解析高考英语阅读中的长难句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句
( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.
( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.
( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.
二、长难句阅读法：结构分析法：明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。
A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；
B.找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语)，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。
C.层层分析，层层剥离
判断
句子
简单句并列句复合句
主干并列连词从属连词
句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
三、长难句之分门别类篇
1.带有较多成分的简单句：去枝叶, 留主干。
Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江苏)
2.含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词,分析从句, 理解句意。
Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句
If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
3.含有插入语的句子:忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题.
这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中插入一些或长或短的成分或句子，比如同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有逗号或破折号分开，
The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷C篇)
Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.
4. 成分省略:把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分
The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will.
5. 倒装句:确定主语, 调整语序,把握大意.
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
四、长难句之小试牛刀篇
1.Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈) of elephants automatically
send a text message when they get too close to farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.
2.I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head
against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious “dark force”in cosmology(宇宙学) past editors at New Yorker.
五、备考方法：
1. 意群阅读法
①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，②an unbelted driver would meet the windshield③with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.
分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。
2.剥丝抽茧法
先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分层理解修饰成分或附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。是名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，
3. 良好习惯
多尝试分析长难句并找出20个长难句进行朗读并背诵。
