统open circuit tv 开路电视open circuit 断路open cup flash point = open cup flash-point 开杯闪点open cup flash point tester 开杯闪点试验open drencher head 开式水带喷头open escape route 敞开式疏散通道open fire =outside fire 明火open flame 无遮盖火焰open flames prohibited 严禁明火open flash point 开杯闪点open fuel break 防火生土带open hose line 不出水水带open industrial structure 敞开式工业建筑open learning fire service program 开放型消防服务学习大纲open plan school 简易校舍open ramp 敞开坡道open riser stairs 露明踏步楼梯open riser 楼空踏步open road 公路open roof 人字坡open sprinkler head 开式洒水喷头open sprinkler system 开式喷水灭火系统open sprinkler 开式洒水喷头open stairway 敞开楼梯open storage 露天堆栈open structure 露明结构open system 敞开系统open top floating roof tank 无固定顶的浮顶罐open up line 打开水枪射水open up 通风open water supply 天然水源open water 露天水源open well 露明梯井open wiring 明线open-head system 开式喷水灭火系统open-light lamp 明火灯open-loop system 开路控制系统open-shelf storage 开架贮存open-stored water system 开式供水系统open-timbered roof 露明木屋顶open-well stair 露明梯井楼梯opencast explosive 露天矿用炸药opencast gelignite 露天矿用葛里炸药opening protection 洞口保护opening 洞口operate from the tank 用消防车载的水灭火operating board 操纵台operating center 操作中心operating characteristic 运行特性operating circuit 工作电路operating condition 运行条件operating console 控制台operating crew 工作班人员operating device 操作装置operating discipline 工作纪律operating head 工作压头operating instruction 操作规程operating level 灭火作战层次operating lever 操作杆operating life 使用寿命operating limit 工作极限operating log 工作记录operating mode 工况operating pressure 工作压力operating range 工作范围operating signal current 工作信号电流operating stem 操作杆operating suction lift 吸水高度operating system 操作系统operating temperature 操作温度operating time 操作时间operation center 现场指挥中心operation floor 战斗层operation plan 灭火作战计划operation section chief 灭火作战部长官operation time = response time 响应时间operation 灭火战斗operational commander 灭火作战指挥员operational control 灭火战斗控制operational force 灭火作战部队operational order 灭火战斗命令operational period 作业期operational retardant effectiveness 可控制的阻燃效果operational tactics 灭火战术operational unit 灭火消防车operations branch director 灭火作业分区指挥operator annunciator station 操作指示台operator 调度员optical density of smoke 烟的密度<烟的阻光度的量度optical density 光密度optical detector of fire smoke 光电感烟探测器optical equipment 光电设备optical laser 激光器optical path 光程optical pyrometer 光测高温计optical smoke detector 光电感烟探测器<对能影响红外optical source 光源optics 光学optimum orientation of air flow 气流的最佳取向optometry 视力测定法oral communication skill 口述通信技能oral 口述的orange heat 橙红热orbit =on line retrieval of bibliographic information time -shared 文献情报分时联机检索系统order 柱型ordinary combustible 普通可燃物ordinary construction 普通结构ordinary dry chemical fire extinguisher 普通干粉灭火器ordinary firefighting gear 普通消防装备ordinary hazard content 普通火险屋内物品ordinary hazard occupancy 普通火险用房ordinary hazard 普通火险ordinary-hazard occupancy class 普通火险用房等级orf = owner's risk of fire 火险由货主负责organic compound 有机化合物organic glass 有机玻璃organic heat transfer fluid 有机传热液体organic material 有机材料organic peroxide 有机过氧化物organic sulfur compound 有机硫磺化合物organic transfer fluid 有机传热液体organic 有机的organization of forest-protection 森林保护机关organization 组织organophosphorus compound 有机磷化合物oriel window 凸肚窗oriented strand board 波纹状硬纸板orifice flow meter 孔板流量计orifice meter 孔板流量计orifice plate 孔板orifice size 喷嘴直径orifice 孔origin of fire 起火点ornamental sprinkler system 