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从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《london》
《London》是英国诗人William Blake于1794年创作的一首诗歌，它描绘了伦敦的景象，表达了作者对伦敦的热爱和深深的思念。
从美学角度来看，《London》是一首充满着悲伤和深情的诗歌，它把作者的心情和思绪表达得淋漓尽致。
诗中描绘的伦敦景象，令人感受到作者对伦敦的热爱和思念，他用悲伤的语调描绘了伦敦的街道、桥梁、建筑物等，以及伦敦人民的悲惨遭遇，表达了作者对伦敦的深深思念。
此外，诗中还描绘了伦敦的悲惨景象，比如“悲伤的婴儿哭泣着”，“悲惨的母亲把孩子抱在怀里”，“悲惨的母亲把孩子抱在怀里”，这些描绘出了伦敦人民的悲惨遭遇，令人感到悲伤。
总之，《London》是一首充满悲伤和深情的诗歌，它把作者对伦敦的热爱和思念表达得淋漓尽致，令人感受到作者对伦敦的深深思念。
它不仅描绘了伦敦的景象，还把伦敦人民的
悲惨遭遇表达得淋漓尽致，令人感到悲伤。
英国诗人经典诗歌鉴赏英语诗歌往往寄托着作者浓烈的情感，有些诗歌既唯美动人，又感人肺腑，今天店铺在这里为大家介绍一些英国诗人经典诗歌鉴赏，希望大家会喜欢这些英语诗歌!英国诗人经典诗歌：爱情的坟墓I dug, beneath the cypress shade,What well might seem an elfin’s grave;And every pledge in earth I laid,That erst* thy false affection gave.I pressed them down the sod beneath;I placed one mossy stone above;And twined the rose’s fading wreathAround the sepulchre of love.Frail as thy love, the flowers were dead,Ere* yet the evening sun was set:But years shall see the cypress spread,Immutable as my regret.我在柏树下掘着坟墓，就象要把一个小精灵埋葬;放进往日的定情之物，这些虚情假意的馈赠我一直珍藏。
我把它们深深埋进土里，一块生苔的石碑竖在墓旁;再用凋谢的玫瑰编成花环，将这爱情的坟墓围在中央。
这些玫瑰与你的爱情一样脆弱，夕阳尚未西沉就已干枯死亡;但柏树还会把你经年荫蔽，恰如我终生难以排解的惆怅。
英国诗人经典诗歌：美好愉快的夏天Simmer’s a pleasant time,Flow’rs of ev’ry colour;The water rins* o’er the heugh*,And I long for my true lover.Ay waukin O,Waukin still and wearie：Sleep I can get naneFor thinking on my dearie.When I sleep I dream,When I wauk I’m eerie;Sleep I can get nane,For thinking on my dearie.Lanely night comes on,A’ the lave are sleepin’;I think on my bonnie lad,And I bleer my een* with greetin’.Ay waukin O,Waukin still and wearie;Sleep I can get naneFor thinking on my dearie.美好愉快的夏天美好愉快的夏天，百花盛开争奇斗艳;溪水流过峡谷，我把至爱思念。
（英）外国诗歌鉴赏31恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记(节选) [英国]拜伦给安蒂…… 啊!你的眸子跟羚羊的眼一样天真，有时大胆地闪烁，有时羞涩得美丽，顾盼能迷人，注视时光彩炯炯; 一瞥这一页吧;也不要对我的诗集吝惜一笑;如果你给我的超出了友谊，我的心将为你的笑容而徒然相思。
只给这些吧，亲爱的少女;也不必诧异：为...雅典的少女你是我的生命，我爱你。
[英国]拜伦雅典的少女呵，在我们分别前，把我的心，把我的心交还! 或者，既然它已经和我脱离，留着它吧，把其余的也拿去! 请听一句我临别前的誓语：你是我的生命，我爱你。
我要凭那无拘无束的鬈发，每阵爱琴海的风都追逐着它; 我要凭那墨玉镶边的眼睛，睫毛直吻...往昔的光辉 [英国]莫尔时常在静静的夜间，熟睡的锁链缚住我之前，多情的记忆把往昔的光辉带到我的周围：童年的微笑，童年的眼泪，那时所说的爱的语言; 那时闪光的眼，现在已经消逝昏暗，欢快心肠现在已经寸断! 这样在静静的夜间，熟睡的锁链缚住我之前，忧伤的记忆把往...吻 [英国]莫尔给我一记甜蜜的亲吻，我的爱，在一个美味的夜间我教过你，当时，我们享受着巨大的欢欣，试图创造更多的乐趣。
来吧，轻轻地侵占我的嘴唇，让你的樱唇在低语中运动，——唉，不!——再来一次——吻错了——我的爱，你怎么这么迟钝? “停一停!”面红耳赤... 旧时熟识的脸面 [英国]兰姆我曾经有过游侣，我曾经有过同伴，在我的童年，在我上学的欢快日子——统统都消逝了，那些旧时熟识的脸面。
我曾经欢笑，我曾经畅饮，和知己好友饮酒坐到夜深——统统都消逝了，那些旧时熟识的脸面。
我爱过一个情人，在妇女中最为美丽：她给我吃闭门羹... 布连海姆战役之后 [英国]骚塞那是一个夏天的傍晚，老卡斯帕尔已把活干完，他静坐在夕阳的余晖里，静坐在自己屋舍的门前; 他的小孙女威勒玛茵，嬉戏在草地上，在他身边。
她看见她的哥哥皮特金，滚动着一件东西又大又圆，那是他在游玩时捡来的，在离家不远的那条小河边; 老人走上...青年与暮年 [英国]柯尔律治诗呵，像在花间飘荡的风，希望叮住花朵，像只蜜蜂——两者都是我的!生活多么欢快，充满了纯真、希望和诗情，那时我还年轻! 那时我还年轻?——可悲的那时呵! 呵!此时与那时之间的变化呵! 这一非人工建造的能呼吸的寓所，这一给我带来痛苦的错误的躯壳，...安宁颂 [英国]柯尔律治安宁!我爱你的名字胜过所有名声和荣誉! 你永远不会使我陷沉于宗派的纷争，卑劣的诡计; 因为沉思的真理的宠儿呵! 我早已将青春献给了你，并未等风暴骤起以怒吼使我丧胆，我早已弃舟登上了坚定的河岸。
英国诗歌鉴赏英国诗歌作为世界文学的重要组成部分，以其深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的艺术表现力，为世界文化宝库增添了无数的瑰宝。
从古老的史诗到现代的自由诗，英国诗歌无不彰显着其独特的魅力和无限的艺术可能。
英国诗歌的魅力首先体现在其语言之美。
英国诗人善于运用语言的韵律、节奏和音韵，创造出优美的诗歌语言。
如莎士比亚的十四行诗，其独特的韵脚和节奏使得诗歌既有节奏感又有旋律感，给人以极大的美的享受。
在诗歌的主题方面，英国诗歌同样丰富多样。
无论是描绘自然风光的田园诗，还是表现人性复杂面貌的心理诗，英国诗人都能用独特的笔触展现出不同的情感和思考。
如华兹华斯的《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》，以细腻的笔触描绘了自然的美丽与和谐，给人以心灵的慰藉。
此外，英国诗歌还善于运用象征、隐喻等修辞手法，赋予诗歌更深层次的内涵和寓意。
这些修辞手法不仅丰富了诗歌的艺术表现力，也使得诗歌更具深度和广度。
如T∙S∙艾略特的《荒原》中，通过象征和隐喻等手法，深刻揭示了现代社会的荒芜和人们的精神困境。
在英国诗歌的发展历程中，涌现出了许多杰出的诗人和作品。
从古老的史诗《贝奥武甫》到乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》，再到现代诗人如艾略特、休斯等人的作品，英国诗歌始终保持着旺盛的生命力和创造力。
这些诗人和作品不仅为英国诗歌史留下了宝贵的遗产，也为世界文学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
英国诗歌的价值不仅在于其艺术成就，更在于其对社会和人类的深刻思考。
诗人们通过诗歌表达了对自然、人性、社会等问题的独到见解和思考，使得诗歌成为了人类智慧的重要载体。
这些思考和见解不仅为我们提供了认识世界和自身的新的视角和思路，也为我们提供了面对困境和挑战的勇气和力量。
总之，英国诗歌作为世界文学的瑰宝，以其深厚的文化底蕴、丰富的艺术表现力和深刻的社会思考，为我们展现了人类智慧的无穷魅力。
在未来的发展中，我们应该继续传承和发扬英国诗歌的优良传统，让其在新的时代背景下焕发出更加璀璨的光芒。
同时，我们也应该积极学习和借鉴英国诗歌的艺术手法和思考方式，不断提高自身的文化素养和审美能力，为推动人类文化的进步和发展贡献自己的力量。
William Wordsworth⏹What are the main features of Wordsworth’s poetry?⏹back to nature⏹deep love of nature⏹appeal to individual sensations⏹attention to humble folk of rural life⏹simplicity and purity in languageI travelled among unknown men这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作，浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。
它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋，意境凄美，感情真挚自然。
从韵律上看，这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵（单数诗句四音部抑扬格，双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换），最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。
