2021版高考英语(外研版)一轮复习课后达标检测：选修6 3 Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friends

（外研版）2021版高考英语选修6一轮复习达标检测卷Module 6War and Peace(建议用时：45分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·成都高三第一次诊断)Young trees don’t just grow；they developa personality and learn more about their environment and how they shouldbest behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some areanxious, some bold. On the author’s land，there are three oak trees growingclose together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening？Well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible？Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!Why do trees do__such__a__thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。

高考题型·组合规范练11选修6 Module1阅读理解题组——练速度(35mins)Ⅰ.阅读理解AOne of the best things about London is that so many of its world-famous museums are free to the public.Visitors can enjoy some beautiful paintings,portraits and art pieces by famous artists from around the world there.Imperial War MuseumLocated in what was once a hospital,Imperial War Museum offers a fascinating look at war and its impact.With lots offilms,photos,videos and audio recordings included in the displays,visitors will come away with a greater insight into the tragedy(悲剧)of wars,as well as the impact they have on society.National Portrait GalleryHome to over 11,000 portraits,this delightful art gallery focuses on famous British people through theages.Portraits,photos,sculptures and drawings of some of the country’s most influential and well-known figures gaze upon you as you make your way through the gallery.While its most famous portrait is undoubtedly the one of William Shakespeare,more contemporary pieces do not look out of place alongside artworks that date back hundreds of years.Royal Air Force MuseumLocated in Hendon,Royal Air Force Museum has over one hundred and siust-see for aviation(航空)lovers.Documenting the history of aviation and aircraft in the United Kingdom,the museum has one of the biggest and best collections of military aircraft in the world.Tate BritainFounded by sugar businessman Sir Henry Tate,Tate Britain is a wonderful museum to visit,with lots of fantastic British artworks on show.Tate Britain’s masterpieces include works by William Blake and Francis Bacon.Wandering around the exhibitions and galleriesis a lovely way to spend the day.With the museum lying on the banks of the Thames,you can take a boat to get there.1.What can we know about Imperial War Museum?A.It houses Francis Bacon’s works.B.It mainly shows artists’ tragedies.C.It originally served as a hospital.D.It once stood on the Thames River.2.In which place can visitors see the picture of William Shakespeare?A.Imperial War Museum.B.Tate Britain.C.Royal Air Force Museum.D.National Portrait Gallery.3.What’s special about Tate Britain?A.It is accessible by boat.B.It focuses on famous people.C.It attracts many aircraft lovers.D.It was built by a businesswoman.BHow do you kill your time on your way to work?Most of us stare at our cell phones,and refuse to make eye contact with others.We just read,chat with others online or play games online.Or maybe we’re using the time between stops to do our make-up,catch up on emails,or read a few chapters of a book.However,Dina Alfasi takes a very different approach.Each day she has to travel hours on buses and trains to get to her engineering job at a hospital in Israel.Rather than look at her cell phone in silence,she uses one very special way to have connection with strangers.It is portraits of the people she meets on public transport every day that she is taking.The paintings catch those quiet and personal moments of people readying themselves for the day ahead.Some people lean their head against the window and go to sleep,some stare into space and have a daydream,and others sit quietly to read their documents or books.Each picture catchesone tiny moment in people’s lives,ripe with potential for your imagination.It is wonderful for her t o look at someone’s commute(上下班)and make up an entire story about the rest of their daily e the father travelling with a baby to the woman welcoming a change.“What inspires me very much are the little moments that happen every day,” Dina told MyModernMet.