第七章教学(上)题库4-1-8

第七章教育评价题库1-2-10问题：[单选]提出了一个教师成长公式：经验+反思一成长。

A.A．科顿B.B．波斯纳C.C．布鲁纳D.D．布鲁巴奇波斯纳为了强调反思的重要性，提出了一个教师成长公式：经验+反思=成长。

问题：[单选]对某一教育活动效果的评价，不能只听某个领导或某个专家的意见，还要听取同行的意见，听取广大家长的意见，更要考查所评班幼儿的发展水平，收集方方面面的信息进行分析和归纳，最后做出恰当的评价。

这体现了评价的原则。

A.A．一致性B.B．全面性C.C．目的性D.D．可比性评价的全面性是指评价收集的信息要全面，不能片面强调某一项，更不能偏听偏信。

只有这样，才能使评价工作更科学、更准确。

问题：[单选]“矮子里找高个”“水涨船高”是一种。

A.A．相对性评价B.B．绝对性评价C.C．定性评价D.D．定量评价相对评价是在被评价对象的群体中建立基准，然后把该群体中的各个对象逐一与基准进行比较，以判断该群体中每一成员的相对优势。

这两句话意在强调评价时的基准，属于相对评价。

/ 街机游戏大全问题：[单选]教师期望效应是由研究发现的。

A.A．皮格马利翁B.B．勒温C.C．罗森塔尔D.D．夸美纽斯罗森塔尔等人对教师期望进行研究，表明教师的期望对学生的心理和行为产生直接影响。

他借助古希腊神话中"皮格马利翁"的名字，把这种现象称为"皮格马利翁效应"，也称"罗森塔尔效应""教师期望效应"。

问题：[单选]根据评价方式的不同，教学评价可以分为。

A.A．总结性评价、形成性评价与诊断性评价B.B．常模参照评价和标准参照评价C.C．标准化测验评价与教师自编测验评价D.D．系统测验评价和日常观察评价根据评价方式的不同，可以将教学评价分为系统测验评价和日常观察评价。

问题：[单选]直接回答问题的谈话主要用来评价。

A.A．幼儿的自我意识B.B．教师对幼儿的态度、责任心C.C．了解幼儿的正确知识D.D．幼儿的最佳思考和努力直接回答问题的谈话即一种一问一答式的谈话。

第七章急性化脓性中耳炎题库2-1-8问题：[多选]急性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜穿孔后临床症状变化的规律是A.A．体温急剧上升B.B．耳痛减轻C.C．耳聋加重D.D．耳漏E.E．全身症状加重问题：[多选]下列哪项是经咽鼓管途径至急性化脓性中耳炎A.A．在污水中游泳B.B．不适当的咽鼓管吹张C.C．不适当的擤鼻D.D．鼻腔治疗不当E.E．鼓膜穿孔问题：[多选]急性化脓性中耳炎全身治疗的原则包括A.A．早期足量应用抗生素B.B．1%麻黄素生理盐水滴鼻C.C．低盐饮食，少饮水D.D．全身症状重者给予支持疗法E.E．注意休息，调节饮食，疏通大便/ 俄罗斯世界杯问题：[多选]鼓膜切开术的适应证是A.A．穿孔太小，引流不畅B.B．炎症确已消退，鼓膜穿孔长期不愈者C.C．有并发症可疑，但无需立即行乳突手术D.D．全身及局部症状较重，鼓膜明显膨出，经一般治疗无明显减轻E.E．鼓膜穿孔后大量耳漏问题：[多选]与急性化脓性中耳炎临床表现不相符的是A.A．鼓膜一旦穿孔，体温即逐渐下降，全身症状明显减轻B.B．耳深部痛，可向胸背部放射C.C．鼓膜一旦穿孔，耳痛顿减D.D．鼓膜穿孔后耳内有液体流出，初为纯脓性，后变为血水样E.E．始感耳闷，继则听力渐降，穿孔后耳聋加重问题：[多选]关于急性化脓性中耳炎描述正确的是A.A．系中耳粘膜的急性化脓性炎症B.B．主要致病菌为肺炎球菌和结核杆菌C.C．病变主要位于鼓室D.D．好发于青壮年E.E．中耳其他各部也可受累问题：[多选]急性化脓性中耳炎的感染途径不包括A.A．血行感染B.B．咽鼓管途径C.C．外耳道鼓膜途径D.D．急性上呼吸道感染E.E．淋巴回流。

第七章统计指数题库4-0-8问题：[多选]对某商店某时期商品销售额变动情况分析，其指数体系包括。

A.销售量指数B.销售价格指数C.总平均价格指数D.销售额指数E.个体指数对某商店某时期商品销售额变动情况分析，其指数体系为：销售额指数=销售量指数×销售价格指数。

问题：[多选]指数体系的作用有。

A.可以进行指数间的互相推算B.可以进行因素分析C.是选择指数基期的基本依据D.是选择指数公式的基本依据E.可以固定一个因素观察另一个因素的变动指数体系的作用：①可以进行因素分析。

根据指数体系，从数量方面研究现象的综合变动中，可以分析各个因素变动对其影响的方向、程度和绝对效果;②可以进行指数间的互相推算，即根据已知的指数推算未知的指数。

问题：[多选]在指数体系中，。

A.一个对象总指数等于两个或两个以上因素指数的代数和B.一个对象总指数等于两个或两个以上因素指数的乘积C.存在相对数之间的数量对等关系D.存在绝对变动额之间的数量对等关系E.各指数都是综合指数A项，一个对象总指数等于两个或两个以上因素指数的乘积;E项，在指数体系中，各指数可以是综合指数，也可以是平均指数。

(辽宁11选5 )问题：[多选]三种商品的价格指数为105%，其绝对影响为800元，则结果表明。

A.三种商品的价格上涨了5%B.三种商品的销售量减少了5%C.由于价格上涨使居民在维持一定生活水准的情况下，多支出800元D.由于价格上涨使商店在一定销售量条件下，多收入800元E.价格报告期比基期的绝对差额为800元三种商品的价格指数为105%，其绝对影响为800元，表明由于三种商品的价格上涨了5%，使购买额增加了800元。

