初中语文教学论文浅谈初三语文复习课的设计、组织与方
法
浅谈初三语文复习课的设计、组织与方法
语文复习课是语文教学的重要环节，是通过相应的教学组织形式和科学方法，对学生大脑皮质中处于潜意识状态的已学知识唤起全部记忆，牢固掌握，并进一步形成能力的过程。上好复习课，就能达到整体记忆，深刻理解，灵活运用教学目的。
一、语文复习课的设计和组织
笔者根据不少老师和自己长期的探索和成功的尝试，以为复习课的设计应以唤起记忆、巩固消化为中心，以打牢基础、强化能力目的，以精讲巧精、讲练结合为原则，而具体组织复习课，可参照“四程序”。其一为遍程序，即老师精讲。老师在认真钻研教材，管理归类好知识点、能力点、德育点的前提下，准确地、概括地、简洁地对将要复习内容的重难点进行深入浅出的解剖，拟成具有启发性的综合思考题，板书给学生，以形成知识的骨架和思维的阶梯，发挥“导”的作用。这程序，要求老师必须把复习的某一单元或某一类型的知识进行反复研究，抓住关键，理出规律，必须精心设计思考题，运用自如地驾驭教材。只有这样老师才能发挥启迪和引导作用。
其二为反刍程序，即让学生读书。老师的巧妙启迪、引导，是为学生有目的地读书服务的。那么这里的读书，就不是一般意义上的读书，而是要求学生带着问题(思考题)，在老师指导下读书，边读边思考，把书读懂，唤起记忆。把知识反复咀嚼，带着的问题解决了。知识梳理、唤起记忆的这个初步目的就达到了。读书过程中，教师必须对读的方法进行具体指导，提出明确要求，学生必须四管齐下:眼到、心到、口到、手到，真正读书。
其三为消化程序，即让学生练习。学生唤起了对知识的记忆，这远远不够，还
必须巩固消化，使基础更牢固扎实，能力得到强化形成语文素质，这才是语文复习的全部目的。要真正达到目的，就必须进行一定量的练习，这是非常关键的一步。练习到底是要求精讲多练，还是精讲少练呢,笔者认为既不能多练，也不能少练，
而要精讲巧练。练的量的多少应当根据复习内容的容量大小和知识的难易，老师灵活掌握。
其四为反馈程序，即多种形式的检查和矫正。学生练习后，不能一做了之，老
师一定要采取简便有效的方式进行教学信息反馈，及时查缺补漏，或同位批改，或全班批改，或组长批改，或老师评讲、兄弟班同学交叉改，或老师抽样改等，收取改后的试卷，迅速了解情况、对练习中出现的倾向性问题必须及时“回炉补火”，进行个别辅导，或发挥学习优秀者——“小助手”的作用来解决。
以上四步程序，其中前两步主要是围绕唤起记忆，整体感知复习内容而设计
的，后两步主要是围绕打牢基础，巩固消化，强化能力，形成语文素质设计的。前者是后者的基础和前提，后者是前者的拓展和延伸。四步程序始终抓住学生这一主体，老师真正发挥主导作用。老师既不搞“一言堂”、又不“散放鸭子”，在引导上下功夫，让学生做学习的主人，在四管齐下上花气力，下功夫，这样课堂效率就得到了充分提高。
二、语文复习课的方法
通过多年的实践，笔者认为，设计好简明精要的图示，配合必要的语言描述进
行语文复习，是一种好方法，具体说来，表现在以下几方面。
deformation small; Dang engineering pile also for perfusion pile Shi, can synchronization construction, to construction conducive to organization, and convenient, and duration short; pile between gap easy caused soil erosion, special Shi in high level soft clay quality area,
needed according to engineering conditions take note pulp, and cement mixing pile, and spin spray pile, construction measures to solution block water problem; Suitable for soft clayey and sandy areas, but construction should be used with caution in the gravel and pebbles; between pile and pile through the pile top beam and wall purlins into overall and thus relatively poor overall, as in important areas, special projects and large Foundation pit in excavation depth application requires special care. 2.1.6 steel piles using steel piles supporting the Foundation pit for temporary support features, construction convenient, short, finished construction in Foundation pit backfill
after the channel pulled out, re-use, can minimize the cost of support. Used steel piles supporting a fatal weakness, that is impervious to water and small soil particles, and also called as high water precipitation or water, and the underground water level is high, water-rich geological conditions did not match. Flexural capacity of steel sheet pile supporting weaker excavation depth does not exceed 4m deflection of more general application. Obviously the soft water of Foundation pit excavation depth of geological conditions of 10m, and is located in the city centres of Flex ... Limited to, work hard, and it can take full advantage of building line the walls within a limited number of ground and space, can give full play to its economic benefits, in the course of construction,
1、放射性大
语文课本中的长课文，诸如散文、小说、戏剧等，少则三五千，多则近万字，通过板书图示，对这些课文“提要勾玄”“凝精聚妙”将课文内容浓缩在几个字、十几个字，或几十个字之中。比如鲁迅小说《故乡》的板书可设计为“回故乡，在故乡，离故乡”，中有九个字;复习《梁生宝买稻种》一课时，我将课文内容概括为“以苦为乐”，板书只有四个字。
由于复习课不同于新课，内容都是学生学过的，只是由于遗忘的作用，使原有的知识信息淡化了、模糊了。复习的时候，只要老师恰到好处把课文的浓缩图再现出来，学生就会以设计者浓缩的思维轨迹放射开来，扩展开去顺理成章地理解和掌握课文的主要内容。
2、覆盖面广
整个中学语文知识系统分散和包含于各册课文之中，分散或逐步复习，显得零零碎碎，难以奏效;把它们全部集中起业又枯燥乏味，而且脱离教材，搞不好就犯脱离大纲的错误。比如复习到欧阳修及有关作家作品时，有关的文学常识该复习什么，复习多少，这些内容怎么联系和区别就很值得研究。有位老师在复习时就把欧阳修和唐宋八大家，作家作品等联系起来板书(板书略)，产生了“枝枝相交通，叶叶相覆盖“的整体印象，交了记忆痕迹，优化了记忆结构，较好地解决了知识的覆盖面问题。
3、系统性强
整个中学语文知识是一个大系统，里面包含着好些既各有特点，又互相联系的小系统，诸如语文知识系统，文体知识系统，文学知识系统等。复习时把整个语文知识系统分成若干个小系统;然后把这些小系统视作一个个相对独立的”整体“，并根据这些整体特点，按由浅入深，由表及里，由简单到复杂的原则对一个小”整体“进行有条理、有系统地复习，最后把它们”互相联系“起来，融会贯通，连接整个语文知识体系，使学生居高临下地审视自己的知识结构、特点和缺陷。实际
上，我校一位老教师周老师在复习整个初中阶段语法知识体系时，就用板书图示法，在复习中收到了良好的效果。可见，用板书图示进行语文复习，其系统性确实是很强的，效果也是很好的。
4、比较性好
”比较“被称为”艺术的超级武器“