“My work is to tell stories through a single portrait,and it proves that all you need is just to look around and find those magic moments.”4.As for people’s behaviour on the way to work,what does Paragraph1 imply?A.Most of us like to catch early buses.B.Most of us need to go to work punctually.C.Most of us tend to concentrate on our mobile phones.D.Most of us feel frightened to make eye contact with others.5.What makes Dina different from others?A.Sitting quietly to read her books.B.Keeping chatting with others all the way.ing phones to take photos of every scene attracting her.D.Drawing people while travelling on buses and trains to work.6.What might be Dina Alfasi’s attitude towards watching people’s little moments?A.Sceptical.B.Enjoyable.C.Cautious.D.Tolerant.7.What is the main idea of the teoments make Dina special.B.A cell phone is used to take special portraits.C.Dina takes portraits of others when commuting.D.People go to work with different ways to kill time.CAfter two nights of staying in her apartment in Houston without power,Felicia Maten had no running water,her fingers and toes hurting from the cold.She huddled under blankets with her mother and daughter,together using their breath to warm themselves against f reezing temperatures that weren’t letting up.She drove around looking for a hotel.But she couldn’t find an available room,and the roads were dangerous.Finally,a neighbor suggested she go to Gallery Furniture.The owner,Jim “Mattress Mack” McIngvale,opened one of his local stores as a shelter for Texas residents displaced by the winter storms.During the three days the makeshift shelter was open,and thousands of people came in for food and warmth and hundreds slept over.“It meant so much to have somebody who doesn’t even know us care that much,” Maten said.“That man is full of love.”This isn’t the first time McIngvale has opened his doors to people in weather emergencies.He did so during Hurricanes Katrina in and Harvey in .McIngvale began preparing for the winter storm a week in advance by buying 15,000 gallons of diesel to power the store’s generator for a week or so.He took COVID-19 precautions by providing security hand sanitization(杀菌)and masks.McIngvale got the word out about the shelter through the business’ social media following and news coverage.He and hisemployees made specific accommodations for people,such as those with babies who need bottles warmed or senior citizens who need oxygen tanks plugged in.“He was serving food,handing out water,go ing around checking on people,” said Jacy Wadhams,another Texas resident living in the area for 15 years.“He really takes pride in what he does.He’s an amazing person.”“We believe that we all have responsibility for the well-being of the community and when times get tough we try to open our doors and let people come in and regroup,” said McIngvale.8.What does the underlined word “huddled” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Warmed up.B.Stayed hidden.C.Kept calm.D.Crowded together.9.Why did Maten drive to find a hotel in spite of danger?A.She had a power failure and no running water at home.B.The extreme freezing weather would continue.C.Gallery Furniture opened for the residents.D.Her mother and daughter asked her to find one.10.What can we infer from the sicIngvale?A.He is always ready to help others.B.He has a talent for managing.C.He is a very considerate man.D.He is a serious person.11.What can we learn from McIngvale according to the tean with conscience.B.To be a loving and responsible person.C.To create a well-known brand of product.D.To fight bravely against bad weather.DAt the beginning of my 8:00 a.m.class one Monday at my college,I cheerfully asked my students how their weekend had been.One young man said that his weekend had not been very good.He then proceeded to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful.His question reminded me of something I’d read somewhere before:“Every morning when you get up,you have a choice about how you want to approach life thatday.”I said to the young man,“I choose to be cheerful.”“Let me give you an example,”I continued.The other 60 students in the class ceased their chatter and began to listen to our conversation.As soon as I got to my office,I called to ask for a tow truck(拖车).The secretary in the of fice asked me what had happened.“This is my lucky day,”I replied,smiling.“Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day?” She was puzzled.“What do you mean?”“I live 17 miles from here,”I replied.“My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway.It didn’t.Instead,it broke down in the perfect place:off the freeway,within walking distance of here.I’m still able to teach my class,and I’ve been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class.If my car was meant to break down today,it couldn’t have been arranged in a more convenient fashion.” The secretary’s eyes opened wide,and then she smiled.I smiled back and headed for class.So ended my story to the students in my economics class.I scanned the 61 faces in the lecture hall.Despite the early hour,no one seemed to be asleep.Somehow,my story had touched them.Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all.In fact,it had all started with a student’s observation that I was cheerful.A wise man once said:“Who you are speaks louder to me than anything you can say.”I suppose it must be so.12.What do we know about the writer according to Paragraph 1?A.He likes to tell stories.B.He is strict with his students.C.He remains cheerful in his life.D.He always makes random choices.13.Where did the writer’s car br eak down?A.Close to his school.B.On the freeway.C.Near his home.D.On the campus.14.What does the writer think of the young man in his class?A.Sensitive.B.Observant.C.Optimistic.D.Troublesome.15.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.A good beginning is half done.B.A bad workman blames his tools.C.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D.Deeds take priority over words in education.Ⅱ.阅读七选五In 1962,London Bridge was falling down.Built in 1831,the bridge couldn’t handle the ever-increasing flow of traffic across the Thames River. 1 Robert McCulloch,Founder of Lake Havasu City,Arizona,submitted the winning bid of $2,460,000.2 Then each stone was numbered.Everything was shipped 10,000 miles to Long Beach,California,and then trucked to Lake Havasu City.Reconstruction began on September 23,1968,with a ceremony including the Lord Mayor of London,who laid the cornerstone.On October 10,1971,the bridge was rebuilt.To reach the bridge from I-40,we recommend going south on Arizona Highway 95,and then turn left (east) on Mesquite Avenue.3 Then turn right again on McCulloch Boulevard N.to drive over the bridge.Just after turning onto McCulloch Boulevard N.,you’ll cross over Arizona Highway 95.Before you reach the actual London Bridge,turn left into the small parking lot near the London Bridge Resort. 4Once you walk west under the bridge,you’ll see a walkway which leads up to the London Bridge visitors’ center where there are some historical photos and other information about the bridge and other attractions and places of interest. 5Lake Havasu City,which got its start as an Army Air Corps rest camp during World War Ⅱ,now has over 1,000 businesses,two newspapers and a college.Remember that the nean comes up to you and offers to sell you a used bridge,just be happy!A.The bridge was taken down.B.Turn right on Lake Havasu Avenue N.C.As is known to all,London Bridge has a long history.D.The British government decided to build a new bridge.E.The British government decided to put the bridge up for sale.F.It’s an easy walk along the lower edge of the bridge for photos.G.They are all within about a 100-mile radius(半径) of Lake Havasu City.选修6 Module2语言运用题组——求精准(25mins)Ⅰ.完形填空A man was on a mission.When Denver accountant Steve Greig lost his beloved dog Wolfgang eight years ago,his life 1 forever.He 2 not one dog after Wolfgang died but more than a dozen dogs over the years,all of whom have been in their last few years of life.He chose to rescue these 3 dogs because they 4 wouldn’t have had a home.Greig started 5 family photos of his animals on Meta,and his following 6 quickly.He now has more than 894,000followers,and in addition to nine dogs,he has a pig,two rabbits,two ducks,four chickens,two cats,and a 50-pound turkey.“I adopted these animals 7 Wolfgang,” said Greig.He wanted something good to come out of the 8 event,so he went to a 9 and adopted the oldest dog there.After that,he started photographing his 10 life with his animals.“They are just a part of my life.I’ll come into a room and there’s a chicken sitting on a dog and it will be a great 11 .I have no idea that these photos would 12 quickly,and now the followers are still growing,” said Greig.He didn’t intend to 13 others,but that’s 14 what happened.Shortly after he started posting,his mailbox was filled with 15 of others adopting old dogs as well.His fame (声誉) 16 his book,which teaches kids about 17 what is old instead of looking for the next new thing.Greig has had lots of messages on Meta asking how he can 18 to adopt senior dogs,knowing the end is 19 .The answer is 20 for him:“Love doesn’t have a time limit.”1.A.improved B.changedC.benefitedsted2.A.cured B.caughtC.attractedD.adopted3.A.active B.thinC.seniorD.sick4.A.otherwise B.immediatelyC.generallyD.ever5.A.printing B.praisingC.postingD.taking6.A.paid B.decreasedC.dividedD.grew7.A.regardless of B.in memory ofC.in place ofD.in regard to8.A.peaceful B.boringC.sadD.surprising9.A.school B.shelterC.hospitalD.zoo10.A.daily B.lonelyC.emptyD.wealthy11.A.skill B.performanceC.successD.picture12.A.disappear B.moveC.spreadD.expand13.A.envy B.urgeC.inspireD.promote14.A.exactly B.publiclyC.frequentlyrgely15.A.warnings B.messagesC.ordersD.promises16.A.resulted from B.led toC.took overD.kept off17.A.pleasing B.realizingC.servingD.respecting18.A.bear B.intendC.expectD.agree19.A.dear B.unclearmonD.near20.A.long B.funnyC.simpleD.strangeⅡ.