问题：[多选]某公司劳动生产率提高10%，职工人数减少10%，则。

A.职工人数指数为90%B.产量指数为99%C.产量减产1%D.劳动生产率指数为110%E.产量指数为100%职工人数指数=1-10%=90%，劳动生产率指数=1+10%=110%，则产量指数=职工人数指数X劳动生产率指数=90%×110%=99%，即产量减少1%。

第七章应用文写作试题库一、填空题1.应用文的主要用途有：、、、。

2.对应用文的主题的要求有、、、、。

3.应用文写作中材料选择的原则是：、、、、。

4. 应用文中结构的要求是：、、。

5. 应用文的语言要求是：、、、。

6. 计划按内容可分为、、、等。

7. 计划的核心内容，主要解决、、三项内容。

8. 总结从内容分主要有、两种。

9.总结的主体应包括、、、等10. 调查报告的特点有：、、。

11. 调查报告的种类主要有以下三种、、。

12.简报的作用有：、、。

13. 简报种类有：、、。

14. 简报一般都有固定的报头，包括、、、。

15．公文的体式，指的是文件的、。

16．秘密等级是指公文的机密程度的等级。

依次分为、、三个等级。

17. 紧急公文应当根据紧急程度分别标明、。

18. 发文字号包括、、。

19. 公文标题的“三要素”是指、、。

20. 正文是公文的主体，即文件的核心和主体部分。

一般包括、、三个部分。

21. 主题词的标引顺序是、、。

22. 通知的种类有、、、、。

23. 通报的种类有、、。

24. 报告的种类有、、。

25. 工作书信类应用文有、、等种类。

26. 慰问信(电)的种类有：、、。

27.求职信的格式主要有、、、、、、几部分。

28. 专用介绍信共有两联，一联是，另一联是。

29. 借条中所有数据均应注明人民币，并且不能留空，不能换行。

30．专用书信的成为一般写在第行开头。

二、判断题1. 会议纪要的精髓在"纪"，要大量直接引用或列举参会人员的原始发言材料。

（）2．写作典型人物演讲稿对所选取的材料不能人为杜撰，但可以根据情况夸大或缩小。

（）3. 请示必须事前行文，否则就是"先斩后奏"，不符合规定。

（）4. 调查报告写作时，一般先摆出观点，再叙述事实。

（）5. 会议报告和述职报告都是向群众或上级领导报告工作情况，以取得理解和支持。

（）6. 报告是单方向的上行文，供领导审阅，不需要上级给予回复。

《细胞生物学》题库第七章细胞器一、单选题1、下列哪个细胞器不属于内膜系统：（）A. 高尔基复合体B. 过氧化物酶体C. 线粒体D. 溶酶体E. 内质网2、对细胞质基质描述错误的是下面哪一项：（）A. 为细胞器正常结构的维持提供所需要的离子环境B. 为细胞器完成其功能活动供给所必需的一切底物C. 是进行某些生化反应的场所D. 是细胞所需能量合成的场所3、不属于滑面内质网结构特征的是：（）A. 扁囊B. 小管C. 小泡D. 管网E.与粗面内质网相连4、不属于高尔基复合体结构的是：（）A. 顺面高尔基体网状结构B. 反面高尔基体网状结构C. 高尔基体中间膜囊D. 分泌泡E. 都不是5、高尔基体中间膜囊的标志酶是：（）A. NADP酶B. 葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶C. 酯酶D. 磷酸酶E. 羟化酶6、下列不属于高尔基复合体功能的是：（）A. 浓缩溶酶体的酶，帮助初级溶酶体的形成B. 运送膜定位蛋白至细胞膜上C. 将内质网上所需的蛋白质运回D. 分泌糖蛋白E. 帮助线粒体内外膜上的蛋白运输7、属于高尔基体中间膜囊功能的是：（）A. 接受来自于内质网的运输小泡B. 将含有内质网蛋白驻留信号的蛋白再使其返还至内质网C. 对糖蛋白进行O-连接方式的糖基化修饰D. 分选来自内质多新合成的蛋白质和脂质E. 分泌磷酸酶8、执行功能作用的溶酶体的是：（）A. 初级溶酶体B. 大泡性溶酶体C. 残余小体D. 内体性溶酶体E. 吞噬性溶酶体9、溶酶体内的水解酶与其他糖蛋白的主要区别是：（）A. 溶酶体内的水解酶是酸性水解酶B. 溶酶体内的水解酶的糖链上含有6-磷酸甘露糖C. 糖类部分是通过多萜醇加到蛋白上的D. 溶酶体内的水解酶是由粗面内质网合成的E. 溶酶体的水解酶没有活性10、不能与内体性溶酶体结合形成吞噬性溶酶体的是：（）A. 胞饮小体B. 吞噬小体C. 自噬小体D. 残余小体E. 都可以11、不属于细胞内溶酶体功能的是：（）A. 在骨质更新中起重要作用B. 协助助精子与卵细胞受精C. 参与甲状腺素的生成D. 对细胞内物质的消化E. 大分子降解12、以下不属于过氧化物酶体功能的是：（）A. 把血液中的乙醇氧化成乙醛，起到解毒作用B. 先将底物氧化成过氧化氢，再把过氧化氢氧化成水和氧气C. 将脂肪中的脂肪酸转化成糖D. 分解脂肪酸等高分子直接向细胞提供热量E. 都不是13、有关线粒体说法不正确的是：（）A. 嵴通常常垂直纵轴B. 内、外膜组成线粒体的支架C. 所有线粒体均含有DNAD. 内室与外室不相通E. 内、外囊相通14、有关线粒体内膜说法错误的是：（）A. 膜厚度约6~7nmB. 嵴内的空隙称为嵴内腔C. 哺乳动物细胞线粒体的嵴大多呈板层状D. 需要能量多的细胞，不仅线粒体数目多，线粒体的嵴也较多E. 产生向内的板状突起E. 都不是15、叶绿体基质中的主要化学组分是：（）A. 核酸和无机盐B. RNA和酶C. DNA和蛋白质D. 酶和其他可溶性蛋白16、内质网与下列那些功能无关（　）A.蛋白质的合成B.脂质的合成C.Ｏ－连接的蛋白糖基化D.Ｎ－连接的蛋白糖基化E.新生的多肽的折叠与装配17、下列选项属于粗面内质网功能的是（）A.脂蛋白的合成B.分泌蛋白和膜蛋白的合成C.糖原的合成与分解D.骨骼肌的收缩18、下列关于内质网在细胞中分布的说法不正确的是（）A.细胞质膜有时与内质网相连接B.内质网膜常与外核连接C.粗面内质网常在高尔基体的反面D.光面内质网在细胞中所占区域通常很小19、下列搭配正确的是（）A.顺面——运输小泡——凹形B.反面——运输小泡——凹形C.顺面——分泌小泡——凸形D.反面——分泌小泡——凹形20、有关溶酶体说法不正确的是（）A.是细胞内的消化器官B.所有动物细胞（除成熟的红细胞）均具有溶酶体C.含60多种水解酶，最适合PH=6.0D.被称为异型细胞器21、下列有关核糖体的论述正确的是（）A.核糖体是合成蛋白质的细胞器B.核糖体常分为附着核糖体和游离核糖体C.核糖体属于细胞内膜系统，为颗粒状的结构，没有被膜包围D.核糖体存在于一切细胞内二、多选题1、下列不是粗面内质网功能的是：A. 分泌蛋白的合成B. 膜脂的合成C. 糖原的合成与分解D. 脂蛋白的合成E. 骨骼肌收缩2、滑面内质网的功能有：A. 脂类的合成B. 膜脂的合成C. 糖原的合成与分解D. 解毒作用E. 胆汁的形成3、可用于电镜观察高尔基体的染色方法有：A. 硝酸银B. 锇酸C. HE染色D. 苏木精E. 洋红4、溶酶体的主要生理功能有：A. 对细胞内物质的消化B. 参与甲状腺素的形成C. 参与肌体的器官组织变态和退化D. 协助精子与卵细胞受精E. 在骨质更新过程中起作用5、与溶酶体相关的疾病有：A. 矽肺B. 先天性溶酶体病C. 类风湿性关节炎D. 恶性肿瘤E. 心肌炎三、填空题1、内质网是与的合成基地。