装饰喷水灭火系统ornamental sprinkler 装饰洒水喷头ornamental 装饰性orp = operational retardant effectiveness 可控制的阻燃效果orphanage 孤儿院orsat apparatus 奥氏气体分析器orthodox explosive 普通炸药orthographic projection 正投影orthophoto map 正投影地图os = open sprinkler 开式洒水喷头oscillating foam monitor 摆动式泡沫炮oscillating monitor 摆动式消防炮oscillating 摆动的oscillation 摆动oscillometer 摆动仪osha = occupational safety and health administration 职业安全和健康署osha = occupational safety and health legistation 职业安全和健康法规osmosis 渗透osmotic pressure 渗透压osu = ohio state university compartment fire mode 俄亥俄州立大学分隔间火灾模型ota =u.s.office of technology assessment 美国技术评估局other structures 其他建筑物和构筑物<美国消防协会长远规划划分的美国活动环境之一out of control 失去控制out of service resource 非勤务物资out of service 不处于战斗准备状态的out on arrival 在消防车到达之前已被扑灭的火灾out shell 外层out-flow of methane 瓦斯涌出outage state 停机状态outbreak of fire 起火outbreak 爆燃outburst 崩出outdoor air 室外空气outdoor assembly 户外集会outdoor electrical equipment 户外电气设备outdoor environment 户外环境outdoor fire hydrant 室外消火栓outdoor lighting 室外照明outdoor 野外环境<美国消防协会长远规划划分的活动环境之一outer bottom 外底outer perimeter 外周长outer protection 外部保护outer shell 外层outer 外线outfall 排泄口outgassing 除气outgate 出口outgoing air 排出的空气outlet box 出线盒outlet coupling 出水口接口outlet end 出口端outlet nozzle 出口喷嘴outlet valve 出水口阀门outlet 出水口outline lighting 轮廓照明output module 输出模块<接收火灾报警控制器的信号output signal 输出信号output voltage 输出电压output 输出outreach 超出极限伸距outrigger jack 支腿千斤顶outrigger 支腿outside aid 外来支援outside air temperature 外部气温outside diameter 外径outside fire attack 外攻outside fire escape 室外消防梯outside fire fighting 外围灭火战斗outside fire 室外火灾<发生在室外outside hydrant 室外消火栓outside ladder width 梯子的外宽outside screw and yoke gate valve 外螺轭式闸阀outside screw and yoke valve 外螺旋轭阀outside sprinkler system 屋外喷水灭火系统outside sprinkler 屋外洒水喷头outside stair 室外楼梯outside standpipe 屋外立管outside-tank smoke extinguishing system 罐外式烟雾灭火系统oven gas 焦炉煤气oven tunnel test 烘炉隧道试验oven wall 炉墙over door 门头饰板over the air 用无线电overall building risk rating 综合的建筑危险等级overall command 总指挥overall safety 完全安全overbreathing 换气过度overcast air-bridge 上风桥overcome (因处于火场overcurrent device 过载器件overcurrent protection 过电流保护overcurrent protective device 过电流保护装置overfire 烧毁overfiring 烧损overflow pipe 溢流管overhand stopping 上向梯段回采overhanging load 前伸装载overhaul operation 清理火场overhaul 清理火场overhauling 清理火场overhead cable 架空电缆overhead conductor 架空线overhead line 架空线路overhead personnel 领导overhead rolling fire door 上卷式防火门overhead wire 架空电线overheaded passageway 高架式通道overheat 过热overheating 过热overkill fire 扑灭火overland accident 陆上事故overload protection 过荷载保护overload test 过负荷试验overload 过载overpressure relief device = over-pressure relief device 超压释放装置overpressure 过压override action 超驰控制操作override 超驰oversailing 连续突腰层overshot wheel 上射水轮overstory 簇叶冠盖overtemperature 超温overwater accident 水上事故overwintering fire 越冬火灾owner 业主oxidant concentration reduction 降低氧化物浓度oxidant 氧化剂oxidation heat 氧化热oxidation number 氧化值oxidation rate 氧化速率oxidation reaction 氧化反应oxidation 氧化oxidation-resistant refractory 抗氧化耐火材料oxidative pyrolysis 氧化热解oxide 氧化物oxidizer 助燃物oxidizer-rich combustion 富氧化剂燃烧oxidizing agent 氧化剂oxidizing chemical 氧化化学品oxidizing combustible 富氧燃料oxidizing fire 氧化火oxidizing flame 氧化焰oxidizing gas 氧化气体oxidizing material 氧化材料oxidizing 氧化oxy-acetylene burner 