露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中——“露西，她最后一眼望见的”——可以看出，《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。
露西死了，但是露西永远活在诗人心中，虽死犹生。
露西是完美的，她死了，是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。
lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey赏析It is in blank verse.One of the major themes of the poem is - people\'s change over time.The title is very clear and literary gives us all the necessary informations like, time, place, date etc. which helps us to understand the poem.Imagination also plays very important role here. His longing to return to this special place a few miles above Tintern Abbey which he absolutely adores. We can see he has been away from this place for five years, and he always thinks about this magical place with its steep lofty cliffs and its beautiful scenery. the poem is about nature and how the speaker revoke his memory when he was in that location.She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways在韵律上，此诗采用谣曲形式（四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间押交韵），这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘的形象贴合得当，和谐统一。
外国优秀英文诗歌赏析【导语】英语诗歌是一个包含丰富社会生活内容和艺术内涵的世界,欣赏它,读者可以了解英语国家的历史与现实,可以培养自己的文学趣味和接受审美教育等。
下面是由带来的外国优秀英文诗歌赏析，欢迎阅读!【篇一】外国优秀英文诗歌赏析spring goeth all in whiterobert bridgesspring goeth all in white,crowned with milk-white may;in fleecy flocks of light,o'er heaven the white clouds stray;white butterflies in the air;white daisies prank the ground;the cherry and hoary pear,scatter their snow around.春之女神着素装罗伯特・布里季春之女神着素装，山楂花冠乳白光;天上分明一群羊，白云朵朵自来往;粉蝶空中时蹁跹;廷命菊花饰郊原;樱桃梨树共争艳，四处非花如雪片。
【篇二】外国优秀英文诗歌赏析I Loved YouAlexander PushkinI loved you; and perhaps I love you still,The flame, perhaps, is not extinguished; yet It burns so quietly within my soul,No longer should you feel distressed by it. Silently and hopelessly I loved you,At times too jealous and at times too shy. God grant you find another who will love you As tenderly and truthfully as I.-- Alexander Pushkin. I Loved You. Translation: Babette Deutsch.我曾经爱过你爱情，也许在我的心灵里还没有完全消亡;但愿它不会再打扰你;我也不想再使你难过悲伤。
thetyger诗歌鉴赏诗歌《The Tyger》是英国诗人威廉·布莱克的一首著名诗歌，它以其独特的风格和深邃的主题而闻名。
这首诗以其精湛的韵律和节奏，以及富有象征和隐喻的意象，表达了诗人对生命、创造力和神性的深刻思考。
首先，从诗歌的韵律和节奏来看，《The Tyger》以其独特的四行格式和ABAB 的韵脚而引人注目。
这种结构不仅赋予诗歌一种稳定、和谐的节奏，也强调了诗歌的主题——火眼金睛、敢于翱翔的翅膀、敢于攫火的手掌等元素，以及它们所代表的创造力和力量。
其次，布莱克在诗歌中运用了丰富的象征和隐喻。
这首诗中的“Tyger”代表了生命中的神秘和奇妙，以及创造的无限可能。
它引发了对生命的敬畏和对未知的探索。
同时，诗人也通过描绘“Tyger”的外部形态和内在创造力，暗示了人类对神性和宇宙的理解。
此外，诗歌中还出现了其他具有象征意义的形象，如海洋、天空、火焰等。
这些形象在诗中相互交织，共同构建了一个充满力量和美丽的创造物。
通过这些形象，诗人表达了对生命和创造的赞美，以及对人类内在潜力和力量的肯定。
最后，从主题和情感的角度来看，《The Tyger》表达了诗人对生命、创造力和神性的独特见解。
布莱克通过这首诗，探索了生命的意义和价值，以及人类如何与宇宙建立联系。
他试图唤醒人们内心深处的创造力，激励他们去探索未知的世界，并勇敢地面对生活中的挑战。
总的来说，《The Tyger》是一首充满力量和美丽的诗歌。
通过其独特的韵律、节奏和意象，布莱克表达了对生命、创造力和神性的深刻思考。
这首诗不仅激发了人们对未知的探索和对生命的敬畏，也给予了人们追求内在潜力和力量的勇气。
现代主义文学时期英国诗歌鉴赏
这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作，浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。
它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋，意境凄美，感情真挚自然。
从韵律上看，这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵（单数诗句四音部抑扬格，双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换）,最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。
露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中—“露西，她最后一眼望见的，可以看出，《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。
露西死了，但是露西永远活在诗人心中，虽死犹生。
露西是完美的，她死了，是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。
从艺术手法上看，此诗似无技巧，其实是浑然天成，不露痕迹。
如果我们细细阅读，就可看出此诗处处暗含对比。
第二小节则连用两个比喻来进行对比。
第三小节则是生与死的对比，生不为人知，死亦不为人闻，这说明她的命运是多么可怜。
英国经典诗歌欣赏《英国经典诗歌欣赏：丁尼生〈《尤利西斯》〉》一、原文：《尤利西斯》长昼将尽，月升日落；我听到，岸边涛声渐弱。
滩上暗沙，被海水洗过，我的航海者伙伴们，划桨击水，驶向归途；他们卸下肩头的桨，终止漂泊。
漫长的旅途，劳顿的身心，赢得了什么？港湾中的歇息，还有这黄昏时平静的海滨；并非什么丰功伟绩。
嗨，只保存这点精力，还经得起几次风雨？终点就在眼前，可生命的旅程，似乎才刚刚起步；我生命的黄昏太孤寂，我想利用这最后的时机。
我永不停止这狂野的游历，将我的生命付诸万里波涛；我曾享受过人世恩遇，也吃过不少苦头；且让我作最后一次远航，看黄昏星在西天的余光。
我怀着一种强烈的渴望，不达目的地决不下战场；也许浪涛会把我吞噬，也许我会到达幸福岛。
虽然我老迈，但我还有余力，风浪不动摇我坚定的意志。
我的水手们——意志与我相同，他们既受辛苦也享光荣；尽管被时光和命运削弱，但仍有坚强意志去斗争！岸和洋，也许是隔开我们的尸首，但是，无论如何，我的意向不变。
那时候，也许一息尚存的我发现，那未见的世界就在大洋彼岸；也许海水会把我淹没，也许会踏上异域的沙滩；那时候我看到的灯光，是佩涅洛佩手中的灯盏；她坐在家中心神不安，等待她丈夫归还——我迟归的灵魂呀，见到灯光就心安。
来吧，我的朋友们，去追寻一个更新的世界。
还来得及，趁着未老龙钟；虽然被拿走许多东西，但还有许多留存。
因为岁月虽然驯服了我们，但我们仍然豪迈英勇。
去奋斗，去探索，去追求，永不倒下。
二、衍生注释：1. “尤利西斯”：在希腊神话中是奥德修斯的拉丁名，他是伊塔卡岛的国王，以智慧、坚韧和历经漫长冒险旅程归家而著名。
诗中以尤利西斯象征着不甘寂寞、渴望冒险与探索的勇者形象。
2. “佩涅洛佩”：尤利西斯的妻子，她以忠贞著称，在尤利西斯征战与漂泊他乡的漫长岁月里，苦苦守在家中等待他归来。
三、赏析：1. 主题：这首诗的主题是关于对冒险、探索与生命意义的追求。
尤利西斯尽管年事已高，经历了众多的磨难和游历，但他依然渴望新的旅程，拒绝安于现状。