语法填空Green tea originates from China.It is a type of tea which is made from the 1. (process) leaves of tea trees.Green tea has gone through many scientific studies to determine the extent of its health benefits.But it is only during the last two decades that research regarding the health benefits of drinking green tea 2. (establish).Results of 3. study in 1994 published by the JournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute stated that Chinese men and women 4. regular drink was green tea reduced the risk of getting cancer by almost 60 percent.Another study conducted by the University of Purdue also claimed that green tea contains a compound which prevents the 5. (grow) of cancer cells.Green tea is 6. (benefit) to health.More studies suggest that aside from its ability to prevent cancer,it’s also reported to strengthen the immune system.Green tea is rich 7.a substance called EGCG.This substance has the ability to kill existing cancer cells without 8. (destroy) healthy issues.Although green tea has many 9. (benefit),not everyone can drink it.For example,it is not suitable for children,pregnant women or the elderly 10. (drink) green tea.选修6 Module3主观题组合练——要规范(40mins)Ⅰ.语法填空After traveling 1. space for sevenmonths,China’s Tianwen-1 probe (探测器) has reached Mars and 2. (smooth) entered the orbit on February 10,,according to China National Space Administration.The administration also published ablack-and-white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen-1 3.the probe was about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars.The name “Tianwen”,4.(borrow) from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the state of Chu,5. (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”.Tianwen-1,the country’s first 6. (independence) Mars mission (任务),was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket,by far the 7.(large) launch vehicle in China,from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province,on July 23,.The mission 8. (design) to study the composition of the Martian atmosphere as well as contribute to the ongoing search for the past and present life.9.will be the first mission in space history to complete orbiting,landing and wandering at a time.The final goal is to soft-land a rover in May on the southern part of Mars’ Utopia Planitia 10.(conduct) scientific surveys.Ⅱ.短文改错Last Friday,our school held a fire drill.Listened to the teacher attentively in the math class,all of a suddenly,we heard a fire alarm from the loudspeaker.The teacher stopped teaching immediately and instructing us to e in order.When we got out,heavy smoke had filled with the hallway.We bent down,covered our mouths with wet towels and ran downstairs along the wall into the open airs,just as we had taught before.What moved us were that our monitor made sure everyone was safe after he left the building.Five minutes late,we gathered on the playground.We got to know more about how to protect us properly in case of emergency.Ⅲ.书面表达假定你是李华。

(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.单项填空1. [2012·上海卷] ________ passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC．Beneath D．By2．In the long________，children of depressed mothers are more likely to suffer from childhood depression.A．period B．termC．stage D．time3．It is important to ________ the latest research.A．keep in touch with B．lose touch withC．be out of touch with D．get in touch with4．Increased production will, ________，lead to increased profits.A．in nature B．in frontC．in turn D．in fact5. —Do you know why Mrs Burns is in low spirits?—I heard that she is ________ a divorce at the moment.A．getting through B．looking throughC．going through D．breaking through6. More highways have been built in China，________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A. makingB. madeC. to makeD. having made7. I could hardly recognize your son. ________ I met him, he was only a little child.A．From the moment B．For the first timeC．The first time D．At the moment8．“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with________clearly in her voice.A．anger B. rudenessC. regretD. panic9. As teachers, we should be________of our students' feelings. And then they will trust us.A．anxious B．afraidC．delighted D．considerate10．Keeping what belongs to another person ________ to stealing.A．applies B．accountsC．attaches D．amounts11．I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ________ when we talked on the phone.A．to promote B．having been promotedC．having promoted D．to be promoted12. —Can you remember ________ some unpleasant things about her?—Yes, but I didn't mean ________ her.A．saying; to hurt B．to say; hurtingC．to say; to hurt D．saying; hurting13．After inspecting the building，specialists discovered some faults that otherwise________.A．had been overlookedB．would have been overlookedC．were overlookedD．would be overlooked14．Do________ yourself ________ from the television and come out for a walk.A．keep; away B．break; awayC．get; away D．tear; away15．—David will win the first prize.—Are you sure?—________. He is always working hard.A．