氧乙炔喷燃器oxy-fuel gas welding 氧燃料气焊接oxy-fuel gas processoxygen balance 氧平衡oxygen concentration 氧浓度oxygen content 氧含量oxygen cutting 氧气切割oxygen cylinder 氧气瓶oxygen deficiency 缺氧oxygen deficient atmosphere 含氧不足的空气<在海平面上oxygen delivery equipment 输氧设备oxygen depletion method 氧气消耗法oxygen explosive 液氧炸药oxygen hood 输氧面罩oxygen index value 氧气指数oxygen index 氧指数oxygen indicator 氧气指示器oxygen mask 氧气面具oxygen starvation 氧气匮乏oxygen system 氧气系统oxygen tent 氧气帐oxygen 氧oxygen-containing material 含氧物质oxygen-deficient explosive 缺氧炸药oxygen-enriched atmosphere 富氧气氛oxygen-negative explosive 负氧炸药oxyhaemoglobin 氧络血红蛋白oxyhydrogen gas 氢氧气ozone depleting substance 消耗臭氧的物质ozone depletion potential 臭氧消耗潜势ozone layer 臭氧层ozone 臭氧ozone-depleting suppressant 消耗臭氧的灭火剂ozonosphere 臭氧层。

NFPA 10 NFPA 11 NFPA 11A NFPA 11C NFPA 12 NFPA 12A NFPA 13 NFPA 13D NFPA 13E NFPA 13R NFPA 14 NFPA 15 NFPA 16 NFPA 17 NFPA 17A NFPA 18 NFPA 18A NFPA 20 NFPA 22 NFPA 24 NFPA 25 NFPA 30 NFPA 30A NFPA 30B NFPA 31 NFPA 32 NFPA 33 NFPA 34 NFPA 35 NFPA 36 NFPA 37 NFPA 40 NFPA 42 NFPA 45 NFPA 46 NFPA 50 NFPA 50A NFPA 50B NFPA 51 NFPA 51A NFPA 51B NFPA 52 NFPA 53 NFPA 54 NFPA 55 NFPA 57 NFPA 58 NFPA 59 NFPA 59A NFPA 61NFPA 70B NFPA 70E NFPA 72 NFPA 73 NFPA 75 NFPA 76 NFPA 77 NFPA 79 NFPA 80 NFPA 80A NFPA 82 NFPA 85 NFPA 86 NFPA 86C NFPA 86D NFPA 87 NFPA 88A NFPA 88B NFPA 90A NFPA 90B NFPA 91 NFPA 92 NFPA 92A NFPA 92B NFPA 96 NFPA 97 NFPA 99 NFPA 99B NFPA 101 NFPA 101A NFPA 101B NFPA 102 NFPA 105 NFPA 110 NFPA 111 NFPA 115 NFPA 120 NFPA 121 NFPA 122 NFPA 123 NFPA 130 NFPA 140 NFPA 150 NFPA 160 NFPA 170 NFPA 203 NFPA 204 NFPA 211 NFPA 214 NFPA 220NFPA 231C NFPA 231D NFPA 231E NFPA 231F NFPA 232 NFPA 232A NFPA 241 NFPA 251 NFPA 252 NFPA 253 NFPA 255 NFPA 256 NFPA 257 NFPA 258 NFPA 259 NFPA 260 NFPA 261 NFPA 262 NFPA 265 NFPA 266 NFPA 267 NFPA 268 NFPA 269 NFPA 270 NFPA 271 NFPA 272 NFPA 274 NFPA 275 NFPA 276 NFPA 285 NFPA 286 NFPA 287 NFPA 288 NFPA 289 NFPA 290 NFPA 291 NFPA 295 NFPA 297 NFPA 298 NFPA 299 NFPA 301 NFPA 302 NFPA 303 NFPA 306 NFPA 307 NFPA 312 NFPA 318 NFPA 326 NFPA 328NFPA 402 NFPA 403 NFPA 405 NFPA 407 NFPA 408 NFPA 409 NFPA 410 NFPA 412 NFPA 414 NFPA 415 NFPA 418 NFPA 422 NFPA 423 NFPA 424 NFPA 430 NFPA 432 NFPA 434 NFPA 450 NFPA 471 NFPA 472 NFPA 473 NFPA 480 NFPA 481 NFPA 482 NFPA 484 NFPA 485 NFPA 490 NFPA 495 NFPA 496 NFPA 497 NFPA 498 NFPA 499 NFPA 501 NFPA 501A NFPA 502 NFPA 505 NFPA 513 NFPA 520 NFPA 550 NFPA 551 NFPA 555 NFPA 556 NFPA 557 NFPA 560 NFPA 600 NFPA 601 NFPA 610 NFPA 650 NFPA 651NFPA 704 NFPA 705 NFPA 720 NFPA 730 NFPA 731 NFPA 750 NFPA 780 NFPA 790 NFPA 791 NFPA 801 NFPA 803 NFPA 804 NFPA 805 NFPA 806 NFPA 820 NFPA 850 NFPA 851 NFPA 853 NFPA 900 NFPA 901 NFPA 902 NFPA 903 NFPA 904 NFPA 906 NFPA 909 NFPA 914 NFPA 921 NFPA 1000 NFPA 1001 NFPA 1002 NFPA 1003 NFPA 1005 NFPA 1006 NFPA 1021 NFPA 1026 NFPA 1031 NFPA 1033 NFPA 1035 NFPA 1037 NFPA 1041 NFPA 1051 NFPA 1061 NFPA 1071 NFPA 1081 NFPA 1122 NFPA 1123 NFPA 1124 NFPA 1125 NFPA 1126 NFPA 1127NFPA 1145 NFPA 1150 NFPA 1192 NFPA 1194 NFPA 1201 NFPA 1221 NFPA 1231 NFPA 1250 NFPA 1401 NFPA 1402 NFPA 1403 NFPA 1404 NFPA 1405 NFPA 1407 NFPA 1410 NFPA 1451 NFPA 1452 NFPA 1500 NFPA 1521 NFPA 1561 NFPA 1581 NFPA 1582 NFPA 1583 