墓园挽歌：托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray，1716-1771）是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。
他最著名的诗歌是便是《墓园挽歌》，并因此同写过《夜吟死亡》（Nitht-Piece on Death,1721）的托马斯·帕达尔（Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718）,写过《坟墓》（The Grave, 1743）的罗伯特·布莱尔（Robert Blair，1699-1746）和写过《夜思》（Night Thoughts，1742）的爱德华·杨格（Edward Yong,1683-1765）等人一道被称为“墓园派诗人”。
《墓园挽歌》是“感伤主义”的代表作，常被批评家誉为十八世纪乃至英国历来最好的诗歌。
这首诗有着这样独特的地位，主要是因为它凝聚了每个时期中的某种社会情绪，用比较完美的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就。
这首诗写诗人流连在乡村的墓园里，望着一座座平民百姓的墓石，他思考了狠毒。
这些人默默无闻，劳作终身，死后埋葬简陋的墓地里，他们身前也有过报复，经历过悲欢离合。
回忆中，诗人对他们寄予深切的同情，对骄奢淫逸的权贵做了温和的批评，并指出：不论身前多么荣华富贵，死亡对于每个人来说都是平等的。
既然大家殊途同归，人们就应该以一种豁达的态度来面对人生。
这首诗共32节，每节有四行五步抑扬格组成，以abab押韵。
总体上来说，这首诗在形式上采用了古典主义的格式，但在内容上却显示了感伤主义和浪漫主义的新特征。
诗人在晚钟时分步入墓园：晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。
群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径。
农夫荷锄犁，倦倦回家门。
唯我立狂野，独自对黄昏。
（The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.）开头一段描写了天黑时分牧人赶着牛群徐徐入村，农人们经历了一天的劳累拖着疲惫的步伐回家的景象，把恬静的乡村生活如风景画般的呈现在了我们面前。
英国诗歌赏析导言英国文学在世界文学史上占有重要地位，其诗歌作品更是为人所推崇。
从中世纪的古老诗歌传统到维多利亚时代的浪漫时期，英国诗人通过他们的作品传达了各种情感和思想。
本文将从几个重要的英国诗人入手，进行一些具体的赏析和分析。
一、威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被公认为英国最伟大的文学家之一，同时也是最伟大的戏剧家之一。
在他较短的生命中，他写下了许多著名的戏剧作品，其中有许多包含着令人难忘的诗歌。
莎士比亚的诗歌展现了他独特的才华和创造力。
在他的诗歌中，我们可以看到对爱情、人性和权力等主题的深入剖析。
例如，在他的著名爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，他运用了美妙的诗句表达了两位年轻恋人之间的激情和悲伤。
其中一句“但愿这种荣耀是夏季最少的鸟儿，飞得最高的鸟儿”深深触动了无数读者的心弦。
莎士比亚的诗歌才华使他的作品经久不衰，并成为世界各地戏剧演员和诗歌爱好者的珍藏。
二、约翰·基茨约翰·基茨（John Keats）是浪漫主义时期的杰出诗人之一。
他的诗歌以其优美的形象、深情和富有感知力的文字而闻名。
基茨的诗歌表达了对自然、艺术和爱情的热情。
他的一首著名诗歌《秋夜长诗》描述了一个富有画面感的秋天夜晚。
他通过细腻的描写和富有感情的语言，让读者真切地感受到了秋天的美丽与温暖。
基茨的诗歌作品也探讨了许多深刻的主题，例如生死、时间和美的本质。
他的作品常常将寻找内心世界与对外部世界的观察和体验相结合，给人留下深刻的印象。
三、威廉·华兹华斯威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）是著名的浪漫主义诗人，也被誉为英国浪漫主义诗歌运动的领袖之一。
他的诗歌作品被誉为具有启发性和敏感性的杰作。
华兹华斯的诗歌作品主要表达了对自然和人类内心的关注。
他强调人与自然之间的亲密关系，并倡导人们回归大自然和内心的平静与安宁。
他的著名诗歌《世界太多吵闹》以诗人的视角观察现实世界，描述了城市生活的嘈杂和丛林中的宁静。
ode to the west wind诗歌鉴赏篇一：标题:ode to the west wind诗歌鉴赏正文:《ode to the west wind》是英国诗人拜伦·布朗特(Byron Brown)创作的一首抒情诗,描述了他对西方秋风的赞美之情。
这首诗歌以流畅的旋律、优美的语言和富有感染力的情感展现了拜伦·布朗特对自然和人生的深刻感悟。
诗歌一开始,作者用富有感染力的语言表达了他对秋风的赞叹之情,“The wind is howling, the trees are swaying, The leaves are falling, they make a sound as they fall”,这句话形象地描绘了秋风的咆哮和树叶的飘落,让人感受到秋风的凄凉和美丽。
接着,作者表达了对生命和爱情的美好看法,“Life and love, they are like a wind, A force that blows us away, but we cannot help”,这句话表达了生命和爱情像风一样,可以带走我们,但是我们却无法阻挡它们的力量。
在诗歌的后半部分,作者描述了他对爱情的感悟,“My love for you, like a wind in the night, A gentle breeze that blows me towards you”,这句话表达了他对爱情的柔情和爱意,像夜晚的微风一样,轻轻拂过他的心灵,让他走向心爱的人。
最后,作者用“Ode to the west wind”,来结束这首诗歌,这句话代表了他对西方秋风的赞美和感激之情,也表达了他对生命和爱情的美好愿景。
拓展:《ode to the west wind》是一首经典的诗歌,它的优美旋律和动人语言让人们回味无穷,也让人们感受到了拜伦·布朗特对自然和人生的深刻感悟。
这首诗歌被广泛地传唱和欣赏,成为了英国文化中的经典之作。
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry1.What is poetry?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.―Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.‖―Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.‖Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.―诗言志，歌咏言。
‖ ---《虞书》―诗言志之所以也。
在心为志，发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。
情发于声；声成文，谓之音。
‖---《诗·大序》―诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‗完成‘的艺术。
‖ ---艾青：《诗论》2.The Sound System of English Poetrya. The prosodic featuresProsody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /brightIn the /forest /of the/ night,What im/mortal /hand or /eyeCould frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. BlakeLength: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o‘er the lea,The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas GrayLong vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b. Meter or measure (格律)poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed andunstressed syllables.Four common meters:a) Iambus; the iambic foot (抑扬格)eg. She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the nightOf cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;And all/ that‘s best /of dark/ and brightMeet in /her as /pect and /her eyes. ---Byronb) Trochee; the trochaic foot（扬抑格）eg. Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love,Love that/ never/ told can/ be. ---Blake c) Dactyl; the dactylic foot （扬抑抑格）eg. Cannon to/ right of them,Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them,V olley‘d and/ thunder‘d. ---Tennysond) Anapaest; the anapestic foot（抑抑扬格）eg. Break,/ break, /break,On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!And I would /that my tongue/ could utterThe thought/ that arise /in me. ---Tennysonc) Other metersAmphibrach, the amphibrachic foot (抑扬抑格)；Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格)；Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot (抑抑格)；d) Actalectic foot (完整音步) and Cactalectic foot（不完整音步）eg. Rich the / treasure,Sweet the / pleasure. (actalectic foot)Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright,In the/ forest/ of the/ night. (cactalectic foot )e) Types of footmonometer(一音步)dimeter（二音步）trimeter（三音步）tetrameter（四音步）pentameter（五音步）hexameter（六音步）heptameter（七音步）octameter（八音步）We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambicpentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number offoot and meter are taken together in a poem.C. RhymeWhen two or more words or phrases contain an identicalor similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and theconsonant sounds that follow the vowel sound areidentical and preceded by different consonants, a rhymeoccurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:internal rhyme and end rhymeInternal rhymea) alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.eg. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free.---ColeridgeI slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare ―Consonant cluster‖ (辅音连缀)―internal or hidden alliteration‖ (暗头韵) as in―Here in the long unlovely street‖ (Tennyson)The Scian & the Teian muse,The hero‘s harp, the love‘s lute,Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b) Assonance (腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音)：the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg. Do not go gentle into that nightOld age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words have forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that night.c) Consonance (假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg. At once a voice arose amongThe bleak twigs overheadIn a full-hearted evensongOf joy illimited.---HardyEnd rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identicalstressed syllables.a) Perfect rhymePerfect rhyme (in two or more words) occurs in the following three conditions:identical stressed vowel sounds (lie--high, stay--play);the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels (park--lark, fate-- late);different consonants preceding the stressed vowels (first– burst);follow—swallow (perfect rhyme)b) imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg. fern—bird, faze—late, like—rightc) Masculine and feminine rhymeeg. Sometimes when I‘m lonely,Don‘t know why,Keep thinking I won‘t be lonelyBy and by.---Hughes The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speedScarce seem‘d a vision; I would ne‘er have striven…---Shelley Rhyme scheme (韵式)a) Running rhyme scheme (连续韵)two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:eg. Tiger, tiger, burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?b) Alternating rhyme scheme (交叉韵)rhymed every other line in a b a b c d c d:eg. Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer‘s lease hath all too short a date:---Shakespearec) enclosing rhyme scheme (首尾韵)In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:eg. When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookY our eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;---W. B. Y eatsD. Form of poetry ( stanzaic form)a) couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:eg. A little learning is a dangerous thing;Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b) heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:eg. O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme:---DenhamThen share thy pain, allow that sad relief;Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Popec) Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu. rhymedeg. He clasps the crags with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountains walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson d) quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg. O my luve is like a red, red rose,That‘s newly sprung in June;O my luve is like the melodieThat‘s sweetly play‘d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a‘ the seas gang dry.