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Unit One---Coping with the ComplimentIII. VocabularyA.1. came up with2. The chances are3. fell flat4. bestowed upon5. downright6. put your mind7. appalled8. verdict9. poise 10. blurted outB.1. inarticulate2.insults3. inept4. glowingly5. execrable6. enhance7.invite8. sickly9. adroit 10. charmingC.1. A2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.A9.C 10.AIV. Cloze1. hesitant 6. external 11. Given 16. achieved2. playing 7. lurking 12. for 17. equal3. contributes 8. whose 13. perspective 18. based4. or 9. because 14. drawback 19. enters5. confidence 10. withhold 15. competition 20. enhancingV. TranslationA.我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。
你对他们中的一个人赞叹道，“这是我曾经见到过的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回应道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。
”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。
要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风的。
有一点很清楚：所有得体的社交最根本的就在于保持镇定。
Eliza. W. Farrar，写过一本美国最早的关于礼仪方面的书。
她在书中讲述了在新英格兰举行的一次高雅的宴会上主人切鹅的故事，阐述了保持镇定的重要性。
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。
毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。
当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。
我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。
我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。
维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案Unit One (16页)1. I don’t put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions. I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self-discipline, remaining persistent, and making personal growth a daily priority.我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2. Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence---the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others, to give and take criticism well.许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3. If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it’s ti me for a change---not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation, you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.4. Anybody can make an honest mistake when things are hectic. But people lacking focus have trouble not because they’re too busy, but because their priorities are out of whack. And that wastes their time and resources.任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的时间,也浪费了资源.5. If you resist change, you’re really resisting success. Learn fexibility, or learn to like living with your failures.如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会机动灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.6. The greater your talent, the more likely you are to lean heavily on it and skip the hard day-to-day work of improving it. If you possess this negative tendency, put yourself on a growth plan so that you can make the most of your God-given talent.你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至跳过日复一日完善它的艰苦工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.Unit Two (35页)1．Teachers and professors too often are portrayed as idealists living in an ivory tower who are out of touch with real world. They are accused of emphasizing academic skills or studies that do not relate directly to helping a person move closer to a prospective job or career.老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际，人们指责他们只强调学力和学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。
研究生英语练习答案及译文Unit OneTextA Brief History of EnglishKey to ExercisesIV. Cloze: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. Fill each blank with a proper word.1.Firstly2. and3. whom4. but5. either1.number 7. no 8. rest 9. expanding 10. because Translation of the Text英语简史保罗罗伯茨想要掌握英语这门语言就必须了解英语的历史，然而对此我们只能做到略有所知。
因为英语的历史漫长而复杂，我们只能抓住其发展过程中的几个关键时期。
英语的历史起源于公元600年之后，而对于公元600年之前的英语史前阶段我们只能揣测而无法证实。
公元前1000年左右，英语民族的祖先（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）生活在北欧森林之中，他们的语言属于印欧语系中的日耳曼语支。
这些盎格鲁-撒克逊人是如何迁移到英格兰的，对此我们知之甚少。
然而据我们所知，在很长一段时间内盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人一直在为巩固他们在英格兰的定居地而战。
他们与凯尔特人的战争持续了一百多年，直到英格兰境内的凯尔特人不是被杀，就是被迫流亡到威尔士或沦为奴隶。
这就是亚瑟王时期。
亚瑟王不完全是一个传说人物，他是个受过罗马文明影响的凯尔特人，是一位将领，或许不是一位国王。
他也曾打败过盎格鲁-撒克逊人，但只是一时的胜利。
到了公元550年前后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人才最终定居下来。
英语从此来到了英格兰。
我们习惯上把英语的历史分为三个阶段：古英语，中世纪英语和现代英语。
古英语从最早的历史记载即公元七世纪到大约1100年；中世纪英语从1100年到1450或1500年；现代英语从1500年至今。
现代英语也可以再分为早期现代英语（1500年到1700年）和后期现代英语（1700年至今）。
1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，〞豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地'！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地'是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
friends,how well they do in school ,how they react to new and possibily stressful situations,and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults.It is for these reasons that people's early intimate relationships within their family of origin are so critical.Children who are rasied in impersonal environments 〔orphanages,some fodter homes,or unloving families〕 show emotional and social nguages and motor skills retardation,and metal heath problems. 〔第四章P119 第一段〕“ Businesshappens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well, Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting‘ there ' faster, which means that you not only hav 是to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘thereis'! This creates a requirement not only for people who can actquickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management. 〔第〞一章P29 第一段〕9. 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间那么是一系列动作和冥想的最正确选择。