NFPA 1584 NFPA 1600 NFPA 1620 NFPA 1670 NFPA 1710 NFPA 1720 NFPA 1801 NFPA 1851 NFPA 1852 NFPA 1901 NFPA 1906 NFPA 1911 NFPA 1912 NFPA 1914 NFPA 1915 NFPA 1925 NFPA 1931 NFPA 1932 NFPA 1936 NFPA 1951 NFPA 1952 NFPA 1961 NFPA 1962 NFPA 1963 NFPA 1964 NFPA 1965NFPA 1981 NFPA 1982 NFPA 1983 NFPA 1984 NFPA 1989 NFPA 1991 NFPA 1992 NFPA 1994 NFPA 1999 NFPA 2001 NFPA 2010 NFPA 2112 NFPA 2113 NFPA 5000 NFPA 8501 NFPA 8502 NFPA 8503 NFPA 8504 NFPA 8505 NFPA 8506Fire CodeHydrogen Technologies CodeRecommended Practice on Commissioning and Integrated Testing of Fire 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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)Chemical Hazard Identification SystemThis system is based on the NFPA 704M Hazard Identification system which utilizes a four color diamond label and 0-4 numerical hazard rating. The Diamond has an area for health hazards (blue) and area for flammability hazards (red), an area for reactivity hazards (yellow), and an area for special hazard notations.Health - Numerical Rating:0 - Minimal hazard Median Lethal Dose (LD50)• Rat, oral >2,000 mg/kg, or• Rabbit, skin >2,000 mg/kg, or• Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor >10,000ppm, ormist, fume, or dust >200,000 mg/m3for one hour.1 - Slightly hazardous;Mild Irritant Median Lethal Dose (LD50)• Rat, oral >500 mg/kg, but <2,000 mg/kg, or • Rabbit, skin >1,000 mg/kg, but <2,000 mg/kg, or• Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor >5,000 ppm, but<10,000 ppm, or mist, fume, or dust >10,000 mg/m3,but <200,000 mg/m3 for one hour.2 - Mild Toxic, orStrong Irritant Median Lethal Dose (LD50)• Rat, oral >50 mg/kg, but <500 mg/kg, or • Rabbit, skin >200 mg/kg, but <1,000 mg/kg, or • Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor >3,000 ppm, but<5,000 ppm, or mist, fume, or dust >2,000 mg/m3, but <10,000 mg/m3 for one hour.3 - Highly Toxic; orCancer Causing; or Median Lethal Dose (LD50)• Rat, oral >5 mg/kg, but <50 mg/kg, orChronic Toxicity; or Corrosive • Rabbit, skin >50 mg/kg, but <200 mg/kg, or • Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor >1,000ppm, but<3,000 ppm, or mist, fume, or dust >500 mg/m 3,but <2,000 mg/m 3 for one hour.4 - Acutely Toxic. Deadly. Considered a "Poison". Median Lethal Dose (LD50)• Rat, oral <5 mg/kg, or• Rabbit, skin <50 mg/kg, or• Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor <1,000ppm, ormist, fume, or dust <500 mg/m 3 for one hour.Flammability - Numbering Guidelines:0 - No Flash Point1 - Flash Point >200 °F (>79.1 °C)2 - Flash Point = 100-200 °F (37.8-79.1 °C)3 - Flash Point = 73-100 °F (23-37.8 °C) or <73 °F, but Boiling Point >100 °F (37.8 °C)4 - Flash Point <73 °F (23 °C) and Boiling Point <100 °F (37.8 °C) Reactivity - Numbering Guidelines:0 - Minimal Hazard. Materials that are normally stable and are not waterreactive.1 - Slight Hazard. Materials, which can become unstable at elevatedtemperatures or which may react with water with the release of some energy, but not violently.2 - Moderate Hazard. Materials, which are normally unstable and readilyundergo violent chemical reaction, but which do not detonate. This includes materials, which react violently with