---Burnse) Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of14 lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet (Francesco Petrarch):two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem,or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde,cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet,rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The first quatrain introducesa subject, the second expands, and once more in the third,and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhymingabab bcbc cdcd ee;Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates thepause between the octave and sestet.f) Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentametereg. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;---Shakespeareg) Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmiccadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases,images and syntactical patterns rather than theconventional use of meter.eg. DaysWhat are days for?Days are where we live.They come, they wake usTime and time over.They are to be happy inWhere can we live but days?Ah, solving that questionBring the priest and doctorIn their long coatsRunning over the fields.---Philip Larkin3.The semantic system of English poetrya. The meaning of poetryPoetry is ―the one permissible way of saying one thingand meaning another‖. (Frost)The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels,that is, the literal (the lowest), the sensory (the medium)and the emotional (the highest).b. Image---the soul of the meaning in poetrya) Definition: ―language that evokes a physical sensationproduced by one or more of the five senses--- sight,hearing, taste, to uch and smell.‖ (Kirszner and Mandell)A literal and concrete representation of a sensoryexperience or of an object that can be known by one ormore of the senses.b) Types of imagesIn terms of senses：visual image (视觉意象)auditory image（听觉意象）olfactory image（嗅觉意象）tactile image （触觉意象）gustatory image （味觉意象）kinaesthetic image （动觉意象）eg. Spring, the sweet spring, is the year‘s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!---Thomas Nashe In terms of the relation between the image and the object:Literal (字面意象) and figurative image （修辞意象）The former refers to the one that involves no necessarychange or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensoryrepresentation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literalmeaning of the words.eg. Let us walk in the white snowIn a soundless space;With footsteps quiet and slow,At a tranquil pace,Under veils of white lace.---Elinor WylieIn terms of the readers: fixed and free image（稳定意象和自由意象）By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that itsmeaning and associational value is the same ornearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context thatits possible meanings or associational values are limited, itis therefore, capable of having various meanings or valuesfor various people.eg. SnakeI saw a young snake glideOut of the mottled shadeAnd hang limp on a stone:A thin mouth, and a tongueStayed, in the still air.It turned; it drew away;Its shadow bent in half;It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing,The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time. ---Theodore Roethkec) The function of image:to stimulate readers‘ senses;to activate readers‘ sensory and emotional experience;to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience; to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;eg. FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.---Carl Sandbergeg. Fire and iceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I‘ve tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice. ---R. FrostC. The means of expressing meaninga) Phonetic devicesonomatopoeiaA widow birdeg. A widow bird was mourning for her loveUpon a wintry bough;The frozen wind crept on above,The freezing stream belowThere was no leaf upon the forest bare,No flower upon the ground,And little motion in the airExcept the mill-wheel‘s sound. P. B. Shelley Puneg.The little black thing among the snowCrying ―‘weep, ‘weep‖ in notes of woe!b) figures of speechA. comparison: metaphor; simile (tenor 本体, vehicle 喻体)B. conceitC. personificationD. metonymy (换喻)E. apostropheF. synaesthesia （―通感‖或―联觉‖）G. symbolismH. hyperboleI. Allusion （典故）c) Deviation (变异)：the digression from the normal way ofexpressionsLexical deviation (self-made words)Grammatical deviation (slang, vernacular)Deviation of registersDeviation of cultural subjects。
