0.2 The researching field of ecology
●生态系统是一定空间中生物群落和非生物环境的复合体, 生态学家最感兴趣的是能量流动和物质循环过程。
Ecosystems comprise the biotic community in conjunction with the associated complex of physical factors that characterize the physical environment. Issues of interest at this level include energy flow, food webs and the cycling of nutrients. ●现代生物学的研究对象进一步向微观(分子生态学)与宏 观(景观生态学和全球生态学—生物圈生态学)两个方面 发展。
Levels: Individual organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Landscape, Global Ecology.
0.2 The researching field of ecology
●在个体层次(水平)上,有机体对环境 的反应是关键项目; At the individual level the response of individuals to their environment (biotic and abiotic) is the key issue.
0.2 The researching field of ecology
●组织层次:生态学的研究对象很广,从个体的分子直到生物 圈。但是,生态研究者对于其中4个组织层次(level of organization)特别感兴趣,即个体、种群、群落和生态 系统。