第七章防治原则与治法考点1．防治原则的治疗总则。

2．中医治未病的含义。

3．未病先防的内容。

4．治病求本的概念。

5．正治与反治的概念。

6．标本缓急的含义。

7．同病异治、异病同治的概念。

8．三因制宜的含义。

9．中医基本治法中“汗、和、温、清、补”的定义。

10．清法、补法的注意事项。

试题一、单选题1.下列哪项不属于中医防治疾病的总原则：（B ）A未病先防B清淡饮食C既病防变D治病求本E因时因地因人制宜2.见肝之病，先实其脾气，这种治疗属于：（D ）A早期治疗B治病求本C急则治其标D先安未受邪之地E扶正祛邪3.“寒因寒用”的治疗法则是：（A ）A假寒证用寒药B虚寒证用寒药C实寒证用寒药D虚热证用寒药E实热证用寒药4.以下哪一项不是未病先防的内容：（B ）A“避其毒气”B审因论治C调摄精神D药物预防及人工免疫E加强锻炼5.正虚邪实而不耐攻伐的病人，一般采用：（B ）A扶正为主B先扶正后祛邪C祛邪为主D先祛邪后扶正E扶正与祛邪6.用“扶正祛邪并用法”所治疗的病证有：（A ）A邪气盛，正气已衰B邪气盛，正气未衰C正气虚，邪气未盛D邪祛正虚E邪正俱盛7.下列除哪项外都属于“治病求本”的治法：（D ）A热因热用B通因通用C寒者热之D未病先防E寒因寒用8.下列哪个病证应采取急则治其标的方法：（A ）A大出血B阴虚内热C脾虚腹泻D气血两虚E阳虚外寒9.疾病的标与本的概念下列哪项是不确切的：（C ）A本质与现象B原发病与继发病C外感与内伤D先病与后病E原因与结果10.素体气虚感受寒邪用益气解表法治疗属：（B ）A急则治其标B标本兼治C缓则治其本D因时制宜E以上都不是11.对疾病力求早期诊断、早期治疗的目的：（B ）A提高治愈率B中止其病情的发展变化C尽早确立治疗方法D提高诊断的准确率E以上均不是12.以上不属于治则的是：（B ）A治病求本B活血化瘀C扶正祛邪D调治脏腑E调理气血13.“见肝之病，当先实脾”的治疗原则当属：（A ）A既病防变B治病求本C三因制宜D调理气血E调理脏腑14.下列哪项属于正治法则：（D ）A标本兼治B因人制宜C塞因塞用D寒者热之E寒因寒用15.下列哪项不属于正治法则：（A ）A热因热用B虚则补之C寒者热之D实则泻之E热者寒之16.下列哪项属于反治法则：（C ）A实则泻之B攻补兼施C通因通用D祛邪兼扶正E虚则补之17.以下哪项既病防变的内容：（C ）A调摄精神B加强锻炼C早期诊治，先安未受邪之地D应用人工免疫E以上均不是18.肺痨咳嗽用滋养肺肾之阴的方法，属于：（B ）A标本兼治B缓则治其本C因人制宜D急则治其标E以上都是19.“老年慎泻，少年慎补”是依据什么而确定的用药原则：（D ）A标本同治B因时制宜C因地制宜D因人制宜E以上都是20.下列哪项属于“虚则补之”的具体运用：（C ）A表寒证运用温热的方药B里热证采用辛凉清里的方药C阳气虚衰运用扶阳益气的方药D瘀血证采用活血化瘀的方药E里寒证运用辛热温里的方药21.下列哪项属于“实则泻之”的具体运用：（D ）A表寒证运用温热的方药B里虚热证采用滋阴清热的方药C阳气虚衰运用扶阳益气的方药D瘀血证采用活血化瘀的方药E里寒证运用辛热温里的方药22.真热假寒证的治则应是：（A ）A寒因寒用B通因通用C塞因塞用D补泻兼施E热因热用23.真寒假热证的治则应是：（E ）A寒因寒用B通因通用C塞因塞用D补泻兼施E热因热用24.以热治热的治法适用于：（B ）A瘀血所致崩漏者B阴寒内盛，格阳于外而见热象者C里热盛极，阳盛格阴而见寒象者D因脾虚而致痞满且大便不畅者E因实热壅积而致大便不通者25.寒因寒用的治法适用于：（C ）A瘀血所致崩漏者B阴寒内盛，格阳于外而见热象者C里热盛极，阳盛格阴而见寒象者D因脾虚而致痞满且大便不畅者E因实热壅积而致大便不通者26.用消导积滞的方法治疗腹泻病证，其治则当属：（B ）A寒因寒用B通因通用C塞因塞用D热者寒之E热因热用27.用温热性质的方药治疗寒证的方法，其治则当属：（D ）A寒因寒用B通因通用C塞因塞用D寒者热之E热因热用28.用温热性质的药物治疗阴盛格阳病证，其治则当属：（E ）A寒因寒用B通因通用C塞因塞用D热者寒之E热因热用29.正虚邪不盛且以正虚为矛盾主要方面的病证，应采用何种治则：（A ）A单纯扶正B单纯袪邪C扶正兼袪邪D祛邪兼扶正E扶正祛邪并重30.邪盛较重急的虚实夹杂证，应采用何种治则：（D ）A单纯扶正B单纯袪邪C扶正兼袪邪D祛邪兼扶正E扶正祛邪并重31.扶正兼祛邪的治则，适用于：（C ）A真实假虚B真虚假实C虚实夹杂且以正虚为主D邪实正未衰E虚实夹杂，病邪胶固不易扩散32.先祛邪后扶正的治则，适用于：（D ）A真实假虚B真虚假实C虚实夹杂且以正虚为主D邪实正未衰E虚实夹杂，病邪胶固不易扩散33. 中医学“治未病”的预防思想包括：（E ）A注重调养正气B注意防止邪气的侵害C养生保健D既病防变E以上均是34.“亡血家不可发汗”此属于：（A ）A因人制宜B因地制宜C因时制宜D未病先防E以上均不是35.临床治疗时应慎用寒性药物的季节是：（E ）A春季B秋季C夏季D长夏E冬季36.临床治疗时应慎用热性药物的季节是：（C ）A春季B秋季C夏季D长夏E冬季37.临床治疗时应慎用滋腻药物的季节是：（D ）A春季B秋季C夏季D长夏E冬季38.应慎用温热之剂的体质是：（A ）A阳盛之体B阳虚之体C阴盛之体 D 气虚之体E血虚之体39.应慎用寒凉之剂的体质是：（B ）A阳盛之体B阳虚之体C血虚之体 D 气虚之体E阴虚之体40.标和本的概念有多种含义，以下说法错误的是：（B ）A急则治其标B先治标，后治本C缓则治其本 D 标本兼治E标与本是相对的41.以下应“急则治其标”的病症是：（B ）A慢性病又伴外感者B慢性病又伴大出血不止者C脾虚而后生中满者 D 食积所致腹部胀满者E以上病症均是42.“因人制宜”主要是根据病人的什么不同特点来考虑治疗用药：（E ）A饮食偏嗜B年龄和性别C劳逸损伤D体质E以上均是43.“因时制宜”原则是指：（E ）A夏季慎用温热B冬季慎用寒凉C暑邪致病应解暑化湿D冬季宜食热性食物E以上均是44.在下列治法中，以阴阳互根互用为理论依据的是：（B ）A寒者热之，热者寒之B阳中求阴，阴中求阳C阴病治阳，阳病治阴D热因热用，寒因寒用E以上均不是45 中医治疗疾病的根本原则是：（B ）A调整阴阳B治病求本C扶正祛邪D因人因地制宜E标本缓急46.汗法主要适用于：（A ）A外感表证B宿食不消C热入营血D阳气衰微E心脾两虚47.补法主要适用于：（D ）A外感表证B宿食不消C热入营血D心脾两虚E阴寒内盛48.以下不属于“八法”的是：（E ）A汗、吐B下、和C温、清D消、补E寒、热49.以下不属于“温法”的是：（C ）A温经散寒B温肺化饮C滋阴补肾D温胃理气E温肾利水50.以下不属于“清法”的是：（B ）A清热泻火B理气消食C清营凉血D清心开窍E清热解毒二、多选题1.标和本是一个相对的概念，有多种含义，一般是指：（ACD ）A急则治其标B先治标，后治本C缓则治其本 D 标本兼治E先治本，后治标2.“因人制宜”主要是根据病人的什么不同特点来考虑治疗用药：（ABCDE ）A饮食偏嗜B年龄C劳逸损伤D体质E性别3.“因时制宜”原则是指：（ABCDE ）A夏季慎用温热B冬季慎用寒凉C暑邪致病应解暑化湿D冬季宜食热性食物E秋季外感宜辛润祛邪勿伤肺4.中医学的预防思想包括：（DE ）A辨证求因B因时制宜C审因论治D既病防变E未病先防5.下列哪些属于“治未病”的内容：（CDE ）A治病求本B急则治其标C先安未受邪之地D加强锻炼E调摄精神6.既病防变的措施包括：（CE ）A调摄精神B加强锻炼C早期诊治D应用人工免疫E先安未受邪之地7.“八法”的内容有：（ABCD ）A汗、吐B下、和C温、清D消、补E寒、热8.下列哪些属“和法”的范畴：（ABDE ）A和解少阳B表里双解C滋补肝肾D调和肝脾E调和寒热三、判断题1.治未病包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。