It's my guess B．It's up to youC．That depends D．It's hard to sayⅡ.完形填空[2012·福建卷]I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I'm left __16__．Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other __17__？I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，__18__ children from different races and religions played and studied __19__ in harmony. At that time my family lived a stone's __20__ from Ismail's. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu—we just __21__ our differences. Perhaps, our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice, well __22__ or otherwise.We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, we'd __23__ the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to __24__ the unexpected. At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his __25__．When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail's family later returned to their village, and I __26__ touch with him.One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur. I __27__ my destination. The driver acknowledged my __28__ but did not move off. Instead, he looked __29__ at me.“Raddar？”he said, using my childhood nickname(绰号)．I was astonished at being so __30__ addressed(称呼). Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! Even after two __31__ we still recognized each other. Grasping his shoulder, I felt a true affection, something __32__ to describe.If we can allow our children to be __33__ without prejudice, they'll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be __34__ their side through thick and thin. On such friendships are societies built and __35__ we can truly be, as William Shakespeare once wrote，“we happy few, we band of brothers”．16．A.interested B．pleasedC．puzzled D．excited17．A.parties B．citiesC．villages D．races18．A.why B．whichC．how D．when19．A.together B．aroundC．alone D．apart20．A.drop B．throwC．move D．roll21．A.refused B．madeC．sought D．accepted22．A.paid B．meantC．preserved D．treated23．A.explore B．searchC．discover D．desert24．A.get through B．deal withC．come across D．take away25．A.arrival B．choiceC．effort D．company26．A.lost B．gainedC．developed D．missed27．A. stated B．orderedC．decided D．chose28．A.attempts B．instructionsC．opinions D．arrangements29．A.anxiously B．carelesslyC．disappointedly D．fixedly30．A.familiarly B．strangelyC．fully D．coldly31．A.departures B．monthsC．years D．decades32．A.possible B．funnyC．hard D．clear33．A.them B．themselvesC．us D．ourselves34．A.from B．byC．with D．against35．A.still B．otherwiseC．then D．insteadⅢ.阅读理解“Hey, Jenna, do you think we'll still be friends when we're eighty-two？”I asked my friend.It was clear that she was wondering where I had come up with such a question.Losing Jenna would be like losing a very close sister.We hung out together.We gave each other advice.“Of course, we'll still be friends when we're eighty-two.” Jenna announced loudly.The next year, in the fourth grade, we met Jamie.The three of us soon became close friends.We played together almost every day.I thought even time couldn't pull us apart, but I was sadly mistaken.The three of us started fighting a lot.Before Christmas, we had a really big fight, and Jamie and Jenna were against me, both saying I_was_bossy．I felt helpless and lonely.I thought Christmas would be horrible!I was surprised when Jenna came to my house and gave me an awesome Christmas card she had made for me.I was so sure that she was still disappointed with me.“Wow, ” I said, breaking the silence as we stood on either side of my front door.“Thanks.”“Okay…well…I have to go, ” she said softly.“Okay.See you later then…”and I closed the door.“Who was that at the door？” my mum asked.The card started off with “Merry Chr istmas”，but then it said, “I am so glad we're friends.I am sorry about what I said when we were fighting.A fight won't stop us from being friends.Besides, we said we were going to be friends even when we're eighty-two.”I stopped reading and started laughing.I couldn't believe I had forgotten what she said that day in her backyard.I couldn't believe I had been so selfish in trying to get even and making my friends feel sorry for me that I had forgotten about real friendship.36．How would the author and Jenna get along with each other after Christmas?A．They would be close friends again.B．They would not speak to each other.C．They would lose touch with each other.D．They would go on fighting with each other.37．The underlined sentence “I was bossy”in the fourth paragraph means “________”．A．I looked like a bossB．I acted as a bossC．I was fond of giving ordersD．I was fond of fighting38．Which of the following is the right time order according to the passage?a．Jamie became our friend.b．I felt lonely and unhappy.c．Jenna, Jamie and I fought a lot.d．Jenna brought me a Christmas card.e．I was sorry for what I did to her.f．Jenna and I promised to be lifelong friends.A．f a b c e d B．a c f b d eC．a b c f e d D．f a c b d e39．The author was delighted when she read the card from Jenna because ________．A．what Jenna wrote was funnyB．Jenna would be her friend againC．she was happy about the coming ChristmasD．she was happy to receive a Christmas card。