经典英文诗歌赏析(全)一 nothing gold can stay1简介：《美景易逝(Nothing Gold Can Stay)》罗伯特弗罗斯特的代表作之一。
此诗于1923年写就，即于当年十月在《耶鲁杂志(The Yale Review)》上刊印出版，随后就被收录到弗罗斯特的一本名为《新罕布什尔州(New Hampshire)》的诗集中。
2诗歌翻译：Nothing gold can stay 岁月留金Nature's first green is gold, 大自然的第一抹新绿是金，Her hardest hue to hold. 也是她最无力保留的颜色.。
Her early leaf's a flower; 她初发的叶子如同一朵花,;But only so an hour. 不过只能持续若此一刹那。
Then leaf subsides leaf, 随之如花新叶沦落为旧叶。
So Eden sank to grief. 由是伊甸园陷入忧伤悲切，So down gose down to day, 破晓黎明延续至晃晃白昼。
Nothing gold can stay. 宝贵如金之物岁月难保留。
3诗歌赏析：这首诗揭示了一切真切而美好的事物最终定会逐渐消失的哲理。
它同时也使用了独特的技巧来表现了季节的变化。
想到了小时了了，大未必佳。
一切都是转瞬即逝的，浮世有的仅仅转丸般的繁华。
二 the road not taken1诗歌简介：这首名诗《The Road NotTaken》形式是传统的抑扬格四音步，但音步可变(含有很多抑抑扬的成分);每节的韵式为abaab 。
弗罗斯特写诗的特色就是善于使用眼前看似平淡无奇的事物，去表达一个深刻的哲理。
这正如他在一首诗中写的：“黄色的树林里有两条岔开的路/可惜我不能在同一时间走两条路/我选择了少人行走的那条/这就造成了一切的差异。
”诗人选择了诗歌，放下了在一所师范学校教书的职业以及那可能平坦，安稳的生活。
1. Blank Filling: Figures of Speech, common knowledge (10 points)（填空：1—8根据老师所给诗句所运用的修辞填空。
）(1) Personification(拟人)(2) Metaphor（暗喻）(3) Parallelism（排比）(4) Anaphora (Repetition)（反复）(5) Simile（明喻）(6) Paradox（矛盾）(7) Hyperbole（夸张）(8) Metonymy（转喻）(9) Father of English Literature（英语文学之父）：Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗雷·乔叟）The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）The first tenant of the Poets’ Corner英语最早使用Iambic pentameter(10) Westminster Abbey, Poets’ Corner（诗人角）：威斯敏斯特大教堂：（其中著名的“诗人角”就位于教堂中央往南的甬道上。
在这儿长眠着许多著名的诗人和小说家。
如英国14世纪的“诗圣”乔叟，就安葬于此。
陵墓周围还有一扇专门的“纪念窗”，上面描绘着他的名作《坎特伯雷故事集》里的情景。
伴他长眠的有丁尼生和布朗宁，他俩都是名噪一时的大诗人。
著名的小说家哈代和1907年诺贝尔文学奖获得者吉卜林也葬在这里。
“诗人角”中央，并排埋葬着德国著名的作曲家亨德尔和19世纪最杰出的现实主义作家狄更斯。
还有些文学家死后虽葬身别处，但在这里仍为他们竖碑立传，如著名的《失乐园》的作者弥尔顿和苏格兰诗人彭斯，就享受着这种荣耀。
）LondonAlfred, Lord Tennyson （丁尼生）Robert Browning （布朗宁）Rudyard Kipling （吉普林）(11)Beowulf（《贝奥武夫》）：《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf）一译贝奥武甫。
An Analysis on My Heart Leaps UpBy William WordsworthAbstract: Poetry is the carrier of traditions and civilizations of a nation‟s progress. It is the treasure from ancestors. Poetry has the social function of appreciation and the metaphorization of the world. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study and know well about poetries. Romantic period is regarded as an age of poetry. The paper will give a detail analysis on a poetry—My Heart Leaps Up, written by William W ordsworth, one of the most influential poet during romantic period, helps readers to fully understand the author‟s poetic feature features, feeling and the beauty of nature. Knowing well about poetry will enhance one‟s sense of appreciation and cultivate a sense of appropriateness.Key words: poetry, nature, heart1.IntroductionIn the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England. It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. In stead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. When talking about this period, William Wordsworth should be the one who can be mentioned. William Wordsworth was a Romantic Period poet in the mid-18th century. His Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798,marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry. He is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”. He considers poetry to be the expression of nature. Most of his poetries manifest his affection to the nature.William Wordsworth as one of the major poets, made a great contribution to the English literature at that period.William Wordsworth (1770-1850), was one of the most important poets of English literature, as well as the greatest and most influential poet in English Romantic Movement. His Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.He was an English romanticist, as well as “an intelligent and hi ghly educated man: he was a learned, clever, even a witty poet.” (Purkis 12) He was born at Cockermouth, Cumberlan, a beautiful scenic spot in northwestern England, in1770, where developed his passionate love for nature. In Wordsworth﹒Selected Poems,it sa ys that Wordsworth “best remembered for his devoted love of nature and rejection of secular values.” Although he lost his parents in his early years, he was looked after by his relatives who discharged their trust in a praiseworthy manner. His early life was very stuff, however, the beautiful natural scenery of his living place made up the lack of his matter and kindness. Therefore, his memories