第一单元1.你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。
(justify)What you did cannot be justified by what you said to him.2.你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from)Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop?3.你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。
(recur)Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist.4.乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。
The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way.5.悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。
(in part)The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy.6.在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。
In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults.第二单元1.那个政客以许多事实和数字作为武器。
1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。
His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2.一架波音747飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。
机上无人生还。
A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3.学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。
Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.4.当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。
Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5.每年夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。
来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。
Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.1.有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。
研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,”says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章P29 第一段）2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。
平时记录考勤，提醒学生缺课三分之一以上的不得参加期末考试（下学期末进行），成绩计算办法：平时20%，期末80%。
Unit 14. Translation process A. Comprehension of words:句子译文（P4-5）（1）人生历程就是从生到死。
(2)女孩放好了桌子。
但lay table”的真正含义是指在餐桌上摆好吃饭用的餐具.(3)他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。
(4)她哭得很伤心。
不能译“她把眼睛哭出来”。
如to laugh one's head off"笑掉大牙”，to burst/split one's side with laughter“笑破肚子”；“tears well up in one's eyes”译为“泪汪汪”．(5)我们找了他，但一无所获。
“to no purpose”和“for no purpose不同，后者是“没有目的”，前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。
(6)但是他的重大发明还在后头呢（不能译：还要来）(7)你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。
（不能译：他一无所有）(8)他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。
可不是吗！/没错。
(9) 哎哟! 人生如草芥.(10) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。
(11) 谁来都行，由我来对付。
/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。
(12) 我死也不干。
（不能译：那怕这样能救我的命也不干）(13) 理论固然重要，实践更重要。
（注意不定代词要译实）(14)学英语，光学语法是不行的。
(15)“exaggerate”一词可以引出较广的含义，不能照字面理解为“被夸张了”，而应译为“他大发雷霞，未免小题大做”。
(16) 不能译为“我盼望遇到一个更老的人”(这样译不通顺)，应译为“我拜读过大作。
没有想到你这么年轻有为，(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。
(17) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。
(显然不能译成“使我成为一个新人”。
)(18) 他妈是他的两倍”或“他妈赛过他两个人”等，都会含混不清。
应根据对其深层意思的理解译为“可是这个家里是他妈妈说了算(或他妈妈当家)，他们说，他连他妈妈的一半也顶不上”(他那样的人，两个也比不过他妈妈)。
(19) 如果将主语译成“他和她”就显得不顺。
后半句如译成“他们各自与另一个人结婚了”则不够清楚。
全句宜译成：“他们再次相逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个也已经再嫁了”。
(20) 会去参加招待会的，那怕交几个新朋友也好。
(这里不能理解为“只是为了……”) Free translation（P6）(1) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
[分析]如果直译，很可能是这样：“昨夜我听见他把他的猪赶到市场。
”这样就闹出了大笑话。
“To drive his pigs to market”在此就是一个“假朋友”，不小心就会上当。
(2) He is being a good boy now．他现在正在是一个好孩子。
[分析]这就叫做硬译，使译文读者不知所云。
应改译为：“他现在正乖着呢。
”(3) Justice has long arms．天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
[分析]翻译思路是：法律的权力和威力是“鞭”长可及的，是无边的。
或译为：罪犯难逃天罗地网(4)关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。
[分析]原文表层信息：关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说意味着革命)。
原文深层信息：a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。
斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。
译文表层表达：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。
(5) Will a duck swim? 当然喽!或译成：还用说吗!(6) They parted enemies．他们不欢而散，成了仇敌。
[分析]译文如保持原文外形而译为“他们分手敌人”或者“他们作为敌人而分手”，那么“可读性”就较差，不如打破原文形式，译成上面那句比较流畅的汉语。
“意译法”的核心是灵活变通。
但灵活变通是有根有据地灵活变通，不是置原文于不顾地乱译一气。
吕叔湘先生曾经举了一个很典型的乱译例句。
原文是这样：(7)(A)理解正确Literal translation and free translation（2）[赏析]译文基本属于直译，但其中把couch potatoes译为“窝在沙发里长时间地看电视”，确实是传神的意译，把原文的深层信息用形象生动的译文传达了出来。
一个“potato”既指人，又隐含“坐在沙发里的静态及时间之长”。
如译为：“沙发土豆”或“坐在沙发里的人”就会形存神失。
5．Foreignization and Domestication归化和异化翻译界有名的东西风之争就是一例。
东风在中国人的概念中是和煦温暖的，代表着春天和美好事物。
李商隐《无题》诗云：“相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。
”东风是该是催开百花的使者，所以才有百花残而怨东风之感慨。
有英译法为：It’s difficult for us to meet and hard to part;The east wind is too weak to revive flowers dead. (许渊冲《中诗英韵探胜》）这种译法在西方人眼中无疑失去了那种淡淡幽怨之韵。
因为缘于英国的地理位置，东风在英国人的眼中是凛冽的刺骨寒风，而西风采温煦、和暖。
这样的直译扭曲了中文的文化意境。
英国诗人John Mansfield也有一首Ode to the West Wind（这是暖风哟，西风哟……也吹来了水仙。
——余光中译）对于中国读者来说,此译文中的西风无疑是个让人迷惑的意象, 与整诗抒情的怀乡基调不符，显得形容突兀。
而在英国的文化环境下则恰到好处。
刘宓庆《文化翻译论纲》一书中指出“译文实际是原文+原文文化背景+译文+译文文化背景+原作者的气质和风格+译者的气质和风格的混合体。
”Unit 22.Word (P9-10)This car is very heavy on oil.这部车耗油量很大。
The snow is falling heavier tonight than last night.今晚的雪下得比昨晚大。
He is a media heavy.他是新闻界重要人物。
There was a heavy fragrance of flowers and lemon trees.那里传来了浓郁的柠檬树和花的香味。