高三英语第一轮复习Book 6Module3-4测标试题一.语法填空（每空3分，共30分）A: We are all talking about and 1__________ (use) the Internet, but do you know 2__________history of the Internet?B: Not exactly.A: Many people are surprised 3 __________ they find that the Internet was not set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Compu ter networks didn’t work well. If one computer in the network 4__________ (break) down, the whole network stopped.B: Really? That was not convenient at all, wasn’t it?A: No. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good en ough 5__________ (use) by many different computers. If part of the network was working, information could 6_________ (send) through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.B: How can computers be used in so many fields?A: The Internet was only used by the government in the 1960s, but in the early 70s, universities, hospitals and banks 7_________(allow) to use it. However, comput ers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software 8________ helped people “su rf” the Internet easily.B: And now it is 9_________(convenience) to surf the Internet than ever before, isn’t it?A: Yeah. Today it is easy to get online and millions of people use the Internet every day. 10__________ (send) emails is more and more popular among students.二．短语运用（每空2分，共20分）11.The thief __________ while the police were chatting.12.The boy still _ in school w ork.13.I ___ the plan for a long time and found something mistaken.14.I her about the matter just now.15.He ________ a wonderful story to explain his absence.16.Thanks for showing us your products—we’ll _________ .17. _________ , I’m unable to accept your kind invitation.18.I found socks in the bedroom, but they don’t make a pair.19.The new student the school football team.20 I wish I could do something for you __.三．阅读理解（每题5分，共35分）AChimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a nei ghbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and shareare not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the chi ldren did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were con sider ably better at understanding the social worldThe core of what children’s mind have and chimps’don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.21. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others’interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.22. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full23. The passage is mainly about ____.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train children’s shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in childrenBEl Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997-98 helped American’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmfuleffects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.24. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Chris tmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.25. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries’gains are greater than their losses.D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.26. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Nino deserve more compensationD. recovery and reconstruction should come first27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.四. 单句填空（每题1.5分，共15分）28. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.29. It’s raining heavily, little Mary felt cold, so she stood __________ (close) to her father.30. As is_________ (mention) above earlier, this has been a very successful year for our company.31. The only season that makes one feel ___ ______ (live) is spring.32. Even Tom _________ (belong) to the top students failed in the exam.33.Though John and Andrew look exactly _________ (like), they act quite differently.34. It was _________ (consider) of you not to watch TV while I was asleep.35. Any good farmer knows that you can’t expect to reap a _________ (harvest) without planting seeds.36. He is a man full of _________ (forgive).37. The old lady leaned on the sofa __________(comfortable), reading a newspaper.Book 6 Module 3-41. using2. the3.when4. broke5. to be used6. be sent7. were allowed8. that/which9. more convenient 10. Sending11. slid away 12. takes no interest 13. turned over 14. had a quarrel with 15. made up 16. ke ep in touch 17. Much to my regret 18. a couple of 19. belongs to 20. in return21.A 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.A 27.D（16江苏BC）28. seated 29. close 30. mentioned 31. lively 32. belonging 33. alike34. considerate 35. harvest 36. forgiveness 37. comfortably。