of early life did not feel poor but plentifully.2. Poetic features of WordsworthAccording to the subject matt ers, Wordsworth‟s short poems can be divided into two groups: the poems of nature and the poems about human life. He is a poet of nature and a master hand in searching and revealing the feelings of the common people. Wordsworth is best known for his poetry of nature. He believed that “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility.” (Liu 31) He aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, describing the natural scenery and man with their life to expressed his feeling and deepen thought which enlightened people to rethink about nature and life. “His love for nature is boundless. To him nature means more than rivers, trees, rocks, mountains, lakes, and so on. Nature has a moral value and has its philosophical significance. Nature is for him the embodiment of the Divine Spirit. To him nature is the greatest of all teachers, and those who are uncorrupted by urban society, especially those simple rustic people, can communicate directly with nature which gives them pow er, peace, and happiness.” (Luo 7) His poetical creation was featured by his idea of “back to nature” and “back to the patriarchal system of the old time”. (Liu 31) As a romanticism poet, he fully embodies the essence of the five characterizations of the period, which areImagination, Intuition, Idealism, Inspiration and Individuality.3. An Analysis on My Heart Leaps UpWordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of feelings”. (Luo 4) He wrote a lot of short lyrics to express his deep love for nature which are manifest the essences of Romanticism. As we all know that Romanticism is characterized by five …I‟, which are means Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, Inspiration and Individuality. Take My Heart Leaps Up for an example, a simple and cheerful poem. This poem was written by Wordsworth in 1802 when he was 32 years old, which used rainbow as the image to express his passionate to the nature. Moreover, it was used to express the internal thought of man and implicated some truth of life. In this poem, we see the author reflecting on the beauty and wonder of nature, of which he is a part.Here is the poem:My heart leaps up when I beholdA rainbow in the sky:So was it when my life began;So it is now I am a man;So be it when I shall grow old,Or let me die!The Child is father of the Man;And I could wish my days to beBound each to each by natural piety.My Heart Leaps Up is a poem that basis on the five “I” very strictly. The five “I” of this poem are very simple and obviously. The imagination is the rainbow. When we read it we can know the intuition and the idealism, which express that the beauty of the nature. The aim of the poem is that hope to inspire people‟s attention to the nature, and implicate some truth of life. Finally, the individuality expresses the author‟s own desire that he wishes he can be bound by natural piety.William Wordsworth used simple words to indicate his passionate to the nature and some truth of human life.Here is a detail analysis on the poem:My heart leaps up when I beholdA rainbow in the sky:(My Heart Leaps Up, Line 1-2)When we read this two lines, a rainbow image appears in our mind. We can see that extremely happiness of the author and his love to the nature. These two lines reflected that the author was a part of the natural world, and he was very glad to see the rainbow in the sky. His heart flied up into the sky and we could feel how he felt at that time. It described a pleasure picture for the children. Rainbow is one of the natural scenery. As an image, it represents hope, beauty and faithfulness in life. When children saw rainbow in the sky, they were rejoice and cheering. And often we can hear scream sound from them. They just like angels, innocent and happiness. That feeling was very pleasure and delightful, and now the author still can remember that kind of feeling. Every time he recollects the rainbow, his heart will full of hope and feel the power of nature. Seven colors of the rainbow represent seven kinds of living conditions. That represent the colorful and rich live of human beings. As far as I am concerned, the author tried to show us the beauty of nature, and the natural power, life is full of hope, and it represents the beginning of life, and wishes whenever he saw the rainbow, he still can hold that innocent heart or prefer to die. Then he said:So was it when my life began;So it is now I am a man;So be it when I shall grow old,Or let me die!