第7章小学儿童的心理发展【本章重点】1．学生学习的一般特点及其作用；2．学习障碍的特点、症状、原因；3．小学儿童的思维发展特点；4．儿童概念的发展；5．儿童推理能力的发展；6．儿童思维品质的发展特点；7．儿童自我意识的发展；8．儿童的社会性认知；9．小学儿童的人际关系；10．小学儿童品德发展的基本特点。

7.1复习笔记一、小学儿童的学习6、7岁到12、13岁是儿童开始进入小学学习的时期。

这是儿童心理发展的一个重要转折时期，被称之为前青春发育期。

在教育的影响下，小学儿童的认知能力、个性特点都在不断地发展变化，其发展过程表现出明显的协调性和过渡性的特点。

儿童进入学校以后，学习活动逐步取代游戏活动而成为儿童主要的活动形式。

（一）小学儿童的学习及其作用学习有广义和狭义之分：广义的学习，是指动物和人的经验的获得及行为变化的过程，人类的广义学习是在生活中进行的；狭义的学习，是指学生在教师指导下有目的、有计划、有系统地掌握知识技能和行为规范的活动，这是一种社会义务。

1．学生学习的一般特点学生的学习过程是一种认识或认知过程，学生在学习过程中认识世界，丰富自己，发展自己。

学习有下列几个基本特点：（1）在学习过程中，学生的认知或认识活动要越过直接经验的阶段。

学生以学习间接经验为主，不受时间空间的限制，越过直接经验，较迅速而直接地把最基本的东西学到手。

这是学生的学习过程区别于人类一般认识活动或认识过程的特殊本质。

（2）学生的学习是一种在教师指导下的认知或认识活动。

学生的学习是通过教学活动来实现的。

教与学是一种双边活动，教是为了学，学则需要教，二者互为条件，互相依存。

在学习过程中，学生的认知或认识活动受教师教授活动的制约。

（3）学生的学习过程是一种运用学习策略的活动。

学生最主要的学习是学会学习，最有效的知识是自我控制的知识。

要学会学习，就有学习策略的问题。

学习策略是指在学习活动中，为达到一定的学习目标而学会学习的规则、方法和技巧，是一种在学习活动中思考问题的操作过程，是认识（或认知）策略在学生学习中的一种表现形式。

2024-2025学年八年级数学上学期期中模拟卷（四川成都专用）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