This is a heavy news to everyone that there will be a war next century.下个世纪将有一场战争，这对每个人来说都是一个令人忧虑的消息。
His father is a heavy drinker.他父亲酒瘾极大。
After school, she went home with a heavy heart.放学后，她心情沉重地回家了。
This dessert is not bad, but a little heavy.这种甜点心还不错，就是有点腻。
He is so heavy that he needs extra-large shirts.他太胖了，需要穿特大号的衬衫。
3.1 Subject (P14)1. We built a house.2. The house was built in the western compound (courtyard)/ The western compound witnessed/saw the building of another house.3. Another house was built last year/Last year witnessed the building of another house.4. 同25. The best learner will be given a reward./ Whoever learns (Those who learn)best will be given a reward.6. “15” is an odd number. (even number偶数)7. Jumping and running help our digestion.8. We use chopsticks when we have meals./ Chopsticks are used for eating meals./ Having meals requires the use of chopsticks.9.The members of the Presidium are sitting on the platform./ The platform is occupied by the members of the Presidium.10. Our financial resources are limited, but expenses limitless.11. To empty one’s purse to help people in need is a virtue./ It is a virtue for one to empty his purse to help people in need.12. To be scolded and to be beaten (punished) is to be loved.(Scolding means loving, beating means affection). It will be strange (impossible) for a life without scolding and beating.13. As for his business, you needn’t worry too much.14. Wisdom/cleverness doesn’t necessarily mean success.15. Exact calculation depends on a calm mind.16. It doesn’t matter to be slow, but it is easy to make mistakes to be fast./ Being slow is no problem, while being fast may result in mistakes.17. Where are we now? Where is it? Where am I?18. There is no meeting today.19. It is very exciting in the village./ The village witnesses an exciting scene.20. There is plenty of meat in the kitchen; there are strong horses in the stable. But people looks hungry, and there are people who starved to death in the field.21. It is ok (all right) for me (one person) to do it./ Let me do it, it is enough.22. It is impossible for him to believe what you said/your words.23. It is not strange that sometimes cats are more fierce than dogs./It sometimes happens that cats are more fierce than dogs. /That cats are sometimes more fierce than dogs does happen( in our life).24. Small shops dot the way.25. There are many people in the street.26. From outside the window came a gust of laughter.27. (You should) take one step and look around before taking another.28. As you sow, so will you reap.29. Be quiet.30. One learns as long as one lives./ We learn as long as we live.31. With a knowledge of natural sciences, one can go anywhere in the world./If one has a knowledge of natural sciences, he /she can go anywhere in the world. /Whoever has (Those who have) a knowledge of natural sciences can go anywhere in the world.32. The man is stubborn.33. Many high buildings were built.3.2 Predicate (P15)1. I know that.2. Who said/did that?3. I feel very hot.4. The melon is very sweet.5. This pair of shoes is small and worn-out.6. He is a good guy.7. The girl has big eyes.8. Each one gets one copy./one for each.9. The boy is 16 years old.10. We like/value old friends just as we like/value new clothes. /Old friends are as good as new clothes.11. He is smelling of sweat. 12. He has a quick temper.13. During the Moon Festival every family eats moon cakes.14. The dish tastes salted.15. It hasn’t rained for 2 months./It is 2 months since it rained last.16. The child has a good memory.17. China is rich/abound in land areas and resources.18. What we owed to our party is far beyond the measure/can’t be measured.19. The reeds on the wall are top-heavy, foot-light and root-shallow. The bamboo shoots in the hill are tongue-sharp, skin-thick, and stomach empty./ The reeds on the wall have heavy tops, light feet and shallow roots. The bamboo shoots in the hill have sharp tongues, thick skin, and hallow inside.20. This conduct is immoral.21. The problem remains to be solved by the labor union.22. You’re making a fuss about nothing./You’re raising a storm in a teacup.23. You scared me out of my senses.24. It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything.25. We must not only concern ourselves with personal affairs but the affairs of the state and the world.26. He often receives visitors and attends dinner parties.27. One of my friends lives in Hong Kong./ I have a friend living in Hong Kong./ I have a friend who lives in Hong Kong.28. Professor Li always stands there and gives his lectures./ Professor Li always stands theregiving his lectures./ Professor Li always gives his lectures by standing in front of the classroom.29. Let’s open the window and let in the fresh air./ Let’s open the window to let in the fresh air.30. He often took his students to the factory for a visit/to visit the factory.31. Taking a dictionary, he began to prepare his lessons./ He took a dictionary and began to prepare his lessons.32. The children came running to greet us.33. He is going to ask for leave to go home by air to see his relatives next week.34. He is going to fix an appointment over the phone to meet her for a talk.35. I remembered that he had been there.练习：I. 对于许多人来说，在当今计算机时代还需要由人来作翻译似乎不合情理。