(My Heart Leaps Up, Line 3-6)These four lines strongly manifest the author‟s passion of nature. If he can not live with an innocent hear like a child to appreciate such kind of beauty, he would prefer to die. “So was it…” represents the past, “So it is…” represents the present, and “So be it…” represents the future. Those simple words “So w as it…; So it is…; So be it…”stand for the whole life of a man, which emphasize the emotional highlight of the cheering to behold the rainbow in the sky. From the four lines, we can deeply see Wordsworth‟s love to the nature. He hoped his heart for the whole life can maintain the love of nature and the pure innocence. Should no to be so, he would think life is meaningless, and prefer to die.The next line:The Child is father of the Man;(My Heart Leaps Up, Line 7)This line is the gist of the whole poetry. It conveys many thought of the author. Not only refers to the biological life, but also to the spiritual life. Wordsworth wastrying to tell us we tend to distant away from the nature as we grew old, and we tend to overlook some basic and primitive sources of happiness. This line contains two meanings. One is the surface meaning, which is the child will grow up be a man and a father. And in the early years of the child is the best period to formative and establish a child‟s character for life. In China, there is an idiom has the similar meaning like that, which is a child can be seen the old when he was three years old. The other is the deepen meaning, which is the child‟s innocence soul. The child‟s innocence can inspire adults how sensitive nature is. Adults can not control the uncertain world. They have to concern and face many stresses from the life. Adults may forget their feelings to the nature because the coldness reality and the pollution of the society. They have to struggle for life, busy everyday. All their minds are working, working and working, money, money, and money. That dazed them everyday and had no concern about the beauty of nature. At the moment when children see the rainbow in the sky, their cheerful happiness yelling will remind the adults of the joy they have had in their youth. And then the adults will realize such kind of feeling and regain it.And finally:And I could wish my days to beBound each to each by natural piety.(My Heart Leaps Up, Line 8-9)The last two lines express the author‟s inner prayer that he wishes he can live with the nature in the whole of his life. He can remember the beauty of life and he might never take this beauty for granted. The words “natural piety” also contains two aspect meanings. (Huang 181) One is th e younger‟s natural piety to the elder; the other is the author‟s natural piety to the nature.4. ConclusionPoetry is the most lovely and perfect discourse form that humans can achieve. Poetry expresses human affection and mind through the musical features of words, and highlights imagination and perfection, so its function of appreciation is highlighted. Its matapharization of the world is realized by images, strong affection to appeal for the reader‟s affection, but not by mock reality. Wordsworth‟s hear t leaps up when he behold the rainbow in the sky, and he felt delightful to see it when he was young and grew up. He wishes he can maintain such delightful feeling of the nature when he grows old, or through his whole life. The child in some part is the father of man. The child‟s purity helps the adults to regain their inner heart and the sensitive to the nature. This simple lyric contains philosophy and embodies Wordsworth‟s idea of“back to nature”. Now, we still can feel the beauty of nature and that kin d of feeling shall not perish in the world.REFERENCESHuang, Gaoxi, trans. William Wordsworth Poems. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2000.John Purkis. A Preface to Wordsworth. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005. Liu, Dan.Selected Reading in English and American Literatures. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2004.Luo, Jingguo. A New Anthology of English Literature, V olume II. Beijing: Peking University press, 1996.Penguin Group. Wordsworth﹒Selected Poems. England: Penguin Press, 1996.。