4．测试范围：北师大版八年级上册第1章~第4章。

5．难度系数：0.65。

A 卷（共100分）第Ⅰ卷（共32分）一、选择题（本大题共8个小题，每小题4分，共32分．在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请选出并在答题卡上将该项涂黑）.1．下列计算结果正确的是（ ）A ．3+=B ´=C =D ．22=2．下列说法不正确的是（ ）A ．y 轴上的点的横坐标为0B ．点()2,5P -到x 轴的距离是5C ．若点()2,3A a ---在第四象限，那么2a <-D ．若0xy >，那么点(),Q x y 在第一象限【答案】D【解析】解：A ．y 轴上的点的横坐标为0，说法正确，不合题意；B ．点()2,5P -到x 轴的距离是5，说法正确，不合题意；C ．若点()2,3A a ---在第四象限，则20a -->，解得2a <-，说法正确，不合题意；D ．若0xy >，则0x >，0y >，或0x <，0y <，因此点(),Q x y 在第一象限或第三象限，该选项说法不正确，符合题意；故选D ．3．如图，以Rt ABC △的两直角边为边向外分别作两个正方形，以Rt ABC △的斜边为直径向外作半圆，若半圆的面积为8π，则两个正方形的面积的和为（ ）A ．32πB ．64C ．8πD ．164．关于函数21y x =-+，下列结论错误的是（ ）A ．图象必经过点()0,1B ．图象经过第一、三、四象限5操作：{}{}{}727288221®=®=®=第一次第二次第三次，即对72进行3次操作后变为1，对整数m 进行3次操作后变为2，则m 的最大值为（ ）A ．80B ．6400C ．6561D ．6560【答案】D6．数学中有许多优美、寓意美好的曲线．在平面直角坐标系中，绘制如图所示的曲线，给出下列四个结论：①曲线经过的整点即横、纵坐标均为整数的点中，横纵坐标互为相反数的点有2个；②曲线在第一、二象限中的任意一点到原点的距离都大于1；③曲线所围成的“心形”区域的面积大于3，其中正确的有（）A．①②B．①②③C．①③D．②③)1,1，(―1,1)，∴①1,0，()在第一、二象限中的任意一点都在以O为圆心，以1为半径的圆外，在第一、二象限中的任意一点到原点的距离大于1，∴②，∴曲线C 所围成的“心形”区域的面积大于3，∴③正确；故选∶D ．7．如图，长方形纸片ABCD ，6cm 8cm AB BC =，=，现将其沿EF 对折，使得点C 与点A 重合，则AEF△的面积为（ ）A ．754B ．18C ．214D ．6948．在平面直角坐标系中，直线:1l y x =-与x 轴交于点1A ，如图所示，依次作正方形111A B C O ，正方形2221A B C C ，¼，正方形，使得点1A 、2A 、3A 、¼，在直线l 上，点1C ，2C ，3C ，¼，在y 轴正半轴上，则点251B 的坐标为（ ）A ．()2502512,21-B ．()2512512,2C ．()2522512,21-D ．()2502512,21+【答案】A【解析】解：在1y x =-中，令0x =，得1y =-，令0y =，得1x =，所以直线1y x =-与x 轴交于点1(1,0)A ，与y 轴的交点坐标为(0,1)-，因此有1111111OA A B B C OC ====，112A B A △、223A B A △、334A B A △，L 都是等腰直角三角形，所以点1B 的横坐标为012=，纵坐标为1121=-，点2B 的横坐标为122=，纵坐标为212321+==-，点3B 的横坐标为242=，纵坐标为3124721++==-，点4B 的横坐标为382=，纵坐标为412481521+++==-，LL 点251B 的横坐标为2502，纵坐标为25121-，即点()2502512,21-.故选A ．第Ⅱ卷（共68分）二、填空题（本大题共5个小题，每题4分，满分20分，将答案填在答题纸上）9．已知某个点在第二象限，且它的横坐标与纵坐标的和为3，请写出一个符合这样条件的点的坐标 ．11．我们知道，以3，4，5为边长的三角形是直角三角形，称3，4，5为勾股数组，记为()3,4,5，可以看作()2221,22,21-´+；同时8，6，10也为勾股数组，记为()8,6,10，可以看作()2231,32,31-´+．类似的，依次可以得到第三个勾股数组()15,8,17．请根据上述勾股数组规律，写出第5个勾股数组： ．【答案】()35,12,37【解析】上述四组勾股数组的规律是：222222222345,6810,81517+=+=+=，即()()()22222121n n n -+=+，∴()()()22222612661-+´=+所以第5个勾股数组为()35,12,37，故答案为：()35,12,37．12．y 与x 之间的函数关系可记为()y f x =．例如：函数2y x =可记为()2f x x =．若对于自变量取值范围内的任意一个x ，都有()()f x f x -=，则()f x 是偶函数；若对于自变量取值范围内的任意一个x ，都有()()f x f x -=-，则()f x 是奇函数．