，在语文教学中，特别是在复习阶段，搞好各知识点之间的比较区别是十分重要的。而板书图示(包括表格)不失为一种简洁实用的好方法。整个中学知识的方方面面，都可以用丰富多彩有板书图示、表格显示出来。比如复习初中第三册的《批评与自我批评》、《俭以养德》、《俭以养德》、《畏惧错误就是毁来进步》三篇论文时，我们只要出示一份比较表，然后让学生对照课文填好表中的空格，这三篇课文的中心论点、论据、论证方法、论证方式、写作特色等知识就洞若观火了。
5、趣味性足
目前，有些老师的复习方法是从第一册开始，逐课地”炒原饭“，从字词句篇，到语修逻文，面面俱到，再教一遍。教师在台上侃侃而谈，学生在台下恹恹欲睡，语文复习毫无趣味性可言，也难怪复习的效果不佳了。运用图示法进行复习却不同。它借助文字、符号、线条、图画和语言等多种手段，充分刺激学生各种感觉器官，带有极强的趣味性，让学生产生
ull advantage of building line the walls within a limited number of ground and space, can give full play to its economic beneepth of geological conditions of 10m, and is located in the city centres of Flex ... Limited to, work hard, and it can take fxceed 4m deflection of more general application. Obviously the soft water of Foundation pit excavation drich geological conditions did not match. Flexural capacity of steel sheet pile supporting weaker excavation depth does not e-water
level is high, wateril particles, and also called as high water precipitation or water, and the underground use, can minimize the cost
of support. Used steel piles supporting a fatal weakness, that is impervious to water and small so-backfill after the channel pulled out,
re on pitpporting the Foundation pit for temporary support features, construction convenient, short, finished construction in Foundatiojects and large Foundation pit in excavation depth application requires
special care. 2.1.6 steel piles using steel piles suial prnd pile
through the pile top beam and wall purlins into overall and thus
relatively poor overall, as in important areas, spectable for soft
clayey and sandy areas, but construction should be used with caution in the gravel and pebbles; between pile a; Suiconditions take note pulp,
and cement mixing pile, and spin spray pile, construction measures to solution block water problempile between gap easy caused soil erosion, special Shi in high level soft clay quality area, needed according to engineering cive to organization, and convenient, and duration
short;deformation small; Dang engineering pile also for perfusion pile Shi, can synchronization construction, to construction condu2in the
course of construction,fits,
好奇感(平时不注重板书图示教学，复习阶段使用效果更佳)。更何况这种复习
方法使学生站在新的角度看旧知识，熔复习方法、思维训练、思想内容、语文知识
于一炉，学生因此而产生强烈的求知欲望和情感意向，其复习效果也就可想而知了.
3on,e walls within a limited number of ground and space, can give
full play to its economic benefits, in the course of constructi10m, and
is located in the city centres of Flex ... Limited to, work hard, and it can take full advantage of building line th- ns of4m deflection of more general application. Obviously the soft water of Foundation pit excavation depth of geological conditio geological conditions did not match. Flexural capacity of steel sheet pile supporting weaker excavation depth does not exceedrich -il particles, and also called as high water precipitation or water, and the underground water level is high, wateruse, can minimize the cost of support. Used steel piles supporting a fatal weakness, that is impervious to water and small soed out, rel pulltemporary support features, construction convenient, short, finished construction in Foundation pit backfill after the channein excavation depth application requires special care. 2.1.6 steel piles using steel piles supporting the Foundation pit for n pit m and wall purlins into overall and thus relatively poor overall, as in important areas, special projects and large Foundatioareas, but construction should be used with caution in the gravel and pebbles; between pile and pile through the pile top beasandy cement mixing pile, and spin spray pile, construction measures to solution block water problem; Suitable
for soft clayey and il erosion, special Shi in high level soft clay quality area, needed according to engineering conditions take note pulp, and cive to organization, and convenient, and duration short; pile between gap easy caused sodeformation small; Dang engineering pile also for perfusion pile Shi, can synchronization construction, to construction condu 用心爱心专心