water.3 - Serious Hazard. Materials which are of themselves detonable, butwhich require a strong initiating force or which must be heated under confinement or are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures or which react explosively with water.4 - Severe Hazard. Materials which in themselves can detonate at normaltemperature and pressure, including those which are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at normal temperature and pressure.Hazard Code Criteria:If the bottom square is blank, the kit or component contains materials with no special hazards.CA - Carcinogen. This kit contains a reagent which has more than 0.1% ofa chemical regarded as a potential or known carcinogen. A material is considered a "carcinogen" if it either causes cancer in humans,or, because it causes cancer in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans. A material is considered a carcinogen if:1. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) hasevaluated andfound it a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;2. The National Toxicology Program's (NTP) Annual Report onCarcinogens lists itas a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;3. OSHA regulates it as a carcinogen;4. One positive study has been published.CO - Corrosive. One or all of the reagents may be considered corrosive.A "corrosive" is a chemical that causes visible destruction of orirreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact, or which causes a severe corrosion rate in steel or aluminum.I - Irritant. One or all of the reagents contain a chemical, which maybe irritating to the eyes, skin, and/or upper respiratory tract. An "irritant" is a non-corrosive material that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact as a function of concentration or duration of exposure.A substance capable of causing a reversible or irreversibleinflammatory effect to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, or lungs. Ox - Oxidizer.The Department of Transportation (DOT) defines an oxidizer or oxidizing material as a substance that yields oxygen readily to cause or enhance the combustion (oxidation) of other materials. PB - Blood Product.One or all of the reagents has human blood, human blood components, or products made from human blood and should beconsidered a potential biohazard.T - Toxic.One or all of the reagents in the kit are toxic. Please refer to definitions of health hazard data for further explanation.S - Sensitizer. The kit contains a substance that on first exposure causes little or no reaction in humans or test animals, but upon repeated exposure may cause a marked response not necessarilylimited to the contact site. Skin sensitization is the most common form. Respiratory sensitization to a few chemicals also occurs. W - Water Reactive. This symbol normally has a straight line drawn horizontally through the middle. However, our database can not support this symbol and therefore, for Roche Diagnostics MSDSpurposes, the "W" represents a water reactive chemical. The kit contains a substance or mixture that reacts with water to release heat or a flammable, toxic gas, or to otherwise present a health hazard.。