例如：2()f x x =是偶函数，()f x x =是奇函数．已知函数()f x 是奇函数，当0x >时，2()51f x x =+，那么(4)f -= ．【答案】81-【解析】∵()f x 是奇函数，∴()()44f f -=-，∵()2454181f =´+=，∴()()4481f f -=-=-．故答案为：81-．13．如图，在ABC V 中，2,,AB BC AO BO P ===是射线CO 上的动点，60AOC Ð=°，则当PAB V 是直角三角形时，AP 的长为当90APB Ð=°，情况1：AO BO =Q ，PO BO \，60AOC Ð=°Q ，BOP \Ð=°，BOP \V 为等边三角形，1BP OB \==，2AB BC ==Q ，23AP AB BP \=-=；情况2：,90AO BO APB =аQ ，PO AO \=，60AOC Ð=°Q ，AOP \△为等边三角形，三、解答题 （本大题共5小题，其中14题12分，15-16题，每题8分，17-18题，每题10分，共48分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）14．（满分12分）计算：(1)(3))21-；(4)64ææ-ççççèè.15．（满分8分）在平面直角坐标系中，已知点(63P m -，1)m +．(1)若P 到y 轴的距离为2，求m 的值；(2)若点P 的横纵坐标相等，求点P 的坐标；(3)在（2）的条件下，在第二象限内有一点Q ，使PQ //x 轴，且3PQ =，求点Q 的坐标．16．（满分8分）如图，是小朋友荡秋千的侧面示意图，静止时秋千位于铅垂线BD 上，转轴B 到地面的距离 2.5m BD =．小亮在荡秋千过程中，当秋千摆动到最高点A 时，测得点A 到BD 的距离 1.5m AC =，点A 到地面的距离 1.5m AE =，将他从A 处摆动后的坐板记为A ¢．(1)当A B AB ¢^时，求A ¢到BD 的距离；(2)当A ¢距地面最近时，求A ¢到地面的距离（结果精确到0.1 3.606=）．90°；在RtA FB ¢V 中，1390Ð+Ð=23\Ð=Ð；（2分）A FBТ，(AAS)ACB BFA ¢\V V ≌；\17．（满分10分）阅读材料：黑白双雄，纵横江湖；双剑合璧，天下无敌．这是武侠小说中的常见描述，221×=-=；223×=-=，它们的积是有理数，7==+==，像这样，通过分子、分母同乘以一个式子把分母中的根号化去或根号中的分母化去，叫作分母有理化．解决问题：(1)3的有理化因式是____________；(2)“<”“>”或“=”填空）；(3)×××一、填空题（每题4分，满分20分，将答案填在答题纸上）19290,5,C BC D Ð=°=在BC 上且2BD AC ==“>”或“<”或“=”）．20．已知实数a 满足|2023|a a -=，那么22024a -的值是。

第七章教育制度考纲要求：1.理解义务教育的特点。

2.了解发达国家学制改革的主要趋势3.了解我国现代学制的沿革，熟悉我国当前的学制。

第一节教育制度概述一、教育制度的含义教育制度的概念有广义与狭义之分。

（一）广义的教育制度广义的教育制度指国民教育制度，是一个国家为实现其国民教育目的，从组织系统上建立起来的一切教育设施和有关规章制度的综合。

首先，广西的教育制度包括一切教育设施。

这些教育设施既有教育行政机构，也有教育实施机构；在实施机构中，既有学校，还包括少儿校外教育机构，还包括成人文化教育机关。

其次，广义的教育制度还包括有关规章，如国家教育领导体制、办学体制、管理体制、哨声考试制度、升留级制度、课堂管理制度、学校生活制度、奖惩制度等一系列规章制度。

（二）狭义的教育制度狭义的教育制度指学校教育制度，简称学制，是一个国家各级各类学校的总体系，具体规定各级各类学校的性质、任务、目的、要求、入学条件、学制年限及它们之间的相互衔接关系。

学校教育制度是国民教育制度的核心，是国民教育制度中最重要的组成部分，体现了一个国家国民教育制度的实质。

二、学校教育制度在形式上的发展（一）前制度化教育前制度化教育始于人类早期的原始社会教育，也是一种实体化教育。

教育实体的出现，意味着教育形态已趋于定型。

教育实体的产生是人类文明的一大进步，它属于形式化的教育形态，它的形成具有以下特点：①教育主体确定；②教育的对象相对稳定；③形成系列的文化传播活动；④有相对稳定的活动场所和设施等；⑤由以上因素结合而成的独立的社会活动形态。

前制度化的教育，是人类教育史上的一个重要阶段，它为制度化的教育提供了必不可少的发展基础，并对教育的发展发生了难以估量的影响。

（二）制度化教育近代学校系统的出现，开启了制度化教育的新阶段。

制度化教育主要指的是正规教育，也就是指具有层次结构的、按年龄分级的教育制度，它从初等学校延伸到大学，并且除了普通的学术性学习以外，还包括适合于全日制职业技术训练的许许多多专业课程和机构。

高三新教材Units4--8教案（人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计）Reading:Warming upLook at the pictures and match each flower with its correct nameWhich flower is your favorite? Explain why.Pre-readingWhy was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.While-readingFast readingHow many people are mentioned in the passage?Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook Careful reading1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．DA．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．CA．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．AA．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．CA．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groupsC．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. CA．one B．Two C．Three D.fourPost-reading1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.2. What were the goa ls of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.Translate the following phrases into English:1. 详细地 in detail2. 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of3. 由……负责 in the charge of4. 任命某人为…… appoint sb. as5.将……分类成classify…into…6. 计算……之间的距离 calculate t he distance between…7. 一代一代传下去 pass on from one generation to the next8.建于……之上；以……为基础 be based on9.参与; 陷入……的活动 be involved in10.根据;视……而定；按照 according to11.搜索；寻找 search for12.总而言之 altogether1.match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配2.at the age of 在……岁时3.look out for 警惕;留心;守侯4.on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地5.year after year 年年;年复一年6.pass away 逝世…after 给……取名;命名8.in detail 详细9.take care of 关心;照顾10.classify…into 分类;归类11.develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友12.born into 出生13.have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲14.appoint sb. as… 委派;任命某人为……15.spread over 传播;流传16.a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)17.lie in 在于18.related to 与……有关19.the key to 关键是(在于)20.adapt to 适应于21.be sunken into 堕入Integrating skillsScanningFind out the important people mentioned in the text.Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria Gote Turesson From SwedenChoose the best answers according to the passage1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . CA. genetics is more important than the environment to plantsB. genetics is less important than the environment to plantsC. both genetics and the environment are important to plantsD. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . BA. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seedsC. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． CA. the EndeavourB.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . DA．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environmentB．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in handC．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environmentD the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botanybecause_________ . BA．he was invited to join scientific expeditionB．he was interested in themC．he could do a lot Of experimentsD．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”Fill in the following blanksScientistResearch/experimentResultCharles DarwinThe wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden rosesThere were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.Gregor MendelFlowers and peasMany characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.Gote TuressonA wild plant found on the Swedish west coastFound evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.The text can be divided into four partsPart I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.Part III Pa6: Turesson and his studyPart IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.Important sentences in the passage1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.Unit 5 Getting the messageReading:Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chartItemsAd 1Ad 2Ad 3The products they persuade you to buyAdvanced electronic roductsShampooSoft drinksHow to persuadeBy using abstract design, slogan and picturesBy using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic productsBy using wonderful pictures, slogan and productsThe message each ad givesHigh quality,Help customers to succeedCreate beauty,bring happiness and love to customersHelp athletes to refresh themselves.How is the information conveyedPictures, slogan, spokesmanProducts,slogan, picturesPictures,slogan, productsWords related to advertisingadvertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal toPre-readingCollect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the studentsAdvantages DisadvantagesProvide information Mislead customersIncrease sales Give false or incorrect informationMake the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products…1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.2.the first printed advertisement: in London 14773.the first commercials on radio: about 19204.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraphPa1: Ads are found almost everywherePa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.Answer the following questionsFast reading1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P22.What is the basic principle of advertising? P33.What is the most important function of ads? P54.what’s th e advantage of good ads? P8Careful reading1.Why is advertising popular?2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?Choose the best answers:1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . DA managers through broadcastB leaders by radiosC firms by printed noticesD people in various ways.2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . AA increase product salesB make a product more expensiveC increase productionD reduce the costs of a product3.Advertising is a highly developed . BA informationB industryC tradeD science4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. BA followed upB gone hand in handC gone behindD taken place5. The best chance to reach customers is to . CA sell them the productB sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.C appeal to their emotionsD reduce the price of the products.6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. CA. by; byB. by; withC. in; withD. in; by8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：AA. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to othersB. ads are useful and entertainingC. ads are annoyingD.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：BA. sellersB. adsC. our friendsD. defenders10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increasea company’s profits” means . 答案：DA. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profitsB. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profitsC. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profitsD. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：AA. distinguish between fiction and factsB. watch TV more oftenC. believe all the adsD. never believe any ads12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：AA. appeal to their emotionsB. make interesting picturesC. give customers proper pricesD. send messages to customers13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：CA. ads must increase the productionB. ads must reduce the price of the productionC. ads must help companies and customersD. ads must makea product more expensive14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：CA. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：CA. Because ads are found in newspapers.B. Because ads are found on the Internet.C. Because ads are found on TV.D. Because ads are found everywhere.16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：CA. we must learn to believe adsB. we must learn to accept adsC. we must learn to analyse adsD. we must learn to accuse adsT or F1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increas e a company’s profits. ( )6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )Difficult sentences1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.Integrating skillsFill in the blanks for the revisionAdvertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumersmake informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people awareof their social problems and policies.Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.II Lead-in1 what product do they persuade you to buy?2 what information about product can you get?3 How is the information conveyed?4 What are the skills of making good ads?III Reading1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?4 How are the ads presented ?How to create a positive image of the productChoose the words and brand names --- tell the consumer about the advantages of the product ---choose a funny name （use a well-known word--- choose names from old stories--- invent a new word ）A good slogan（ should be catchy --- easy to remember --- convey a message）Ads are started with a puzzle or question And presented in a humorous way1.in order to 为的是;目的在于2.take …into consideration 考虑某事物pare…with… 把……与……比较(对比)plain about 对某人与某物抱怨5.in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位6.hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的7.with the develop of 随着……发展8.on the other hand 另一方面9.get… across 传播或为人理解10.instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)11.appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿)12.armed with用…… 做准备;备有13.make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到14.keep an eye out for 留心或注意到某人或某事物15.protect…from… 防护而不受16.at the right time 在恰当的时候17.point out to (向某人)指出;使注意18.make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通19.accuse…of… 指责;控告20.attach to 系;贴;固定;附着21 differ from 不同于22 attach to/connect with 附着/联想23 attach importance to 给予重视24 start with 以开始25 with the purpose of 以为目的26 point out 指出27 refer to 指/参考28 think twice 慎重考虑Unit 6ReadingRead the text then answer some questions.1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,102 How long did the journey last? About a year3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.ListeningListen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.Post-readingExercise1. True or False1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)6 When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’tagree.)( )7 When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.Exercise 2Choose the best answers1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：CA. California was in desertB. California was far awayC. California was a wonderful land described in a bookD. California was the largest state in the USA2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：AA. KansasB. CaliforniaC. Salt Lake ValleyD. Salt Lake Desert3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：BA. April 12.B. November 4.C. October 15.D. December 25.4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：DA Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.C. Because their water supply was so low.D. All of the above.5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. BA.2 500B.500C.90D.456.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? AA. Because that meant he/she would die.B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：CA. Because they were tired and weak.B. Because they had no burden.C. Because they must have smelt the water.D. Because they went back to their home.8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：AA. More than 40 months.B. About 2 months.C. About a year.D. About a year and a month.9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：DA. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night longB. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached CaliforniaC. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an endD .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California10.The best title of the text is . 答案：BA.A Journey T o CaliforniaB. Long DriveC. The Salt Lake DesertD. Enjoy Your LifeQuestions:1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.2)The courage of the people impresses me most.1.believe in 信任;信耐2.stand for 代表;代替3.adapt to 适宜4.lose heart 灰心;泄气5.be cast away (被)抛弃6.give up 放弃7.less than 少于;不足8.set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发9.move on 继续前进10.take the way 出发;首途11.lose one’s way 迷路12.hang out 伸出13.in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)14.on our feet=on foot 步行15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦17.hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事18.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事19.start doing sth. 开始做某事20.go on all fours 用四肢21.(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘22.stare at 瞪视; 凝视e to an end 结束;终止24.a race against time 与时间赛跑25.save…from 挽救……免于26.take up to 占用(时间;空间)27.at stake 在危险中;关系重大28.risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事29.apply…to… 运用;应用30.add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来31.take it easy 别紧张;放松点32.keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平mon sense 常识;情理34.leave behind 忘带;留下35. live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存36.tie up 系;拴;捆37.go for 为……去;努力获取Unit 7Step one . Answer the following questions.1.When does the story happen ?2.Who is Ebenezer Scrooge ? Which word is he always to comment everything ?3.Who is Bob Cratchit ? What does he want to do ?4.What does the gentleman want to do ? Has he Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ?Step2.Judge the following sentences True or false1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money becausehe was poor himself. F6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. FStep three : Fill in the blanks according the passageIt was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn’t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa ClausIntegrating SkillsDivide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.Find out something about the firs scenePlace:_ The place where Scrooge live once livedThe time when Scrooge was young.Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriendThe girl wanted to be separated from ScroogeCharacters: Scrooge cared nothing except moneyEvent: He felt very uneasy.In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner.2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn’t afford the medicine for him.3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life.5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchi ts’. FScene 3From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey ? DA. SatisfiedB. InterestedC. AngryD. SurprisedHe hadn’t expected that Scrooge would be so generousChoose the best answers1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：BA. December 24B. December 25C. December 30D. December 312.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue? 答案：AA. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley.B. Marley died on December 24th.C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.D .Many thousands of people don’t have enough money to keep themselves warm.3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：DA. a warm-hearted bossB. a lazy kind bossC. a hospitable bossD. a greedy ungenerous boss4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right? 答案：CA. Nothing happened when the clock struck one.B. Scrooge’s eyes were wet because he had a cold.C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting oneverything by saying “Humbug”.5.In the sentence,“He is cold, mean and selfish old man ”,“mean” is . 答案：DA.有技巧的B.心情不好的C.普通的D.吝啬的6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：CA. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful manB. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry ChristmasC. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh startD. Scrooge’s partner, Marley died at Christmas7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：AA. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the futureB. he regrets what he did in the pastC. he is moved by what Santa Claus saysD. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself8.What can’t be concluded from the pa ssage? 答案：DA. People usually have turkey for Christmas.B. The place they live in is cold in winter.C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge’s generousness.D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：DA. think of the past and look forward to the futureB. put valuable things in their pocketsC. have dinner togetherD. show kindness to people and help others10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：DA. there are plenty of prisons in the worldB. he is poor himselfC. the union work houses can help the poorD. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to othersPhrases1.care for 喜爱；照顾2.in the race to do sth. 在做某事的竞赛中3.put on 穿上4.so far 至此5.in want of 需要6.at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜庆的季节7.close up （尤指暂时）关闭；使靠近8.leave alone 不管；随…去9.toast to 干杯10.date back to 追溯到（过去的某个时间）11.on the contrary 相反12.have an eye for 关注；能判断；能欣赏Unit 8Fast reading1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy?Careful readingTell the sentences true or false1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week andin a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.FChoose the best answers1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：CA. at the age of fiveB. by the age of eightC. before they are fiveD. since they were five2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：AA. the ability to memorize the wordsB. an interest in understanding their own thinkingC. willingness to take chancesD. confidence in their ability3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：AA. living with local peopleB. living in the dormitoryC. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable costD. making friends with the other students4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：BA. language and cultureB. cost and safetyC. custom and cultureD. exchange programme5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：CA. staying in the host family’s h ouseB. eating in the host family’s houseC. becoming a member of the familyD. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：CA. care much about the money that may cost youB. collect as much information as possibleC. plan a long course to studyD. discuss every detail with your family7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：BA. we are equipped with a special ability to learn languageB. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around usC. parents can give children language lessonsD. people can learn the language by themselves8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：DA. The cost has become reasonable.B. There are programmes for all levels.C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.D. All the above.9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：CA. to learn the languageB. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other countryC. to get better idea of yourself and your own cultureD. to learn to be independent of oneself10.What’s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：CA. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.。